The ________ describes the location of electrons and the ________ describes the location of atoms.

The process is a change of state, dissolving, or a chemical reaction, the total mass of the substances does not change.

French chemist Antoine Lavoisier established the law of conservation of mass in 1789. According to the rule of conservation of mass, a chemical process cannot generate or destroy matter.

For instance, when wood burns, the mass of the gases, soot, and ashes is equal to the amount of the charcoal and oxygen before the reaction began. Thus, the mass of the reactant and the mass of the product are equal. A product is the material created as a result of a chemical reaction, whereas a reactant is the chemical reaction of two or more elements to create a new substance. Although matter and the associated mass cannot be generated or destroyed, they can change into other substances such as liquids, gases, and solids.

Hence, the process is a change of state, dissolving, or a chemical reaction, the total mass of the substances does not change.

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Answer:

the answer is double replacement

would be to identify calcite by use of double refraction. Light splits into two rays and undergoes twofold refraction when it passes through calcite. We can recognize calcite by these.

Marble and limestone are primarily composed of calcite. The Earth's crust is largely composed of these extremely common rocks. They are one of the world's largest carbon storage areas. Calcite is one of the most often utilized minerals due to its unique features. Although calcite reacts with HCl impressively, the main application of this reaction in the field is to distinguish between limestone and dolostone. My recommendation is to identify calcite by use of double refraction. When light travels through calcite, it is refracted twice.

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Reflux is a laboratory method for heating a mixture without losing a lot of solution. Refluxing a mixture is used to hasten and/or induce a reaction.

Reflux is used to achieve stage-by-stage equilibrium heat and mass transfer, which leads to the purification of the top product, by bringing down-flowing liquid in the rectification section into contact with the up-flowing vapor.

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In this problem we are given values of Wα and WFe3C for an iron-carbon alloy (0.88 and 0.12,respectively), and then are asked to specify whether the alloy is hypoeutectoid or hypereutectoid.

Employment of the lever rule for total α leads to

W[tex]\alpha[/tex] = 0.88 =  [tex]\frac{CFe3C- C0}{CFe3C - \alpha }[/tex] = [tex]\frac{6.70 -C0}{6.70- 0.022}[/tex]

Now, solving for C0, the alloy composition, leads to C0 = 0.82 wt% C. Therefore, the alloy is hypereutectoid since C0 is greater than 0.76 wt% C.

What is the protectoid phase?

The term proeutectoid refers to a phase that develops (on cooling) before eutectoid austenite decomposes. It is similar to primary solids in that it is the first phase to solidify after the austenite phase has solidified.

How do you find the Proeutectoid phase?

On a phase diagram, the proeutectic point is the temperature at which the mixture transforms into a mixture of two solids. There are two proeutectic temperatures. One happens at 1587°C, where everything over this temperature is liquid.

Hence above given is a correct answer.

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This reaction's enthalpy change will be twice that of bromine monochloride's, BrCl, typical enthalpy change of production.

What does enthalpy mean in plain English?

Enthalpy is a property or state function that resembles energy; it has the same dimensions as energy and is therefore measured in joules or ergs. The value of enthalpy is solely dependent on the temperature, pressure, or composition of the system, not on its history.

Entropy vs. enthalpy: what are they?

Entropy is indeed the amount the intrinsic disorder inside a substance, whereas enthalpy is the quantity of internal energy. Enthalpy becomes nonzero for water because it is zero in elemental compounds like hydrogen gas or oxygen gas (regardless of phase).

Briefing:

1/2Br2(g) + 1/2Cl2(g) → BrCl(g)

Here, ΔH°rxn = ΔH°f

This means that the enthalpy change for this reaction will be twice the value of ΔH°f = 2 moles BrCl

Using Hess' law,

ΔH°f = total energy of reactant - total energy of product

= (1/2 * (+112) + 1/2 * (+121)) - 14.7

= 101.8 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = 101.8 kJ/mol.

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The one mole of an ideal gas does 2900J of work on surroundings as it expands isothermally. The initial volume of a gas is 8.0 L.

FIrst find out the temperature of a gas using ideal gas law which is

PV=nRT

For ideal gas, n=1 and R=0.08206 Latm/molK, V=25.0L, P=1atm

Rearrange the formula for T

T=PV/nR

Plug all values in the formula

T=(1.00atm×25.0L×molK/1mol×0.08206Latm)

T=25.00 K/0.08206

T=304.65K

The work done for isothermal condition is calculated as

W=2.303nRTlog(V₂/V₁)

Where V₂=25.0L, R=8.314 J/molK, n=1 mol, T=304.65K, V₁=?, W=2900J

Plug all values in the formula

2900J=2.303×1mol×(8.314J/molK)×304.65K×log(25/V₁)

2900J=5833.1768J×log(25/V₁)

log(25/V₁)=(2900 J/5833.1768 J)

log(25/V₁)=0.49716

Take antilog on both side

25/V₁=10^0.49716

25/V₁=3.14167

V₁=(25/3.14167)

V₁=7.95755 L

V₁=8.0 L

Therefore, the initial volume of a gas is 8.0 L.

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reaction between an alkyne and one equivalent of hcl . 3 methyl pent 1 yne or 3 methyl 1 pentyne is treated with h c l to give the product. the structure shows a 5 carbon chain where there is a triple bond between carbons 1 and 2 and a methyl substituent on carbon 3.

An inorganic chemical is HCL. The chemical name for it is HCl, and it is a potent corrosive acid. It is also referred to as muriatic acid or hydrogen chloride. Chemically, carbon is an element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. Carbon, which is categorized as a nonmetal, is a solid at ambient temperature.

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The best indicator for the pH of 4 x 10⁻⁴ M HCl would be bromocresol purple which is yellow at the pH of HCl = 3.4.

Ka for acetic acid = [H₃O⁺][A⁻]/[HA]

knowing pH,

pH = -log[H₃O⁺]

[H₃O⁺] = [A⁻]

and, [HA] concentration we can determine Ka for each solution

for basic salts as

Na₂CO₃, the net ionic equation would be,

(CO₃)₂⁻ + H₂O <==> HCO₃⁻ + OH⁻

NaHCO3, the net ionic equation would be,

HCO₃⁻ + H₂O <==> H₂CO₃ + OH⁻

similarly, other salts which give OH- ion in solution is basic and the ones that give H₃O⁺ in solution are acidic in nature,

acidic salts like NH₄⁺

NH₄⁺ + H₂O <=> NH₃ + H₃O⁺

Hence, the best indicator for the pH of 4 x 10⁻⁴ M HCl would be bromocresol purple which is yellow at the pH of HCl = 3.4.

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for the following unbalanced equation.5800 kj is  the standard free energy for the reaction of 7. 2 moles of al2o3(s) at 298k

 First, let's balance the equation. Both sides must have the same amount of each element, so: Al₂O(s) + 3CO(g) 2Al(s) + 3CO2(g)

The free energy can be calculated by: AG = AH-TAS Where AH is the enthalpy of the reaction, and AS is the entropy of the reaction.

Al2O3(s): Hf=-1676.0 kJ/mol; S = 50.92 J/mol.K Al(s): Hf = 0.00; S° = 28.3 J/mol.K

CO(g): Hf=-110.5 kJ/mol; S = 197.6 J/mol.K

CO2(g): Hf=-393.5 kJ/mol; S = 213.6 J/mol.K

AH = Σn*Hf products - En*Hf reactants (n is the coefficient of the compound).

AH = (3*(-393.5) + 2*0) - (3*(-110.5) + (-1676)) = 827KJ

AS = {n*S* products - Σn*S° reactants

AS = (3*213.6 +2*28.3) - (3*197.6 + 50.92) = 53.68J/K = 0.05368 kJ/K

AG 827-298*0.05368 AG = 811 KJ

Which is the free energy for 1 mol of Al2O3

1 mol of Al2O3=811 KJ X 7.2 moles of Al2O3

By a simple direct three rule:  standard free energy is x = 5839.2 kJ = 5800 kJ

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As pco2 levels were increased, the concentration of a Nitrogen gas in the inhaled air was decreased in order to maintain the oxygen levels.

Atomic number 7 and the letter N designate nitrogen as the chemical element. Group 15 of the periodic table, also known as the pnictogens, contains Nitrogen gas as the lightest nonmetal element. It ranks seventh in overall abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System, making it a common element in the cosmos. When conducting a chemical analysis, Nitrogen gas is frequently used to prepare samples.

With an atomic number of 8 and the chemical symbol O, oxygen is the eighth chemical element. It belongs to the chalcogen group in the periodic table, is a very reactive nonmetal, and is an oxidising agent that easily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. With an atomic number of 8 and the chemical symbol O, oxygen is the eighth chemical element.

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If 5 mole no2 react with 1 mole h2o, then 4  moles of the excess reactant (N2O) remains when the reaction is complete

N2O + H2O → 2 HNO

1 mole of N2O reacts with 1 mole of H2O.

if 5 mole N2O reacts with 1  mole of H2O, then 4 mole of mole N2O remains, thus concludes  N2O is excess reactant.

A balanced chemical equation's molar amounts of the reactants and products are displayed. In the real world, reactants are rarely combined in precisely the right ratio. One reactant will completely exhaust before the others. A reaction's limiting reactant is the one that is used up first. Once the other reactants have been consumed to some extent, the remaining amount is considered "in excess."

To determine which reactant is the limiting one, determine the volume of the product that each reactant produced. The reactant with the lowest product yield is the limiting reactant.

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The hydrogen atoms are in the first excited state at room temperature.

The hydrogen atom is the best of all atoms: it consists of a single proton and a single electron. in addition to the most not unusual shape of the hydrogen atom, which is known as protium,  other isotopes of hydrogen exist in deuterium and tritium.

A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical detail hydrogen. The electrically impartial atom consists of an unmarried definitely charged proton and a negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus via the Coulomb force. Atomic hydrogen constitutes about seventy five% of the baryonic mass of the universe.

Hydrogen, H, is a pretty flammable gasoline and the maximum commonplace aspect of the universe. it is the lightest element ever and is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. it's also in maximum organic compounds.

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Answer:

Crack Repair

Explanation:

The process of filling a damaged, broken, lifted, or cracked monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancement with additional monomer liquid and polymer powder is called crack repair.

A polymer can be natural or synthetic substance, composed of very large molecules that are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.

There are 3 major classes of polymers –

Thermoplastics,

Thermosets, and

Elastomers.

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Answer:

In order of decreasing acceleration experienced by each ship, the names of the ships are as follows:

Viceroy

Standard

Skipjack

Thunderor

Eden

The Molecular formula of Decane is C10H22

Combustion of Decane as follows ;                                                            C10H22 (l) + O2 (g) ==>  CO2(g)+ H2O(g) ,When we burn Liquid Decane(C10H22) into oxygen(O2) gas then it produce  Water vapour and Carbon dioxide gas.

The balance equation of Combustion as follows ;

2C10H22 (l) + 31O2 (g) ==>  20CO2(g)+ 22H2O(g)

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We can see conversion of an alcohol to an alkane.

Reagents needed:

1. Sodium or Potassium Hydride.

2. Hydrogen Gas.

What is  a functional group?

A functional group is a group of atoms or molecules within a larger molecule that is responsible for the molecule's chemical and physical properties. Functional groups have specific chemical characteristics, such as polarity, reactivity, and solubility, that give the molecule its unique properties.

What is functional group interconversion?

Functional group interconversion is a type of chemical reaction in which one functional group is converted into another functional group. This type of reaction is used to modify the properties of a molecule, such as its reactivity, solubility, and stability. Examples of functional group interconversion include the conversion of an alcohol to an aldehyde, an aldehyde to a ketone, and an ester to an amide.

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The metabolite 11 nor tetrahydrocannabinol 9 COOH can be detected by immunoassay 3-5 days after a single use of marijuana.

The use of an antibody or an antigen as a biorecognition agent allows for the highly selective bioanalytical technique known as an immunoassay to detect the presence or concentration of analytes ranging in size from small molecules to macromolecules in a solution.

Immunoassay assays are biochemical procedures that use the antigen-antibody response theory to diagnose illness. It seeks to determine both an analyte's concentration and presence. Immunoassay testing is used by scientists and medical practitioners to find various antibodies Metabolite 11 nor tetrahydrocannabinol 9 COOH is also identified by this.

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From the substances given, we can classify them as an electrolyte or a non-electrolyte as stated below:

Electrolyte:

Non-electrolyte:

Electrolytes are some substances that can release electrical charges in the form of cations (positive charge) and anions (negative charge). These electrical charges move freely in the aqueous form as a soluble ionic solution. The freely-moving molecules can conduct electricity. On the other hand, non-electrolytes do not contain anions and cations. Hence, they cannot conduct electricity.

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A colorimeter is an instrument used to measure the amount of heat absorbed by a solution. This absorbance is proportional to the concentration of the solute in the solution.

A calorimeter is a device used in calorimetry, a method for measuring the heat of chemical reactions or other physical changes and estimating heat capacity. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters, and accelerated rate calorimeters are a few of the most common types.

Two compounds A and B are put one at a time into a calorimeter, and the starting and ending temperatures (before and after the reaction) are noted. This information is used to determine the enthalpy change per mole of substance A in the process. An estimate of the quantity of energy released or absorbed during the reaction can be obtained by multiplying the mass and specific heat capacity of the components by the temperature change. By dividing the energy change by the amount of A that was present, the reaction's enthalpy change is determined.

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Net ionic equations for the formation of each of the precipitates observed:

Cl⁻ + Ag⁺ → ClAg ↓

CO₃⁻² + Ca²⁺  →  CaCO₃ ↓

CO₃⁻² + Cu²⁺  →  CuCO₃ ↓

What is precipitation?

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The limiting reactant is the answer. The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely used up in the reaction and limits how much product can be formed.

What is reactant?
A reagent, also known as an analytical reagent, is a substance as well as compound that is added to a system in chemistry to either initiate a chemical reaction or determine whether one has already taken place. [1] Although the terms reactant as well as reagent are frequently used interchangeably, reactant refers to a substance that is consumed during a chemical reaction. Despite being part of the reaction mechanism, solvents are not typically referred to as reactants. Catalysts are not reactants because they are not used up in the reaction. The reactants in biochemistry are frequently referred to as substrates, particularly when enzymes are involved in the reaction.

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2C6H14(g)+19O2(g)→12CO2(g)+14H2O(g) is the balanced equation reaction for the combustion of hexanol.

The most fundamental and extensively used method for balancing chemical equations is known as "balancing by inspection," sometimes known as trial and error. The amount of tries and errors required to arrive at an equation that is ultimately correctly balanced can be reduced by using a few approaches. A chemical equation cannot be deemed balanced unless the law of conservation of matter is observed. In chemical equations, two distinct types of numbers are used. Subscripts are used in the chemical formulations of the reactants and products. Coefficients are also employed to display the number of molecules of a substance that are consumed or created prior to chemical formulations.

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Hydrochloric acid has a molarity of 5.708 M, a mass content of 19.0%, and a density of 1.095 g/ml.

Hydrochloric acid, also referred to as muriatic acid, is hydrogen chloride in an aqueous solution. It is odourless and colourless, and it smells strongly. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of gastric acid, which is present in the digestive systems of the majority of animal species, including humans.

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is often used as a bleaching agent to neutralise alkaline compounds in the food, textile, metal, and rubber industries. It is neutralised when released into the soil, and it hydrolyzes quickly when it comes into contact with water.

If hydrochloric acid burns are in contact with skin or other tissues, they can cause excruciating pain. Ingestion of hydrochloric acid might result in blindness. The concentration of the acid and how long it remains in contact with the tissues determine how severe the burns are.

The solute concentration in moles is divided by the volume of the solution in litres to determine the solution's molarity.

M = moles of solute/liters of solution.

By dividing the total number of moles of solute by the total volume of litres of solution, we may determine the molarity.

Consider a 100g solution. The solution has 19.0% of its bulk in hydrochloric acid. and the provided solution has a density of 1.095 g/mol. We may determine the molarity of the solution by inserting each of these values.

mass acid hydrochloric,

100g solution x (19.00g / 100g solution) = 19.00g Hcl

moles of hydrochloric acid is ,

19.00g HCl x (1 mole Hcl / 36.45g HCl) = 0.52126

then, the answer is,

100g solution x (1mL solution / 1.095g solution) x (1L / 1000mL) = 0.091324L

molarity HCl = 0.52126 mole / 0.091324L = 5.708M.

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Answer:

If the atom is neutral, then the number of protons(atomic number) equals the number of electrons. If the atom is an ion and has a charge, then that changes. If the charge is negative(ex. 1-), then you add that number to the number of protons to get the number of electrons. If the charge is positive, then you subtract(ex 1+) that number from the number of protons to get the number of electrons

Explanation:

The net ionic reaction for the precipitation reaction is

b)SrCl₂ + K₂SO₄ → SrSO₄ + 2KCl

The precipitation reaction between strontium chloride (SrCl₂) and potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) is a double replacement reaction and produces an insoluble solid. The net ionic reaction for this precipitation reaction is as follows:

SrCl₂ + K₂SO₄ → SrSO₄ + 2KCl

In this reaction, a cation (positively-charged ion) from one reactant (strontium) is exchanged for a cation from the other reactant (potassium). At the same time, an anion (negatively-charged ion) from one reactant (chloride) is exchanged for an anion from the other reactant (sulfate). The products of this reaction are a soluble sodium chloride solution and an insoluble strontium sulfate solid. The insoluble solid separate out of the solution, forming a precipitate.

Hence the correct option is B.

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The most appropriate reagent(s) for the conversion of trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol to the corresponding tosylate ester is Chromic acid.

What is Chromic acid?

Chromic acid anodizing has been used to protect aluminum from oxidation for many years. The anodizing process builds a basic oxide layer that supports a tubular cell structure. Chromic acid (H2CrO4) reacts with alcohols to form a chromic ester in which the alcohol oxygen atom bridges the carbon and chromium atoms. The ester forms by nucleophilic attack of the alcohol oxygen atom on the chromium atom. This reaction is analogous to an SN2 reaction with an a─OH group of chromic acid as the leaving group.

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Micronutrient is another name for a trace element. It is also described as any chemical component of a crucial enzyme that is needed by living things in minute or small levels.

In biology, a trace element is any chemical element that is needed by living things in very small levels (less than 0.1 percent by capacity [1,000 parts per million]), typically as a component of an essential activity (a cell-produced catalytic protein).

Minerals known as trace elements or trace metals are minor levels of which are found in living tissues. Some of them have been known to be physiologically necessary, some might be (but the evidence is merely speculative or sparse), and the rest are regarded as nonessential.

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Answer:cell potential

Explanation: