The diagram below represents some stages in the life cycle of humans. The numbers in the diagram represent various processes in the cycle.




Identify the process(es) represented by 1 and 2. State how these processes (1 and 2) affect the amount of genetic information provided by a parent to its offspring.

Answer:

The diagram below represents some stages in the life cycle of humans. The numbers in the diagram represent various processes in the cycle.

1. "The processes reduce the amount of genetic information from each parent by half."

During sexual reproduction, a specialized cell division process called meiosis occurs. Meiosis involves two consecutive divisions, resulting in the production of four haploid cells (gametes) from a diploid cell.

2. "Each parent only contributes half of the genetic information that is contained in his or her own cells."

As mentioned earlier, meiosis results in the formation of haploid gametes. Each gamete contains only one set of chromosomes, which is half the number found in the parent's diploid cells.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up, and genetic recombination occurs between them, shuffling and exchanging genetic information.

3. "Each egg (or each sperm) will carry only half of the genetic information contained in the parent's body cells."

This statement reiterates that gametes (eggs or sperm) are haploid cells containing only one set of chromosomes. When a cell undergoes meiosis to produce gametes, it divides twice, resulting in four cells with half the genetic information of the parent's body cells.

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