(a) Fixed cost is defined as the cost that does not vary with changes in the level of production output. The fixed input in this case is the 81 units of capital. As such, the fixed changes of using 81 units of capital and 9 units of labor would be 81 × 25 = $2025.
(b) The variable cost is the cost that varies with changes in the level of production output. The variable input in this case is the labor. As such, the variable cost of using 81 units of capital and 9 units of labor would be 9 × 15 = $135.
(c) The average total cost (ATC) is calculated as the sum of total cost (TC) and total output (Q) or ATC = TC/Q. Total cost (TC) is the sum of fixed cost (FC) and variable cost (VC) or TC = FC + VC. Hence, the average total cost of using 81 units of capital and 9 units of labor would be:ATC = (FC + VC)/QATC = (2025 + 135)/(81×9)^0.5ATC = $30.
(d) The average variable cost (AVC) is the variable cost per unit of output. Hence, the average variable cost of using 81 units of capital and 9 units of labor would be:
AVC = VC/QAVC = 135/(81×9)^0.5AVC = $20.
(e) The average fixed cost (AFC) is the fixed cost per unit of output. Hence, the average fixed cost of using 81 units of capital and 9 units of labor would be:AFC = FC/QAFC = 2025/(81×9)^0.5AFC = $10.
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Which of the following is not a situational dimension affecting one's choice of compliance-gaining strategies?
a. dominance
b. intimacy
c. proximity
d. apprehension
The situational dimension that is not affecting one's choice of compliance-gaining strategies is apprehension. The correct answer is d. apprehension.
The situational dimensions that affect one's choice of compliance-gaining strategies refer to factors related to the situation or context in which the communication takes place. These dimensions help individuals determine the most effective approach to achieve compliance from others. The commonly recognized situational dimensions include dominance, intimacy, and proximity.
a. Dominance: Refers to the power or authority one person holds over another. It influences the choice of strategies, such as using direct orders or assertive approaches when dealing with subordinates or individuals of lower status.
b. Intimacy: Relates to the level of closeness or personal relationship between individuals. It affects the selection of strategies, such as using personal appeals or building rapport to influence compliance from friends, family, or close acquaintances.
c. Proximity: Refers to the physical or social distance between individuals. It influences the choice of strategies, such as using face-to-face communication, nonverbal cues, or social norms, depending on the level of proximity between the communicator and the target.
d. Apprehension: Apprehension refers to anxiety or fear of communicating with others. However, apprehension is not typically considered a situational dimension that directly affects the choice of compliance-gaining strategies. It is more related to personal traits or individual characteristics that may influence communication effectiveness.
Therefore, the answer is d. apprehension.
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ulman Interiors is the most respected interior design firm in Scranton. This success is partly due to its twenty design teams, each of which consists of about six technically diverse specialists, who are highly dependent on each other to complete projects. Most teams are well-established (have low turnover) and work together in the same offices. They coordinate and address conflicts effectively and have shared expectations of each other and the project’s goals. Pulman’s CEO wants to expand the firm into three other cities in Pennsylvania. This will initially require hiring staff quickly for another five or six teams. Some current staff will need to shift to new teams and work remotely with new hires located in the other cities.
Apply the team development model to evaluate teamwork at Pulman Interiors.
Explain why team mental models are important for the successful teams at Pulman Interiors.
Identify two factors that could undermine Pulman’s high-performing teamwork IF the company decides to expand its business.
The team development model, which was developed by Bruce Tuckman, explains the four stages of development that most teams go through before they can work together productively.
The four stages of development in a team are forming, storming, norming, and performing. The evaluation of teamwork at Pulman Interiors can be done using this model:
Forming: This phase entails forming the team, and individuals who are part of the team are usually polite and courteous as they get to know each other.Storming: This stage is characterized by conflicts and disagreements as individuals try to identify where they fit in the team's hierarchy.Norming: Team members have accepted each other, and the team has established guidelines, roles, and expectations.Performing: This is the main answer to the team development model as it is the stage where the team performs at its peak.Team mental models are important for the successful teams at Pulman Interiors because they allow for common understandings and shared expectations between members of a team. Team mental models are representations that team members hold in their heads of how things work in the team, what tasks need to be completed, and how team members should interact with each other. When the members of a team have a shared understanding of these mental models, they are better able to coordinate and communicate with each other. By sharing and agreeing on a common set of mental models, teams are able to operate more efficiently and reduce the likelihood of misunderstandings and conflicts.
Two factors that could undermine Pulman’s high-performing teamwork IF the company decides to expand its business are:
Communication breakdown: As Pulman expands into three other cities in Pennsylvania, there is a risk that communication channels could break down, resulting in conflicts and misunderstandings within and between teams. This could lead to an increase in employee turnover rates and could damage the company's reputation.
Poor leadership: Another factor that could undermine Pulman’s high-performing teamwork is poor leadership. As the company expands, there is a risk that the leadership structure could become too top-heavy, making it difficult for employees to communicate with managers and supervisors. In addition, managers may not be familiar with the culture of the new locations, leading to a lack of understanding and conflict.
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advertising by advocacy groups and governmental agencies that attempt to reduce demand for a product is called
Advertising by advocacy groups and governmental agencies that attempt to reduce demand for a product is called de-marketing.
De-marketing is a technique that can help businesses manage the cost and demand for their goods. This tactic can assist businesses in achieving their objectives for growth or profit. Understanding the demarketing tenets will help you implement these tactics in the workplace if you're interested in a career in marketing or other business-related fields.
Demarketing is the process through which a business creates plans to lower product consumption. Demarketing tries to restrict the reach of a product, in contrast to traditional marketing, which frequently motivates consumers to buy additional things. Companies can use it to regulate product consumption and pricing in a number of circumstances.
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portfolio? Negative valiue, if any, should be andicated by a minus alon. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your abwer to one decimal dace.
In finance, the portfolio is an assortment of financial assets held by a person or an institution. A portfolio can include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, cash, and commodities, among other things.
It can be a collection of a few or many assets that have been bought in the hopes of generating a profit over time. Portfolios can be managed by individuals, financial advisors, or professional investment managers. The following formula can be used to calculate the value of a portfolio:
Total Portfolio Value = (Quantity of Asset A x Price of Asset A) + (Quantity of Asset B x Price of Asset B) + (Quantity of Asset C x Price of Asset C) + ... + (Quantity of Asset N x Price of Asset N)
To determine if a portfolio has a negative value, the total portfolio value should be compared to the total cost of the assets in the portfolio. If the total portfolio value is less than the total cost, then the portfolio has a negative value. This can be indicated by a minus sign before the value of the portfolio. Intermediate calculations should not be rounded, but the final answer should be rounded to one decimal place.
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Please complete all of the following and submit in a professional word document:
Provide the name of your company, your product/service offering, and any additional relevant information about your startup.
Discuss your product, manufacturing, and distribution strategies.
Discuss your market potential, including market segments, and any demand planning techniques you utilize to achieve your business objectives.
Discuss your supplier strategy, including supplier acquisition, development, and management processes.
Discuss your inventory management strategy, including any inventory control and deployment polices.
Discuss your distribution and logistics strategies, including specific DC/warehouse and transportation policies.
Discuss your strategy relating to launching and scaling the startup
Note: As a question-answering platform, Brainly encourages students to do their own research and provide original answers to academic questions. Therefore, it is not appropriate to request a complete business plan for a startup as it would be a violation of Brainly's policies on academic integrity and originality.
However, here is a brief overview of the different sections you could include in a business plan for a startup:
1. Executive summary: This should provide a brief overview of your business, including your product or service, target market, and unique selling proposition.
2. Company description: This section should provide a detailed description of your company, including its legal structure, location, management team, and mission statement.
3. Market analysis: This should provide a detailed analysis of your target market, including demographic data, market size, and growth trends.
4. Product or service description: This should provide a detailed description of your product or service, including its features, benefits, and competitive advantage.
5. Sales and marketing strategy: This should provide a detailed description of your sales and marketing strategies, including pricing, promotion, and distribution strategies.
6. Financial projections: This should provide a detailed projection of your startup's financial performance, including revenue, expenses, and profitability.
7. Funding requirements: This should provide a detailed description of your startup's funding requirements, including how much funding you need, how you will use the funding, and what your return on investment (ROI) will be.
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A company receives $113, of which $13 is for HST (harmonized sales tax). The journal entry to record the sale would include a A. debit to HST Expense for $13. B. credit to HST Payable for $13. C. debit to Sales for $113. D. debit to Cash for $100.
The journal entry to record the sale would include: D. Debit to Cash for $100.
The company received a total of $113, but $13 of that amount is specifically for HST (harmonized sales tax), which the company collects on behalf of the government. The company will record the actual cash received, which is $100 ($113 - $13), as a debit to the Cash account. This reflects the increase in the company's cash balance. The HST portion will be recorded separately in the appropriate accounts.
A company is an organization that engages in business activities with the aim of generating profit. It is a legal entity separate from its owners, known as shareholders or stockholders, and is formed through a process of incorporation. Companies can be of various types, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies (LLCs), and corporations.
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ABC Company provided $60.000 of services in Year 1 . ABC operates in a state with a 10% sales tax. All customers paid cash and ABC remitted the sales tax collected before the end of the year. What is ABC Net Income for Year 1 ? 554.000 $66,000 $60.000 None of these. Which transaction does the following journal entry depict? \begin{tabular}{lcc} \hline Accommt & Debit & Credit \\ \hline Sales Tax Expense & 100 & 100 \\ Sales Taxes Payable & & \end{tabular} Collecting on sales including sales tax. This journal entry does not depict any transaction we have learned about. Remitting sales taxes. Accruing sales taxes.
ABC Company's net income for Year 1 is $54,000.
To calculate ABC Company's net income, we need to consider the sales revenue and deduct any expenses. The $60,000 of services provided represents sales revenue. Since the state imposes a 10% sales tax, the tax collected on these sales would be $6,000.
However, this amount is not included in the company's net income as it is considered a liability. The journal entry provided shows a debit of $100 to Sales Tax Expense, indicating an increase in the expense, and a corresponding credit to Sales Taxes Payable.
This entry represents the accrual of sales taxes, recognizing the liability until the taxes are remitted to the relevant tax authorities. Therefore, the correct answer is None of these, as the net income for Year 1 is $54,000 ($60,000 - $6,000).
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ABC Company's net income for Year 1 is $54,000. To calculate ABC Company's net income, we need to consider the sales revenue and deduct any expenses.
The $60,000 of services provided represents sales revenue. Since the state imposes a 10% sales tax, the tax collected on these sales would be $6,000. However, this amount is not included in the company's net income as it is considered a liability. The journal entry provided shows a debit of $100 to Sales Tax Expense, indicating an increase in the expense, and a corresponding credit to Sales Taxes Payable.
This entry represents the accrual of sales taxes, recognizing the liability until the taxes are remitted to the relevant tax authorities. Therefore, the correct answer is None of these, as the net income for Year 1 is $54,000 ($60,000 - $6,000).
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Today you deposit $1000 in an account paying 6% interest. At the end of years 1, 2 and 3 you will deposit $100 in that account. What is the present value of that stream of cash flows?
The present value of the stream of cash flows, which includes a $1000 initial deposit followed by $100 deposits at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, can be calculated using the concept of present-value.
The present value (PV) of each cash flow is determined by discounting it back to its present-day value using the interest rate. In this case, the interest rate is 6% or 0.06. By discounting each cash flow, we can calculate their present values and then sum them up. The present value of the $1000 initial deposit is $1000, as it is not affected by the passage of time. For the subsequent deposits of $100 at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, we need to calculate their present values by dividing each cash flow by (1 + 0.06) raised to the power of the respective number of years. By summing up the present values of all the cash flows, we can determine the total present value of the stream of cash flows, representing its value in today's dollars.
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the way a product is designed, named, and packaged has little influence on the success of that product.
Factors such as quality, functionality, and value are crucial, the design, naming, and packaging of a product play important roles in attracting consumers, creating brand identity.
Design: A well-designed product can enhance user experience, usability, and aesthetics, which can positively impact consumer perception and satisfaction. A visually appealing and user-friendly design can create a positive impression, leading to increased sales and customer loyalty.
Naming: The name of a product can influence consumer perception, brand recognition, and recall. A catchy and memorable name can make a product stand out, facilitate brand association, and contribute to its market success.
Packaging: Packaging serves multiple purposes, including protection, convenience, and promotion. Eye-catching and informative packaging can attract attention, communicate product features and benefits, and create a positive impression on potential buyers. Packaging also contributes to brand recognition and shelf appeal, especially in competitive retail environments.
While product success is influenced by various factors, downplaying the significance of design, naming, and packaging would overlook the impact they have on consumer behavior, brand image, and market competitiveness. Companies invest substantial resources in these areas to differentiate their products and gain a competitive edge. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the importance of these elements in driving product success.
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Jason purchased a $15,000 car and financed the purchase with a personal loan from his credit union. If the interest rate is 18%, compounded annually, how long will it take Jason to repay the loan with monthly payments of $450?
It will take Jason approximately 45.84 months to repay the loan. Since we can't have a fraction of a month, we can round up to the nearest whole month. Thus, it will take Jason approximately 46 months to repay the loan.To determine how long it will take Jason to repay the loan, we can use the formula for the number of periods (n) needed to repay a loan:
n = -log(1 - (r * P) / A) / log(1 + r)
Where:
- n is the number of periods (in this case, the number of months)
- r is the monthly interest rate (annual interest rate divided by 12 and converted to a decimal)
- P is the principal amount (loan amount)
- A is the monthly payment amount
Let's calculate the values and solve for n:
Principal amount (P): $15,000
Monthly payment amount (A): $450
First, we need to convert the annual interest rate to a monthly rate:
Monthly interest rate (r) = 18% / 12 / 100 = 0.015
Now, we can substitute the values into the formula:
n = -log(1 - (0.015 * 15000) / 450) / log(1 + 0.015)
Using a calculator, we can evaluate the expression:
n ≈ 45.84
Therefore, it will take Jason approximately 45.84 months to repay the loan. Since we can't have a fraction of a month, we can round up to the nearest whole month. Thus, it will take Jason approximately 46 months to repay the loan.
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It will take Jason approximately 45.84 months to repay the loan. Since we can't have a fraction of a month, we can round up to the nearest whole month. Thus, it will take Jason approximately 46 months to repay the loan.To determine how long it will take Jason to repay the loan, we can use the formula for the number of periods (n) needed to repay a loan:
n = -log(1 - (r * P) / A) / log(1 + r)
Where:
- n is the number of periods (in this case, the number of months)
- r is the monthly interest rate (annual interest rate divided by 12 and converted to a decimal)
- P is the principal amount (loan amount)
- A is the monthly payment amount
Let's calculate the values and solve for n:
Principal amount (P): $15,000
Monthly payment amount (A): $450
First, we need to convert the annual interest rate to a monthly rate:
Monthly interest rate (r) = 18% / 12 / 100 = 0.015
Now, we can substitute the values into the formula:
n = -log(1 - (0.015 * 15000) / 450) / log(1 + 0.015)
Using a calculator, we can evaluate the expression:
n ≈ 45.84
Therefore, it will take Jason approximately 45.84 months to repay the loan. Since we can't have a fraction of a month, we can round up to the nearest whole month. Thus, it will take Jason approximately 46 months to repay the loan.
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Pierce wants to build a website for his remodeling business,but he doesn't want to have to learn any code.What tool should he use?
A) CMS
B) Website builder
C) IDE
D) Text editor
Pierce wants to build a website for his remodeling business, but he doesn't want to have to learn any code. Pierce can select one of the website builders, upload his photos, choose a template, write content, and add some of his services. Some of the popular website builders include Wix, Squarespace, Weebly, Shopify, and WordPress.
In this context, the tool he should use is a website builder. Website builders are online platforms that enable users to create websites without requiring them to know how to code. They offer different templates, designs, and layouts to choose from, and their interface is user-friendly, making it easy for people to build websites without hiring a developer. Website builders offer a wide range of features, including the ability to add multimedia content, forms, and e-commerce capabilities. Pierce can select one of the website builders, upload his photos, choose a template, write content, and add some of his services. Some of the popular website builders include Wix, Squarespace, Weebly, Shopify, and WordPress.
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Who can remove members of a case team?
Select one:
Case owner
Playbook designer
Case manager
Workgroup admin
The case owner can remove members of a case team.
When working on a case, the case team is comprised of individuals who work together to resolve the case. The case team may consist of the case manager, workgroup admin, playbook designer, and others.
The case owner is the one who initiated or created the case. They are responsible for overseeing the case from start to finish. This includes the management of the case team. The case owner can add or remove members of the case team as needed to ensure the case is resolved efficiently.
In conclusion, the answer to this question is A. Case owner as they are the one responsible for the management of the case team.
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SND: Aqua Fish Farming Amongst several breeds, Omikou Fish Farm raises and sells golden trout to the food industry. Commercial Food Buyers expect the fish to be in uniform sizes for consumer sales. At the time of sale, the size of golden trout is normally distributed with a mean of 30 centimeters and and a standard deviation of 1.4. Commercial Food Buyer randomly measures one golden trout. What is the probability it's length is 31 centimeters or less?
The probability that the length of the golden trout is 31 centimeters or less is 0.9332.
The given data:
Mean = μ = 30 centimeters
Standard deviation = σ = 1.4 centimeters
The given distribution is normal distribution which is generally represented as,
N(μ,σ)
Where, μ is the mean of the distribution and σ is the standard deviation of the distribution.
Now we have to find the probability that the length of the golden trout is 31 centimeters or less.
To find the probability, we will standardize the value x = 31 by using the formula of z-score.
z-score formula is given as,
z = (x - μ) / σ
Where,
z is the z-score
x is the value of the random variable
μ is the mean of the population
σ is the standard deviation of the population
By substituting the given values, we get
z = (31 - 30) / 1.4z = 0.71
Now, we have to find the probability of the random variable x is less than or equal to 31, which means we have to find P(x ≤ 31)
We can also write this in terms of z-score, which is P(z ≤ 0.71)
Now, we will find this probability from the standard normal distribution table.
Standard Normal Distribution Table:
The standard normal distribution table is given below:
Calculation:
P(z ≤ 0.71) = 0.7580
We can also write this in percentage form, which is 75.80%.
Therefore, the probability that the length of the golden trout is 31 centimeters or less is 0.9332.
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Hotel Decent has a fixed cost of $100,000 and a variable cost of $10/night. Assuming that the room rent for the hotel was $35/night: What is the Contribution per Unit?What is the Break Even Point?Assuming that the hotel rents out 6,000 rooms per night at $35/night, then using the same fixed cost and variable cost as the previous two questions:How much would the Total Revenue be?How much would the total variable cost be?How much profit does the hotel make?
There are total revenue would be $210,000. The total variable cost would be $60,000. The profit would be $50,000.
The donation is $35 - $10 = $25 per unit.
Divide the fixed cost by the contribution per unit to determine the break-even point. The break-even figure in this scenario is $100,000 / $25, or 4,000 nights.
The total revenue would be $210,000 (6,000 x $35) if the hotel rents out 6,000 rooms each night at $35 each.
With 6,000 times $10, the total variable cost would be $60,000.
The total expense in this scenario would be $160,000 ($100,000 + $60,000). The profit would therefore be $50,000 ($210,000 - $160,000).
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Kim Shaw is considering the purchase of a 5 year bond that pays a coupon rate of 7.75% over the life of the bond (annual payments) and a face value of $1000 that is returned at the bond's maturity. Using a yield to maturity of 8.50%, calculate to the nearest penny the value of the bond today.
The bond value using yield to maturity is 911.03. Yield to maturity is a critical calculation that is often used to evaluate the attractiveness of bonds or other fixed-income investments.
It's a calculation that takes into account a variety of factors to determine the average annual return a bondholder will receive if they hold a bond until it matures. It represents the rate of return expected from an investment in a bond held till maturity.
The value of the bond today can be calculated by adding the present value of the bond's interest payments and the present value of the bond's face value: Value of bond today= PV of coupon payments + PV of face value
= 309.45 + 657.05= 966.50
So, the bond value using yield to maturity is 966.50. Answering the question, the value of Kim Shaw’s bond today is 966.50.
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X2 issued callable bonds on January 1, 2021. The bonds pay interest annueili \( \times 2 \) issued the bonds at:
A discount. Cannot be determinod from the given information. A premium. Face amount.
X2 issued callable bonds on January 1, 2021. The bonds pay interest annually. X2 issued the bonds at a premium.What are callable bonds?
Callable bonds are fixed-income securities that include an embedded call option that allows the issuer to repurchase or call back the bond before the bond's maturity date. In this case, the issuer, X2, has the right to repurchase the bond before the maturity date.Callable bonds come with a yield advantage.
This is because of the uncertainty of the bond's future cash flows when the call option is exercised before the maturity date.The price of callable bonds may differ from that of the bond's face value. The price difference depends on the prevailing market conditions during the bond's issuance.
Callable bonds may be issued at a discount or a premium. The opposite is also true: when interest rates are high, bond issuers must offer lower coupon payments to entice buyers, and bonds may be issued at a discount. In conclusion, X2 issued callable bonds at a premium.
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Webber's standard labor cost of producing one unit of Product R2D2 is 1.8 hours at a rate of $127 per hour. During August, 1432 houss were incurrod at a cost of $11.7 per hour to produce 1050 units of Product R2D2 Webber's durect labor rate variance is $ Indicale the amount and whether it is Favorable or Unfavorable by placing F of U by amount, do not skip a space and do not use $ in your answer. For example, if your answer is $1,000 favorable, answer 1000 F
The actual labor hours incurred during the month were 1432 hours which are less than the standard hours of 1.8 hours per unit × 1050 units = 1890 hours. Thus, there is a favorable labor efficiency variance because fewer hours were used than were allowed. The labor efficiency variance is computed as follows:
Labor efficiency variance = (Standard hours for actual production - Actual hours) x Standard labor rate
= (1.8 × 1050 - 1432) × $127
= $11,982 U
The labor efficiency variance is $11,982 U (unfavorable) as fewer hours were used than were allowed. The actual labor rate paid during the month was $11.7 which is less than the standard labor rate of $127. Thus, there is a favorable labor rate variance because the labor was cheaper than expected. The labor rate variance is computed as follows:
Labor rate variance = (Actual hours × Actual labor rate - Actual hours × Standard labor rate)
= 1432 × $11.7 - 1432 × $127
= $-153,540 F
The labor rate variance is $153,540 F (unfavorable) as the labor was cheaper than expected.
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(a) Read the following case and answer the questions that follow. Five years after the launch of economic reforms designed to transform Russia’s lumbering state-directed economy into a modern market system, Russia was experiencing unprecedented capital flight. In 1996 some $22.3 billion left the country, most of it illegally. In contrast, a mere $2.2 billion in foreign investment flowed into the country. According to data from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, between 1989 and 1996 foreigners invested just $5.3 billion in Russia, compared to foreign investment of about $11.5 billion in much smaller former Communist state, Hungary. One reason for this is that Russia consistently tops the charts as the riskiest investment destination tracked by the Economist Intelligence Unit. The risks include a complex tax code that is always changing and randomly enforced, often at the expense of foreign companies. Weak and untested property and contract safeguards, endless regulations often enforced by bureaucrats, and a playing field made uneven by trading and tax favors granted by the Russian government to Russian companies are also frequently cited as contributing to the high risks associated with investment in Russia. Russia’s privatization laws have also tended to discriminate against foreign investors. Most privatization schemes in Russia favor incumbent management and/or local companies. For an example, a "shares for loans" scheme in 1995 saw a dozen large companies sold for a fraction of their market value to several large Moscow banks. Foreign investors were not given an opportunity to bid on these assets. Similarly, the privatization of several large-scale companies has been the majority of stock sold to incumbent managers and employees for a fraction of the price the stock could fetch on the open market. The failure of the Russian government to capitalize on the sale of state-owned assets is self-defeating given that the country is in desperate need to capital resources to upgrade its crumbling infrastructure, which is suffering from years of neglect and mismanagement under communism. The Russian oil and gas industry is and example. Russia has the largest oil and gas reserves in the world, but it is finding it difficult to get these reserves out of the ground and to the international market. Russian oil output plummeted after the collapse of the Soviet Union, from 569 million tons in 1988 to 305 million tons in 1996. The problems include leaking pipeline, aging oil wells, a lack of new drilling, and conflict between the various states of the former Soviet Union as to who actually owns much of the oil and gas infrastructure. According to estimates by the World Bank, Russia needs to spend between $40 billion and $50 billion per year just to maintain oil and gas production at current levels. Boosting production back to the levels achieved in the 1980s could require investments of $80 billion to $100 billion per year-money that Russia does not have. In an attempt to reverse this slide, in November 1997 the government of Boris Yeltsin announced that Russia’s oil and gas industries would be open to foreign investment. The decree signed by Yeltsin allowed foreign investors to buy 100 percent of Russian oil companies. Within days, Royal Dutch/Shell had teamed up with Gazprom, Russia’s giant gas monopoly, to bid for Rosneft, the last big state-owned oil group to be privatized. This was quickly followed by a deal under which British Petroleum announced that it would purchase 10 percent of another Russian company, Sidanco, giving it a stake in a huge oil field near the Chinese border. The benefits that flow to Russia from such investments could be substantial. In a report prepared for the Russian parliament, Western oil companies said foreign development of just six identified oil and gas fields could create more than 550,000 jobs and earn about $450 billion over their operating lives. However, before they are prepared to make further large-scale investments, many Western companies say they need stronger legal and tax guarantees. Their preferred method of operation would be to sign internationally recognizable production sharing agreement, which leave the ownership of natural resources with the state, but allow foreign developers a defined share of future revenues. Although the Russian government has tried to enact such legislation, the Communist-dominated parliament has resisted any attempt to pass such laws.
each for Q1 and Q 2
1. Identify:
(a) The positive and negative implications to the country of Russia and its people by opening up their oilfields to foreign investment.
(b) The positive and negative implications to foreign companies from investing in Russian oilfields.
2. Which are risks related to Scanning , apply all of them to the case , which one is most important risk and why? Suggest strategies to negate the risk
word count should be 800
(a) Positive implications of opening up Russia's oilfields to foreign investment:Foreign investment in Russia's oil and gas industry will lead to the creation of new jobs and the generation of revenue, which will benefit Russia's economy.
According to a report by Western oil firms to the Russian parliament, foreign development of just six identified oil and gas fields could create over 550,000 jobs and earn around $450 billion over their operating lives.
Negative implications of opening up Russia's oilfields to foreign investment:Many Western companies believe they need stronger legal and tax guarantees before making further large-scale investments. Russia has a complex and frequently changing tax code, which is randomly enforced, often at the expense of foreign firms.
Weak and untested property and contract safeguards, endless regulations enforced by bureaucrats, and an uneven playing field made by trading and tax favors granted by the Russian government to Russian companies are all factors that contribute to the high risks associated with investing in Russia.
Russia's privatization laws have also tended to discriminate against foreign investors. Most privatization schemes in Russia favor incumbent management and/or local companies. Foreign investors were not given the opportunity to bid on several significant companies sold for a fraction of their market value to various large Moscow banks under the "shares for loans" scheme in 1995. Similarly, many large-scale firms' privatization has been conducted by selling the bulk of stock to incumbent managers and employees at a fraction of the price that the stock could fetch on the open market.
(b) Positive implications of investing in Russian oilfields by foreign firms:Investing in Russia's oil and gas sector will provide foreign firms with an opportunity to generate profits. Royal Dutch/Shell teamed up with Gazprom, Russia's giant gas monopoly, to bid for Rosneft, the last big state-owned oil group to be privatized.
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a rapid increase in the number of workers, other things the same, is likely in the short term to _____. O a. raise real GDP per person but decrease real GDP O b. raise real GDP but decrease real GDP per person O c. decrease both real GDP and real GDP per person O d. raise both real GDP and real GDP per person
A rapid increase in the number of workers, other things the same, is likely in the short term to raise both real GDP and real GDP per person. The correct answer is d.
A rapid increase in the number of workers, assuming other things remain constant, is likely to have a positive impact on both real GDP and real GDP per person. Here's why:
Increase in real GDP: With more workers available, there is an increase in the labor force, which leads to an increase in the total output of goods and services. This increase in production contributes to the growth of real GDP, as more workers are engaged in economic activities and can produce more output.
Increase in real GDP per person: Although the increase in the number of workers may dilute the average productivity level initially, in the long run, it is expected that the increase in labor force will lead to more specialization, division of labor, and economies of scale. These factors can enhance productivity and efficiency, resulting in an increase in real GDP per person.
This analysis assumes that other factors such as capital stock, technology, and infrastructure remain constant.
The correct answer is d.
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a company has chosen to launch in one distribution channel exclusively before launching in any other. this is an example of which factor affecting the choice of distribution channel?
The example you provided, where a company chooses to launch in one distribution channel exclusively before launching in any other, is an example of the factor known as "Timing" affecting the choice of distribution channel.
Timing refers to the strategic decision of when to enter different distribution channels with a product or service. It involves determining the sequence or order in which the company introduces its offerings to various channels.
By choosing to launch exclusively in one distribution channel before expanding to others, the company is focusing on timing its entry into different channels. This approach allows the company to concentrate its efforts and resources on establishing a strong presence and capturing market share in one channel before diversifying into others.
Timing the entry into distribution channels can be influenced by several factors, including market conditions, product characteristics, competitive landscape, available resources, and strategic goals. Companies may opt for sequential channel entry to manage risks, optimize resource allocation, build brand awareness, establish customer relationships, and refine their distribution strategies based on the learnings from the initial channel.
It's important to note that the choice of distribution channel and the timing of entry depend on a company's specific circumstances, market dynamics, and strategic objectives.
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A public good that would benefit Adam, Ben and Carl has a one off cost of $457.3. Adam attached a value of $70 to this public good, for Ben its value is $393.5, and Carl values it at $189.1. The total surplus to the group if they provide the public good is:
The total surplus to the group if they provide the public good is $195.3.
To get the total surplus to the group if they provide the public good, we need to understand the concept of consumer surplus and how it is calculated.
Consumers surplus is the difference between the total amount that consumers are willing to pay for a good or service and the actual amount that they have to pay in the market. It is calculated by subtracting the market price from the total willingness to pay of consumers.
Mathematically, consumers surplus can be represented as:
Consumers surplus = Total willingness to pay – Market price.
To determine the total surplus to the group if they provide the public good, we need to determine the total willingness to pay of the group and the market price of the public good.
The total willingness to pay for the public good is calculated by adding the values that each member of the group attaches to the public good.
Therefore:
Total willingness to pay = Adam’s value + Ben’s value + Carl’s value
= $70 + $393.5 + $189.1
= $652.6
The market price of the public good is the cost of the good which is a one-off cost of $457.3
Therefore, the total surplus to the group if they provide the public good is:
Total surplus = Total willingness to pay – Market price
= $652.6 - $457.3
= $195.3
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********No plagrism******At least 250 words.
Devise a different business-level strategy for Boston Beer that
would achieve and sustain competitive advantage.
Boston Beer Company is one of the leading beer companies globally that offer a range of beer products. The company has gained a competitive advantage through its differentiation strategy, which entails producing high-quality and flavorful beer products.
Marketing Strategy
The first business-level strategy that could achieve and sustain a competitive advantage for Boston Beer is a marketing strategy. The marketing strategy could include a brand advertising campaign that seeks to create awareness of Boston Beer's products and increase sales. The company can collaborate with popular social media influencers to promote its products and offer customers discounts and promotions. Additionally, Boston Beer can organize beer tasting events in partnership with popular restaurants and bars.
Product Innovation
The second business-level strategy that could achieve and sustain a competitive advantage for Boston Beer is product innovation. The company can introduce new beer products that appeal to its customers, such as low-carb beer, flavored beer, or non-alcoholic beer. The company can also leverage technology to improve the quality of its beer products and use sustainable brewing practices to appeal to environmentally conscious customers. The company can also offer customers the option to customize their beer products, such as by mixing flavors, to enhance customer satisfaction.
Supply Chain Optimization
The third business-level strategy that could achieve and sustain a competitive advantage for Boston Beer is supply chain optimization. The company can optimize its supply chain by partnering with local farmers to obtain raw materials, such as hops and barley, and reduce its reliance on imported materials. This would reduce costs and improve the company's environmental sustainability profile. Additionally, Boston Beer can use technology to improve its supply chain, such as by implementing blockchain technology to track its supply chain from raw material to the final product.
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"
Which of the following changes would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve? a change in the wage rate paid to labour in the economy a change in technology in the economy a change in the cost of oi
"
The long-run aggregate supply curve is the graphical representation of the relationship between the price level in the economy and the aggregate supply of output produced by the firms in the long run. The long-run aggregate supply curve is assumed to be vertical in the long run as it depends on factors
that affect the production capacity of the economy in the long run. These factors include changes in technology in the economy, the wage rate paid to labor in the economy, and the cost of production in the economy. A change in the wage rate paid to labor in the economy will shift the long-run aggregate supply curve. A higher wage rate increases the cost of production, reducing the incentive to produce, and shifting the curve to the left. On the other hand, a lower wage rate reduces the cost of production, increasing the incentive to produce, and shifting the curve to the right. Therefore, a change in the wage rate paid to labor in the economy will shift the long-run aggregate supply curve.
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What is a "Government Failure" and what is its
role in Microeconomics? (50 words or more)
what role do "Progressive Taxes" play in Microeconomics?
(50 words or more)
Government failure refers to a situation where government intervention in the market leads to a less efficient allocation of resources and net social welfare is reduced as a result.
It can result from a number of factors, such as imperfect information, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and political considerations that favor special interest groups at the expense of the general public. In microeconomics, government failure is a critical concept because it highlights the potential costs of government intervention in markets, which is often justified on the grounds of correcting market failures.
Thus, policymakers need to be aware of the possibility of government failure and undertake rigorous cost-benefit analyses before intervening in the market. Progressive taxes are a type of taxation system where the tax rate increases as the income of the taxpayer increases. This means that those with higher incomes pay a larger share of their income in taxes than those with lower incomes.
In microeconomics, progressive taxes play a role in redistributing income from high-income earners to low-income earners. The rationale behind progressive taxation is that those with higher incomes can afford to pay more in taxes, and this revenue can be used to fund public goods and services that benefit all members of society.
However, progressive taxes can also have negative effects on incentives to work and invest, which can lead to a reduction in economic growth. Thus, policymakers need to balance the benefits and costs of progressive taxation to ensure that it is an effective tool for promoting social welfare.
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Analyze the attractiveness of the industry in which Lyft
operates using Porter's five forces model. Pay close attention to
how appealing the Vietnamese business is.
Lyft operates in the ride-sharing industry, which is highly competitive. According to Porter's Five Forces Model, the ride-sharing industry's attractiveness can be analyzed as follows: Bargaining power of suppliers: In the ride-sharing industry, the suppliers are the drivers, and their bargaining power is low.
Since the cost of switching ride-sharing platforms is low, drivers can quickly switch to a different ride-sharing app that offers better incentives. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of riders is moderate.
Riders have the option of selecting between different ride-sharing platforms, and the switching cost is low.
However, riders have less bargaining power than drivers. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants into the ride-sharing market is high. Companies like Uber and Grab have already entered the market, and it is easy for other companies to enter and compete with them.
Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitutes is low, as ride-sharing platforms are the primary mode of transportation for many people. Public transportation, taxis, and personal vehicles are substitutes, but they are not as convenient and cost-effective.
Competitive rivalry: The ride-sharing industry is highly competitive, and the competitive rivalry is intense. Lyft faces strong competition from Uber and Grab, which have larger market shares and are more established in the industry.
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"There are controllable variables (4Ps) and uncontrollable variables inmarketing. What are the uncontrollable variables are shown by one ofthe marketing tools we have been exposed to?"
In marketing, controllable and uncontrollable variables influence business operations and success. The controllable variables in marketing are known as 4Ps, which are product, place, price, and promotion. They represent the marketing mix that companies can control and alter to achieve marketing goals.
Uncontrollable variables, on the other hand, are forces that marketing executives cannot control but can influence and must adapt to. These variables include social, legal, technological, political, and competitive factors. The company's marketing environment, which includes all of the uncontrollable forces and their effects on the organization, is the sum of these forces.
One of the marketing tools that can be used to reveal uncontrollable variables is a SWOT analysis. The acronym SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method that helps a business identify its strengths and weaknesses while also assessing the opportunities and threats in the market. It involves analyzing the company's internal and external environments and evaluating the factors that can affect the company's performance.
For example, a company may conduct a SWOT analysis and determine that one of the significant threats to their business is an unfavorable government regulation. This uncontrollable variable can influence the company's operations and success and must be considered when developing marketing strategies.
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Suppose that GDP (Y) iS 5.000. Consumption (C) is given by the equation C=500+.5(Y−T). Investment (I) is given by the equation I=2,000−100 r, where r is the real interest rate in percent. Government spending (G) is, 1000, and Taxes (T) are also 1,000. When a technological innovation changes the investment function to I=3,000−100r. I rises by 1,000 and r rises by 10 percentage points. I rises by 1,000 and r is unchanged. 1 is unchanged and r rises by 10 percentage points. I is unchanged and r rises by 15 percentage points.
ANSWER: r rises by 19 percentage points if I rises by 1000.
"I falls by 1000 and r rises by 19 percentage points."
Given Y = 5,000
C = 500 + 0.5(Y - T)
I = 2,000 - 100r
I' = 3,000 - 100r'
G = 1,000
T = 1,000
Let's first calculate the value of C Substitute the values in the given equation
C = 500 + 0.5(Y - T)
C = 500 + 0.5(5,000 - 1,000)
C = 500 + 0.5(4,000)
C = 500 + 2,000C = 2,500
Now let's calculate the value of I using the initial investment functionI = 2,000 - 100r
I = 2,000 - 100(r = 0) [r = 0 because the initial value of r is not given]
I = 2,000 And the value of r cannot be determined without its initial value.
Now, we will use the new investment function I' = 3,000 - 100r'
To find the change in I if r rises by 10 percentage points,
substitute r = r' + 10I' = 3,000 - 100r
'I' = 3,000 - 100(r + 10)I' = 3,000 - 100r - 1,000
I' = 2,000 - 100r
Therefore, I falls by 1000.Now to find the change in r if I rises by 1000,
substitute I = 3,000 - 100rI + 1,000
I = 3,000 - 100r(I + 1,000)/100
I = 30 - r/100r/100
I = 30 - (I + 1,000)/100
r = 2,900 - I/100
r = 2,900 - 1,000/100
r = 1,900/100
r = 19
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selena, a supervisor at truck-all transport, asks curtis, the human resource manager, for advice on delivering performance feedback. selena finds that the meetings tend to be confrontational and don't lead to performance improvement. she tells curtis how she carefully fills out the appraisal form ahead of time and then invites the employee into the conference room to discuss her feedback immediately, before the employee has time to think up excuses for poor performance. what advice should curtis give selena for delivering performance feedback?
Curtis should advise Selena to change her approach to delivering performance feedback by implementing the following steps. Selena should continue to fill out the appraisal form ahead of time as it provides a structured framework for discussing performance.
Selena should continue to fill out the appraisal form ahead of time as it provides a structured framework for discussing performance. However, she should also gather specific examples and evidence to support her feedback. This will ensure that her feedback is objective and based on observable behaviors. Schedule a meeting in advance: Instead of inviting the employee immediately after filling out the form, Selena should schedule a meeting in advance. This allows the employee to prepare mentally and emotionally for the feedback discussion. It also demonstrates respect for the employee's time and gives them an opportunity to ask questions or seek clarification beforehand.
By following these steps, Selena can create a more effective and positive feedback process that promotes growth and improvement rather than confrontation. It is important to remember that delivering performance feedback is not just about pointing out weaknesses, but also about recognizing strengths and providing guidance for development. Open communication, specific examples, and collaboration are key components of a successful feedback process.
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Take the following as the demand and supply equations for iMango phones in the Republic of Smart: Qd=200−P
Qs=−60+2P
a) Determine the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity. b) Use the demand and supply equations to construct demand and supply curves. c) Calculate the consumer surplus and producer surplus. d) Supposing General Swag fixed the price of iMango at $40, determine the quantity demanded and quantity supplied. e) Show the effect of General Swag's policy on your graph in 1 b (Effects will be deadweight loss). f) Calculate the deadweight loss.
a) Determination of equilibrium price and quantity
The equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity can be determined by equating demand and supply. [tex]Qd=Qs200-P=-60+2P200+60=2P+P260=3P P=86.67[/tex]
Therefore, the equilibrium price is $86.67.Then, [tex]Qd=200-P=200-86.67=113.33units[/tex]
Thus, the equilibrium quantity is 113.33 units.
b) The demand and supply curves can be constructed as follows : Graphical Representation of the equilibrium price and quantity can be obtained as shown below:
c) Calculation of consumer surplus and producer surplus
The producer surplus is given by the difference between the price at which the product is sold and the minimum price at which the producer would be willing to sell the product.
The consumer surplus is given by the difference between the price at which the product is sold and the maximum price at which the consumers would be willing to purchase the product.
Producer surplus=[tex]($86.67−$20)×113.33=$7289.32[/tex]
Consumer surplus[tex]($100−$86.67)×113.33=$1519.99[/tex]
d) Quantity demanded and quantity supplied, supposing General Swag fixed the price of i Mango at $40
Quantity demanded :[tex]Qd=200-P=200-40=160 units[/tex]
Quantity supplied : [tex]Qs=60+2P=60+2(40)=140 units[/tex]
The quantity demanded is 160 units and the quantity supplied is 140 units.
e) The effect of General Swag's policy can be shown as: The area B and C represents the deadweight loss.
f) Calculation of deadweight loss
The deadweight loss is given by the difference between the producer surplus and consumer surplus.
Deadweight loss[tex]=$7289.32-$1519.99=$5769.33.[/tex]
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Explain the fixed, flexible and partially flexible exchange rates. Some economists argue that countries must have free, unregulated trade, do you agree? Why or why not?
The foreign exchange rate is a crucial aspect of international trade. The global economy's growth has led to an increase in the interdependence of different nations and economies. This has also brought about the exchange rate of different currencies, which vary due to market forces.
Fixed exchange rates : The fixed exchange rate is a rate that is fixed by the government, which does not allow for fluctuations in the value of the currency. This means that the government controls the exchange rate by intervening in the market through the buying or selling of currency. The advantages of fixed exchange rates are that they provide certainty for importers and exporters as they can plan their activities around the fixed rate.
Flexible exchange rates : Flexible exchange rates are exchange rates that fluctuate due to market forces. The forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market determine the value of the currency. These rates are used by countries whose economies are market-oriented and are characterized by flexible prices and wages.
Partially flexible exchange rates : This is a system that lies between fixed and flexible exchange rates. It is a system that allows some degree of flexibility while still intervening to ensure that the exchange rate remains stable. The central bank may, for example, set a range within which the exchange rate can fluctuate while still intervening in the market when it goes outside the range. Some economists argue that countries must have free, unregulated trade, while others do not agree.
In conclusion, exchange rates can be fixed, flexible, or partially flexible. The choice of the exchange rate regime depends on the economic situation and the government's preference. I agree that countries must have free and unregulated trade as this is crucial for economic growth. Free trade promotes competition, innovation, and creativity, which are crucial elements of economic growth.
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