Out of the choices provided above, it can be concluded to state that the efficient scale is quantity of output that minimizes the average total costs of the firm. Therefore, the option A holds true.
The average total costs can be referred to or considered as the summation of all the costs incurred by a producer in the process of production of its goods and/or services. It is the aggregate of the fixed costs as well as the variable costs of the firm, which show the efficiency of the firm during a given particular period.
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Blair and Chanel are holders of common stock in Discount Retail Stores, Inc. Like other holders of common stock, they have a residual position in the overall financial structure of Discount Retail, because they
a. reside in the state of the firm’s incorporation.
b. have priority to the firm’s assets if it becomes insolvent.
c. are guaranteed to receive more than the amount of their investment.
d. are the last to receive returns for their investment.
they have a residual position in the overall financial structure of Discount Retail, because they
d. are the last to receive returns for their investment.
Financial Structure definition.
The combination of debt and equity that a company uses to finance its operations is referred to as financial structure. The risk and worth of the related business are directly impacted by this composition. Determining the ideal ratio of debt to equity to optimize the financial structure is the responsibility of the company's financial managers.
Generally speaking, a company's capital structure can also be referred to as its financial structure. Depending on the circumstances, assessing the financial structure might also involve choosing between running a private or public company and the associated capital opportunities.
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Several years ago, Tamika Company issued bonds with a face value of $603,000 at par. As a result of declining interest rates, the company has decided to call the bond at a call premium of 7 percent over par.
Required:
Record the retirement of the bonds.
Bonds will have a $645,210 recorded retirement.
What are Bonds?A bond is a fixed-income investment that simulates a loan from a shareholder to a borrower (typically corporate or governmental). An I.O.U. between the lender and borrower that specifies the terms of the loan and its instalments is what is meant by a bond. Bonds are sold in bond market.
Explanation:
The following entry in the journal represents the retirement of bonds:
Payable bonds: $603,000
$700,000 x 0.07% = $42,210 for the premium over par.
Cash: $645,210 (Being the retirement of the bond is recorded)
In order to properly record this journal entry, we debited the bond payable account, credited the cash account, and recorded a loss on the bond call account.
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the of a sales message should be introduced early in the message, interwoven throughout the evidence section, and included in the last paragraph as an emphatic, final reminder of the reason for taking action.
The central selling point of a sales message should be introduced early in the message.
A compelling message's main selling point, often known as the message's theme, runs throughout the text as a unifying thread.
The defense of children from adult scenes is the main selling point of a convincing email commercial for pop-up ad blocker software. The primary selling point ought to be emphasized repeatedly throughout the presentation.
A desirable trait or feature that something has that increases the likelihood that people will want to purchase it is referred to as a selling point.
The marketing tactic of telling clients of how one's own brand or product is superior to rivals is known as the unique selling proposition, also known as the unique selling point or the unique value proposition in the business model canvas.
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suming six cds, then the consumer's marginal utility is: question content area bottom part 1 a. increasing. b. constant. c. decreasing. d. increasing at an increasing rate.
The marginal utility is the change in total utility that occurs whenever a consumer uses or consumes an additional unit of a good or service, according to the theory of a consumer.
The following factors determine the marginal utility of an additional unit used:
MU=TUnTUn1, where MU is the marginal utility, TUn is the total utility at a given number, and TUn1 is the total utility at the previous number. For example,
if a consumer consumes four CDs, 45 CDs, and 48 CDs, then the marginal utility from the sixth CD is equal to the total utility derived at six CD minus the total utility at five CD:
MU=48−45=3utils.
The added satisfaction a consumer experiences from purchasing one more unit of a product or service is known as marginal utility.Economists use the idea of marginal utility to figure out how much a product consumers are willing to buy.Progressive taxation is frequently justified by citing the law of diminishing marginal utility.
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the project management institute (pmi) administers a globally recognized, examination-based professional certification program. how many levels are there?
The Project Management Institute (PMI) administers a globally recognized, examination-based professional certification program and there are 2 levels.
Project Management Institute (PMI) is that the leading association for project management, and therefore the authority for a growing world community of countless project professionals and people who use project management skills. PMI serves quite 5 million professionals together with over 680,000 members in 217 countries and territories round the world, with 304 chapters and fourteen,000 volunteers serving native members in over one hundred eighty countries.
The Project Management skilled (PMP)® certification program is a globally recognized project management certification that tests a candidate's ability to manage the folks, processes, and business priorities of knowledgeable project.
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a new partner enters a partnership, and goodwill is calculated and credited to the original partners. how is the specific amount of goodwill assigned to these partners?
Goodwill is calculated by subtracting the purchase price from the difference between the fair market value of the company's assets and liabilities.
How is goodwill in a partnership determined?The amount of goodwill is determined by subtracting the net identifiable assets purchased from the total consideration given from the acquirer to the acquiree.
How is the goodwill adjustment in a transaction calculated?Goodwill Formula = Consideration paid + Fair Value of Non-Controlling Interests + Fair Value of Equity Previous Interests - Fair Value of Net Assets Recognized is how goodwill is calculated.
What are the procedures for determining goodwill?The formula can be used to calculate it. Goodwill equals Average Profit times the number of years since purchase.
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If ABC Company issues 100 of its $1,000 bonds at a price of 110, the journal entry using the net method will include which of the following entries?
a. A debit to interest expense of $10,000
b. A debit to cash of $90,000
c. A debit to cash of $110,000
d. A credit to bonds payable of $110,000
Option C is the correct answer here. Bonds payable appear on the legal responsibility side of the company's balance sheet. Generally, bonds payable fall in the non-current category of liabilities.
What is the journal entry for recording the bond maturity?Make a journal entry at bond maturity.
When the bond comes to maturity, the face value is given to the investor in cash. The journal entry for recording the maturation of a bond calls for a credit score to Cash and a debit to Bonds Payable, each in the amount of the bond's face value.
How do you calculate bonds payable?It is calculated by means of multiplying the $11,246 (carrying price of the bonds) times 10% (market activity rate) × / (semiannual payment). The amount of pastime paid is $600 ($10,000 face value of bonds × 12% coupon activity rate × / semiannual payments).
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https://brainly.com/question/25596583#SPJ4smathers corporation stock has a beta of 1.11. the market risk premium is 7.80 percent and the risk-free rate is 3.24 percent annually. what is the company's cost of equity?
The company's cost of equity is = 11.90%
The pay that the financial markets demand from a company in order to possess the asset and assume the risk of ownership is referred to as the cost of equity. The capital asset pricing model is one tool corporations and investors can use to assess the cost of equity (CAPM).
Depending on the parties involved, there are two distinct ideas referred to as the "cost of equity." The required rate of return on an equity investment, if you're the investor, is known as the cost of equity. If you are the business, the required rate of return on a certain project or investment is determined by the cost of equity.
We have,
Cost of equity=risk free rate+ Beta× market risk premium
=3.24+(1.11×7.8)
=3.24+8.658
=11.90%
Therefore the company's cost of equity is 11.90%.
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when applicants can obtain employment prior to being a union member, but are required to join the union within a certain amount of time, this is known as a(n)
Union shops exist when job candidates are permitted to work without becoming a union member but are forced to do so within a set period of time.
What is meant by employment?
In most cases, the term "employment" refers to the condition of holding a paying career being employed. A person is paid to work when they are employed. Employees are employed by an employer.
What are the seven different sorts of work?
Seven prevalent categories of staff
Full-time. Full-time workers often receive a fixed income and are required to put in a certain amount of hours each week.Part-time.Contract.independently employed.Temporary.On-call.Volunteer.To know more about Employment visit:
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suppose happy dog soap company is evaluating a proposed capital budgeting project (project alpha) that will require an initial investment of $500,000. the project is expected to generate the following net cash flows: year cash flow year 1 $300,000 year 2 $475,000 year 3 $500,000 year 4 $450,000 happy dog soap company’s weighted average cost of capital is 7%, and project alpha has the same risk as the firm’s average project. based on the cash flows, what is project alpha’s net present value (npv)?
Project Alpha's net present value (NPV) is $946,525.
What is the net present value?The net present value is the difference between the present values of cash outflows and inflows.
The present value represents the discounted future values of cash flows.
Discounting future values at an interest rate for a period reduces them to their current value, which removes the effects of the time value of money and inflation, making the present values to be comparable.
Weighted cost of capital = 7%
Year Cash Flows PV Factor Present Value
at 7%
0 -$500,000 1 ($500,000)
1 $300,000 0.935 280,500
2 $475,000 0.873 414,675
3 $500,000 0.816 408,000
4 $450,000 0.763 343,350
Net present value $946,525
Thus, Project Alpha has a positive NPV of $946,525 and should be accepted.
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dion company reports the absorption costing income statement below for may. the company began the month with no finished goods inventory. dion produced 23,800 units, and 3,900 units remain in ending finished goods inventory for may. fixed overhead was $47,600. variable selling and administration expenses were $49,000 and fixed selling and administrative expenses were $29,400. sales (19,900 units) $ 597,000 cost of goods sold 496,000 gross profit 101,000 selling and administrative expenses 78,400 income $ 22,600 prepare an income statement using variable costing.
An income statement using variable costing is Income is $19,700.
Variable costing is a technique that handiest assigns variable fees to inventory. This technique manner that all overhead prices are charged to rate within the length incurred, even as direct materials and variable overhead costs are assigned to stock.
Variable costing is a managerial accounting value idea. under this approach, manufacturing overhead is incurred in the length that a product is produced. This addresses the problem of absorption costing that permits profits to upward push as manufacturing rises.
A variable cost is a corporate price that adjustments in share to how a great deal a company produces or sells. Variable expenses growth or lower depending on a organization's production or sales quantity—they rise as manufacturing increases and fall as manufacturing decreases.
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classroom diversity: an introduction to student differences iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/div/cr assess assessment take some time now to answer the following questions. please note that the iris center does not collect your assessment responses. if this is a course assignment, you should turn them in to your professor using whatever method he or she requires. if you have trouble answering any of the questions, go back and review the perspectives
Diversity refers to anything that sets people apart from one another. This encompasses a wide range of variables, such as race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, ability, religious conviction, age, or political ideology.
It's crucial to have a strategy for classroom management since it fosters orderly learning environments and is the only way to enforce discipline. If the teacher has a good management strategy in place that she can put into practice in the classroom, many behavioral difficulties may be addressed.
She will be able to focus on the subject she is teaching, which will aid pupils in understanding the material. Instilling consistency in the kids will aid the instructor in helping them do better on tests.
The rules, procedures, appropriate conduct, attitudes, and an action plan are the most crucial components of this plan, and the instructor should explain to the students how this action plan will advance their development.
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bichon company purchased equipment for $6,720 on december 1. it is estimated that annual depreciation on the equipment will be $1,680. if financial statements are to be prepared on december 31, the company should make the following adjusting entry:
The company should make the following adjusting entry Debit Depreciation Expense, $140; Credit Accumulated Depreciation, $140.
A corporation, often known as co., is a legal entity that stands for a group of individuals with a certain goal who are either natural, legal, or a combination of the two. Members of the company work together for a shared cause in order to accomplish clearly stated objectives. Companies come in a variety of shapes.
So that the business itself has limited responsibility as members fulfil or fail to fulfil their obligations in accordance with the publicly stated incorporation, or published policy, a company may be established as a legal entity. It may be necessary to liquidate a company after it closed in order to discharge any outstanding debts. Corporate groupings are the ensuing entities that develop when corporations join forces and register themselves as new businesses.
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in the market for bank credit, a large bank sometimes announces a change in interest rates. after the changes in interest rates are announced, other banks in the industry usually react by changing their rates in the same way. this is an example of:
After the changes in interest rates are announced, other banks in the industry usually react by changing their rates in the same way. This is an example of Implicit collusion.
What is Implicit collusion?
Acts taken by rival businesses usually oligopolistic ones in a market that is intended to be controlled, priced higher, and generally behave like a monopoly that appear to be independent but are actually taking place simultaneously. The defining characteristic of implicit collusion, also known as tacit collusion, is the absence of any express agreement. One of two varieties of collusion exists here.
When two or more businesses work together to monopolise a market without making a formal or explicit agreement, this is known as implicit collusion.
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gsabrina goes to costco to purchase food for her upcoming 4th of july party. while at costco, she samples some of their frozen brie cheese appetizers, which a costco employee takes out of the package and then cooks to show customers what the product is. sabrina decides to purchase the item based on trying the sample. at her party, she notices that the product she
Assuming that Sabrina purchased the same product she tried, her best argument for returning the product for a refund would be: That Costco breached the covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Option b
What is covenant of good faith and fair dealing?In general, the obligation of good faith and fair dealing entails, among other things, that parties cannot, among other things, evade the spirit of the agreement, show negligence or procrastination, perform incorrectly on purpose, abuse their position of authority when defining the terms of a contract, or obstruct or refuse to cooperate in the performance of the other party.
Every contract immediately contains the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, which cannot be waived by the parties.
The idea of "implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing," which came into existence in the middle of the 19th century to prevent parties from taking unfair advantage of one another in contract negotiations, serves as the foundation for good faith negotiations in U.S. contract law.
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Sabrina goes to Costco to purchase food for her upcoming 4th of July party. While at Costco, she samples some of their frozen brie cheese appetizers, which a Costco employee takes out of the package and then cooks to show customers what the product is. Sabrina decides to purchase the item based on trying the sample. At her party, she notices that the product she purchased tastes extremely different and has a different cook time. Assuming that Sabrina purchased the same product she tried, what would be her best argument for returning the product for a refund?
That Costco breached an express condition
That Costco breached the covenant of good faith and fair dealing
That Costco breached a condition subsequent as she purchased the goods after trying a sample
That Costco breached the implied warranty of merchantability
a-rod fishing supplies had sales of $2,860,000 and cost of goods sold of $1,930,000. selling and administrative expenses represented 11 percent of sales. depreciation was 6 percent of the total assets of $4,090,000. what was the firm’s operating profit?
The estimated operational profit for the company is $370,000.
What is included in selling costs?Selling expenses include things like shipping, insurance, and logistics fees for distribution. expenditure on social media, website upkeep, and advertising are all examples of marketing expenses. Selling costs such as salary, commissions, and petty cash.
What does depreciation mean when it refers to selling and administrative costs?Depreciation expense for the accounting periods will be recognised for assets used in the business but not directly involved in the production process. Depreciation of these assets will typically be included in a company's selling, general, and administrative costs (SG&A).
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Generally, the maximum debt-to-income ratio that qualifies as healthy is ______%.
You probably have a fair amount of monthly income to spend toward investments or savings if your DTI ratio is 36% or lower. For most lenders, you are a sure bet to be able to afford the monthly payments on a new loan or line of credit.
What is the DTI (debt-to-income ratio)?Your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) measures the percentage of your monthly income that is used to pay down debt. It relates specifically to the portion of your gross monthly income (pre-tax) that is used to pay off debts like rent, a mortgages, credit cards, and other obligations.
What happens if I have a high debt to income ratio?Higher DTI borrowers will have a hard time being accepted for a mortgage. Too much debt may be an indication that you might miss a payment or go into default on the loan. Lenders want to know that you can make your monthly mortgage payments.
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note: the tax brackets and marginal tax rates in 2020 were nearly identical to those in 2018. instructions: enter your responses as a whole number. how much tax did the bidens pay in 2018 on:
(a) The tax that the Biden's pay in 2018 on the first $9,000 of taxable income is $900.
According to the tax computation table, an income ranging from $0 to $9,875 is taxed at 10%.
This means that the first $9,000 of taxable income is taxed at a rate of 10%.
Determine the tax amount - Tax amount = $9,000 * 0.10 = $900
Thus, the Bidens paid $900 in tax in 2018 on the first $9,000 of taxable income.
(b) The tax that the Biden's pay in 2018 on the first $9,000 of taxable income is $3,330.
The Bidens' taxable income in 2018 was $4,266,086.
The Bidens' taxable income is in the tax bracket with a 37% tax rate.
This means that the final $9,000 of taxable income is taxed at 37%.
Determine the tax amount - Tax amount = $9,000 * 0.37 = $3,330
Thus, the Bidens paid $3,330 in tax on the last $9,000 of taxable income in 2018.
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Katie company issues $14 million in bonds. The bonds are well received by investors solely based on the excellent reputation and past performance of the company, its products, and its executives. Katie most likely is issuing a(n) _______ bond.
unsecured
secured
Katie most likely is issuing a debenture bond.
A debenture bond is a bond that is not secured by the issuer's assets. Instead, the bond is only backed by the issuer's reputation and integrity. To compensate investors for the increased risk of not having their funds repaid, this type of bond typically bears a higher rate of interest than a secured bond.
Debentures can pay periodic interest payments, which are also known as coupon payments. Debentures, like other types of bonds, are documented in an indenture. An indenture is a legally enforceable agreement between bond issuers and bondholders. The contract specifies the terms of a debt offering, such as the maturity date, the timing of interest or coupon payments, the method of calculating interest, and other details. Governments and companies both have the authority to issue debentures.
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the product regularly sells for $45. a new potential customer has offered to pay $40 each for 2,000 units. this order is well within the normal capacity of production. if company y accepts the customer's offer, what is the effect on the net income of company y? a. $34,000 increase b. $12,000 increase c. $40,000 increase d. $24,000 increase e. $10,000 decrease
Company Y's net income has decreased by $10,000.
What factors impact a business's net income?Net income (NI), also termed net earnings, is determined as sales minus cost of products sold, selling, general and administration expenditures, operational expenses, depreciation, interest, taxes, and other expenses.
What is net income, and how does it impact the value in accounting?A company's net income is the outcome of its sales and gains less its costs and losses. Net loss is the term used to describe a poor outcome. (A few gains and losses are not taken into account when calculating net income. They do, however, include comprehensive income.
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which of the types of resources needed for an e-business is most likely to receive from a venture capitalist?
Generally speaking, they favor making investments in companies that are already profitable and have received large stock investments from the founders. venture financing
What is the main reason a company uses social media, according to quizlet?Social media is used by businesses most frequently because it gives them market intelligence. Social media usage that involves asking customers for fresh suggestions for goods or services is unethical.
Who provides the bulk of new small enterprises with start-up financing?Personal funds, banks, investment companies, or subsidies from the government can all be used to finance capital projects. According to the most recent data, 19% of entrepreneurs use a bank loan as launch money, while 75% of entrepreneurs fund their new businesses with personal resources. The role of unofficial funding sources is significant.
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factor company estimates that producing a unit of product would require $7.90 per unit of direct materials and $23.90 per unit of direct labor. factor company normally applies overhead using a predetermined overhead rate of 150% of direct labor cost. factor company estimates incremental overhead of $13.83 per unit of product. an outside supplier offers to provide factor company with all the units it needs at a price of $43.63 per unit. factor company should choose to:
Factor Company should choose to C. Buy it since the relevant cost to make it is $45.63.
What is the relevant cost?The relevant cost refers to the avoidable cost incurred only when making specific business decisions.
While relevant costs can be avoided, irrelevant costs are unavoidable and must be incurred no matter the decision taken.
Relevant costs are also known as differential costs because they make a difference between choices.
Make-or-buy decisions are based on relevant or differential costs.
Make-or-Buy Analysis:Make Buy Differential
Relevant costs:Direct materials $7.90
Direct labor 23.90
Incremental overhead 13.83
Relevant costs per unit $45.63 $43.63 $2.00 ($45.63 - $43.63)
Thus, Factor should buy instead of producing because buying reduces the relevant costs by $2.00 per unit.
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Question Completion with Answer Options:A. Buy it since the relevant cost to make it is $67.65.
B. Make it since the relevant cost to make it is $45.63.
C. Buy it since the relevant cost to make it is $45.63.
D. Make it since the relevant cost to make it is $34.00.
if income increases by $250 million as a result of a $50 million autonomous increase in investment spending, how large is the multiplier? group of answer choices $50 million $200 million 25 5
The economic multiplier would be 1/.25 or 4, so the most growth of the money furnish is $200 million [4 x $50 million].
What is intended by means of self reliant multiplier?The ratio of GDP change to adjustments in person autonomous expenditure is described as the multipliers of those expenditures. So, we have a multiplier of public expenditure, an investment multiplier and an export multiplier.
How do you find the self sustaining multiplier?The expenditure multiplier indicates what have an impact on a trade in autonomous spending will have on complete spending and mixture demand in the economy. To find the expenditure multiplier, divide the final trade in real GDP by means of the change in autonomous spending.
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https://brainly.com/question/14406221#SPJ4which of the following best describes george washington's views on political parties? group of answer choices necessity for the functioning of democracy tradition from colonial times that would always exist threat to national unity and popular government legitimate means for interest groups to attempt to gain control of the government vestige of politics under great britain and thus a thing of the past
George Washington saw political parties as a threat to national unity and popular government.
Washington recognizes that it is natural for people to organize and operate in groups like political parties, but every government sees political parties as enemies, and political parties outnumber other groups. He claims that he has tried to suppress political parties because of their tendency to do things.
Washington believed that political parties beyond factional struggle could lead to the establishment of tyranny. The alternating domination of one faction over another is in itself a terrifying tyranny, no surprise to the disagreements of political parties that have waged the most horrific outrages of all ages and nations.
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which refusal technique is successfully used in the body of this message to reduce the impact of the refusal? placing the refusal in a subordinate clause embedding the refusal in a short paragraph implying the refusal
employing the active voice to imply the refusal while presenting the bad news in a subordinate clause that suggests a compromise or an alternative
What does active voice example mean?Many languages around the world use the grammatical structure known as the active voice. It is the unmarked voice for transitive verb clauses in nominative-accusative languages, such as English and the majority of other Indo-European languages. The subject is acting in the active voice: The dog is chasing the ball. Take note of how the dog, the subject of the action, is pursuing the ball, the target of the action. This is a straightforward illustration of the active voice.
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southgate co. paid the in-transit insurance premium for consignment goods shipped to hendon co., the consignee. in addition, southgate advanced part of the commissions that will be due when hendon sells the goods. should southgate include the in-transit insurance premium and the advanced commissions in inventory costs?
The insurance premium should be included in the inventory costs while the advanced commissions should not be added in inventory costs.
Within an organization or frim, for keeping the records of all the transactions and the revenue, an inventory cost is maintained by the firm. The inventory is the place within the firm where all the goods are kept which are ready to be shipped from the company. The inventory cost includes all the expenses incurred while transporting any goods but the advanced payments are not included in the inventory cost. So, the in transit insurance premium paid by the Southgate Co. will be counted in the inventory cost while the advance payment done by the Southgate co. will not be considered in the inventory cost.
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when using a personal finance system with multiple bank accounts, which account should be electronically linked to all of your other accounts?
Banks and other financial organizations provide specific services including personal loans, deposit acceptance, and draft-enable accounts.
Which services do finance companies typically not offer?Contrary to a bank, a finance company does not take consumer cash deposits or provide specific banking services like checking accounts.
Financial intermediary institutions: what are they?Financial intermediaries typically serve as middlemen in deals involving banks or funds. These middlemen lower transaction costs and contribute to the creation of efficient markets. Although they might provide leasing or factoring services, intermediaries do not accept public deposits.
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what is arbitrage? why does the internal revenue service place strict limits on the amount of arbitrage that a municipality can earn
To avoid undermining the "subsidy" provided to state and local governments in the form of tax-exempt status, the Internal Revenue Service imposes strict limits on the amount of arbitrage that governments can earn.
The internal rate of return (IRR), a financial analysis metric, is used to calculate the profitability of potential investments. IRR is a discount rate used in discounted cash flow analyses to set the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows to zero.
The ultimate goal of IRR is to find the rate of discount that equalizes the present value of the total annual nominal cash inflows with the initial net cash outlay of the investment.
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12-5 a major industrialized state has a state corporate tax rate of 9.6% of taxable income, if a corporation has a state taxable income of $275,000 what is the total state and federal income tax it must pay? also compute its combined incremental state and federal income tax rate
Income tax is taxed directly on the income of a person or company. It takes into account the circumstances or income level of the individual or business. Directly, the income tax of Verona can be based on one of these tax systems: progressive, proportional or regressive.
The amount of state tax for :
State Tax = $150,000 * 0.096
State Tax = $14,400
The federal taxable income is:
The federal taxable income = $150,000 - $14,400
The federal taxable income = $135,600
Now, using the table with the federal tax brackets, it can be seen that the tax rate for incomes between 100,000 - 335,000 is 39% or 22,250 + 39% over 100,000. Thus,
Federal Tax = $22,250 + 0.39 ($135,600 - $100,000)
Federal Tax = $36,134
Therefore,
Total Tax = Total State Tax + Federal Tax
Total Tax = $14,400 + $36,134
Total Tax = $50,534
Hence,
The combined incremental state and federal income tax rate = 0.096 + 0.39 (1 - 0.096)
The combined incremental state and federal income tax rate = 0.4486 or 44.86%
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what values to choose from when doing hyperparameter tuning for selecting lambda for lasso regression
A hyperparameter is used called “lambda” that controls the weighting of the penalty to the loss function. A default value of 1.0 will give full weightings to the penalty; a value of 0 excludes the penalty. Very small values of lambda, such as 1e-3 or smaller, are common.
A hyperparameter in machine learning is a parameter whose value is utilized to regulate the learning process. Other factors, such as node weights, however, have values that are obtained by training.
Model hyperparameters, which refer to the model selection task and cannot be inferred while fitting the machine to the training set, and algorithm hyperparameters, which in theory have no bearing on the performance of the model but affect the speed and quality of learning, are two categories of hyperparameters. The topology and size of a neural network are two instances of model hyperparameters. Algorithm hyperparameters include things like learning rate, batch size, and mini-batch size.
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