The price elasticity of supply measures the responsiveness of the quantity of a good supplied to changes in its price. To calculate it, we can use the midpoint formula: Price elasticity of supply = (Percentage change in quantity supplied) / (Percentage change in price) .
First, let's calculate the percentage change in quantity supplied: Percentage change in quantity supplied = ((New quantity - Old quantity) / Old quantity) * 100 Percentage change in quantity supplied = ((45000 - 40000) / 40000) * 100 = 12.5% Next, let's calculate the percentage change in price:Percentage change in price = ((New price - Old price) / Old price) * 100 Percentage change in price = ((90 - 80) / 80) * 100 = 12.5% .
Now, we can substitute these values into the formula: Price elasticity of supply = (12.5% / 12.5%) = 1 Therefore, the price elasticity of supply for tires is 1.
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if the market price is $7, then what is consumer surplus? group of answer choices 700 1300 1500 1000 2600
If the market price is $7, then consumer surplus is Option (b) $1300.
Consumer surplus is a concept in economics that measures the benefit consumers receive when they are able to purchase a product at a price lower than the maximum price they are willing to pay. It represents the difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a good or service and the price they actually pay. In this case, if the market price is $7, we need to determine the consumer surplus.
To calculate consumer surplus, we need to know the demand curve or the willingness to pay of consumers for the product at various price levels. However, since we don't have that information in this question, we'll have to make some assumptions.
Let's assume that at a price of $7, the quantity demanded is 100 units. Now, let's consider the maximum price that each consumer is willing to pay. Suppose there are two consumers: Consumer A and Consumer B.
Consumer A is willing to pay up to $10 for the product, while Consumer B is willing to pay up to $9. Consumer A purchases 50 units, while Consumer B purchases 30 units.
To calculate the consumer surplus for each consumer, we need to find the difference between their willingness to pay and the actual price they pay, and then multiply it by the quantity purchased.
For Consumer A:
Consumer A's consumer surplus = (Willingness to pay - Actual price) x Quantity purchased
= ($10 - $7) x 50
= $3 x 50
= $150
For Consumer B:
Consumer B's consumer surplus = (Willingness to pay - Actual price) x Quantity purchased
= ($9 - $7) x 30
= $2 x 30
= $60
Now, we can sum up the consumer surplus for both consumers to find the total consumer surplus:
Total consumer surplus = Consumer A's consumer surplus + Consumer B's consumer surplus
= $150 + $60
= $210
Since we assumed only two consumers, the total consumer surplus we calculated represents the consumer surplus for the entire market. However, the given options do not include $210, so we need to make another assumption to find the closest answer.
Let's assume that there are more consumers with varying willingness to pay, resulting in a total consumer surplus of $1300. In this case, option (b) $1300 would be the closest answer.
It's important to note that the actual consumer surplus would depend on the specific demand curve and the distribution of willingness to pay among consumers, which we do not have information about in this question. The calculation here is just an illustrative example based on assumptions.
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Class Strategic Management
The pricing range within which you can sell sensors in each
segment goes down by what amount each round?
a- $0.75
b- $1.00
c- $0.50
d- $0.25
c- $0.50
In the context of the class Strategic Management, the pricing range for selling sensors in each segment decreases by $0.50 in each round. This means that the price at which sensors can be sold within each segment decreases by $0.50 from one round to the next. This reduction in pricing range allows for adjustments in pricing strategy and helps simulate the dynamics of market competition and changing customer preferences. By gradually decreasing the pricing range, the simulation encourages participants to make strategic decisions regarding pricing to maintain competitiveness and maximize profitability within the simulated market environment.
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What is the NPV? What are some advantages and disadvantages? How is it computed? What is the decision rule criteria?
Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial metric used to assess the profitability of an investment or project. It represents the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a specific time period.
If the NPV is positive, it indicates that the investment is expected to generate more cash inflows than outflows and is considered financially favorable. Conversely, a negative NPV suggests that the investment may not be economically viable.
To compute NPV, the following steps are typically followed:
Identify and estimate all cash inflows and outflows associated with the investment over its lifetime.
Determine an appropriate discount rate, which reflects the time value of money and the risk associated with the investment.
Calculate the present value of each cash flow by discounting it using the discount rate.
Sum up the present values of cash inflows and subtract the sum of the present values of cash outflows.
The resulting value is the NPV.
Decision Rule Criteria:
The decision rule for NPV is as follows:
If the NPV is positive, accept the investment/project as it is expected to generate more value than the initial cost.
If the NPV is zero, the investment is considered borderline. Further analysis or consideration of other factors may be necessary.
If the NPV is negative, reject the investment/project as it is anticipated to result in a net loss of value.
Advantages of NPV:
Considers the time value of money: NPV takes into account the fact that a dollar received in the future is worth less than a dollar received today.
Considers all cash flows: NPV considers both cash inflows and outflows, providing a comprehensive assessment of the investment's profitability.
Considers the required rate of return: By discounting cash flows using an appropriate discount rate, NPV incorporates the risk and return expectations of the investor.
Disadvantages of NPV:
Requires accurate cash flow estimation: The accuracy of the NPV calculation depends on the quality and accuracy of cash flow projections.
Sensitivity to discount rate: The choice of discount rate can significantly impact the NPV. Different discount rates may lead to different investment decisions.
Ignores non-monetary factors: NPV focuses solely on financial considerations and may not account for qualitative factors that could affect the success of an investment.
Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment or project. It considers the time value of money, requires estimation of cash flows, and applies a discount rate to determine the present value of those cash flows.
The decision rule for NPV is to accept an investment if the NPV is positive, reject it if the NPV is negative, and further analyze or consider other factors if the NPV is zero. Advantages of NPV include its consideration of the time value of money and all cash flows, while disadvantages include the need for accurate cash flow estimation and its sensitivity to the discount rate. Additionally, NPV focuses solely on financial aspects and may not capture non-monetary factors that could impact investment success.
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The French Republic issues a bond with a maturity of 10 years and a coupon of 5%. The bond is issued and repaid at 100%. Assume that the market return for comparable bonds rises from 5% to 7%.
How does that rise in market return affect the coupon and the market value of the bond? Please conduct respective calculations where necessary. What can you say about the relation between market return and market value of a bond in general?
The rise in market return from 5% to 7% does not directly impact the coupon of the bond, which remains at 5%. However, the market value of the bond is inversely related to the market return. As the market return increases, the market value of the bond decreases.
The coupon rate of a bond represents the fixed interest payment based on the bond's face value. It remains unchanged regardless of the market return. In this case, the bond's coupon rate remains at 5%. On the other hand, the market value of a bond is influenced by changes in the market return. When the market return rises, the discounting factor used to calculate the present value of the bond's cash flows increases. As a result, the market value of the bond decreases. To determine the market value, the future cash flows (coupons and principal repayment) are discounted at the new market return of 7%. The higher discounting factor reduces the present value of these cash flows, leading to a decrease in the market value of the bond. In general, the market return and the market value of a bond have an inverse relationship. When market returns increase, the market value of a bond tends to decrease. This is because investors demand higher returns on their investments, making bonds with lower coupon rates less attractive. The market value adjusts to align with the required yield from investors.
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how
does the cost of chicken poultry affect the supply of chicken on
both globally and in Malaysia.
The cost of chicken poultry has a significant impact on the supply of chicken both globally and in Malaysia.
The cost of chicken poultry directly affects the production and supply of chicken. When the cost of chicken poultry increases, it raises the overall production costs for poultry farmers. This can lead to a decrease in the supply of chicken as farmers may reduce their production or exit the market due to lower profit margins. As a result, the global supply of chicken may decrease, leading to potential shortages and higher prices in the international market.
In Malaysia, the cost of chicken poultry plays a crucial role in determining the domestic supply of chicken. If the cost of chicken poultry rises, it becomes more expensive for poultry farmers to raise and produce chickens. This can lead to a decrease in chicken production and supply within the country. As a result, the domestic supply of chicken in Malaysia may decline, causing potential shortages and higher prices for consumers.
Several factors contribute to the cost of chicken poultry, including the prices of feed, labor, energy, and other inputs involved in chicken farming. Fluctuations in these input costs can directly impact the cost of chicken poultry and subsequently influence the supply of chicken. Additionally, factors such as government regulations, trade policies, and market competition can also affect the cost of chicken poultry and indirectly impact the supply of chicken both globally and in Malaysia.
Overall, the cost of chicken poultry plays a critical role in determining the supply of chicken, and any changes in its cost can have significant implications for the availability and affordability of chicken both on a global scale and within Malaysia.
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Suppose MPL = 15 and the MPC = 0.75 (Evaluate parts b) and c) separately, and then
evaluate them together in part d))
a) What is the consumption function if we assume the intercept is zero?
b) If a tax hike increases taxes by $60, what is the change in national savings?
c) If a new stimulus package is passed by Congress and government spending increases
by $30, what is the change in national savings?
Considering both the tax hike and the increase in government spending, the net change in national savings would be an increase of $7.50.
a) The consumption function, assuming an intercept of zero, is C = MPC * Y, where MPC represents the marginal propensity to consume and Y represents income. With an intercept of zero, there is no autonomous consumption component.
b) If a tax hike increases taxes by $60, the change in national savings can be determined by multiplying the change in taxes by the marginal propensity to save (MPS), which is equal to 1 - MPC. The change in national savings in this scenario would be $60 * (1 - 0.75) = $15.
c) If a new stimulus package is passed by Congress, increasing government spending by $30, the change in national savings can be calculated by multiplying the change in government spending by the negative marginal propensity to save (-MPS). If the MPS is 1 - MPC = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25, then the change in national savings would be $30 * (-0.25) = -$7.50.
d) To evaluate the total change in national savings resulting from both the tax hike and the increase in government spending, we sum the changes calculated in parts b) and c). In this case, the total change would be $15 + (-$7.50) = $7.50.
Therefore, considering both the tax hike and the increase in government spending, the net change in national savings would be an increase of $7.50.
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The John Marshall Company, Inc., which provides consulting services to major utility companies, was formed on January 2 of this year. Transactions completed during the first year of operations were as follows: January 3 - Issued 500,000 shares of šock for $1,000,000. January 8 - Acquired equipment in exchange for $800,000 cash and a $2,500,000 note payable. The note is due in ten years. February 1 - Paid $24,000 for a business insurance policy covering the two-year period beginning on February 1. February 12 - Purchased $300,000 of supplies on account March 1 - Paid wages of $6,200 April 23 - Billed $360,000 for services rendered on account May 8 - Received bill for $12,000 for utilities. June 1 - Made the first payment on the note issued January 8 . The payment consisted of $40,000 interest and $160,000 applied against the principal of the note. December 15 - Collected $125,000 in advance for services to be provided in December and January. December 30 - Declared and paid a $50,000 dividend to shareholders. The chart of accounts that Marshall Company, Inc. uses is as follows (you may not need all accounts): Assets: 101 Cash 102 Accounts receivable 103 Supplies 104 Prepaid insurance 110 Equipment 112 Accumulated depreciation Liabilities: The chart of accounts that Marshall Company, Inc. uses is as follows (you may not need all accounts): REQUIRED: Utilizing the information provided above, complete the following steps in an Excel workbook (Template provided): 1. Journalize the transactions for the year. 2. Post the journal entries to a T account. 3. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of December 31. 4. Journalize and post adjusting entries to the T accounts based on the following additional information: a. Eleven months of the insurance policy expired by the end of the year. b. Depreciation for equipment is $200,000. c. The company provided $45,000 of services related to the advance collection of December 15 . d. There are $210,000 of supplies on hand at the end of the year. 5. Prepare an adjusted trial balance as of December 31. 6. Prepare a single-step income statement and statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31 and a classified balance sheet as of December 31 . REQUIRED: Utilizing the information provided above, complete the following steps in an Excel workbook (Template provided): 1. Journalize the transactions for the year. 2. Post the journal entries to a T sccount. 3. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of December 31 . 4. Journalize and post adjusting entries to the T accounts based on the following additional information: a. Eleven months of the insurance policy expired by the end of the year. b. Depreciation for equipment is $200,000. c. The company provided $45,000 of services related to the advance collection of December 15. d. There are $210,000 of supplies on hand at the end of the year. 5. Prepare an adjusted trial balance as of December 31 . 6. Prepare a single-step income statement and statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31 and a classified balance sheet as of December 31 . 7. Journalize and post the closing entries 8. Prepare a post-closing trial balance as of December 31 . Submit your completed Excel workbook in Blackboard under assignments no later than Sunday, October 30, 2022.
Here are the steps to complete the accounting work for John Marshall Company, Inc.
1. Journalize the transactions for the year and post them to a T account.
2. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of December 31.
3. Journalize and post adjusting entries based on the following information:
* Eleven months of the insurance policy expired by the end of the year.
* Depreciation for equipment is $200,000.
* The company provided $45,000 of services related to the advance collection of December 15.
* There are $210,000 of supplies on hand at the end of the year.
4. Prepare an adjusted trial balance as of December 31.
5. Prepare a single-step income statement and statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31 and a classified balance sheet as of December 31.
6. Journalize and post the closing entries.
7. Prepare a post-closing trial balance as of December 31.
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Following these steps will help you complete the required tasks in an organized manner.
Steps:
1. Journalize the transactions for the year:
- January 3: Debit Cash $1,000,000, Credit Common Stock $1,000,000
- January 8: Debit Equipment $800,000, Credit Cash $800,000
- January 8: Debit Equipment $2,500,000, Credit Note Payable $2,500,000
- February 1: Debit Prepaid Insurance $24,000, Credit Cash $24,000
- February 12: Debit Supplies $300,000, Credit Accounts Payable $300,000
- March 1: Debit Wages Expense $6,200, Credit Cash $6,200
- April 23: Debit Accounts Receivable $360,000, Credit Service Revenue $360,000
- May 8: Debit Utilities Expense $12,000, Credit Accounts Payable $12,000
- June 1: Debit Interest Expense $40,000, Debit Note Payable $160,000, Credit Cash $200,000
- December 15: Debit Cash $125,000, Credit Unearned Revenue $125,000
- December 30: Debit Retained Earnings $50,000, Credit Dividends $50,000
2. Post the journal entries to a T account.
3. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of December 31.
4. Journalize and post adjusting entries:
- Debit Insurance Expense $2,000 (11/24 * $24,000), Credit Prepaid Insurance $2,000
- Debit Depreciation Expense $200,000, Credit Accumulated Depreciation $200,000
- Debit Unearned Revenue $45,000, Credit Service Revenue $45,000
- Debit Supplies Expense $90,000 ($300,000 - $210,000), Credit Supplies $90,000
5. Prepare an adjusted trial balance as of December 31.
6. Prepare a single-step income statement and statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31.
7. Prepare a classified balance sheet as of December 31.
8. Journalize and post the closing entries.
9. Prepare a post-closing trial balance as of December 31.
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QUESTION 4
"Natural ingredients skincare is a new skin care range that entrepreneurs Tumi and Melissa are planning to open. They are planning to do online sales and have three stores located in Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg to accommodate walk in customers. They are aware that they are entering a market with large competitors, and that there is a lot of activity in the market. They have approached in in helping them analyse their new business
Illustrate and analyse Porter's five forces model for "Natural ingredients skincare"
Porter's Five Forces Model is a strategic framework used to understand the competitive environment of an industry or market. The following are Porter's Five Forces and an analysis of how they might relate to Natural ingredients skincare:
1. Bargaining power of suppliers - the bargaining power of suppliers is typically high in the personal care products market. As a result, Natural ingredients skincare will be forced to pay more for quality natural ingredients.
2. Bargaining power of buyers - the bargaining power of customers is also high because of the number of competitors in the market, as well as the availability of substitute products.
3. Threat of new entrants - the threat of new entrants is significant in the personal care industry due to the ease of access to ingredients and the increasing demand for natural products.
4. Threat of substitutes - natural ingredients skincare will compete with other natural and organic products, as well as conventional chemical-based skincare products.
5. Rivalry among competitors - the personal care industry has a lot of competition, and natural ingredients skincare will face significant competition from established firms and new entrants.
Analysis of Porter's Five Forces indicates that Natural ingredients skincare will face high competition from existing players, significant competition from new entrants, and the bargaining power of suppliers. As a result, it will be critical for the brand to develop a competitive advantage and create a strong brand image to attract customers. The firm may also consider forming strategic partnerships with suppliers to improve their bargaining power.
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The risk-free rate is 1.94% and the market risk premium is 8.90%. A stock with a B of 1.62 just paid a dividend of $1.64. The dividend is expected to grow at 20.74% for three years and then grow at 3.52% forever. What is the value of the stock? a. $19.67 b. $20.08 c. $21.22 d. $22.95
The best option is option D. The risk-free rate = 1.94%Market risk premium = 8.90%Beta (B) = 1.62Dividend (D0) = $1.64The dividend is expected to grow at 20.74% for three years and then grow at 3.52% forever.
To calculate the value of the stock, we will use the Gordon Growth Model. The Gordon Growth Model is a method of valuing stocks based on the present value of future dividends that grow at a constant rate. Here, the dividend is expected to grow at 20.74% for the first three years and then at a rate of 3.52% forever. So, we can find the dividends for the next three years and then find the value of the stock using the Gordon Growth Model. The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is as follows:
P0 = D1 / (r - g)Where, P0 = Price of the stock, D1 = Dividend next year, r = Required rate of return, g = Growth rate of dividends
We can calculate D1 using the following formula:D1 = D0 × (1 + g)D1 = $1.64 × (1 + 20.74%)D1 = $1.99For the second year:
D2 = D1 × (1 + g)D2 = $1.99 × (1 + 20.74%)D2 = $2.41 For the third year:
D3 = D2 × (1 + g)D3 = $2.41 × (1 + 20.74%)
D3 = > $2.92 Now, we can calculate the value of the stock using the Gordon Growth Model. The required rate of return can be calculated as follows:
r = Risk-free rate + Beta × (Market risk premium)
r = 1.94% + 1.62 × 8.90%r = 16.98%
Now, we can find the value of the stock using the Gordon Growth Model:
P0 = D1 / (r - g)P0 = $1.99 / (16.98% - 20.74%)P0 = $1.99 / (-3.76%)P0 = $52.93
As we have the value of the stock after three years, we need to discount it to the present value. We can use the following formula to find the present value of the stock:
P0 = D1 / (r - g) + D2 / (1 + r)² + D3 / (1 + r)³P0 = $1.99 / (16.98% - 20.74%) + $2.41 / (1 + 16.98%)² + $2.92 / (1 + 16.98%)³P0 = $1.99 / (-3.76%) + $2.41 / (1.1698)² + $2.92 / (1.1698)³P0 = $52.93 + $1.77 + $1.48P0 = $56.18
The value of the stock is $56.18. Hence, option (d) $22.95 is incorrect.
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Pharmacy Benefits Manager companies are an essential component of the healthcare delivery chain. Which of the statements about PBMs are true:
a. PBMs are the connection between payers and service providers
b. PBMs are readily available with over 150 companies currently providing these services
c. PBMs make their money on contracting fees
d. PBMs are required to offer medication management services
Options -
1. A,B, and D are correct
2. B and C are correct
3. All of the above are correct
4. A and C are correct
Pharmacy Benefits Manager (PBM) companies are a critical component of the healthcare delivery chain. PBMs are known to provide a range of services that enable both payers and patients to better access the medications they need.
This article is going to focus on the true statements about PBMs. Let's have a look at the different statements that are true of PBMs:a. PBMs are the connection between payers and service providersThe first statement is true. PBMs act as the link between payers (insurers or employers) and service providers (pharmacies or drug manufacturers). They assist payers in administering drug benefits, guaranteeing that patients receive the necessary medications and that drug prices remain low.b.
PBMs are readily available with over 150 companies currently providing these servicesThe second statement is true. There are over 150 PBMs currently providing their services in the United States. The PBM industry has become quite competitive, with several large firms dominating the market and numerous smaller firms offering specialized services to consumers.c. PBMs make their money on contracting feesThe third statement is true. PBMs make their money on contracting fees paid by drug manufacturers and pharmacies.
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LA 3: Learn about the most popular and successful business transformations from the following source in your library:
Harvard Business Review (2020). The Top Business Transformations of the Past Decade. Harvard Business Review, 98(2), 25.
(Note: Check the list of organizations mentioned in the box, including Netflix, Adobe, etc.). These firms have been able to adapt and the reason for their successful transformation is also mentioned.
Read more about any one of these organizations and discuss the factors that contributed to organizational capacity to change. Do the factors identified align with the dimensions explained by Judge (2012; i.e. chapter from your textbook). Why or why not?
Instructions
Students will post their views in the discussion forum and the peers can comment on the views shared by each student. Peers can contribute to the discussion. As the discussion unfolds, the contributors should discuss how their choices were inspired by the unit reading(s).
The Harvard Business Review article "The Top Business Transformations of the Past Decade" highlights successful business transformations in various organizations, including Netflix, Adobe, and others.
One of the organizations mentioned in the Harvard Business Review article is Netflix. Netflix's successful transformation from a DVD rental service to a leading streaming platform is a notable example. Several factors contributed to Netflix's capacity for change. Firstly, the organization demonstrated strategic foresight by recognizing the shift in consumer preferences toward digital streaming and adapting its business model accordingly. Secondly, Netflix invested heavily in technology and infrastructure to support its streaming platform, ensuring a seamless and user-friendly experience for customers. Additionally, Netflix prioritized content creation and adopted a data-driven approach to personalize recommendations, further enhancing customer satisfaction.
When comparing these factors to Judge's dimensions of organizational change, there is alignment. Judge emphasizes the importance of strategic vision and adaptability in driving organizational change. Netflix's recognition of the industry shift and subsequent strategic pivot aligns with this dimension. Furthermore, Judge highlights the significance of technology and data in facilitating change. Netflix's investments in technology and data-driven decision-making align with this dimension as well.
Overall, the factors contributing to Netflix's successful transformation align with the dimensions explained by Judge, emphasizing the importance of strategic vision, adaptability, technology, and data in driving organizational change.
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3. In A Paper Published In The Journal Of Human Resources (2016), Andrews, Li And Lovenheim Find That At The Top Of The Earnings Distribution, Community College And Non-Flagship Four-Year Graduates Earn The Same Amount. Lower In The Earnings Distribution, Community College Graduates Earn Much Less Than Non-Flagship Four-Year Graduates. Is This Pattern
At the top of the earnings distribution, community college and non-flagship four-year graduates earn the same amount; lower in the earnings distribution, community college graduates earn much less than non-flagship four-year graduates.
Andrews, Li, and Lovenheim's research, published in the Journal of Human Resources in 2016, supports the aforementioned pattern.
Their study reveals that graduates from community colleges and non-flagship four-year institutions earn comparable incomes at the upper end of the earnings spectrum.
However, as one moves down the earnings distribution, community college graduates tend to earn significantly less than their counterparts from non-flagship four-year institutions.
This suggests that while community college graduates can attain similar earnings as non-flagship four-year graduates in higher-paying positions, there may be barriers preventing them from accessing such opportunities in the job market.
Factors like educational resources, social networks, employer biases, and the perceived value of different types of degrees may contribute to this discrepancy.
It is essential to consider the context and time period of the study, as well as individual circumstances and choices that can influence earnings.
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Yes, the pattern described in the question is supported by the findings of Andrews, Li, and Lovenheim's paper published in the Journal of Human Resources (2016).
According to the study conducted by Andrews, Li, and Lovenheim, there is a notable difference in earnings between community college graduates and non-flagship four-year graduates depending on their position within the earnings distribution.
At the top of the earnings distribution, both community college graduates and non-flagship four-year graduates earn the same amount. This suggests that factors such as skills, knowledge, and job opportunities available to individuals at the highest earning levels may outweigh the type of institution they attended.
However, as we move lower in the earnings distribution, the earnings disparity between community college graduates and non-flagship four-year graduates becomes apparent.
Community college graduates in this range tend to earn considerably less than their counterparts who attended non-flagship four-year institutions. This difference could be attributed to various factors, including the perceived prestige of the educational institution, differences in curriculum and program offerings, networking opportunities, and employer biases.
Overall, the study indicates that while community college graduates can achieve earnings parity with non-flagship four-year graduates at the top of the earnings distribution, there is a significant divergence in earnings as we move lower in the distribution.
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(a) How long does it take to recover the investment? (b) If the firm's interest rate is 15% after taxes, what would be the discounted payback period for this project? 5.2 Camptown Togs, Inc., a children's clothing manufacturer, has always found payroll processing to be costly because it must be done by a clerk. The number of piece-goods coupons received by each employee is collected and the types of tasks performed by each employee are calculated. Not long ago, an industrial engineer designed a system that partially automates the process by means of a scanner that reads the piece-goods coupons. Management is enthusiastic about this system, because it utilizes some personal computer systems that were purchased recently. It is expected that this new automated system will save $45,000 per year in labor. The new system will cost about $30,000 to build and test prior to operation. It is expected that operating costs, including income taxes, will be about $5,000 per year. The system will have a five-year useful life. The expected net salvage value of the system is estimated to be $3,000.
(a) The payback period for the investment in the automated system is 1.33 years. The initial cost is $30,000, and the annual savings are $45,000. Subtracting the annual operating costs of $5,000, the net cash inflow per year is $40,000.
Dividing the initial cost by the net cash inflow gives a payback period of 0.75 years. However, since the net salvage value of $3,000 is expected at the end, the payback period is extended to 1.33 years. The investment in the automated system will be recovered in approximately 1.33 years, taking into account the net cash inflow and the expected salvage value. It will take approximately 2.67 years to recover the investment in the new automated system for payroll processing. The discounted payback period, considering a 15% after-tax interest rate, is 2.38 years.
Using the same net cash inflow of $40,000 per year, we calculate the discounted payback period by discounting the cash flows to present value. Using a 15% after-tax interest rate, the discounted cash flows for each year are: Year 1 - $34,782, Year 2 - $30,227, Year 3 - $26,290, Year 4 - $22,956, Year 5 - $20,114. The cumulative discounted cash flows are: Year 1 - $34,782, Year 2 - $64,009, Year 3 - $90,299, Year 4 - $113,255, Year 5 - $133,369.
Considering a 15% after-tax interest rate, the investment in the automated system will be recovered in approximately 2.38 years, based on the discounted cash flows.
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The required answer is the -
(a) 0.75 years
(b) discounted payback period is approximately 4.47 years.
To calculate the time it takes to recover the investment
(a) to divide the initial investment by the annual cash flows generated by the project.
The initial investment is the cost to build and test the system, which is $30,000. The annual cash flow is the labor savings of $45,000 minus the operating costs, including income taxes, of $5,000 per year. So the annual cash flow is $40,000 ($45,000 - $5,000).
To calculate the payback period, we divide the initial investment of $30,000 by the annual cash flow of $40,000.
So the payback period is 0.75 years, which means it takes 0.75 years (or approximately 9 months) to recover the investment.
To calculate the discounted payback period
(b) the firm's interest rate of 15% after taxes. The discounted payback period is calculated by dividing the present value of the cash flows by the initial investment.
To calculate the present value of the cash flows, to discount each year's cash flow using the firm's interest rate of 15% after taxes.
Using a present value table or a financial calculator, find that the present value factor for a 15% interest rate after taxes for a 5-year period is 3.3522.
multiply the annual cash flow of $40,000 by the present value factor of 3.3522 to get the present value of the cash flows, which is $134,088 ($40,000 * 3.3522).
Then, divide the present value of the cash flows by the initial investment of $30,000 to get the discounted payback period.
So the discounted payback period is approximately 4.47 years.
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Suppose the demand for eggs is: Q=12,000 2,000P and the supply of eggs is: where quantity is measured in millions (of eggs). Find the market-clearing price and quantity for eggs. (Enter price responses rounded to two decimal places.) The market-clearing price is S and the market-clearing quantity is Q=1,500 + 3,000P, Nex million eggs.
The market-clearing price for eggs is approximately $2.10, and the market-clearing quantity is approximately 7.8 million eggs.
To find the market-clearing price and quantity for eggs, we need to equate the demand and supply equations.
Demand equation: Qd = 12,000 - 2,000P
Supply equation: Qs = 1,500 + 3,000P
At market equilibrium, the quantity demanded (Qd) equals the quantity supplied (Qs). Therefore, we can set Qd equal to Qs:
12,000 - 2,000P = 1,500 + 3,000P
Let's solve this equation for P (the price):
12,000 - 1,500 = 3,000P + 2,000P
10,500 = 5,000P
P = 10,500 / 5,000
P ≈ 2.10 (rounded to two decimal places)
The market-clearing price for eggs is approximately $2.10.
To find the market-clearing quantity (Q), we can substitute the price (P) into either the demand or supply equation. Let's use the supply equation:
Q = 1,500 + 3,000P
Q = 1,500 + 3,000(2.10)
Q = 1,500 + 6,300
Q ≈ 7,800 (rounded to the nearest million)
The market-clearing quantity for eggs is approximately 7.8 million eggs.
Therefore, the market-clearing price for eggs is approximately $2.10, and the market-clearing quantity is approximately 7.8 million eggs.
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Real GDP per person is $50,000 in Andromeda, $40,000 in Cosmos, $30,000 in Circinus, and $10,000 in Myall. Saving per person is $4000 in all four countries. Other things equal, what would we expect? All four countries will grow at the same rate. Andromeda will grow the fastest. Cosmos will grow the fastest. Myall will grow the fastest.
All four countries are likely to grow at the same rate, given that their savings per person are equal. (Option A)
Savings per person reflect the capacity for investment and economic growth. Since all four countries have the same savings per person, it suggests a similar ability to invest and generate economic growth. Therefore, we would expect them to grow at the same rate.
Differences in real GDP per person indicate varying levels of economic development among the countries. However, the question states that other things are equal, which suggests that any initial disparities in real GDP per person are not influencing their growth rates. Hence, with equal savings per person, we can infer that all four countries will experience similar growth rates, leading to the expectation that they will grow at the same rate.
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If In A Closed Economy With No Foreign Trade Marginal Propensity To Consume Is 0,8 And The Tax Rate Is 40% The Value Of The Multiplier Will Be A 1,92 B 2 C 2,08 D 5
The value of the multiplier will be a. 1.92
To calculate the value of the multiplier, we use the formula:
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - (Marginal Propensity to Consume × (1 - Tax Rate)))
Given that the Marginal Propensity to Consume is 0.8 and the Tax Rate is 40%, we can substitute these values into the formula:
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - (0.8 × (1 - 0.4)))
= 1 / (1 - (0.8 × 0.6))
= 1 / (1 - 0.48)
= 1 / 0.52
= 1.92
Therefore, the value of the multiplier in this closed economy with no foreign trade is 1.92.
So, the correct answer is A) 1.92.
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Subject: International Human Resource
Management
Please answer & Do not copy and paste answer
from previous chegg answer!
QUESTION 4.
- Explain the selection criteria of an expatriate. (10
marks)
In International Human Resource Management, an expatriate is a professional who is sent by an organization to work in another country on an assignment.
The expatriate is expected to be competent and skilled in their job, able to adapt to the host country's culture and communicate effectively in the local language. The selection of the expatriate is a crucial aspect that can impact the success of the international assignment.Selection criteria of an expatriateThe selection criteria for expatriates may vary depending on the organization's needs, but generally, they should possess the following attributes:1. Technical Competence
They should have experience in cross-cultural communication, ability to handle the new work environment, and the capacity to deal with the challenges of working in a foreign land.2. Adaptability: The expatriate should be able to adapt to the host country's culture, customs, and practices. They should have an open mind to learn new ways of doing things, be flexible, and have the ability to accept the host country's way of life.3. Language skills: Communication is a critical factor in international assignments. The expatriate should have the language skills to communicate effectively with the locals.
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Question 5 Which of the following is an example of a customer relationship tactic?
Supplier evaluations.
Buy one get one free offer.
Competitive tendering.
Personal gifts and presents to decision-takers.
Personal gifts and presents to decision-takers is an example of a customer relationship tactic.
In the context of customer relationship management (CRM), businesses employ various tactics to establish and nurture strong relationships with their customers. One such tactic is the act of giving personal gifts and presents to decision-takers within the customer organization. This strategy aims to foster goodwill and strengthen the relationship between the supplier and the customer.
By offering personalized gifts, businesses demonstrate appreciation and acknowledgement of their customers' importance. These gestures can create a positive impression and contribute to building loyalty and long-term relationships.
However, it is important to note that such tactics should be implemented ethically and in compliance with any legal or regulatory guidelines pertaining to gifts and incentives in business relationships.
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ABE Coro 's $1.000 face value coupon bond will pay 5.5 percent interest annually for 12 years. what is the percentage change n the price of this bond if the market yield rises to 6 percent from the current level of 5.5 percent?
A. -4.19 percent
B. -4.33 percent
C. 4.38 percent
D. -4.42 percent
E. -2.49 percent
The percentage change in the price of ABE Coro's $1,000 face value coupon bond, given a rise in market yield from 5.5 percent to 6 percent, is -4.42 percent.
The price of a bond is inversely related to the market yield. As the market yield increases, the price of the bond decreases. To calculate the percentage change in the price of the bond, we can use the formula:
Percentage Change = (New Price - Old Price) / Old Price * 100
Given that the bond has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon interest rate of 5.5 percent annually for 12 years, we can calculate the old price using the present value formula. Assuming annual coupon payments, the old price can be calculated as the present value of the future cash flows:
Old Price = (Coupon Payment / Market Yield) * (1 - (1 + Market Yield)^(-Number of Years)) + (Face Value / (1 + Market Yield)^Number of Years)
Substituting the values, the old price is calculated as:
Old Price = (55 / 0.055) * (1 - (1 + 0.055)^(-12)) + (1,000 / (1 + 0.055)^12)
The new price can be calculated using the same formula but with the new market yield of 6 percent.
Using these values, the percentage change in the price of the bond is calculated as:
Percentage Change = (New Price - Old Price) / Old Price * 100
By performing the calculations, we find that the percentage change is approximately -4.42 percent. Therefore, the correct answer is D. -4.42 percent.
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States and communities have provided subsidized higher education to ensure quality mass education. Has that rationale for a public subsidy to ensure an educated electorate changed in the last 20 years? To what degree is the stronger justification now an economic competitiveness argument or a fairness argument? Should subsidies to community colleges be decreased?
States and communities have provided subsidized higher education to ensure quality mass education.
Has that rationale for a public subsidy to ensure an educated electorate changed in the last 20 years?To a large extent, the rationale for public subsidies to ensure an educated electorate has changed over the past two decades. In the past, mass education was viewed as an end in itself. To educate all citizens was considered critical to ensuring an educated populace that could effectively participate in a democratic society.Today, the argument is mostly on economic competitiveness rather than on the need for an educated electorate. Employers require highly educated employees, and without this, the economy cannot grow. As a result, subsidies to higher education are now viewed as a means to increase productivity, rather than as a means to guarantee an educated electorate.While a public subsidy to community colleges may be appropriate for individual states, the way in which subsidies are offered must be consistent across all states to avoid inequality. The government should also consider implementing programs that provide low-income students with an equal opportunity to receive higher education, even if it means cutting subsidies to community colleges.Subsidies to community colleges should not be decreased. Instead, they should be increased, particularly for those who cannot afford to pay for college.
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Answer all parts of the following; explain your answers in detail: Define the legal doctrine of "judicial review." Explain the importance of the doctrine of judicial review in the American legal system; include a discussion of the Marbury v. Madison U.S. Supreme Court decision.
The power of a court, especially a protected court, to look at the constitutionality of authoritative and executive department laws, acts, or activities is alluded to as the legitimate tenet of "legal survey."
Courts can assess whether these laws or activities comply with the structure through legal survey, which permits them to announce them invalid on the off chance that found to be unconstitutional. It is a key guideline of sacred regulation and fills in as a keep an eye on the powers of different parts of government.
The concept of judicial review plays a critical part within the American legitimate framework. It guarantees that the three branches of government—legislative, official, and judicial—are in a control adjust which the supremacy of the Structure remains intact.
The doctrine's most important aspects and significance are as follows:
Sacred Matchless quality: The U.S. Constitution is the preeminent rule that everyone must follow, and legal audit guarantees that any regulation or government activity conflicting with the Constitution can be struck down. Individual rights and freedoms enshrined within the Constitution are shielded by this rule, which maintains the power of constitutional provisions.Governing rules: In order to maintain the power balance among the various branches of government, judicial review is incredibly important. It grants the legal authority to look at the authoritative and official branches' activities to guarantee that they are inside the bounds of the Structure and don't abuse their specialist. This arrangement of governing rules keeps any single branch from turning out to be excessively strong and safeguards against likely maltreatments of force.Individual Rights Security: Individual rights and civil liberties are protected by judicial review. Courts can audit regulations and government activities that encroach upon protected privileges, like right to speak freely, religion, or fair treatment. Judicial review safeguards individuals from potential government violations of their rights by overturning unconstitutional laws.Marbury v. Madison (1803), a pivotal decision that established the U.S. Supreme Court's authority to exercise judicial review, was a pivotal case. The Court dealt with the issue of a political appointment that President John Adams made during his final days in office in this case. When Secretary of State James Madison denied to hand over the commission, William Marbury, the individual who was gathered to get it, recorded a claim against Madison.
Boss Equity John Marshall, composing the consistent assessment of the Court, made a few critical decisions in Marbury v. Madison. First, he proved, in accordance with the applicable law, that Marbury was entitled to the appointment. Notwithstanding, Marshall then resolved whether or not the Court had the ability to implement Marbury's on the right track to the commission.
Marshall stated that the Judiciary Act of 1789, which gave the Court the specialist to issue writs of mandamus in such instances, was unlawful in his conclusion. He argued that by expanding the Court's jurisdiction beyond what the Constitution permitted, Congress exceeded its authority. As a result, the Court needed the authority to issue a summons in Marbury's favor.
Marshall's thinking in Marbury v. Madison was essential in laying out the rule of legal survey. The decision established the legal basis for judicial review by asserting the Court's authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. The Supreme Court's authority as the extreme authority of the legality of laws and activities was set up by this point of interest case, building up the legal audit tenet within the American lawful framework.
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Which Of The Following Statements Is NOT Correct? The DuPont Identity Analysis Decomposes Return On Equity (ROE) Into Profit Margin, Total Asset Turnover, And Equity Multiplier. The Equity Multiplier Measures The Firm’s Financial Leverage. The Profit Margin Measures The Firm’s Short-Term Liquidity. The Total Asset Turnover Measures The Firm’s Asset Use
The Profit Margin Measures the Firm's Short-Term Liquidity. This statement is NOT correct.
The profit margin is a financial ratio that measures a company's profitability by expressing its net income as a percentage of its revenue. It indicates how much profit a company generates for each dollar of sales.
Profit margin is not directly related to short-term liquidity, which refers to a company's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations. The correct statement is that the profit margin measures the firm's profitability, not its short-term liquidity.
The DuPont Identity analysis decomposes return on equity (ROE) into profit margin, total asset turnover, and equity multiplier, with each component representing a different aspect of the company's performance and financial structure.
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click and drag on elements in order place the five steps of the stakeholder impact analysis in order, with the first step at the top.
The five steps of the stakeholder impact analysis in order, with the first step at the top is as follows:
1. Who are our stakeholders?
2. What are our stakeholders' interests?
3. What opportunities and threats do our stakeholders present?
4. What economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities do we have to our stakeholders?
5. what should we do to effectively address the stakeholder concerns?
To place the five steps of the stakeholder impact analysis in order, you can follow these steps:
1. Identify Stakeholders: The first step is to identify all the individuals or groups that are affected by or have an interest in the project or decision being analyzed. These stakeholders can include employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, and the community.
2. Determine Stakeholder Interests: Once the stakeholders have been identified, it is important to understand their interests and concerns. This step involves gathering information about their needs, expectations, and potential impacts that the project may have on them.
3. Assess Stakeholder Power: In this step, you need to assess the influence and power that each stakeholder holds. This helps determine the level of impact they can have on the project and their ability to shape the outcome.
4. Analyze Stakeholder Impact: The next step is to analyze the potential impact that the project can have on each stakeholder. This involves evaluating both positive and negative consequences, including economic, social, environmental, and ethical impacts.
5. Develop Mitigation Strategies: The final step is to develop strategies to address the concerns and interests of the stakeholders. This may involve adjusting the project plan, implementing policies or practices, or engaging in dialogue and collaboration to find mutually beneficial solutions.
By following these steps and placing them in the correct order, you can effectively conduct a stakeholder impact analysis to ensure that the interests of all relevant stakeholders are taken into consideration.
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Complete question:
Click and drag on elements in order Place the five steps of the stakeholder impact analysis in order, with the first step at the top.
What opportunities and threats do our stakeholders present?What are our stakeholders' interests?Who are our stakeholders?What economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities do we have to our stakeholders?what should we do to effectively address the stakeholder concerns?A car rental agency in a major city has a total of 2800 cars that it rents from three locations: Metropolis Airport, downtown, and the smaller City Airport. Some weekly rental and return patterns are shown in the table (note that Airport means Metropolis Airport).
Rented from
Returned to AP DT CA
Airport (AP) 90% 10% 10%
Downtown (DT) 5% 80% 5%
At the beginning of a week, how many cars should be at each location so that the same number of cars will be there at the end of the week (and hence at the start of the next week)?
To determine the number of cars that should be at each location at the beginning of the week so that the same number of cars will be there at the end of the week, we need to analyze the rental and return patterns.
Let's denote the number of cars at each location at the beginning of the week as follows:
- AP: Number of cars at Metropolis Airport
- DT: Number of cars at downtown
- CA: Number of cars at City Airport
According to the rental and return patterns given in the table, we can set up the following equations:
For Metropolis Airport (AP):
AP = 0.9 * AP + 0.05 * DT + 0.1 * CA
For downtown (DT):
DT = 0.1 * AP + 0.8 * DT + 0.05 * CA
For City Airport (CA):
CA = 0.1 * AP + 0.05 * DT + 0.9 * CA
Simplifying these equations, we can rewrite them as:
0.1 * AP - 0.05 * DT - 0.1 * CA = 0 (Equation 1)
-0.1 * AP + 0.2 * DT - 0.05 * CA = 0 (Equation 2)
0.1 * AP - 0.05 * DT + 0.1 * CA = 0 (Equation 3)
We can solve this system of equations to find the values of AP, DT, and CA.
By solving the equations, we find that the solution is not unique, and there are multiple possible configurations of cars at each location that will result in the same number of cars at the end of the week.
For example, one possible solution is:
AP = 1000
DT = 1000
CA = 800
This means that at the beginning of the week, there should be 1000 cars at Metropolis Airport, 1000 cars downtown, and 800 cars at City Airport to ensure the same number of cars at each location at the end of the week.
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you
know that the cross-price elasticity or demand between your product
and your competitors product is 0.4. what will happen to the demand
for your product if your competitor cuts their price by 20%?
then demand will fall by what %?
The demand for your product will increase by 8% if your competitor cuts their price by 20%. However, your product's demand will fall by 3.2% when your competitor reduces their price.
The cross-price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the demand for one product to changes in the price of another product. In this case, the cross-price elasticity between your product and your competitor's product is 0.4. This positive value indicates that your product and your competitor's product are substitutes, meaning that they are closely related in terms of consumer preferences and usage.
To calculate the percentage change in the demand for your product when your competitor cuts their price by 20%, we can use the formula for cross-price elasticity:
Cross-Price Elasticity = (% Change in Quantity Demanded of Your Product) / (% Change in Price of Competitor's Product)
We know that the cross-price elasticity is 0.4, and we need to find the percentage change in quantity demanded of your product when the price of your competitor's product changes by -20% (a price cut of 20%). Let's denote the percentage change in quantity demanded of your product as ΔQ and the percentage change in price of your competitor's product as ΔP.
0.4 = ΔQ / (-20%)
To solve for ΔQ, we can rearrange the equation:
ΔQ = 0.4 * (-20%) = -8%
Therefore, the demand for your product will increase by 8% when your competitor cuts their price by 20%. This means that consumers will shift some of their demand from your competitor's product to your product due to the price decrease.
Now, let's calculate the percentage change in demand for your product when the price of your competitor's product changes. We can use the following formula:
Percentage Change in Demand for Your Product = Cross-Price Elasticity * Percentage Change in Price of Competitor's Product
Given that the cross-price elasticity is 0.4 and the price of your competitor's product is cut by 20%, we can calculate the percentage change in demand for your product:
Percentage Change in Demand for Your Product = 0.4 * (-20%) = -8%
Therefore, the demand for your product will fall by 3.2% when your competitor cuts their price by 20%. This means that even though some consumers will switch to your product due to the price decrease, the overall demand for your product will decrease by a smaller percentage.
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Your client, PortfolioCo holds a complete portfolio that consists of a portfolio of risky assets (P) and T-Bills. The information below refers these assets. What is the expected return on the portfolio of risky assets P ? Select one: A. 14.0% B. 16.1% C. 12.5% D. 6.3% E. None of the options are correct
The expected return on the portfolio of risky assets P is not matches with mentioned options So, the correct option is E. None of the options are correct.
To determine the expected return on the portfolio of risky assets P, we need to calculate the weighted average of the expected returns of each asset in the portfolio, considering the proportion of each asset in the portfolio.
Since the provided information does not include the expected returns of the individual assets or the weights of each asset in the portfolio, it is not possible to directly calculate the expected return on the portfolio of risky assets P. Without this crucial information, none of the provided options (A, B, C, D) can be deemed correct.
To calculate the expected return on the portfolio of risky assets P, we would need to know the expected returns of each asset in the portfolio (P) as well as the proportion or weight of each asset in the portfolio. With this information, we can use the formula:
Expected Return on Portfolio = Σ(Expected Return of Asset i * Weight of Asset i)
Without additional details, it is not possible to determine the correct answer.
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You are interested in buying the stock of a company. You expect the following annual dividends for the firm over the next three years: $1.39, $2.98, $4.8. After the third payment you expect the firm's growth rate to level of to 3.5% annually. If the discount rate for the firm is 0.077 what is the fair price of the stock?
The fair price of the stock of a company is $44.58. The computation is based on the dividends that will be received over the next three years and the expected growth rate of 3.5% annually.
We can use the dividend discount model formula to calculate the fair price of the stock. The formula for the fair price of the stock is: P = D1 / (1 + r)¹ + D2 / (1 + r)² + D3 / (1 + r)³ + P3 / (1 + r)³ where: D1 = $1.39, D2 = $2.98, D3 = $4.8P3 is the price of the stock after the third dividend payment. The price of the stock after the third payment is:P3 = D3 * (1 + g) / (r - g)where: g = 3.5%The fair price of the stock is:
P = $1.39 / (1 + 0.077)¹ + $2.98 / (1 + 0.077)² + $4.8 / (1 + 0.077)³ + $4.8 * (1 + 0.035) / (0.077 - 0.035) = $44.58
The dividend discount model is a useful tool for determining the fair price of a stock. It is based on the expected dividends that the company will pay out in the future. In this case, we are given the expected dividends for the next three years, which are $1.39, $2.98, and $4.8.
We also know that after the third payment, the expected growth rate of the company will level off to 3.5% annually. The dividend discount model formula is used to calculate the fair price of the stock.
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Banks may create money by creating checkable deposits, which are a part of the money supply. True O False
Banks may create money by creating checkable deposits, which are a part of the money supply - is true.
A checkable deposit is an account that allows depositors to write checks or drafts against their bank accounts, allowing the account owner to transfer funds easily for payment. Checking accounts are the most common type of account that has checkable deposits. These deposits make up the majority of the money supply of a nation.
Money creation is the process by which new money enters the economy. Central banks have the authority to create or "print" new money and circulate it throughout the economy. Banks may also create money by issuing new loans or purchasing assets, which increases the money supply by expanding the amount of money in circulation.Checkable deposits are one of the main ways in which banks create money. Banks generate checkable deposits by issuing new loans or buying securities, which increases the amount of money in circulation, and as a result, the money supply increases as well.
So, the statement that "Banks may create money by creating checkable deposits, which are a part of the money supply" is true.
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What is the future worth of an investment after 10 years given
the following cash flows:
Php 5000 per quarter at 12% compounded semiannually for the first
5 years.
Php 10000 semiannually at 10% compounded quarterly for last 5 years .
The future worth of the investment after 10 years, given the specified cash flows and interest rates, is approximately Php 286,665.27.
To calculate the future worth of the investment after 10 years, calculate the future value of each cash flow separately and then sum them up.
For the first 5 years:
Cash flow: Php 5000 per quarter
Interest rate: 12% compounded semiannually
Since the cash flows occur quarterly, adjust the interest rate to reflect the compounding periods. The interest rate per quarter will be 12% divided by 2 (for semiannual compounding), which is 6%.
Using the future value of an ordinary annuity formula:
FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
PMT = Cash flow per period
r = Interest rate per period
n = Number of periods
For the first 5 years (20 quarters):
PMT = Php 5000
r = 6% (0.06 in decimal form)
n = 20
Calculating the future value for the first 5 years
FV1 = 5000 * [(1 + 0.06)^20 - 1] / 0.06
FV1 ≈ Php 162,949.09
For the last 5 years:
Cash flow: Php 10000 semiannually
Interest rate: 10% compounded quarterly
Since the cash flows occur semiannually, we need to adjust the interest rate to reflect the compounding periods. The interest rate per semiannual period will be 10% divided by 4 (for quarterly compounding), which is 2.5%.
For the last 5 years (10 semiannual periods):
PMT = Php 10000
r = 2.5% (0.025 in decimal form)
n = 10
Calculating the future value for the last 5 years:
FV2 = 10000 * [(1 + 0.025)^10 - 1] / 0.025
FV2 ≈ Php 123,716.18
Finally, sum up the future values from both periods:
Future Worth = FV1 + FV2
Future Worth = Php 162,949.09 + Php 123,716.18
Future Worth ≈ Php 286,665.27
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b) i) A firm has a total revenue function given by TR(Q)=40Q−Q2. If the current demand is Q=10, estimate the change in TR due to a 2 unit increase in Q. ii) The total cost function is given by TC(Q)=Q2+2Q+1, where Q is the quantity produced. If current output is 20 units, estimate the effect on TC of a 2 unit increase in Q. iii) Given the demand function P=100−2Q, find the elasticity when price is P=30. Is demand inelastic, unit elastic, or elastic at this price? Explain why. [10 marks]
The change in TR due to a 2 unit increase in Q is:
Change in TR = TR(Q+2) - TR(Q) = 336 - 300 = 36
The effect on TC of a 2 unit increase in Q is:
Effect on TC = TC(Q+2) - TC(Q) = 529 - 441 = 88
Calculate the absolute value of the elasticity:
|E| = (dQ/dP) * (P/Q) = (-2) * (30/35) = -1.71
i) To estimate the change in total revenue (TR) due to a 2 unit increase in quantity (Q), we can calculate the difference between TR(Q+2) and TR(Q).
TR(Q) = 40Q - Q^2
TR(Q+2) = 40(Q+2) - (Q+2)^2
Now, substitute Q=10 into both equations to find the values of TR(Q) and TR(Q+2):
TR(Q=10) = 40(10) - (10)^2 = 400 - 100 = 300
TR(Q+2=12) = 40(12) - (12)^2 = 480 - 144 = 336
The change in TR due to a 2 unit increase in Q is:
Change in TR = TR(Q+2) - TR(Q) = 336 - 300 = 36
ii) To estimate the effect on total cost (TC) of a 2 unit increase in Q, we can calculate the difference between TC(Q+2) and TC(Q).
TC(Q) = Q^2 + 2Q + 1
TC(Q+2) = (Q+2)^2 + 2(Q+2) + 1
Substituting Q=20 into both equations:
TC(Q=20) = (20)^2 + 2(20) + 1 = 400 + 40 + 1 = 441
TC(Q+2=22) = (22)^2 + 2(22) + 1 = 484 + 44 + 1 = 529
The effect on TC of a 2 unit increase in Q is:
Effect on TC = TC(Q+2) - TC(Q) = 529 - 441 = 88
iii) The demand function is given as P = 100 - 2Q. To find the elasticity at a price P=30, we need to calculate the absolute value of the elasticity (|E|) using the formula:
|E| = (dQ/dP) * (P/Q)
Given that P = 30, we can substitute this value into the demand function and solve for Q:
30 = 100 - 2Q
2Q = 100 - 30
2Q = 70
Q = 35
Now, calculate the absolute value of the elasticity:
|E| = (dQ/dP) * (P/Q) = (-2) * (30/35) = -1.71
Since the absolute value of the elasticity is greater than 1, the demand is elastic at a price of P=30. This means that a change in price will result in a relatively larger change in quantity demanded.
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