The enthalpy change for the complete burning of one mole of a substance
is the enthalpy of _______

thermochemical equation

combustion

released

vaporization

fusion

absorbed

heat

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

combustion

Explanation:

The enthalpy change for the complete burning of one mole of a substance

is the enthalpy of __combustion_____ .


Related Questions

What are the concentrations of Cu2+, NH3, and Cu(NH3)42+ at equilibrium when 18.8 g of Cu(NO3)2 is added to 1.0 L of a 0.800 M solution of aqueous ammonia? Assume that there is no volume change upon the addition of the solid, and that the reaction goes to completion and forms Cu(NH3)42+.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Cu(NO₃)₂ + 4NH₃ = Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺  + 2 NO₃⁻

187.5 gm      4M           1 M

187.5 gm reacts with 4 M ammonia

18.8 g     reacts with  .4 M ammonia

ammonia remaining left after reaction

= .8 M - .4 M = .4 M .

187.5 gm reacts with 4 M ammonia   to form 1 M Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺

18.8 g reacts with .4 M ammonia  to form 0.1 M Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺  

At equilibrium , the concentration of Cu²⁺ will be zero .

concentration of ammonia will be .4 M

concentration of  Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺ formed will be 0.1 M

Describe the buffer capacity of the acetic acid buffer solution in relation to the addition of both concentrated and dilute acids and bases.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is in the explanation

Explanation:

Acetic acid, CH₃COOH, is a weak acid that will produce a buffer when its conjugate base, CH₃COO⁻, acetate ion, is added to the solution.

That is because a buffer is the mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa.

When an acid (HX) is added to the solution, the acetate ion will react producing acetic acid, thus:

CH₃COO⁻ + HX → CH₃COOH + X⁻

For this reason, the pH doesn't change abruptly because H⁺ ions are not produced.

Now, if a  base (BOH) is added to the buffer, CH₃COOH will react producing acetate ion and water, thus:

CH₃COOH + BOH → CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O + B⁺.

In the same way, there are not produced free OH⁻ and the pH doesn't change significantly.

The bromine test (part d) is often used as an indication of unsaturation(double and triple bonds). Explain why your result for trichloroethylene and toluene were different than for the simple alkene produc

Answers

Answer:

Toluene is an aromatic compound not an alkene

Bromine test is used to determine the presence of unsaturation in the given compound. The trichloroethylene does not have any unsaturation while toluene have double bonds of benzene ring. Therefore, the Bromine test can differentiate between trichloroethylene and toluene.

What is degree of unsaturation?

The degree of unsaturation of an organic compounds can be categorised two types: saturated and unsaturated. Saturated compounds are those that have only single bonds. An unsaturated compound are those that has a double bond, triple bond, and/or ring(s).

The alkanes with only single bonds are classified as saturated whereas the alkenes and alkynes with double and triple bonds are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons.

The degree of unsaturation formula helps in finding whether a compound is saturated or unsaturated.

In the Bromine test when the bromine solution will be added into the compound if the brown color of the solution will disappear it means the unsaturation is present in the given compound.

Therefore, the we can distinguish between trichloroethylene and toluene with bromine test.

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When ethanol, C2H5OH (a component in some gasoline mixtures) is burned in air, one molecule of ethanol combines with three oxygen molecules to form two CO2 molecules and three H2O molecules.


A) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction described.


B) How many molecules of CO2 and H2O would be produced when 2 molecules ethanol are consumed? Equation?


C) How many H2O molecules are formed, then 9 O2 molecules are consumed? What conversion factor did you use? Explain!


D) If 15 ethanol molecules react, how many molecules O2 must also react? What conversion factor did you use? Explain!

Answers

Answer:

1) C2H5OH(l)+3O2(g)⟶2CO2(g)+3H2O(l)

2) four molecules of CO2 will be produced and six molecules of water

3)9 molecules of water are formed when 9 molecules of oxygen are consumed.

4) 45 molecules of oxygen

Explanation:

The balanced chemical reaction equation is shown here and must guide our work. When ethanol is burned in air, it reacts as shown;

C2H5OH(l)+3O2(g)⟶2CO2(g)+3H2O(l)

Hence, if we use 2 molecules of ethanol, the balanced reaction equation will look like this;

2C2H5OH(l)+6O2(g)⟶4CO2(g)+6H2O(l)

Hence four molecules of CO2 are formed and six molecules of water are formed

From the balanced stoichiometric equation;

3 molecules of oxygen yields 3 molecules of water

Therefore, 9 molecules of oxygen will yield 9 × 3/3 = 9 molecules of water

Therefore, 9 molecules of water are formed when 9 molecules of oxygen are consumed.

From the reaction equation;

1 molecule of ethanol reacts with 3 molecules of oxygen

Therefore 15 molecules of ethanol will react with 15 × 3/1 = 45 molecules of oxygen

An ethylene glycol solution contains 21.4 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 97.6 mL of water. (Assume a density of 1.00 g/mL for water.) Determine the freezing point and boiling point of the solution. (Assume a density of 1.00 g/ mL for water.)

Answers

Answer: The freezing point and boiling point of the solution are [tex]-6.6^0C[/tex] and [tex]101.8^0C[/tex] respectively.

Explanation:

Depression in freezing point:

[tex]T_f^0-T^f=i\times k_f\times \frac{w_2\times 1000}{M_2\times w_1}[/tex]

where,

[tex]T_f[/tex] = freezing point of solution = ?

[tex]T^o_f[/tex] = freezing point of water = [tex]0^0C[/tex]

[tex]k_f[/tex] = freezing point constant of water = [tex]1.86^0C/m[/tex]

i = vant hoff factor = 1 ( for non electrolytes)

m = molality

[tex]w_2[/tex] = mass of solute (ethylene glycol) = 21.4 g

[tex]w_1[/tex]= mass of solvent (water) = [tex]density\times volume=1.00g/ml\times 97.6ml=97.6g[/tex]

[tex]M_2[/tex] = molar mass of solute (ethylene glycol) = 62g/mol

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex](0-T_f)^0C=1\times (1.86^0C/m)\times \frac{(21.4g)\times 1000}{97.6g\times (62g/mol)}[/tex]

[tex]T_f=-6.6^0C[/tex]

Therefore,the freezing point of the solution is [tex]-6.6^0C[/tex]

Elevation in boiling point :

[tex]T_b-T^b^0=i\times k_b\times \frac{w_2\times 1000}{M_2\times w_1}[/tex]

where,

[tex]T_b[/tex] = boiling point of solution = ?

[tex]T^o_b[/tex] = boiling point of water = [tex]100^0C[/tex]

[tex]k_b[/tex] = boiling point constant of water = [tex]0.52^0C/m[/tex]

i = vant hoff factor = 1 ( for non electrolytes)

m = molality

[tex]w_2[/tex] = mass of solute (ethylene glycol) = 21.4 g

[tex]w_1[/tex]= mass of solvent (water) = [tex]density\times volume=1.00g/ml\times 97.6ml=97.6g[/tex]

[tex]M_2[/tex] = molar mass of solute (ethylene glycol) = 62g/mol

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

[tex](T_b-100)^0C=1\times (0.52^0C/m)\times \frac{(21.4g)\times 1000}{97.6g\times (62g/mol)}[/tex]

[tex]T_b=101.8^0C[/tex]

Thus the boiling point of the solution is [tex]101.8^0C[/tex]

Air is compressed from an inlet condition of 100 kPa, 300 K to an exit pressure of 1000 kPa by an internally reversible compressor. Determine the compressor power per unit mass flow rate if the device is (a) isentropic, (b) polytropic with n =1.3, (c) isothermal

Answers

Answer:

(a) [tex]W_{isoentropic}=8.125\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]

(b) [tex]W_{polytropic}=7.579\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]

(c) [tex]W_{isothermal}=5.743\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

(a) In this case, since entropy remains unchanged, the constant [tex]k[/tex] should be computed for air as an ideal gas by:

[tex]\frac{R}{Cp_{air}}=1-\frac{1}{k} \\\\\frac{8.314}{29.11} =1-\frac{1}{k}\\[/tex]

[tex]0.2856=1-\frac{1}{k}\\\\k=1.4[/tex]

Next, we compute the final temperature:

[tex]T_2=T_1(\frac{p_2}{p_1} )^{1-1/k}=300K(\frac{1000kPa}{100kPa} )^{1-1/1.4}=579.21K[/tex]

Thus, the work is computed by:

[tex]W_{isoentropic}=\frac{kR(T_2-T_1)}{k-1} =\frac{1.4*8.314\frac{J}{mol*K}(579.21K-300K)}{1.4-1}\\\\W_{isoentropic}=8.125\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]

(b) In this case, since [tex]n[/tex] is given, we compute the final temperature as well:

[tex]T_2=T_1(\frac{p_2}{p_1} )^{1-1/n}=300K(\frac{1000kPa}{100kPa} )^{1-1/1.3}=510.38K[/tex]

And the isentropic work:

[tex]W_{polytropic}=\frac{nR(T_2-T_1)}{n-1} =\frac{1.3*8.314\frac{J}{mol*K}(510.38-300K)}{1.3-1}\\\\W_{polytropic}=7.579\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]

(c) Finally, for isothermal, final temperature is not required as it could be computed as:

[tex]W_{isothermal}=RTln(\frac{p_2}{p_1} )=8.314\frac{J}{mol*K}*300K*ln(\frac{1000kPa}{100kPa} ) \\\\W_{isothermal}=5.743\frac{kJ}{mol}[/tex]

Regards.

The reaction of 15 moles carbon with 30 moles O2 will
result in a theoretical yield of __ moles CO2.

Answers

Answer:

15 moles.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the undergoing chemical reaction is:

[tex]C+O_2\rightarrow CO_2[/tex]

Clearly, since carbon and oxygen are in a 1:1 molar ratio, 15 moles of carbon will completely react with 15 moles of oxygen, therefore 15 moles of oxygen remain as leftovers. In such a way, since carbon and carbon dioxide are also in a 1:1 molar ratio, the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide is 15 moles based on the stoichiometry:

[tex]n_{CO_2}=15molC*\frac{1molCO_2}{1molC} \\\\n_{CO_2}=15molCO_2[/tex]

Best regards.

how many grams are there in 9.4x10^25 molecules of H2

Answers

Answer:

You start with 9.4 x 1025 molecules of H2.

You know that an Avogadro's number of molecules of H2 has a mass of 2.0 g.

To solve, 9.4 x 1025 molecules H2 x (2.0 g H2 / 6.023 x 1023 molecules H2) = 312. g H2

Explanation:

What are 3 characteristics of chemical reactions

Answers

Answer:

Evolution of gas.

Formation of a precipitate.

Change in color.

Explanation:

Consider the insoluble compound zinc carbonate , ZnCO3 . The zinc ion also forms a complex with hydroxide ions . Write a balanced net ionic equation to show why the solubility of ZnCO3 (s) increases in the presence of hydroxide ions and calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction. For Zn(OH)42- , Kf = 2.9×1015 . Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s).

Answers

Answer:

The net ionic equation is  [tex]ZnCO_3 _{(s)} + 4 OH^{-}_{(aq)} \to [Zn(OH)_4]^{2-} _{(aq)} + CO_3^{2-} _{(aq)}[/tex]

The equilibrium constant is  [tex]K = 4.06 *10^{4}[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are that

      The  [tex]K_f = 2.9 *10^{15 }[/tex]

The ionic equation is chemical represented as

    Step 1

         [tex]ZnCO_3 _{(s)}[/tex]  ⇔   [tex]Zn^{2+} _{aq} + CO_3^{2-} _{aq}[/tex]   The  solubility product constant for stage is     [tex]K_{sp} = 1.4*10^{-11}[/tex]

 Step 2

        [tex]Zn^{2+} _{(aq)} + 4 0H^{-} _{(aq)}[/tex]    ⇔  [tex][Zn(OH_4)]^{2-} _{(aq)}[/tex]  The formation constant for this step is given as [tex]K_f = 2.9 *10^{15 }[/tex]

 The net reaction is  

           [tex]ZnCO_3 _{(s)} + 4 OH^{-}_{(aq)} \to [Zn(OH)_4]^{2-} _{(aq)} + CO_3^{2-} _{(aq)}[/tex]

The equilibrium constant is mathematically evaluated as

         [tex]K = K_{sp} * K_f[/tex]

substituting values

         [tex]K = 1.4*10^{-11} * 2.9 *10^{15}[/tex]

        [tex]K = 4.06 *10^{4}[/tex]

describe how would you use chromatography to show whether blue ink contains a single purple dye or a mixture of dyes​

Answers

Explanation:

if the solution placed on the chromatography is pure there will be formation of one spot from the baseline and will go farthest to the front line unlike the impure one

With ink chromatography, a small amount of ink is added to the paper, one end is submerged in water, and the different colors of the ink are revealed as the water moves up the paper. All of this is made possible by the water base and variety of salabilities or densities that make up ink.

What is chromatography ?

Separating mixture's constituent parts by chromatography is a method. The mixture is dissolved in a material known as the mobile phase to start the process, which then transports it through a material known as the stationary phase.

A little dot of the ink to be separated is placed at one end of a strip of filter paper to perform ink chromatography. The paper strip's opposite end is submerged in a solvent. The solvent moves up the paper strip, dissolving the chemical combination as it goes and pulling it up the paper.

Throughout the experiment, the dyes are pulled along by the mobile phase (water) as it gently advances up the stationary phase (paper).

Thus, With ink chromatography, a small amount of ink is added to the paper, one end is submerged in water.

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The atomic mass of gallium is 69.72 . The density of iron is 7.87 . The atomic mass of iron is 55.847 . Calculate the number of gallium atoms in one ton (2000 pounds) of gallium. (Enter your answer to three significant figures.)

Answers

Answer:

the atomic mass of any elemet contains avogardo numberof atoms

In case of Gallium,

69.72 gram is atomic mass and it cotnains around 6.023*10^23 atoms of Gallium

but, 2000 punds = 907184.7 grams

907184.7 gram of gallium contains= 6.023*10^23* 907184/69.72

                                                          = 79 *10^26 atoms

Explanation:

On a hot summer day, the density of air at atmospheric pressure at 35.5°C is 1.1970 kg/m3. (a) What is the number of moles contained in 1.00 m3 of an ideal gas at this temperature and

Answers

Complete question:

On a hot summer day, the density of air at atmospheric pressure at 35.5°C is 1.1970 kg/m3. (a) What is the number of moles contained in 1.00 m3 of an ideal gas at this temperature and pressure.

Answer:

The  number of moles contained by an ideal gas at this temperature and pressure is 41.32 moles.

Explanation:

Given;

density of dry air, ρ = 1.1970 kg/m³

temperature of the air, T = 35.5°C  = 273 + 35.5 = 308.5 K

air volume, V = 1 m³

Apply ideal gas law for dry to calculate the air pressure;

[tex]P = \rho R_dT[/tex]

where;

P is the air pressure

ρ is the air density

Rd is gas constant for dry air = 287 J/kg/K

P = 1.197 x 287 x 308.5 = 105,981.78 Pa

(a) Now, determine the number of moles contained by an ideal gas at this temperature and pressure, by applying ideal gas law;

PV = nRT

where;

P is the pressure of the gas (Pa)

V is the volume of the gas (m³)

n is number of gas moles

R is gas constant = 8.314 m³.Pa / mol.K

T is temperature (K)

n = (PV) / (RT)

n = (105,981.78 x 1) / (8.314 x 308.5)

n = 41.32 moles

Therefore, the  number of moles contained by an ideal gas at this temperature and pressure is 41.32 moles.

The number of moles of an ideal gas at this temperature and pressure is 41.5 moles.

Given that;

Density of dry air = 1.1970 kg/m3

Pressure of dry air = ?

Temperature of dry air = 35.5°C + 273 = 308.5 K

Hence;

P = Density × gas constant of dry air × Temperature

P = 1.1970 kg/m3 × 287.1 J/Kg/K × 308.5 K

P = 106019 Pa or 1.05 atm

Using the ideal gas equation;

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT

n = 1.05 atm × 1000 L/0.082 atmL/K.mol × 308.5 K

n = 41.5 moles

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A certain element consists of two stable isotopes. The first has a mass of 62.9 amu and a percent natural abundance of 69.1 %. The second has a mass of 64.9 amu and a percent natural abundance of 30.9 %. What is the atomic weight of the element?

Answers

Answer:

63.518

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Mass of Isotope A = 62.9 amu

Abundance of isotope A (A%) = 69.1%

Mass of isotope B = 64.9 amu

Abundance of isotope B (B%) = 30.9%

Atomic weight of the element =..?

The atomic weight of the element can be obtained as follow:

Atomic weight = [(Mass of A x A%)/100] + [(Mass of B x B%) /100]

Atomic weight = [(62.9 x 69.1)/100] + [(64.9 x 30.9)/100]

Atomic weight = 43.4639 + 20.0541

Atomic weight = 63.518

Therefore, the atomic weight of the element is 63.518.

Draw structural formulas for all the alkene(s) formed by treatment of each haloalkane or halocycloalkane with sodium ethoxide in ethanol. Assume that elimination occurs by an E2 mechanism.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Kindly note that I have attached the complete question as an attachment.

Here, we are told that elimination occurs by an E2 mechanism. What this means is that the hydrogen and the halogen must be above and below for the reaction to proceed.

The possible products are as follows;

Please check attachment for complete equations and diagrams of compounds too.

How many grams of POCl3 are produced when 225.0 grams of P4O10 and 675.0 grams of PCl5 react? This is the balance equation P4O10 + 6PCl5 → 10POCl3

Answers

Answer:

900g of POCl₃

Explanation:

Hello,

To solve this question, we'll require the equation of reaction.

P₄O₁₀ + 6PCl₅ → 10POCl₃

Molar mass of P₄O₁₀ = 283.886 g/mol

Molar mass of PCl₅ = 208.24 g/mol

Molar mass of POCl₃ = 153.33 g/mol

But Number of moles = mass / molar mass

Mass = molar mass × number of moles

Mass of POCl₃ = 153.33 × 10 = 1533.3g

Mass of PCl₅ = 208.24 × 6 = 1249.44g

Mass of P₄O₁₀ = 283.886 × 1 = 283.886g

From the equation of reaction,

283.886g of P₄O₁₀ + 1249.44g of PCl₅ produces 1533.33g of POCl₃

I.e 1533.33g of reactants produces 1533.33g of product (law of conservation of mass)

Therefore, (225g of P₄O₁₀ + 675g of PCl₅) = 900g will give x g of POCl₃.

1533.33g of reactants = 1533.33g of products

900g of reactants = x g of products

x = (900 × 1533.33) / 1533.33

x = 900g of POCl₃

Why does a chemical change occur when copper is heated?

Answers

Answer:

When copper is heated, it decomposes to form copper oxide and carbon dioxide. It is an endothermic reaction, which means that it absorbs heat. When heated, copper is easily bent or molded into shapes.

Explanation:

A common laboratory reaction is the neutralization of an acid with a base. When 31.8 mL of 0.500 M HCl at 25.0°C is added to 68.9 mL of 0.500 M NaOH at 25.0°C in a coffee cup calorimeter (with a negligible heat capacity), the temperature of the mixture rises to 28.2°C. What is the heat of reaction per mole of NaCl (in kJ/mol)? Assume the mixture has a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/(g·K) and that the densities of the reactant solutions are both 1.07 g/mL. Enter your answer to three significant figures in units of kJ/mol.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "90.6 kJ/mol".

Explanation:

The total reactant solution will be:

[tex](31.8 \ mL+68.9 \ mL)\times 1.07\ g/mL = 107.74 \ g[/tex]

The produced energy will be:

[tex]=4.18 \ J/(gK)\times 107.74 \ g\times (28.2-25.0)K[/tex]

[tex]=450.35\times 3.2[/tex]

[tex]=1441.12 \ J[/tex]

The reaction will be:

⇒  [tex]HCl+NaOH \rightarrow NaCl+H_{2}O[/tex]

Going to look at just the amounts of reactions with the same concentrations, we notice that they're really comparable.  

Therefore, the moles generated by NaCl will indeed be:

=  [tex](\frac{31.8}{1000} \ L)\times (0.500 \ M \ HCl/L)\times \frac{1 \ mol \ NaCl}{1 \ mol \ HCl}[/tex]

=  [tex]0.0318\times 0.500[/tex]

=  [tex]0.0159 \ mole \ of \ NaCl[/tex]

Now,

=  [tex]\frac{1441.12 \ J}{0.0159 \ moles \ NaCl}[/tex]

=  [tex]906364.7[/tex]

=  [tex]90.6 \ KJ/mol \ NaCl[/tex]

When comparing the two chair conformations for a monosubstituted cyclohexane ring, which type of substituent shows the greatest preference for occupying an equatorial position rather than an axial position

Answers

Answer:

See the explanation

Explanation:

In this case, we have to keep in mind that in the monosubstituted product we only have to replace 1 hydrogen with another group. In this case, we are going to use the methyl group [tex]CH_3[/tex].

In the axial position, we have a more steric hindrance because we have two hydrogens near to the [tex]CH_3[/tex] group. If we have more steric hindrance the molecule would be more unstable. In the equatorial positions, we don't any interactions because the [tex]CH_3[/tex] group is pointing out. If we don't have any steric hindrance the molecule will be more stable, that's why the molecule will the equatorial position.

See figure 1

I hope it helps!

Harvey kept a balloon with a volume of 348 milliliters at 25.0˚C inside a freezer for a night. When he took it out, its new volume was 322 milliliters, but its pressure was the same. If the final temperature of the balloon is the same as the freezer’s, what is the temperature of the freezer?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]T2=276K[/tex]

Explanation:

Given:

Initial volume of the balloon V1 = 348 mL

Initial temperature of the balloon T1 = 255C

Final volume of the balloon V2 = 322 mL

Final temperature of the balloon T2 =

To calculate T1 in kelvin

T1= 25+273=298K

Based on Charles law, which states that the volume of a given mass of a ideal gas is directly proportional to the temperature provided that the pressure is constant. It can be applied using the below formula

[tex](V1/T1)=(V2/T2)[/tex]

T2=( V2*T1)/V1

T2=(322*298)/348

[tex]T2=276K[/tex]

Hence, the temperature of the freezer is 276 K

Answer: 276 kelvins

Explanation:

How many moles of CO2 can be produced by the complete reaction of 1.0 g of lithium carbonate with excess hydrochloric acid (balanced chemical reaction is given below)? Li2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> 2LiCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Question 1 options: 1.7 g 1.1 g 0.60 040 g

Answers

Answer:Mass of CO2 = 0.60g

Explanation:

Given the chemical rection

Li2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> 2LiCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g

No of moles = mass / molar mass

molar mass Li2CO3 = Molecular mass  calculation: 6.941 x 2 + 12.0107 + 15.9994 x 3 =  

= 73.8909 g/mol

therefore Number of moles Li2CO3 = 1.0g / 73.89 g/mol

= 0.0135 moles Li2CO3

From our given Balanced equation,  shows that  

Li2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> 2LiCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g

1 mole Li2CO3 produces 1 mole CO2

therefore 0.0135 mol Li2CO3 will produce  0.0135 moles of CO2

Also

No of moles = mass / molar mass

Mass = No of moles x molar mass

molar mass of CO2=12.0107 + 15.9994 x 2=44.0095 g/mol

Mass of CO2= 0.0135 X 44.0095 g/mol =0.594≈0.60g

An experimenter studying the oxidation of fatty acids in extracts of liver found that when palmitate (16:0) was provided as substrate, it was completely oxidized to CO2. However, when undecanoic acid (11:0) was added as substrate, incomplete oxidation occurred unless he bubbled CO2 through the reaction mixture. The addition of the protein avidin, which binds tightly to biotin, prevented the complete oxidation of undecanoic acid even in the presence of CO2, although it had no effect on palmitate oxidation. Explain these observations in light of what you know of fatty acid oxidation reactions.

Answers

Answer:

Even-number fatty acids such as palmitate undergoes complete β-oxidation in the liver motochondria to CO₂ because the product, acetyl-CoA can enter the TCA cycle.

Oxidation of odd-number fatty acids such as undecanoic acid yields acetyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA in their last pass. Propionyl-CoA requires additional reactions including carboxylation in order to be able to enter the TCA cycle.

The reaction CO2 + propionyl-CoA ----> methylmalonyl-CoA is catalyzed by propionyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-containing enzyme, which is inhibited by avidin.  Palmitate oxidation however, does not involve carboxylation.

Explanation:

Even-number fatty acids such as palmitate undergoes complete β-oxidation in the liver motochondria to CO₂ because their oxidation product, acetyl-CoA, can enter the TCA cycle where it is oxidized to CO₂.

Undecanoic acid is an odd-number fatty acid having 11 carbon atoms. Oxidation of odd-number fatty acids such as undecanoic acid yields a five -carbon fatty acyl substrate for their last pass through β-oxidation which is oxidized and cleaved into acetyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA requires additional reactions including carboxylation in order to be able to enter the TCA cycle. Since oxidation is occuring in a liver extract, CO₂ has to be externally sourced in order for the carboxylation of propionyl-CoA to proceed and thus resulting in comlete oxidation of undecanoic acid.

The reaction CO2 + propionyl-CoA ----> methylmalonyl-CoA is catalyzed by propionyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-containing enzyme.  The role of biotin is to activate the CO₂ before its tranfer to the propionate moiety. The addition of the protein avidin prevents the complete oxidation of undecanoic acid by  binding tightly to biotin, hence inhibiting the activation and transfer of CO₂ to propionate.

Palmitate oxidation however, does not involve carboxylation, hence addition of avidin has no effect on its oxidation.

The cytochromes are heme‑containing proteins that function as electron carriers in the mitochondria. Calculate the difference in the reduction potential (ΔE∘′) and the change in the standard free energy (ΔG∘′) when the electron flow is from the carrier with the lower reduction potential to the higher. cytochrome c1 (Fe3+)+e−↽−−⇀cytochrome c1 (Fe2+)E∘′=0.22 V cytochrome c (Fe3+)+e−↽−−⇀cytochrome c (Fe2+)E∘′=0.254 V Calculate ΔE∘′ and ΔG∘′ .

Answers

Complete Question

The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image

Answer:

The change in reduction potential is  [tex]\Delta E^o=E^o_{cell} = 0.034 V[/tex]

The change in standard free energy is  [tex]\Delta G^o = -3.2805 \ KJ/mol[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

At the anode

      [tex]cytochrome \ c_1 \ (Fe^{3+}) + e^-[/tex]⇔[tex]cytochrome \ c_1 \ (Fe^{2+}) \ \ E^o = 0.22 \ V[/tex]

At the cathode

      [tex]cytochrome \ c \ (Fe^{3+}) + e^-[/tex]⇔[tex]cytochrome \ c \ (Fe^{2+}) \ \ E^o = 0.254 \ V[/tex]

The difference in the reduction potential is mathematically represented as

     [tex]\Delta E^o = E^o_{cathode} - E^o_{anode}[/tex]

substituting values

      [tex]\Delta E^o = 0.254 - 0.220[/tex]

     [tex]\Delta E^o=E^o_{cell} = 0.034 V[/tex]

The change in the standard free energy is mathematically represented as

      [tex]\Delta G^o = -n * F * E^o_{cell}[/tex]

Where  F is the Faraday constant with value  F = 96485 C

and  n i the number of the number of electron = 1

   So

       [tex]\Delta G^o = -(1) * 96485 * 0.034[/tex]

       [tex]\Delta G^o = -3.2805 \ KJ/mol[/tex]

The acetic acid/acetate buffer system is a common buffer used in the laboratory. Write the equilibrium equation for the acetic acid/acetate buffer system. The formula of acetic acid is CH3CO2H .

Answers

Answer:

CH₃CO₂H + H₂O ⇄ CH₃CO₂⁻ + H₃O⁺

Explanation:

A buffer is defined as the mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa.

For the acetic acid buffer, CH₃CO₂H is the weak acid and its conjugate base is the ion without H⁺, that is CH₃CO₂⁻. The equilibrium equation in water knowing this is:

CH₃CO₂H + H₂O ⇄ CH₃CO₂⁻ + H₃O⁺

In the equilibrium, the acid is dissociated in the conjugate base and the hydronium ion.

The acetic acid/acetate buffer system is a common buffer used in the laboratory, the equilibrium equation for the acetic acid/acetate buffer system. The formula of acetic acid is CH3CO2H -

CH₃CO₂H + H₂O ⇄ CH₃CO₂⁻ + H₃O⁺

An acid buffer is a solution that contains roughly the same concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base.

an acetate buffer contains roughly equal concentrations of acetic acid and acetate ion.Both are in chemical equilibrium with each other.

The equation is:

CH₃CO₂H + H₂O ⇄ CH₃CO₂⁻ + H₃O⁺

where CH₃CO₂H - acetic acid

and, CH₃CO₂⁻ acetate ion

Thus, CH₃CO₂H + H₂O ⇄ CH₃CO₂⁻ + H₃O⁺ is the equilibrium equation for the acetic acid/acetate buffer system.

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Duncan knows that it takes 36400 cal of energy to heat a pint of water from room temperature to boiling. However, Duncan has prepared ramen noodles so many times he does not need to measure the water carefully. If he happens to heat 0.800 pint of room-temperature water, how many kilojoules of heat energy will have been absorbed by the water at the moment it begins to boil?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{122 000 J}}[/tex]

Explanation:

1. Calculate the energy needed

[tex]\text{Energy} = \text{0.800 pt} \times \dfrac{\text{36 400 cal}}{\text{1 pt}} = \text{ 29 120 cal}[/tex]

2. Convert calories to joules

[tex]\text{Energy} = \text{29 120 cal} \times \dfrac{\text{4.184 J}}{\text{1 cal}} = \textbf{122 000 J}\\\\\text{The water will have absorbed $\large \boxed{\textbf{122 000 J}}$}[/tex]

Why need to add NaAlF6 to Al2O3?

Answers

The electrolysis of pure alumina faces some difficulties. Pure alumina is a bad conductor of electricity. The fusion temperature of pure alumina is about 2000 C and at this temperature when electrolysis is carried out on the fused mass, the metal formed vaporizes, as the boiling point of aluminium is 1800 ∘C. These difficulties are overcome by using a mixture containing alumina, cryolite (Na 3AlF 6), and fluorspar (CaF 2).


So in the electrolytic reduction of alumina, cryolite is added along with fluorspar to–
– decrease melting point of alumina
– decrease viscosity of electrolyte (CaF
2is used) – increase conductivity
Hope this helps

Look at the picture and observations below.
Observations: The bee's wings are moving very fast.
The bee's wings are much smaller than its body.
what’s the answer ?

Answers

First of all what is it asking for and second of all there is no picture of the observations, sorry can’t help with this question.

Answer:

How are bees able to fly?

Explanation:

How many moles of each product form when the given amount of each reactant completely reacts. C3H8(g)+5O2yields 3CO2(g)+4H2O(g). 4.6 moles of C3H8

Answers

Answer:  13.8 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] and 18.4 moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] will be produced

Explanation:

The given balanced reaction is;

[tex]C_3H_8(g)+5O_2(g)\rightarrow 3CO_2(g)+4H_2O(g)[/tex]

Given : 4.6 moles of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex]

According to stoichiometry :

1 mole of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] give = 3 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex]

Thus 4.6 moles of  [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] will give =[tex]\frac{3}{1}\times 4.6=13.8moles[/tex]  of [tex]CO_2[/tex]

1 mole of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex]  give =  4 moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex]

Thus 4.6 moles of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] give =[tex]\frac{4}{1}\times 4.6=18.4moles[/tex]  of [tex]H_2O[/tex]

Thus 13.8 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] and 18.4 moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] will be produced from the given moles of reactant [tex]C_3H_8[/tex]

If one contraction cycle in muscle requires 55 kJ55 kJ , and the energy from the combustion of glucose is converted with an efficiency of 35%35% to contraction, how many contraction cycles could theoretically be fueled by the complete combustion of one mole of glucose? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.

Answers

Answer:

18 moles

Explanation:

Here the combustion of one mole of glucose ----> carbon dioxide + water, releases 2870 kilojoules / moles.

_______________________________________________________

With one contraction cycle requiring 55 kilojoules,

2870 / 55 ≈ 52.18

And with the efficiency being 35 percent,

52.1818..... * 0.35 = ( About ) 18 moles

Hope that helps!

The diagram below shows that the periodic table is divided into different blocks.

A periodic table is shown. The main table consists of seven rows; two additional rows are shown below. In each block, the first column is labeled and the remaining columns are empty. The s-block is shaded in yellow and comprises the first two columns, plus one cell at the far side of the table. The first column has seven rows with entries 1 s, 2 s, 3 s, 4 s, 5 s, 6 s, and 7 s. A lone cell labeled 1 s appears at the top far right corner, aligned with the 1 s cell in the first column. The d-block is shaded in blue and contains 10 columns and 3 or 4 rows. The first column is directly to the right of the s-block. The first entry in the first d-block column aligns with the 4 s block, and is labeled 3d; further entries in that column are 4 d, 5 d, and 6 d. The first three columns in the block are four entries long; the remaining columns are three entries long, losing the bottom entry. The p-block is shaded in orange, and has 6 columns and 5 rows. The top row aligns with the 2 s block; entrie

Elements that have complete valence electron shells are mostly found in the
s block.
d block.
p block.

Answers

Answer:

p block.

Explanation:

jus took the test

Answer:

c p block

Explanation:

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