The explanation of the vocabulary terms include:
Dichotomous Key: A tool used in biology to identify organisms by their characteristics, which can be used to narrow down a list of possibilities through a series of choices.
Phylogeny: The evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
Evolution: The process by which populations of living organisms change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms, leading to the emergence of new species.
Charles Darwin: A British naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of science.
Linnaeus: A Swedish botanist and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature.
Binomial Nomenclature: A system of naming organisms using two Latin names, the first representing the genus and the second representing the species.
Homologous Structures: Structures in different organisms that have a similar underlying structure and development, but may have different functions, suggesting they have a common ancestor.
Analogous Structures: Structures in different organisms that have similar functions but a different underlying structure and development, suggesting they have evolved independently.
Vestigial Structures: Structures in organisms that have little or no function in the organism, but have a function in an organism's ancestors
Fossil Record: The remains or traces of organisms from the past, which can provide evidence for the existence and evolution of extinct species.
Comparative Embryology: The study of the developmental stages of different organisms, which can provide evidence for common ancestry.
Biogeography: The study of the distribution of living organisms and fossils across different regions and through time, which can provide evidence for the evolution of species.
Molecular Biology: The study of the molecular basis of biological activity, which can provide evidence for evolutionary relationships between species through the comparison of DNA and protein sequences.
Transitional Organism: An organism that shows characteristics intermediate between two different groups, suggesting it is a link in the evolutionary chain between them.
Anatomy: The study of the structure and organization of living organisms, which can provide evidence for evolutionary relationships between species.
Common Ancestor: A hypothetical ancestor from which two or more species have evolved, inferred from the similarities and differences in their characteristics.
How to explain the vocabulary?To claim an evolutionary relationship between species, scientists use a combination of evidence from paleontology, comparative anatomy, molecular biology and biogeography. For example, the discovery of transitional fossils that show a gradual transition between the characteristics of two different groups of species, the similarities and differences in the DNA sequences of different species, the similarities in the embryological development of different organisms and the distribution of different species in different regions can provide evidence of evolutionary relationships between species.
Homologous structures are structures in different organisms that have a similar underlying structure and development, but may have different functions. These structures provide evidence for common ancestry because they suggest that the organisms with these structures share a recent common ancestor. Examples of homologous structures include the forelimbs of mammals, birds, and reptiles, which all have the same basic bone structure, despite being adapted for different purposes such as flight, grasping, or digging.
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Which two substances does a thylakoid need in order to produce substances
that store chemical energy?
A. NADPH
B. ADP
C. NADP+
D. ATP
SUBMIT
ATP and NADPH are the two substances that are used by the thylakoids to produce substance that store chemical energy.
define thylakoids ?
A flattened sac or vesicle lined with a pigmented membrane that serves as the site of photosynthesis, occurring in plants and algae as interconnected stacks constituting a granum of the chloroplast, and occurring in other photosynthesizing organisms either singly or as part of the cell membrane or other structure.
A thylakoid is a sheet-like membrane-bound structure in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria that is the location of light-dependent photosynthesis processes. It is the location of the chlorophyll, which absorbs light and uses it in metabolic activities. Thylakoid is derived from the Greek word thylakos, which meaning pouch or sac. "Thylakoid" means "pouch-like" with the -oid suffix.
ATP and NADPH are the twio substances that are used by the thylakoids to produce substance that store chemical energy.
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Assume that genes C and D are located on the same chromosome. On one chromosome, alleles C and D are found, while the homologue contains alleles c and d. Which of the following would be evidence of a recombination event?Multiple ChoiceAlleles C and D together on one chromosome.Alleles c and d together on one chromosome.Alleles C and d together on one chromosome.Alleles c and D together on one chromosome.Both alleles C and d together on one chromosome and alleles c and D together on one chromosome.
Both alleles C and d together on one chromosome and alleles c and D together on one chromosome.
As per the options, this one will be the best evidence of a recombination event.
Genes are referred to as being unlinked when they are located on distinct chromosomes or distantly from one another on the same chromosome.Genes are referred to as linked when they are located close to one another on the same chromosome. This means that the alleles, or gene variants, that are already present on one chromosome will most likely be inherited together.By calculating the recombination frequency using information from genetic crosses, we may determine whether and how closely two genes are connected.Making linkage maps, which display the arrangement and relative locations of the genes on the chromosome, requires finding the recombination frequencies for numerous gene pairs.Learn more about chromosome here :
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What affects watersheds. What if an oil spill happens in a certain river, like the Colorado river, which watershed will be affected? What is a divide?
Watersheds are affected by lake levels, groundwater inflow and outflow, and stream flow rates.
If an oil spill happens in a certain river, like the Colorado River, the watershed that will be affected is the delta of the river.
A divide is an elevated line dividing places that get water from various river systems.
What is a watershed?A watershed is a region of land that directs precipitation and snowmelt into creeks, streams, and rivers, finally flowing into reservoirs, bays, and the ocean as outflow sites.
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Do objects move from high to low concentration in active transport similar to passive transport? Explain what you learned.
Objects can move from high to low concentration in both active and passive transport, but the mechanisms by which they do so are different.
Why is the mechanism different?In passive transport, objects move from high to low concentration due to the natural movement of particles down their concentration gradient, without the use of energy. This can occur through diffusion or osmosis.
In contrast, active transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move objects against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration. This is accomplished by using special protein pumps that move specific molecules or ions across the cell membrane.
In all, both active and passive transport can result in movement of objects from high to low concentration, but the methods by which they do so are different. Passive transport is a natural movement and does not require energy, while active transport uses energy in the form of ATP to move objects against their concentration gradient.
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In passive transport, molecules move in favor of their electrochemical gradient. In active transport, molecules move against their electrochemical gradient. No, objects do not move from high to low concentration in active transport similar to passive transport.
What are active and passive transports?Active and passive transports are cell mechanisms for taking substances into and out of the cell.
The main difference between them is the use of energy and substances' motion direction.
Passive transport moves substances from the more concentrated side to the less concentrated one. This is, substances move following their electrochemical gradient. Because of this, this transport does not require energy to occur.
There are two types of passive transports,
Simple diffusionFacilitated diffusion
Active transport acts against the electrochemical gradient, so it does need energy to transport substances. It carries molecules from a low-concentration side of the membrane to a high-concentration side. Energy is obtained in two ways,
In primary active transport, the energy needed comes from the ATP molecule. In secondary active transport, the energy comes from the membrane's electric potential.According to this framework, the answer is No, objects do not move from high to low concentration in active transport similar to passive transport.
In passive transport molecules move from high to low concentration sides ⇒ following the electrochemical gradient.In active transport molecules move from low to high concentration sides ⇒ against the electrochemical gradient.You can learn more about the difference between active and passive transport at
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FILL IN THE BLANK Glands that secrete their products into surrounding tissue fluids are classified as ______ glands, whereas glands that secrete onto a membrane surface are classified as _____ glands.
Endocrine glands are those that secrete into the fluids surrounding the tissue they are located in, whereas exocrine glands secrete onto the surface of membranes.
One cell or maybe a group of highly specialized cells that produce and secrete chemicals can make up a gland. Depending on how they produce, glands are either classed as endocrine or exocrine.
Hormones produced by Endocrine glands are released right into circulation. In order to control particular bodily functions, hormones work as chemical messengers that circulate throughout the body to their intended locations.
Exocrine glands secrete their substances onto the skin's free surface or the variety of properties of the body's open cavities, like the digestive, respiratory, or reproductive systems. They Don't Really discharge their byproducts into the blood.
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Glands that secrete their products into surrounding tissue fluids are classified as endocrine glands, whereas glands that secrete onto a membrane surface are classified as exocrine glands.
Some endocrine glands directly respond to alterations in blood levels of specific essential ions (like K+) and nutrients by secreting hormones (such as glucose). They are known as humoral stimuli (from the Latin term humor, which refers to bodily fluids).
The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are found in the medulla of the adrenal glands. Along with performing other tasks, its cortex also aids in controlling the body's mineral levels.
As a result, glands that secrete into the tissue fluids around them are referred to as exocrine glands, whereas those that secrete onto a membrane surface are referred to as endocrine glands.
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Which of the following are important reasons to develop alternatives to fossil fuels?
(Choose all that apply.)
A. Fossil fuels affect the world population.
B. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable and will be used up out eventually
C. Fossil fuels release greenhouse gases increasing global warming
D. Fossil fuels contribute to pollution
The fossils are nonrenewable sources of energy and will be exhausted. They are also responsible for global warming on earth. Burning of fossils releases harmful gases in the atmosphere causing environmental pollution. So options B, C, and D all three apply.
What are fossils?The physical remains of extinct animals or plants buried deep down beneath the surface of the earth are known as fossils. The preserved skeletal remains of animals are the most frequent and obvious fossils. Leaf impressions, tracks and trails, burrows, droppings, and root casts are examples of additional fossils that are also proof of previous organisms.
In order to "read the rock record," or to understand the earth's history, fossils of all kinds are helpful. They can aid in identifying the paleoenvironment and geologic age of the area where they were deposited. Finally, their research may aid in our understanding of the evolution of life throughout geologic time if the fossil record is sufficiently complete.
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When glucose is converted to pyruvate, the equivalent of __ ATPs are produced. When pyruvate is converted to acetyl coa and enters TCA and oxidative phosphorylation, the total equivalent of ____ ATPs are derived Group of answer choices
A) 4, 44
B)2, 32
C)3, 43
D) 5, 25
When glucose is converted to pyruvate, the equivalent of 2 ATPs are produced. When pyruvate is converted to acetyl coa and enters TCA and oxidative phosphorylation, the total equivalent of 32 ATPs are derived.
Adenosine triphosphate is produced as a result of the cellular process known as oxidative phosphorylation, which uses oxygen reduction to create high-energy phosphate bonds (ATP). The electron transport chain is a chain of oxidation-reduction reactions that takes place within the mitochondria and involves the transportation of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen through a number of protein, metal, and lipid complexes (ETC). The NADH and FADH2 produced by various catabolic cellular processes are used by the electron transport chain. In addition, the last oxidising agent in oxidative phosphorylation is elemental oxygen (and electron acceptor). When compared to anaerobic creatures, the electron transport chain and mitochondrial activity provide insight into how aerobic eukaryotic life has evolved and progressed.
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Option B is Correct. Two ATPs are created when glucose is changed into pyruvate. The equivalent of 32 ATPs are produced when pyruvate is changed into acetyl coa, enters TCA, and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation.
The cellular process known as oxidative phosphorylation employs oxygen reduction to build high-energy phosphate bonds, and as a result, adenosine triphosphate is produced (ATP).
The electron transport chain is a series of oxidation-reduction events that happen in the mitochondria and include moving electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen by passing through a number of protein, metal, and lipid complexes (ETC).
The electron transport chain uses the NADH and FADH2 that are generated by numerous catabolic cellular processes. Additionally, elemental is the final oxidizing agent in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
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One of the genes that controls feather color is located on the Z chromosome in pigeons. The dominant allele results in blue feathers, while a recessive allele produces brown feathers. If a blue female pigeon mates with a brown male, what is the probability that their first chick is female and has brown feathers?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
The probability that their first chick is female and has brown feathers is 25%.Since ZZ genotype results in blue feathers, the only way for the chick to have brown feathers is to inherit the z allele from its father, which is only possible if the offspring is Zz.
This is because the sex of the chick is determined by the sex chromosomes, with the female having two Z chromosomes and the male having one Z and one W chromosome. The color of the feathers is determined by the allele on the Z chromosome, with the dominant allele resulting in blue feathers and the recessive allele producing brown feathers. The blue female pigeon has a genotype of ZZ and the brown male has a genotype of Zz. When they mate, their offspring will have a 50% chance of inheriting a Z chromosome from the father and a 50% chance of inheriting one from the mother. So, half of the offspring will be ZZ and half will be Zz. So, the probability of the first chick being female and having brown feathers is (1/2)*(1/2)=25%.
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if thymine makes up 21% of the dna nucleotides in the genome of a plant species, what are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the genome? express your answer as a numbers separated by comma. enter your answer in the following order: % of adenine, % of cytosine, % of guanine. activate to select the appropriate template from the following choices. operate up and down arrow for selection and press enter to choose the input value typeactivate to select the appropriates symbol from the following choices. operate up and down arrow for selection and press enter to choose the input value type activate to select the appropriates symbol from the following choices. operate up and down arrow for selection and press enter to choose the input value type nothing
In a DNA molecule, the genetic percentages information is stored in the sequence of nucleotides. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
In the genome of a plant species, the percentages of these four nucleotides can vary. If thymine makes up 21% of the DNA nucleotides in the genome, the percentages of the other nucleotides can be calculated by subtracting the percentage of thymine from 100%. Since the genome is made up of equal amount of A, T, C, and G nucleotides, so the percentage of each of the other nucleotides is 25%. Thus the percentage of adenine, cytosine and guanine are 25%, 25% and 25% respectively. It is important to note that the thymine percentages of the different nucleotides can vary among different organisms and even among different cell types within the same organism. Knowing the percentages of the nucleotides in a genome can provide valuable information about the biology and evolution of an organism.
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which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? synapsis occurs. chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. chromosomes condense.
Nuclear membranes develop surrounding each set of chromosomes as well as the chromosomes decondense during telophase II. Synapsis is the term for the pair of homologous chromosomes, which only takes place in prophase I of meiosis.
Homologous chromosomal pairing, crossover, and tetrad formation are among the actions that take place in mitosis but not in mitosis. Which of the above happens only during meiosis and not mitosis? There is synapsis. Synapsis is the term for the pair of homologous chromosomes, which only takes place in prophase I of meiosis. Meiosis creates cells that really are genetically distinct from the parent and have half as much DNA as mitosis, which divides a single "parent" cell into two genetically identical "daughter" cells. The majority of body cells undergo mitosis on a regular basis, but many do so more frequently than others. Meiosis I differs from mitosis in four specific ways: By crossing over, mother and father homologues hook up and exchange genetic information.
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Many animals with double circulatory systems have higher metabolic rates than those with single circulatory systems. Suggest an explanation for this.
in people with sickle-cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog blood vessels. blood vessels and broken cells accumulate in the spleen. among other symptoms, this leads to physical weakness, heart failure, pain, and brain damage. such a suite of symptoms can be explained by . view available hint(s)for part a in people with sickle-cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog blood vessels. blood vessels and broken cells accumulate in the spleen. among other symptoms, this leads to physical weakness, heart failure, pain, and brain damage. such a suite of symptoms can be explained by . a bacterial infection interacting with the sickle-cell allele the pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allele side effects of the drugs used to treat sickle-cell disease the polygenic nature of sickle-cell disease
In people with sickle-cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog blood vessels. These symptoms clogged blood vessels and broken cells accumulate in the spleen.
This leads to a suite of symptoms such as physical weakness, heart failure, pain, and brain damage. Such a suite of symptoms can be explained by the pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allele. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder caused by a change in the hemoglobin gene, it causes the red blood cells to become Sickle cell disease shaped and rigid, this shape causes them to clump and block the blood cells. The pleiotropic effects of the Sickle cell disease refer to the fact that a single genetic change can have multiple effects on an organism's phenotype, in this case, the genetic change causes problems in the shape of the red blood cells, which leads to multiple symptoms.
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The complete Question is :
In people with sickle cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog the blood vessels. The blood vessels and the broken cells accumulate in the spleen. Among other things this leads to physical weakness, heart failure, joint pain, and brain damage. Such a suite of symptoms can be explained by ____.
list three unique properties of water that make it an ideal medium cellular functioning, and explain how each property is useful to a plant.
Polarity, adhesion and cohesion are three unique properties of water that make it an ideal medium cellular functioning.
Water is present inside cells, which is the basis for cell life. Water is utilized to carry nutrients into and inside of cells (intracellular).
Polarity: Liquid water can dissolve a wide variety of ionic and polar covalent compounds thanks to the polarity of its molecules, which makes it a "universal solvent." Numerous chemicals required by organisms can be dissolved by water.
Cohesion: One water molecule's positive hydrogen will link with the negative oxygen of the next-door molecule, whose own hydrogens are drawn to the next oxygen, and so on. Importantly, this interaction causes water molecules to adhere to one another, a phenomenon known as cohesion. Water molecules stick together, allowing plants to absorb water at their roots. Water's high boiling point, which aids in animal body temperature regulation, is also a result of cohesion.
Adhesion: Adhesion is essential for the development of multicellular animals because it enables cellular communication as well as the preservation of tissue and organ structure. Numerous physiological functions, including cell migration, homeostasis, signaling, and tissue development, depend on cell adhesion. As a result, its dysregulation is linked to a variety of disorders and is thus medically relevant. The association between cell adhesion and cancer deserves special attention.
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based on the universal genetic code, which of the following represents the correct polypeptide that will result from translation of the mrna molecule shown, beginning with the first available start codon?
During the recap, the enzyme RNA polymerase( green) uses DNA as a template to produce an mRNA paraphrase( pink).
The pre-mRNA is reused to form a mature mRNA patch that can be restated to decode the protein patch( polypeptide) by the original gene. A gene sequence is converted into a polypeptide sequence via two processes Recap – making an mRNA paraphrase grounded on a DNA template( occurs within the nexus). Restatement – using the instructions of the mRNA paraphrase to link amino acids together( occurs at the ribosome).
The three-letter nature of codons means that the four nucleotides set up in mRNA — A, U, G, and C — can produce an aggregate of 64 different combinations. Of these 64 codons, 61 represent amino acids, and the remaining three represent stop signals, which spark the end of protein conflation.
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The correct polypeptide which results from the given mRNA molecule will be Met-Asp-Arg-Met-Val-Thr-Lys-Phe-Gly-His.
Amino acids can be basically defined as the building blocks of proteins. They are represented by codons which are also known as the triplet codes which is basically a three letter genetic code which determine the amino acid in the protein sequence.
All the amino acids have unique triplet codes. The given mRNA strand has the sequence AUGGAUCGAAUGGUAACAAAGUUCGGCCAC. It has ten amino acids in its sequence.
AUG codes for Methionine (Met), GAU codes for Aspartic acid (Asp), CGA codes for Arginine (Arg), GUA codes for Valine (Val), ACA codes for Threonine (Thr), AAG codes for Lysine (Lys), UUC codes for Phenylalanine (Phe), GGC codes for Glycine (Gly) and CAC codes for Histidine (His). Therefore, the correct sequence will be Met-Asp-Arg-Met-Val-Thr-Lys-Phe-Gly-His.
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Which of the following hormones are released in response to decreases in blood glucose concentration?
A.Insulin
B.Luteinizing hormone
C.Glucagon
D.Parathyroid hormone
E.Calcitonin
Glucagon hormones are released in response to decreases in blood glucose concentration. Option C.
Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is released in response to decreases in blood glucose concentration.
Its primary role is to raise blood glucose levels by triggering the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver into glucose molecules.
Glucagon also helps to regulate the release of glucose from the liver into the bloodstream, providing the body with energy when needed. In addition, glucagon can help to reduce hunger and increase satiety.
It helps to raise blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.
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If the input water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of 18O , then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with 18. Which of the following is most likely the explanation?answer choicesDuring the light reaction of photosynthesis , the water split, removing electrons and protons and oxygen is released in the atmosphereDuring the light reaction of photosynthesis the water is split, the hydrogen atom combines with CO2 and O2 gas is releasedDuring the Calvin cycle , water is split , regenerating NADPH from NADP+ , and oxygen is releasedDuring the Calvin cycle, water is split, the hydrogen atoms are added to immidiates of sugar synthesis, and oxygen gas is released.
A) During the light reaction of photosynthesis , the water split, removing electrons and protons and oxygen is released in the atmosphere is the correct explanation for photosynthesis.
What causes the water splitting during photosynthesis?The cellular proteins photosystem II (PSII), which is located in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and green plant chloroplasts alongside other proteins of the photosynthetic light interactions, photochemically oxidized to form water.
What does the photosynthetic Calvin cycle entail?The C3 cycle would be another name for the Calvin cycle. The carbon from the carbon cycle gets resolved into sugars during a cycle of chemical reactions. It actually took place in the plant cell's chloroplast. Then, these three-carbon molecules can be metabolized by plants and animals into amino acids, nucleotides, and more complex carbohydrates like starches.
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The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is
6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O.
If the input water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of 18O , then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with 18. Which of the following is most likely the explanation?
A) During the light reaction of photosynthesis , the water split, removing electrons and protons and oxygen is released in the atmosphere.
B) During the light reaction of photosynthesis the water is split, the hydrogen atom combines with CO2 and O2 gas is released.
C) During the Calvin cycle , water is split , regenerating NADPH from NADP+ , and oxygen is released.
D) During the Calvin cycle, water is split, the hydrogen atoms are added to immidiates of sugar synthesis, and oxygen gas is released.
for which of these datasets is it appropriate to make a bar graph? select all that apply. honey production variation with temperature in a hive of bees number of eggs laid by four species of butterflies heart rate (beats per minute) when resting, walking, or running five miles per hour number of children in each grade at an elementary school
It is appropriate to make a bar graph for the following datasets: honey production variation with temperature in a hive of bees, number of fertilized eggs by four butterfly species, number of elementary school pupils in each grade
There are many types of graphs that can be used to display data, and the appropriate type of graph to use depends on the type of data and the message you want to convey. Some common types of graphs include:
Bar graphs: used to compare categorical data
Line graphs: used to show changes in continuous data over time
Pie charts: used to show proportions of different categories
A bar graph is a useful way to display categorical data and compare different categories, or groups. In the datasets you mentioned, it is useful to compare the honey production at different temperatures, the number of eggs laid by different butterfly species, and the number of children in different grades.
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What conclusion was Bob able to draw about minerals after reading this chart provided by
his physician?
A. Minerals found in healthy foods help the body to function properly.
B. Minerals are more important to the body than vitamins.
C. A vegetarian diet may be deficient in minerals.
D. Multivitamins are necessary in order to provide the body with minerals.
E. Adults need minerals in their diet more than do children.
Conclusion that Bob was able to draw about minerals after reading the chart provided by his physician : A.) Minerals found in healthy foods help the body to function properly.
How are minerals important for body?Minerals are necessary for building strong bones and teeth, controlling body fluids inside and outside cells and turning the food you eat into energy. Mineral deficiencies can lead to variety of health problems such as weak bones, fatigue, or decreased immune system.
Minerals help maintain acid-base balance to keep body pH neutral and help regulate body processes, such as in enzyme systems. Minerals also function in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
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a bacteria colony initially has 5 million bacteria, and is growing at a rate of f(t)=2e^{0.02t} million bacteria per hour. by how many bacteria does the colony grow in 8 hours? input your answer to two decimal places. the units of your answer should be "million bacteria".
There are 2.34 million bacteria produced by the colony in 8 hours.
To calculate the growth of the bacteria colony in 8 hours, we need to use the formula for the growth rate, which is:
f(t) = 2e^(0.02t)First, we need to substitute in the values for the initial number of bacteria and the growth rate:
f(t) = 2e^(0.02t)Next, we need to substitute in the value for t, which is 8 hours:
f(8) = 2e^(0.02(8))Now we can calculate the growth of the colony in 8 hours by plugging in the value for t into the equation and solving for f(8):
f(8) = 2e^(0.16)f(8) = 2(1.17)f(8) = 2.34 million bacteriaSo the colony grows by 2.34 million bacteria in 8 hours.
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Though the brain represents less than 2 percent of your body weight, it uses 25 percent of
the oxygen you breathe and 70 percent of your glucose supply.
The brain has five basic regions:
Cerebellum - Coordinates body movement.
Brain stem - Responsible for basic life functions such as blood pressure and breathing.
Thalamus - A Grand Central relay station for incoming data from all the senses except
smell.
Hypothalamus - A regulator of hunger, thirst, sleep, sexuality, and emotions.
Cerebrum - Our gray matter, home to thought, vision, language memory, emotions. It's
divided into hemispheres. If you're right-handed, odds are the right hemisphere is where
you make sense of music, images, space, emotions. Your left hemisphere is apt to focus
on math, language, speech. In left-handed people, tasks are usually reversed.
The brain works via the communication of nerve cells along complicated circuit patterns
that register on encephalograms as brain waves, including the relaxed "alpha waves" so
beloved by meditators.
What conclusion can you draw from the information provided about the brain?
A. The brain uses a higher percentage of oxygen than any other organ.
B. The cerebrum is the most essential region of the brain.
C. Eating disorders do not involve testing on any regions of the brain.
D. Call regions of the brain are essential for normal human function.
E. Any injury to the brainstem may result in sensory dysfunction.
Answer:
D. All regions of the brain are essential for normal human function.
The image shows a rain forest ecosystem. The energy from plants, or producers, acts as the starting point of energy in the ecosystem. This energy is transferred to other organisms in the food web. In which two ways is the total amount of energy conserved in the ecosystem?
A. Some energy is transferred to the organisms, and the remaining energy is released into the ecosystem as thermal energy.
B. Bacteria eat the dead bodies of organisms to release the organisms’ stored energy into the atmosphere.
C. Some energy is transferred to the smaller organisms, and the rest is stored in the bodies of larger animals.
D. Some energy is transferred to the organisms, and the rest is released by plants in the form of carbon dioxide.
E. Bacteria eat the dead bodies of organisms, obtain all the energy, and store it in their bodies.
Answer: B or E
Explanation: The cycle goes, producers (a plant) take energy from light, primary consumer (an insect) eats it and takes in that energy, secondary consumer (a herbivore) eats it and the tertiary consumer (a carnivore) eats that and the apex predator (also carnivore) eats it. Any of these can die at any point due to disease.
The real answer is that when an organism dies, decomposers such as fungi or bacteria can break it down allowing the nutrients to go back into the soil and the plants take it up and the cycle continues...
The answers aren't very good here but I reckon the closest one is E
I have a bio poster presentation and I chose plant growth topic. Which plant should i do poster? u can give any suggestions and facts
Answer: You can use beans/bean sprouts or Mushrooms
Explanation: They grow quickly and in large quantities
regarding the evolution of metabolism and the energetically and environmentally unstable early earth, why is it conceivable that the first microbes were lithotrophs and possibly lithophototrophs.
It is conceivable that the first microbes were lithotrophs and possibly lithotrophs because lithotrophs belong to the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Geological significance are lithotrophs participate in many geological processes, such as the formation of soil and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements.
Lithotrophs is basically related with the modern-day issue of acid mine drainage.
An organism that obtains its energy from inorganic compounds (such as ammonia) via electron transfer is call lithotrophs.
Lithotrophs are found in soil and aquatic environments where they can find their energy source is present. lithotrophs are autotrophs which means they can grow in the absence of any organic material.
Lithotrophic species are found among the Bacteria and the Archaea.
Obligate lithotrophs include sulfide-, sulfur-, metal-, ammonium-, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Facultative lithotrophs include aerobic hydrogen- and CO-oxidizing bacteria.
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which of the following offspring genotypes could result from the fertilization of an egg that had undergone nondisjunction in meiosis ii with a normal haploid sperm? (because a nondisjunction event in meiosis ii could involve the chromosome containing gene a or the chromosome containing gene a, be sure to consider both possibilities in your final answer .) select all that apply. view available hint(s)for part b which of the following offspring genotypes could result from the fertilization of an egg that had undergone nondisjunction in meiosis ii with a normal haploid sperm? (because a nondisjunction event in meiosis ii could involve the chromosome containing gene a or the chromosome containing gene a, be sure to consider both possibilities in your final answer .)select all that apply. aaa aaa aaa aa aa a
Nondisjunction in meiosis II can result in the production of egg cells that have an abnormal number of chromosomes. If an egg cell that has undergone nondisjunction fertilizes with a normal haploid sperm.
The resulting offspring will have an abnormal number of chromosomes. If the egg cell has an extra copy of the chromosome containing gene A, the possible genotypes of the offspring would be AaAa, Aaa, and Aa, because the sperm cell will contribute one copy of the chromosome to the fertilized egg. If the egg cell is missing one copy of the chromosome containing gene A, the possible genotypes of the offspring would be aa and aA, because the sperm cell will contribute one copy of the chromosome to the fertilized egg. Therefore, based on the given options, the possible genotypes that could result from the fertilization of an egg that had undergone nondisjunction in meiosis II with a normal haploid sperm are AaAa, Aaa, Aa, aa, and aA.
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q1. you aim to chemically synthesize four peptides with the following one-letter amino acid sequences: tiger, panther, cheetah, and cat. a) which one of these peptides will have the lowest pi? give a reason for your answer. you are not expected to calculate the pis of the peptides to answer this question. a qualitative knowledge of the ionization properties of amino acids discussed in class is sufficient to answer this question.
The peptide which is going to have the lowest pI is CHEETAH which is because of the presence of two acidic amino acids in it.
The point at which the net charge of a particular amino acid is zero or neutral can be defined as the pI or the isoelectric point of that particular amino acid.
Among the peptides that are given to us, the peptide CHEETAH possesses the lowest isoelectric point. CHEETAH consists of two acidic amino acids one of which is weakly basic amino acid known as Histidine (H) and the other one is Glutamate (E).
The peptide PANTHER will have a high pI as it consists of one acidic amino acid Glutamate (E) and two basic amino acids like Arginine (R) and Histidine (H). TIGER consists of one one basic amino acid Arginine (R) and acidic amino acid Glutamate (E). The peptide CAT will have a neutral pI as it has neither basic nor acidic amino acids in it.
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The phenomenon when positive and negative space change places, as seen in A Shape of Space is called:
The phenomenon when positive and negative space change places, as seen in A Shape of Space is called figure-ground reversal.
An essential component of object recognition through vision is figure-ground organization, a sort of perceptual grouping. A figure from the backdrop can be recognized, in Gestalt psychology. For instance, white sheet is referred to as the "background," and black words on a printed page are referred to as the "figure."
Gestalt psychology was the field from which the idea of figure-ground perception was born. The whole is more (or different), in the Gestalt perspective, than the sum of its parts. The word "form" or "shape" in German is where the word "gestalt" originates.
A number of German psychologists, including Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Kohler, started looking into several perception-related concepts in the 1920s. These rules control how humans interpret an often-chaotic environment. The Gestalt laws of perceptual organization are a result of their research.
According to the Gestalt theory of perception, individuals make sense of their environment by bringing together various, different pieces to form a coherent whole.
When you look at forms that have been drawn on paper, for instance, your mind is likely to group the shapes according to resemblance or closeness. Things that resemble one another are frequently grouped together. Nearby objects frequently end up grouped together as well.
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In the movie Contagion, Why is the woman from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) not willing to go to the public about the disease?
Answer:
The woman from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) in the movie Contagion is not willing to go to the public about the disease because she is following the protocols and guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and there is no clear understanding of the nature of the disease or its origin, and also it could lead to misinformation and unnecessary panic.
Explanation:
In the movie Contagion, the woman from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) is not willing to go to the public about the disease because she is following the protocols and guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC has not yet confirmed the outbreak, and going public before an official confirmation could cause unnecessary panic and chaos. Additionally, the woman from MDH is not willing to go to the public about the disease because there is no clear understanding of the nature of the disease or its origin, so there is no way to give accurate information to the public, and also it could lead to misinformation.
Going public too early could also hinder the ability of the MDH and other health organizations to effectively contain and control the outbreak. The woman from the MDH is following a cautious and responsible approach to the outbreak, which is in line with the protocols and guidelines set by the CDC. She is making sure that the information that is disseminated to the public is accurate and that the public is not panicked, and also she wants to avoid misinformation to spread.
which of the following items should be autoclaved after working in the lab? multiple choice wash bin glass bacterial culture tubes dissection tray used for preserved specimen discarded dissection tissue
After working in the lab, glass bacterial culture tubes should be autoclaved.
Culture tubes, culture plates, swabs, toothpicks, wipes, disposable transfer needles, and gloves should all be placed in a biohazard autoclave bag and autoclaved for 30 to 40 minutes at 121 °C at 20 pounds of pressure.
Pre-cleaned borosilicate glass test tubes with no rims. Tubes can be used for hot or cold applications, are reusable, and can be autoclaved.
Steam, high pressure, and time are used to complete the process. Steam is remarkably effective at transferring thermal energy (when compared to dry air) and can sterilise a load at 121 °C in just 15 minutes. The vast majority of laboratory glass bottles are autoclavable.
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as a result of epistasis, the selective advantage of an allele blank . multiple choice question.
The representation and relationship of the phenotype's occurrence in the progeny is known as the phenotypic ratio. The codominance is shown by the phenotypic ratio.
Codominance refers to heredity in which the progeny expresses both the recessive and the dominant alleles individually to generate the individual with the expression of each attribute separately. Examples of codominance include blood type, eye color, roan cattle, floral colors, sickle-cell anemia, and others. The phenotypic ratio shows that the physical features that are observable in the offspring are present.
Because both qualities with alleles manifest themselves separately in the following generation, codominance results in a higher phenotypic ratio. ABO blood type is a well-known example of multiple alleles, which happen when there are more than two potential alleles for a particular chromosomal site. Each person has two number nine chromosomes, which results in two ABO blood type alleles.
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g 5. following up on the above question: which of the following statements best describes how the mutations listed below would affect this protein? ala in position 220 is mutated to asp met in position 221 to glu leu in position 222 to lys trp in position 223 to pro phe in position 224 to arg ile in position 225 to ala ser in position 226 to thr (all these mutations are present in the mutant protein at the same time!)
The mutations listed in the question would likely have a significant effect on the function of the protein. The Ala in position 220 is mutated to Asp, which is a negatively charged amino acid.
The Met in position 221 is mutated to Glu, which is a polar amino acid, this change can affect the hydrophobic interactions and the 3D structure of the protein. The Leu in position 222 is mutated to Lys, which is a positively charged amino acid, this change could disrupt the electrostatic interactions and the hydrogen bonds that are present in the native protein. The Trp in position 223 is mutated to Pro. The Ile in position 225 is mutated to Ala, which is a non-polar amino acid, this change can affect the hydrophobic interactions and the 3D structure of the protein. The Ser in position 226 is mutated to Thr, which is a polar amino acid, this change can affect the hydrophobic interactions and the 3D structure of the protein. All these mutations could affect the stability, activity, and the function of the protein.
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