β1 in equation (2) is likely to be biased and inconsistent for the true coefficient β1 in equation (1) due to the omission of the variable Zi.
In equation (1), the true relationship between Y and X is given by Yi = β1Xi + β2Zi + ei, where ei represents the error term.
In equation (2), the estimated relationship between Y and X is given by Yi = ˆβ1Xi + ˆei, where ˆβ1 is the estimated coefficient of Xi obtained from regressing Yi on Xi only.
To determine whether ˆβ1 is unbiased, we need to examine whether its expected value, E(ˆβ1), equals the true value of β1.
Under the classical assumptions, the OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) estimator is unbiased if the following conditions hold:
1. Linearity: The true relationship between the dependent variable (Y) and the independent variable (X) is linear.
2. Exogeneity: The error term (ei) is uncorrelated with the independent variable (X).
3. No perfect multicollinearity: The independent variables are not perfectly correlated with each other.
If these assumptions are satisfied, E(ˆβ1) = β1, meaning that the OLS estimator is unbiased.
However, in equation (2), we are regressing Yi on Xi only, ignoring the presence of Zi in the true relationship. This violates the linearity assumption, as the true relationship includes both Xi and Zi as independent variables.
As a result, the estimator ˆβ1 obtained from this regression will generally be biased and inconsistent for the true coefficient β1. The bias arises because the omitted variable, Zi, may be correlated with both Xi and Y, leading to omitted variable bias. In conclusion, ˆβ1 in equation (2) is likely to be biased and inconsistent for the true coefficient β1 in equation (1) due to the omission of the variable Zi.
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A firm faces the following average revenue (demand) curve:
P = 20,000 – Q
Where Q is monthly production and P is price, measured in cents
per unit. The firm's cost function is given by TC = 1,000Q +
The profit-maximizing price for the firm is 19,000 cents per unit.
To determine the profit-maximizing level of output for the firm, we need to consider the intersection of the average revenue (demand) curve and the firm's cost function. The average revenue curve is given by P = 20,000 - Q, where Q is the monthly production and P is the price in cents per unit.
The firm's cost function is TC = 1,000Q + C, where TC represents the total cost of production and C represents the fixed costs incurred by the firm.
To find the profit-maximizing level of output, we need to equate the marginal cost (MC) to the marginal revenue (MR), which is equal to the price (P) in perfect competition.
The marginal cost (MC) is the derivative of the total cost function with respect to quantity (Q). In this case, MC = 1,000.
The marginal revenue (MR) is the derivative of the average revenue function with respect to quantity (Q). In this case, MR = dP/dQ = -1.
Setting MC equal to MR, we have:
1,000 = -1
Solving for Q, we find:
Q = 1,000
Therefore, the profit-maximizing level of output for the firm is 1,000 units per month.
To calculate the corresponding price, we substitute the value of Q into the average revenue (demand) curve:
P = 20,000 - Q
P = 20,000 - 1,000
P = 19,000
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The Simulated Work Company made the following production data available for their manufacturing process responsible for supply of packaging to the KraftBrew Company. (see Addendum A): (Work to 2 decimal places) • The average Customer Requirements are: 96,200 boxes per month (44,100 Top and 52,100 Bottom units). The Simulated Work Company works 2 shifts per day. 26 days per month. Each shift is 10 hours and There are 45 minutes planned downtime per shift. Note: All cycle times provided are per box. Note: A special coating is applied to the boxes, which takes 5 hours per 600 boxes 3.1 Calculate the Takt time for The Simulated Work Company (in seconds). (2) With the aid of the timeline on Addendum A, calculate the following for The Simulated Work Company: 3.2 The production lead time (in days) (3) 3.3 The processing time (in seconds) (3) 3.4 Calculate the optimal manning for the Simulated Work Company. (2) 3.5 Graphically represent the cycle times for Kreisler's manufacturing process and indicate the TAKT time on the graph (below) (You can construct your own graph) (5) 3.6 As the Industrial Engineer for The Simulated Work Company, identify which process you will select for improvement first (motivate your answer). (1) 3.7 What other Kaizen opportunities exist within The Simulated Work Company process? Identify two (2) and prioritize in descending order. (2) Addendum A 30,000 SUPPLIER KWIKPRESS BOX COMPANY per week DECOIL 2 Machines Shared C/T = 15 s C/O = 40 min UIT = 90% Scrap=4% A 2.500 (Top) 6.500 (Bottom) 47 ORDER CUT 1 One station 02 C/T = 55 C/O=20 min U/T = 90% Scrap=2% 125% RESEA 6.000 (Top) 4,000 (Bottom) Production Contral Monthly Plan Logistics Weekly Schedule CUT 2 One station 02 C/T-40 s C/O = 5 min U/T = 80% Scrap = 3% 7 5.500 (Top) 3.000 (Bottom) Daily ship Schedule ORDER FOLD 1 Machine 04 C/T-95 s C/O=15 min U/T-70% Scrap = 1% 4.250 (Top) 4,500 (Bottom) COAT BOX 1 coating booth 2 C/T=5 hrs/600 C/O= 45 min U/T = 90% Scrap = 5% Z 15.000 (Top) 13,000 Bottom) KraftBrow (Customer) Monthly Demand (Boxes) 44,100 (TOP) 52,100 (BOTTOM) SHIPPING 0 3 Daily
45/60 is the conversion of the allotted downtime each shift of 45 minutes into hours.
3.1) Calculation of Takt time
Takt time = (Working days x working hours x 60) / Customer requirements
Takt time = (26 x (20 – (45/60)) x 60) / 96200 = 32.05 seconds
Note: 45/60 is the 45 minutes planned downtime per shift converted to hours
3.2) Calculation of Production lead time
Production lead time = processing time + waiting time + move time + inspection time Production lead time = 95.50 + 3.00 + 5.00 + 4.00 = 107.50 / 480 (minutes per shift) = 0.22 shifts + 0.87 days = 1.09 days or 1.1 days (1 day 2.4 hours)
3.3) Calculation of Processing time
Processing time = sum of all machine cycle times (C/T) per box Processing time = 2.5 + 55 + 40 + 95 + 15 + (5 x 600 / 3600) = 105.17 seconds or 105 seconds
Note: The units of cycle time are in seconds per box. Therefore, the unit of processing time is also seconds.
3.4) Calculation of Optimal manning
Optimal manning = (Daily operating time x required output per day) / (Daily available operating time x production rate)Optimal manning = (9 hours 15 minutes x 96200) / (10 hours x 60 x 85.17) = 11.03 or 12 people (rounded up to the nearest integer)Note: 85.17 is the number of seconds per box calculated as shown below85.17 = (26 days x (20 – (45/60)) x 60 x 60) / (96,200 boxes per month)
3.6) Process selection for improvement
In order to select a process for improvement, the IE needs to look at the bottleneck process. Based on the data available, the bottleneck process is the DECOIL 2 machine. Therefore, this process should be selected for improvement first.
3.7) Kaizen opportunities
Two potential Kaizen opportunities are the order cut process and the COAT BOX process. Prioritization should be based on the impact on the overall production process. Therefore, the order cut process should be prioritized first, followed by the COAT BOX process.
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b) the least square regression equation shows the best relationship between ridership and number of tourists is ( round your decimal points to three places)
^
y= ______ + ______ x
where ^
y = Dependent vairiable and X = Independent variable
c) If it is expected that 10 million tourists will visit london, then the expected ridership = ____ million riders( round your answer to two decimal places)
d) If there are no tourists at all then the model still predicts a ridership. This is due to that tourists are outside the range of data used to develop the model
e) The standard error of the estimate developed using the least squares regression= _____ (round response to three decimal places)
f) the coefficient of correlation for the least squares regression model is ______ ( round response to three decimal places)
The coefficient of determination for the least square regression model = ________ (round to three decimal places)
a) The equation is given as: y = 1.994 + 0.400x where:y is the dependent variable x is the independent variable.
b) the least square regression equation.
c) The expected ridership is 5.99 million riders.
d) The model still predicts a ridership even if there are no tourists at all.
e) east squares regression equation = 0.428.
f) least square regression model = 0.978.
a) The table of data presented gives the ridership (in millions) of the London subway system as a function of the number of tourists (in millions) who visit London. The least square regression equation indicates the best relationship between ridership and the number of tourists.The equation is given as: y = 1.994 + 0.400x where:y is the dependent variable x is the independent variable.
b) y = 1.994 + 0.400 The above equation is the least square regression equation.
c) If it is expected that 10 million tourists will visit London, then the expected ridership is:y = 1.994 + 0.400x = 1.994 + 0.400 (10) = 5.994 million riders.The expected ridership is 5.99 million riders. (round off to two decimal places)
d) The model still predicts a ridership even if there are no tourists at all. The reason for this is that the model is beyond the range of data used to develop the model.
e) The standard error of the estimate developed using the least squares regression equation = 0.428.
f) The correlation coefficient of the least squares regression model = 0.989.The coefficient of determination for the least square regression model = 0.978.
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A major pharmaceutical company sells £400 million worth of medicine per year. Average amount of customer bills in accounts receivable is £100 million. What is the average time from the time a customer is billed to the time payment is received? O a. 24 months or 2 years O b. 12 months or 1 year O c. 3 months or 0.25 years O d. 6 months or 0.5 years 4
The correct answer is c. 3 months or 0.25 years. Accounts receivable is an asset account on the company's balance sheet that represents money owed to it by customers who have purchased its goods or services but have not yet paid for them.
In this case, the average amount of customer bills in accounts receivable is £100 million. If we divide the total amount of sales by the average amount of accounts receivable, we get the number of times that the accounts receivable turns over, which can be used to calculate the average time from the time a customer is billed to the time payment is received:
Average time from billing to receipt of payment = (Accounts receivable / Sales) x 365 days
Average time from billing to receipt of payment = (100 million / 400 million) x 365 days
Average time from billing to receipt of payment = 0.25 x 365 days = 91.25 days = 3 months
Therefore, the average time from the time a customer is billed to the time payment is received is 3 months or 0.25 years (rounded to two decimal places).
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Assessment 2 Briefs Question 1: What category of business is Qantas Group? Support and explain your answer using both qualitative (i.e. non-financial) evidence from the "Chair's Message" and "CEO's Message" appearing in the Annual Report (Qantas Group, 2021) and quantitative (i.e. financial) information from the Consolidated Balance Sheet and supporting notes to this statement (maximum 200 words).
The category of business that Qantas Group falls into is the Aviation and travel industry. The company operates multiple airlines, including Qantas Airways Limited, Jetstar Airways Pty Limited, and QantasLink. Qantas Group is one of the biggest players in the aviation and travel industry in Australia, providing both domestic and international travel.
The category of business that Qantas Group falls into is the Aviation and travel industry. The company operates multiple airlines, including Qantas Airways Limited, Jetstar Airways Pty Limited, and QantasLink. Qantas Group is one of the biggest players in the aviation and travel industry in Australia, providing both domestic and international travel.
Qualitative evidence from the Chair's Message and CEO's Message in the Annual Report of Qantas Group (2021) confirms that the company operates in the aviation and travel industry. The Chair's Message mentions that the company has worked to enhance customer service and experiences, while the CEO's Message highlights Qantas' commitment to sustainability and innovation in the aviation industry. Both of these messages indicate that Qantas is operating in the aviation and travel industry and has a focus on providing high-quality travel experiences for its customers.
Quantitative evidence from the Consolidated Balance Sheet and supporting notes to this statement in the Annual Report of Qantas Group (2021) further support the conclusion that the company operates in the aviation and travel industry. The company's primary assets consist of property, plant, and equipment, which includes aircraft and other assets used to support its aviation operations. In addition, the company generates revenue primarily from passenger transport services, which is a core service offered in the aviation and travel industry.
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answer i and ii pls
i) How could Bank of Singapore attempt to capitalize on its expectations without using deposited funds? Estimate the profits that could be generated from this strategy. (10 marks) ii) Assume all the p
One way that Bank of Singapore could attempt to capitalize on its expectations without using deposited funds is by investing in various financial instruments such as bonds, stocks, and other securities. This would allow the bank to earn a return on its investments while not utilizing its deposited funds.
For example, if Bank of Singapore expects interest rates to rise, it could invest in bonds with longer maturities that pay higher interest rates. As interest rates rise, the value of these bonds would decrease, but the bank could hold them until maturity and collect the higher interest payments. Similarly, the bank could invest in stocks of companies that are expected to perform well in an environment of rising interest rates.
Estimating the profits that could be generated from this strategy would depend on several factors, such as the size and composition of the bank's investment portfolio, the performance of the financial markets, and the bank's ability to accurately predict future market trends. Without more detailed information, it would be difficult to provide a specific estimate of potential profits. However, it is worth noting that investing in financial markets always carries some degree of risk, and the bank would need to carefully manage its investments to mitigate this risk and achieve satisfactory returns.
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The following figure shows the marginal cost curve, average total cost curve, average variable cost curve, and marginal revenue curve for a firm for different levels of output.
(1) Should this firm shut down in the short run?
(2) What happen to this market in the long run? Explain the long-run equilibrium for this firm.
The market is perfectly competitive, the long-run equilibrium price and output level will be P=$4.50 and Q=4.
(1) To determine if a firm should shut down in the short run, it is necessary to examine the intersection of the average variable cost curve (AVC) and the marginal cost curve (MC). If the price is lower than the minimum of the AVC, the firm should shut down in the short run. It is not profitable for the firm to continue producing at that output level, and it will save money by shutting down. In this case, the minimum AVC is around $4. At a price of $2.50, the firm should shut down in the short run because it cannot cover the AVC and will lose money. Thus, this firm should shut down in the short run for an output level of Q=2.
(2) In the long run, a firm will enter or exit the market depending on the profitability of the market. If the market is profitable, new firms will enter, increasing supply and reducing the price. If the market is unprofitable, firms will exit, reducing supply and raising the price. In a perfectly competitive market, the long-run equilibrium price is equal to the minimum of the average total cost (ATC) curve, and firms earn zero economic profit. In this case, the minimum ATC is around $4.50. At a price of $4.50, the firm is earning zero economic profit, which is the long-run equilibrium for this firm.
Thus, if the market is perfectly competitive, the long-run equilibrium price and output level will be P=$4.50 and Q=4.
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ABC Corporation has purchased machinery on January 1, 2024, and needs to compare two depreciation methods: straight-line and double-declining balance. This machinery costs $400,000 and has an estimated useful life of four years, or 8,000 machine hours. At the end of four years, the machinery is estimated to have a residual value of $20,000. Requirements 1- Prepare depreciation schedules for straight-line and double-declining-balance ( 20 points) 2- At December 31, 2024, ABC Company is trying to determine if it should sell the machinery. ABC Company will only sell the machinery if the company earns a gain of at least $6,000. For each of the depreciation methods, what is the minimum amount that ABC Company will sell the machinery for in order to have a gain of $6,000?
To have a gain of $6,000, ABC Company should sell the machinery for at least $311,000 using the straight-line method and at least $306,000 using the double-declining balance method.
How much should ABC Company sell the machinery for to have a gain of $6,000?ABC Company needs to determine the minimum amount they should sell the machinery for in order to achieve a gain of $6,000. This is calculated by adding the desired gain to the machinery's carrying value at the end of the year.
For the straight-line method, at the end of Year 1, the machinery's carrying value is $305,000 ($400,000 - $95,000). To achieve a gain of $6,000, ABC Company should sell the machinery for at least $311,000 ($305,000 + $6,000).
For the double-declining balance method, at the end of Year 1, the machinery's carrying value is $300,000 ($400,000 - $100,000). To achieve a gain of $6,000, ABC Company should sell the machinery for at least $306,000 ($300,000 + $6,000).
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Brooks Agency set up a petty cash fund for $120. At the end of the current period, the fund contained $38 and had the following receipts: entertainment, $51 postage, $23; and printing. $8. Prepare journal entries to record (a) establishment of the fund and (b) reimbursement of the fund at the end of the current period. View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 1 2 Record the establishment of the petty cash fund. Note: Enter debits before credits Debit General Journal Transaction Credit 1a Record entry Clear entry View general Journal 2. Identify the two events from the following that cause a Petty Cash account to be credited in a journal entry. (Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer.) Fund amount is being reduced. Fund amount is being increased, Fund is being eliminated Fund is being established
Record the establishment of the petty cash fund The entry for the establishment of the petty cash fund is given below: Petty Cash Dr. $120To Cash $120When petty cash is set up, the Petty Cash account is debited with the amount that is going to be established as the petty cash fund.
The journal entry above shows that Brooks Agency is establishing a petty cash fund of $120. Petty Cash account is a short-term asset account that is used to keep track of small cash payments and transactions.
There are two situations that result in the crediting of the Petty Cash account in a journal entry: When the fund amount is being increased, Petty Cash is debited. When the fund amount is being reduced, Petty Cash is credited. Fund is being established or eliminated does not involve the crediting of the Petty Cash account. The two situations that result in the crediting of the Petty Cash account in a journal entry are as follows:
Increase in fund amount: The Petty Cash account is debited when funds are added to the Petty Cash account, whereas the Cash account is credited when funds are removed from the Petty Cash account. The Petty Cash account is a temporary account that is replenished on a regular basis and reflects the balance of cash on hand in the Petty Cash account. The entry for an increase in the fund amount is as follows:Petty Cash Dr. $100To Cash $100Reduction in fund amount: When the Petty Cash account is credited, it signifies that money has been removed from the Petty Cash fund to pay for an expense. The entry for a reduction in the fund amount is as follows:Expense Dr. $25To Petty Cash $25Reimbursement of petty cash fund at the end of the current period:At the end of the current period, the fund contained $38, and the following receipts were found: entertainment, $51; postage, $23; and printing, $8. Therefore, the total amount of the receipts is $82. Brooks Agency needs to reimburse the petty cash fund so that it can be replenished and be ready to be used in the future. The entry for reimbursement of the fund is given below:Various Expenses Dr. $82To Petty Cash $82In the above entry, the Various Expenses account is debited, and Petty Cash account is credited. The debit to the Various Expenses account represents the total amount of the expenditures for which the Petty Cash was used, and the credit to the Petty Cash account is to replenish it so that it can be used again in the future. The credit to Petty Cash reduces the balance of the Petty Cash account to zero so that it can be re-established at the beginning of the next period.
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Q.5 The case examines Tesco's 'Steering Wheel' which is Tesco's version of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The concept of BSC was developed by Dr. Robert Kaplan and Dr. David Norton in the early 1990s. BSC proposed that organizations should be mission-driven rather than finance-driven. BSC proposed to convert strategy into an integrated management system defined across finance, customer, internal processes, and learning & growth. The case discusses how Tesco developed the 'Steering Wheel' from the BSC and used it as a tool for strategic value creation and business transformation. The 'Steering Wheel' was used to communicate strategic goals and objectives across all the levels of the organization and to measure corporate performance. The 'Steering Wheel' played a crucial role in transforming Tesco of the 1990s - then the third largest retailer in the UK, with not much of international presence - to the Tesco of 2007, which is among the top retailers in the world, and the #1 retailer in the UK with a market share of over 30% and operations in over a dozen countries across the world.
Tesco developed the 'Steering Wheel' from the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and used it as a tool for strategic value creation and business transformation.
The BSC proposes that organizations should be mission-driven rather than finance-driven. The BSC proposes converting strategy into an integrated management system defined across finance, customer, internal processes, and learning & growth.Tesco's version of the BSC is the 'Steering Wheel.' The case study explores how Tesco designed the 'Steering Wheel' to develop a strategy that was both customer-focused and mission-driven. The 'Steering Wheel' was used to communicate strategic objectives and goals across all levels of the company, as well as to measure corporate performance.Tesco's 'Steering Wheel' has four critical components: Customers, People, Operations, and Finance. Each of these components is further divided into four different measures: Customers- Loyalty, Satisfaction, Clarity, and Trust; People- Capability, Values, Motivation, and Knowledge; Operations- Availability, Service, Quality, and Cost; and Finance- Sales, Margin, Capital, and ROI.The 'Steering Wheel' played a vital role in transforming Tesco from the third-largest retailer in the UK with not much international presence to the top retailer in the UK with a market share of over 30% and operations in over a dozen countries across the world. The tool helped the company develop a customer-focused strategy that was aligned with its mission, vision, and values. As a result, the company was able to increase its market share, expand its operations globally, and improve its financial performance.
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Which of the following is a key output of project procurement management planning?
a. procurement statements of work
b. project website
c. quality metrics
d. quality checklists
a. Procurement statements of work. The key output of project procurement management planning is the procurement statements of work.
Procurement management involves the processes and activities related to acquiring goods and services from external suppliers or vendors to support the project's needs.
Procurement statements of work are documents that provide detailed descriptions of the goods, services, or results to be procured. They outline the project requirements, specifications, and any other relevant information that potential suppliers need to understand in order to submit proposals or bids. The statements of work help ensure that the project team and the suppliers are aligned in their understanding of the scope and expectations of the procurement.
These documents serve as a basis for the procurement process, including the creation of procurement documents such as requests for proposals (RFPs) or requests for quotations (RFQs). They also help in evaluating and selecting the most suitable suppliers or vendors to fulfill the project's procurement needs.
Therefore, the procurement statements of work are a key output that helps in effectively managing the procurement process and ensuring successful project execution.
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Consider the overlapping generations model. Let the number of young people born each period be constant, at N. There is a constant stock of fiat money, M. Each young person born in period t is endowed with yt units of the consumption good when young and nothing when old. A person’s endowment grows over time so that yt=αyt−1, where α >1; that is, the young in the next period have a higher endowment than the young in the previous period. For simplicity, assume that in each period t, people desire to hold real money balances equal to one half of their endowment, so that vtmt=yt/2.
1. Show that yt= (α)ty0
The equation yt = αty0 implies exponential growth of the endowment over time, where yt represents the endowment of young people in each period, y0 is the initial endowment, and α is the growth factor.
The equation yt = αty0 can be derived by recursively applying the growth factor α. Starting from the initial endowment y0, we can calculate the endowment in the next period as yt+1 = αyt. Substituting this equation into itself multiple times, we get yt = αty0.
This exponential growth of the endowment reflects the assumption that each young person in the next period receives a higher endowment than the previous period. The growth factor α represents the rate at which the endowment increases. As α is greater than 1, the endowment grows multiplicatively with each period.
The equation yt = αty0 is a key result in the overlapping generations model, as it characterizes the dynamics of the endowment over time. It shows how the endowment of young individuals accumulates and increases over successive periods, driven by the growth factor α.
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running the cpu at a faster speed than the manufacturer recommends is called ________.
When the CPU is running at a faster speed than the manufacturer recommends, it is known as overclocking.
Overclocking refers to a technique for boosting a computer's performance by increasing the clock rate of the processor, allowing it to run at a higher frequency than the manufacturer recommends. Overclocking is a popular practice among gamers and hardware enthusiasts who want to get the most out of their system. They increase the clock rate of the processor, which, in turn, increases the CPU's performance.Overclocking your CPU can have several advantages, including improved performance, faster system responsiveness, and enhanced gaming capabilities. However, it is important to remember that there are also risks associated with overclocking. Overclocking can cause the CPU to generate more heat, which can lead to instability and reduced system reliability. Additionally, overclocking can void your CPU's warranty, which can lead to a voided warranty if it is not done properly. Therefore, it is critical to do your homework and understand the risks associated with overclocking before attempting to increase your CPU's clock rate.
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TRUE/FALSE:
Q. In a project work and activities, ethical issues are occurring only between internal stakeholders (project team memebrs and the management; among project team memebrs, etc.), but not between project manager and external stakeholders
False. Ethical issues can occur between project managers and external stakeholders as well. Project managers often interact with various external stakeholders.
Such as clients, suppliers, contractors, and regulatory authorities. In these interactions, ethical dilemmas can arise, such as conflicts of interest, bribery, misrepresentation, or unfair treatment. Project managers have a responsibility to act ethically and ensure fair and transparent dealings with external stakeholders. They must adhere to professional codes of conduct and ethical standards in managing relationships and making decisions.
That impact both the project and the external stakeholders involved. Their lack of cultural understanding and failure to adapt to local contexts could have contributed to the challenges faced. Ultimately, the failure of the project can be attributed to a lack of effective collaboration and communication between the Ghanaian and Korean partners, resulting in boardroom conflicts and project delays.
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Watch "Inside Job" Documentary and write a short paper that includes answer to the following questions.
What are the CDO’s"?
What is securitization? Are you with or against in the context of 2007-2008 Financial Crisis?
What is Deregulation?
What is Credit Default Swap CDS?
What is "Financial Derivatives"?
What is leverage limits? What if it is relaxed? Did that happen prior to 2007-2008?
What are rating companies? Did they have a role in 2002008 crisis?
Many top economists serve as board members in various financial institutions. Is there any connection between these jobs and the text books they write for their students?
Whom to blame for 2007-2008 Financial crisis?
The 2007-2008 financial crisis was caused by a combination of factors that include securitization, CDOs, deregulation, derivatives, rating companies, relaxed leverage limits, and unethical practices in the banking and finance industry. Hence, there is not a single entity to blame for the crisis, and it was caused by a combination of different factors.
The movie Inside Job is a documentary that investigates the 2008 financial crisis.
What are CDOs?
CDOs stands for Collateralized Debt Obligations, which are structured financial products that allow for the pooling of debt instruments such as mortgages, bonds, and loans. The CDOs then resell them to investors in various tranches.
What is securitization?
Are you with or against the context of the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis?
Securitization is the process of transforming illiquid assets into a more liquid form by pooling them together to create a security that can be sold in the open market. Securitization has its benefits, however, in the context of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, securitization was a significant cause of the crisis.
What is Deregulation?
Deregulation is the reduction or elimination of government regulation or control over a particular industry. In the context of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, deregulation of the banking and finance industry has been a significant cause of the crisis.
What is Credit Default Swap CDS?
Credit Default Swap (CDS) is a financial instrument that acts as an insurance policy against credit risks. In the context of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, CDS has been a significant cause of the crisis.
What is "Financial Derivatives"?
Financial derivatives are financial contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset or index. In the context of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, derivatives have been a significant cause of the crisis.
What are leverage limits? What if it is relaxed? Did that happen prior to 2007-2008?
The leverage limit is the amount of borrowed funds that can be used for investment purposes. If the leverage limit is relaxed, then the investors can borrow more money for investment purposes, which can lead to higher returns. Prior to the 2007-2008 financial crisis, the leverage limit was relaxed, which has been a significant cause of the crisis.
What are rating companies? Did they have a role in the 2008 crisis?
Rating companies are firms that assign credit ratings to different financial instruments and securities. The rating companies have been instrumental in creating the 2007-2008 financial crisis as they had assigned higher ratings to securities that were not worthy of such ratings, and their contribution to the crisis was crucial. Many top economists serve as board members in various financial institutions. Is there any connection between these jobs and the textbooks they write for their students?
Yes, there is a connection between these jobs and the textbooks they write for their students. The textbooks are heavily influenced by their real-life experiences and their work in the financial industry.
Whom to blame for the 2007-2008 Financial crisis?
The 2007-2008 financial crisis was caused by a combination of factors that include securitization, CDOs, deregulation, derivatives, rating companies, relaxed leverage limits, and unethical practices in the banking and finance industry. Hence, there is not a single entity to blame for the crisis, and it was caused by a combination of different factors.
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Statement of cash flows A summary of cash flows for A-One Travel Service for the year ended August 31, 20Y6, follows: Cash receipts: Cash received from customers $201,040 Cash received from issuing common stock 18,100 Cash payments: Cash paid for operating expenses 160,830 Cash paid for land 41,400 Cash paid for dividends 3,800 The cash balance as of September 1, 2015, was $104,310. Prepare a statement of cash flows for A-One Travel Service for the year ended August 31, 20Y6. Use the minus sign to indicate cash outflows, cash payments and decreases in cash. A-One Travel Service Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended August 31, 2046 Line Item Description Amount Amount Income statement The revenues and expenses of A-One Travel Service for the year ended August Fees earned $969,780 223,050 Office expense Miscellaneous expense 19,395 Wages expense 465,495 Prepare an income statement for the year ended August 31, 2016. A-One Travel Service Income Statement For the Year Ended August 31, 2016 Line Item Description Amount Amount Cost principle On June 25, Tin Roofing extended an offer of $104,000 for land that had been priced for sale at $119,000. On July 9, Tin Roofing accepted the seller's counteroffer of $113,000. On October 1, the land was assessed at a value of $170,000 for property tax purposes. On December 22, Tin Roofing was offered $181,000 for the land by a national retail chain. At what value should the land be recorded in Tin Roofing's records?
The land should be recorded at the **accepted offer price of $113,000** in Tin Roofing's records.
In accounting, the cost principle states that assets should be recorded at their original cost. In this scenario, the accepted offer of $113,000 represents the agreed-upon price for the land. This amount reflects the actual transaction between Tin Roofing and the seller, and it is considered the most reliable indicator of the land's value at the time of acquisition. Therefore, the land should be recorded in Tin Roofing's records at the accepted offer price of $113,000.
It's important to note that subsequent changes in the assessed value or offers from other parties do not affect the initial recording of the land. The cost principle focuses on the historical cost rather than the current or potential market value of an asset.
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Which one of the following looks at careers through the eyes of
individual employee?
1) Career development.
2) Career planning.
3) Organizational development.
4) Organizational planning.
Career Development looks at careers through the eyes of individual employee. Career Development looks at careers through the eyes of individual employee.
The emphasis is on matching personal goals, abilities, and individual strengths with opportunities for growth, learning, and advancement within an organization. This process is ongoing and is usually facilitated by mentors, supervisors, human resources professionals, and other experts who are skilled in helping individuals to assess their own interests, skills, and needs while keeping up with emerging trends and changes in the field.The goal of career development is to help employees achieve their personal and professional objectives while also meeting the needs of the organization as a whole. By investing in employee development, companies can foster a culture of innovation and continuous learning that helps them to stay competitive in today's fast-paced business environment. In conclusion, the correct option is: Career Development.
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Golf Products is considering whether to upgrade its equipment. Managers are considering two options. Equipment manufactured by Atlas Inc. costs $900,000 and will last five years and have no residual value. The Atlas equipment will generate annual operating income of $153,000. Equipment manufactured by Riverside Limited costs $1,320,000 and will remain useful for six years. It promises annual operating income of $231,000, and its expected residual value a $115,000.
Which equipment offers the higher ARR?
First, enter the formula, then calculate the ARR (Accounting Rate of Return) for both pieces of equipment. (Enter the answer as a percent rounded to the nearest tenth percent.)
1st ____________(/)__________= Accounting rate of return
The higher ARR is offered by the equipment manufactured by Riverside Limited.
Is the ARR higher for the Riverside Limited equipment?The Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment. It is calculated by dividing the average annual income generated by the investment by the initial cost of the investment, and expressing the result as a percentage.
For the equipment manufactured by Atlas Inc., the ARR can be calculated as follows:
ARR = (Annual Operating Income / Initial Cost) * 100
ARR = ($153,000 / $900,000) * 100
ARR = 17%
For the equipment manufactured by Riverside Limited, the ARR can be calculated as follows:
ARR = (Annual Operating Income + Residual Value - Initial Cost) / (Number of Years * Initial Cost) * 100
ARR = ($231,000 + $115,000 - $1,320,000) / (6 * $1,320,000) * 100
ARR = 11.4%
Comparing the ARR values, we can see that the equipment manufactured by Riverside Limited offers a higher ARR of 11.4% compared to the 17% offered by Atlas Inc. This means that the Riverside Limited equipment provides a better return on investment in terms of accounting profitability.
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if the price of cantaloupe increases, the marginal utility per dollar of cantaloupe:
If the price of cantaloupe increases, the marginal utility per dollar of cantaloupe is likely to decrease. This means that each additional dollar spent on cantaloupe will provide utility compared to before the price increase.
Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or benefit gained from consuming one more unit of a good or service. It is influenced by the price of the good and the individual's preferences. When the price of cantaloupe increases, it means that more money needs to be spent to obtain the same quantity of cantaloupe as before.
As the price of cantaloupe increases, the marginal utility per dollar spent on cantaloupe decreases. This is because the higher price reduces the purchasing power of the consumer's money. Each additional dollar spent on cantaloupe will provide less utility or satisfaction since the consumer has to allocate more of their budget to purchase the same quantity of cantaloupe.
In economic terms, the consumer will adjust their consumption decisions based on the diminishing marginal utility per dollar. They may choose to purchase fewer cantaloupes or explore alternative options with higher utility per dollar. The decrease in marginal utility per dollar reflects the decreasing value or satisfaction obtained from each additional unit of cantaloupe as its price increases.
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Which of the following statements correctly explains exports versus net exports? O Exports are goods, services, or resources produced domestically and sold minus imports. abroad, while net exports are equal to exports O Exports are goods, services, or resources produced abroad and sold domestically, while net exports are equal to imports oEuports are goods, services, or resources produced domestclly and sold abroad, while net exports are equal to imports minus exports minus exports Exports are goods, services, or resources produced abroad and sold domestically, while net exports are equal to exports minus imports
Exports are goods, services, or resources produced domestically and sold abroad, while net exports are equal to exports minus imports.
Exports are goods and services produced within a country and sold to other countries. They play a crucial role in a nation's economy, contributing to economic growth, job creation, and increasing the country's competitiveness in the global market. Exports can include a wide range of products, such as manufactured goods, agricultural commodities, natural resources, and services like tourism and consulting. Exporting allows businesses to reach a broader customer base, diversify revenue streams, and take advantage of international trade opportunities. Governments often provide support and incentives to promote exports, including trade agreements, export financing, and export promotion programs.
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Which of the following is true regarding criteria needed for creation of the agency relationship?
The agency must be created for a lawful purpose, and the person hiring an agent must have contractual capacity.
The agency must be created for an equitable as well as a lawful purpose, and the person hiring an agent must have contractual capacity.
The agency must be created for a business and lawful purpose, and the person hiring an agent must have contractual capacity.
The agency must be created for a lawful purpose; and, although there is no requirement that the person hiring an agent have capacity, the person acting as an agent must have contractual capacity.
The agency must be created for an equitable as well as a lawful purpose; and, although there is no requirement that the person hiring an agent have capacity, the person acting as an agent must have contractual capacity.
The correct option is: The agency must be created for a lawful purpose; and, although there is no requirement that the person hiring an agent have capacity, the person acting as an agent must have contractual capacity.
In an agency relationship, the principal (person hiring an agent) grants authority to the agent to act on their behalf. To establish a valid agency relationship, certain criteria must be met. One important criterion is that the agency must be created for a lawful purpose, meaning the activities performed by the agent on behalf of the principal must comply with applicable laws and regulations.
Additionally, while it is not necessary for the person hiring an agent to have contractual capacity (meaning the legal ability to enter into contracts), it is essential for the person acting as an agent to have contractual capacity. This ensures that the agent is legally capable of understanding and fulfilling their obligations under the agency relationship.
The other options presented in the list either incorrectly include an equitable purpose requirement or exclude the requirement of lawful purpose or contractual capacity for the person acting as an agent.
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In the sentence, My supervisor and I accurately proofread the
sales documents by our deadline, the word "and" functions as
a(n)
preposition
conjunction
adverb
adjective
In the sentence "My supervisor and I accurately proofread the sales documents by our deadline," the word "and" functions as a conjunction.
In the given sentence, the word "and" connects two subjects, "my supervisor" and "I," indicating that both individuals performed the action of proofreading the sales documents. In this context, "and" serves as a coordinating conjunction, which is used to join words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical importance.
Conjunctions are important for combining elements in a sentence and expressing relationships between them. In this case, "and" connects two subjects, highlighting their joint effort in accurately proofreading the sales documents. It indicates that both the speaker and their supervisor collaborated in the task.
Conjunctions play a vital role in sentence structure and syntax, enabling the formation of compound subjects, compound verbs, and compound sentences. They help to establish logical connections between different parts of a sentence and contribute to its overall coherence and clarity.
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Margie takes advantage of the day care services that her company provides to their employees. The value of the day care is $5,000 per year, of which Margie pays $2,000. How much of the benefit is a taxable fringe benefit to Margie and will be reported as income on her Form W-2?
a. $0
b. $2,000
c. $3,000
d. $5,000
The taxable fringe benefit for Margie in this scenario would be $3,000 (option c).
When an employer provides certain benefits to employees, such as day care services, the value of those benefits may be considered taxable income. In this case, the total value of the day care services provided by Margie's company is $5,000 per year. However, Margie pays $2,000 towards this benefit, which means she is only receiving $3,000 in taxable fringe benefits.
To determine the taxable amount, we subtract the amount paid by the employee from the total value of the benefit. Therefore, Margie will have $3,000 as a taxable fringe benefit, which will be reported as income on her Form W-2.
It's important to note that tax laws and regulations may vary, so it's always advisable to consult with a tax professional or refer to the official IRS guidelines for accurate and up-to-date information.
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although the demand for bitcoin varied considerably over time, hazlett and luther found that the demand for bitcoin was:
Hazlett and Luther found that the demand for Bitcoin was relatively inelastic.
Despite considerable variations in the demand for Bitcoin over time, the demand for Bitcoin is inelastic because the quantity of Bitcoin demanded did not respond to price changes as dramatically as other assets did.
What is inelastic demand?
Inelastic demand refers to a situation in which changes in the price of a commodity have little impact on the quantity demanded. The quantity demanded does not respond much to a change in the price of a commodity when the commodity has inelastic demand.
This is in contrast to elastic demand, in which even small price changes can have a big impact on the quantity demanded.
When it comes to Bitcoin, the demand is relatively inelastic. Despite considerable variations in the demand for Bitcoin over time, the demand for Bitcoin is inelastic because the quantity of Bitcoin demanded did not respond to price changes as dramatically as other assets did.
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James is a tax preparer who is representing a client in an audit. He would like to conduct some research on IRS procedures. Which of these would be an ideal research source for him?
Internal Revenue Code (IRC).
Internal Revenue Manual (IRM).
IRS form instructions.
IRS Historical Data Tables.
An ideal research source for James, the tax preparer, would be the Internal Revenue Manual (IRM).The IRS Historical Data Tables may provide some useful data, but it is not likely to provide the specific information that James is seeking for his client's audit.
The Internal Revenue Manual is a comprehensive guide that provides instructions to IRS employees on various procedures and policies. It includes guidelines on audit procedures, examination techniques, and taxpayer rights and obligations. As James is representing a client in an audit, he would benefit from consulting the IRM to understand the procedures and policies that IRS employees are instructed to follow during an audit.
While the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) provides the legal basis for the tax laws and regulations in the United States, it is often difficult to navigate and interpret for non-lawyers. Additionally, IRS form instructions only provide guidance on completing specific forms, rather than broader tax-related procedures or policies. Therefore, the Internal Revenue Manual (IRM) is the ideal research source for James to consult as it provides a comprehensive guide to IRS procedures and policies. It is a resource that is frequently updated and provides the most current guidance on audit procedures, examination techniques, and taxpayer rights and obligations. By consulting the IRM, James can ensure that he is well-informed about the procedures and policies that IRS employees are instructed to follow during an audit, which will enable him to represent his client more effectively.
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The Isberg Company just paid a dividend of $0.75 per share, and that dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.50% per year in the future. The company's beta is 1.65, the market risk premium is 5%, and the risk-free rate is 4%.
What is the company's current stock price?
a. $11.72
b. $10.08
c. $13.60
d. $13.83
e. $12.66
Option (a) is the correct answer. Given, Dividend paid by the company = $0.75Dividend growth rate = 5.50% per yearBeta of the company = 1.65Market risk premium = 5%Risk-free rate = 4%We are supposed to find the company's current stock price.Using the constant growth rate formula we can calculate the stock price of the company.
Given,Dividend paid by the company = $0.75Dividend growth rate = 5.50% per yearBeta of the company = 1.65Market risk premium = 5%Risk-free rate = 4%We are supposed to find the company's current stock price.Using the constant growth rate formula we can calculate the stock price of the company. The constant growth model is also known as Gordon's model. The formula for the Gordon's model is given as,Po = (D1 / (rs - g))Where,Po = current stock priceD1 = expected dividend next yearrs = required rate of returng = growth rateThe value of D1 is calculated using the formula,D1 = D0 × (1 + g)Where,D0 = Dividend paid by the companySo, D1 = $0.75 × (1 + 5.50%) = $0.79125The value of rs is calculated using the formula,rs = Risk-free rate + (Beta × Market risk premium) = 4% + (1.65 × 5%) = 12.25%The value of g = 5.50%Putting the values in the formula,Po = (D1 / (rs - g))= $0.79125 / (12.25% - 5.50%)= $0.79125 / 0.0675= $11.72Hence, the current stock price of the company is $11.72. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
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Bonita Services was formed on May 1, 2022. The following transactions took place during the first month. Transactions on May 1 : Jay Bradford invested $41,000 cash in the company, as its sole owner. Hired two employees to work in the warehouse. They will each be paid a salary of $3,400 permenth: Signed a 2-year rental agreement on a warehouse; paid $24,000 cash in advance for the first year Purchased furniture and equipment costing $33,500. A cash payment of $12,000 was made immediately, the rem Paid $1,900 cash for a one-year insurance policy on the furniture and equipment. Transactions during the remainder of the month: Purchased basic office supplies for $600 cash. Purchased more office supplies for $1.500 on account. Total revenues earned were $21.500−$8.500 cash and $13.000 on account:
Bonita Services is a newly formed company that started operations on May 1, 2022. During the first month, the following transactions took place: On May 1, Jay Bradford invested $41,000 cash in the company as the sole owner.
The company also hired two employees to work in the warehouse and agreed to pay them a salary of $3,400 each per month.
Furthermore, the company signed a 2-year rental agreement on a warehouse and paid $24,000 in advance for the first year.
The company also purchased furniture and equipment worth $33,500.
A cash payment of $12,000 was made immediately, and the balance was owed. Additionally, the company paid $1,900 cash for a one-year insurance policy on the furniture and equipment.
During the remainder of the month, Bonita Services purchased basic office supplies for $600 in cash and more office supplies worth $1,500 on the account.
Finally, the company earned total revenues of $21,500, out of which $8,500 was received in cash, and $13,000 was on the account.
To summarize the transactions of Bonita Services: Jay Bradford invested $41,000 cash in the company as the sole owner.
Two employees were hired, and a salary of $3,400 per month was agreed for each employee.
A 2-year rental agreement was signed on a warehouse, and $24,000 cash was paid in advance for the first year.
Purchased furniture and equipment costing $33,500.
A cash payment of $12,000 was made immediately.
Paid $1,900 cash for a one-year insurance policy on the furniture and equipment.
Basic office supplies were purchased for $600 cash. More office supplies worth $1,500 was purchased on account.
The company earned total revenues of $21,500, out of which $8,500 was received in cash, and $13,000 was on the account.
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Its a marketing question I did not know what subject to put. (True and False) 1 Over 50% of consumers trust online reviews as much or more than word of mouth from people they personally know. 2. Comparative advertising is focused on comparing a product's benefits to its costs. 3. Explaining how your product or service can solve a potential customer's problem(s) is an ideal approach for personal selling. 4. Positioning should be based on a company's segmentation strategy.
1. True2. False3. True4. TrueExplanation:1. Over 50% of consumers trust online reviews as much or more than word of mouth from people they personally know. - This statement is true. Consumers nowadays are more informed and technologically advanced, they research on the internet before making a purchase.
It has been reported that more than 50% of consumers rely on online reviews and recommendations from third-party websites to make buying decisions.2. Comparative advertising is focused on comparing a product's benefits to its costs. - This statement is false. Comparative advertising is focused on comparing a product's benefits with the benefits of a competitor's product.3. Explaining how your product or service can solve a potential customer's problem(s) is an ideal approach for personal selling. - This statement is true. Personal selling is a promotional approach that involves a salesperson engaging with a prospective customer to sell a product or service.
The best way to approach personal selling is by explaining how your product or service can solve the potential customer's problem(s).4. Positioning should be based on a company's segmentation strategy. - This statement is true. Positioning is a marketing strategy that involves creating a unique image and identity for a product in the minds of the target customers. The positioning should be based on a company's segmentation strategy, which identifies the target customer groups based on their needs, preferences, and behavior.
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what actions involving the four marketing mix elements might be used to reach the target market in question 4?
In order to reach the target market in question 4, the following actions involving the four marketing mix elements might be used: Marketing Mix is a tool used to help marketers in their planning and execution of marketing programs. This includes the product, price, place, and promotion. The four marketing mix elements help in creating a successful marketing mix that can help reach the target market.
In order to reach the target market, the following actions might be used:
Product:
Product is the first element of the marketing mix that should be taken into consideration when trying to reach the target market. The product should meet the target market's needs and desires. For instance, in question 4, if the target market is composed of young people, the product can be customized to suit their taste.
Price:
The price is the second element of the marketing mix. It should be affordable and reasonable. The price should also reflect the product's quality. For example, if the target market is composed of people who are price-conscious, the company should set an affordable price.
Place:
Place refers to the distribution channel used by the company to get its product to the target market. The company should choose the best distribution channel that is convenient for the target market. For example, if the target market is composed of students, the company can distribute the product through school canteens or bookstores.
Promotion:
Promotion is the final element of the marketing mix. It refers to the communication strategy used to reach the target market. The company should use an appropriate promotion strategy that is appropriate for the target market. For example, if the target market is composed of young people, the company can use social media to advertise the product.
The detailed actions involving the four marketing mix elements that might be used to reach the target market in question 4 are as follows:
Product:
To reach the target market in question 4, the company should create a product that meets the target market's needs and desires. The company should conduct research to understand the target market's needs and preferences and then design a product that caters to them. For example, if the target market is composed of young people, the product can be designed to suit their taste and preferences. This might involve creating a product that is trendy, colorful, and has unique features.
Price:
The company should set an affordable price for the product that is within the target market's budget. The company should conduct research to understand the target market's spending habits and then set a price that is reasonable. For example, if the target market is composed of people who are price-conscious, the company can set a price that is slightly lower than its competitors.
Place:
The company should choose a distribution channel that is convenient for the target market. The company should conduct research to understand the target market's shopping behavior and then select the best distribution channel that will reach the target market. For example, if the target market is composed of students, the company can distribute the product through school canteens or bookstores.
Promotion:
The company should use a communication strategy that is appropriate for the target market. The company should conduct research to understand the target market's communication preferences and then use an appropriate communication strategy. For example, if the target market is composed of young people, the company can use social media to advertise the product. The company can also use influencers to promote the product.
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Palmona Company establishes a $230 petty cash fund on January 1. On January 8, the fund shows $131 in cash along with receipts for the following expenditures: postage, $40; transportation-in, $14; delivery expenses, $16; and miscellaneous expenses, $29. Palmona uses the perpetual system in accounting for merchandise inventory.
1. Prepare the entry to establish the fund on January 1.
2. Prepare the entry to reimburse the fund on January 8 under two separate situations:
a. To reimburse the fund.
b. To reimburse the fund and increase it to $280. Hint: Make two entries.
Cash fund is a money reserve kept by a company to pay off minor, irregular expenses that can't be easily made by a check. Petty cash fund or cash fund is the name given to the reserve.
This can be demonstrated in the following manner:Entry to reimburse the fund on January 8:Miscellaneous Expenses$29.00Delivery Expenses$16.00Transportation-in$14.00Postage$40.00Petty Cash Fund$99.00To reimburse the fund and increase it to $280, two entries must be made:One entry to reimburse the fund for the remaining amount, i.e., $230 - $99 = $131; this entry is the same as the entry made in (2a), and it debits the Petty Cash Fund for $99 and credits the appropriate expenditure accounts for $99.
Cash is debited with $131, and the Petty Cash Fund is debited with $131 in the second entry. This can be demonstrated in the following manner:Entry to reimburse the fund and increase it to $280:Miscellaneous Expenses$29.00Delivery Expenses$16.00Transportation-in$14.00Postage$40.00Petty Cash Fund$99.00Cash$131.00Petty Cash Fund$131.00
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