Storage polysaccharides, like starch and glycogen, often contain over a million glucose units. The energetic cost of synthesizing polysaccharides is high (about one high-energy phosphate bond per sugar residue added). Suppose that in a liver cell, the glucosyl residues in large numbers of glycogen molecules were replaced with an equivalent number of molecules of free glucose. What problems would this cause for the liver cell

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Glucose present as monomers within the cell will exert more osmotic pressure than a single glycogen molecule, resulting in endosmosis and the lysing of cells.

Also, the presence of free glucose molecules will result in increase in weight of the liver due to lack of efficient packing as in glycogen as well as the association ofnthe glucose molecules with water molecules.

Explanation:

Glycogen is a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomer units linked to Each other by α-1,4-glycosidic binds. α-1,6-branches arises at about every 10th glucose residue in the straight chain. Thus animals more glucose molecules to be stored within a much smaller space, thereby incresing the bulkiness of glycogen. Glycogen molecules are insoluble in the aqueous medium of the cell because it doesn't have enough free polar groups to participate in hydrogen bonding with water and are stored as granules and therefore do not affect the water potential or osmotic balance of the cell.

On the other hand, glucose molecules are highly soluble in water because it has many free polar -OH grours that form hydrogen bonds with water. If the glucosyl residues in large numbers of glycogen molecules were replaced with an equivalent number of molecules of free glucose, the free glucose will exert a high osmotic pressure inside the cell, causing the entry of water in the cell by endosmosis resulting in swelling and lysis ofnthe cell. Also, the space occupied by these free glucose units within the cell will be much larger than that of glycogen whichmenables efficient packing ofthe glucose molecules.


Related Questions

Please help me name each letter and match it to the definition. (Do not spam on my question either please)

Answers

Answer:

1. B. Medulla oblongata contains cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor and reflex centers.

2. A. Hypothalamus is the major regulator of ANS

3. D. Occipital lobe is the location of visual cortex.

4. F. Sensory areas are primary site responsible for perceiving cutaneous sensory sensations and proprioception.

5. E. Motor areas directs conscious motor movement

6. C. Cerebellum - coordinates movement by comparing intended movement with actual movement.

7. K. Corpus callosum allows communication between right & left cerebral hemispheres.

8. J. Frontal Lobe - Cognition, personality.

9. A. Hypothalamus - Contains hunger, thirst and thermoregulatory centers.

Rabbits in most areas have a brown coat. The arctic hare has a bright white coat in
winter. How does the arctic hare's white color help it survive?

Answers

Answer:

Indeed, rabbits, in most of the planet, tend to have their fur colored brown, copper or other similar shades. Now, in the Arctic regions, these animals do not have this color, but a white one, similar to the environment that surrounds them. This is so because these animals, for evolutionary reasons, have adapted their fur to the snowy environment that surrounds them in the Arctic, in order to avoid being detected by potential predators, protecting themselves and trying to ensure their survival.

Where does pollination take place for an orange tree?
A. Flowers
B. Leaves
C. Roots
D. Trunk

( please help due right now )

Answers

Answer: A.
Insects fly to the flower for pollen and nectar

Answer:

its A :)

Explanation:

i got the answer correct on my work

Mrs. Essy is type "A" and Mr. Essy is type "O." They have three children named Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Mark is type "O," Matthew is type "A," and Luke is type "AB." Based on this information:
A. Mr. Essy musy have the genotype??
B. Mrs.Essy must have the genotype??

Answers

Answer:

A) Mr Essy genotype is OB

B) Mrs Essy genotype is OO

Explanation:

A) Mr Essy genotype is OB

B) Mrs Essy genotype is OO

OO * OB

OO, OO, OB, OB

3. In most cells,
directs the production of a
which then enters a ribosome. The
molecule of
ribosome produces the final product,
Retroviruses do the opposite. They use the enzyme reverse
transcriptase to use a template of
to produce

Answers

Answer:

In most cells, DNA directs the production of a molecule of mRNA which then enters a ribosome. The ribosome produces the final product, a protein. Retroviruses do the opposite. They use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to use a template of mRNA to produce DNA.

Explanation:

The central dogma of molecular biology describes how a cell uses its genetic information to synthesize a protein. The first step called 'transcription' consists of using an RNA polymerase enzyme and a fragment of DNA (i.e., gene) as a template to synthesize an RNA molecule, usually a messenger RNA (mRNA). Subsequently, the genetic code in the mRNA sequence is read by the ribosomes in order to produce a protein, a process known as 'translation'. Retroviruses are viruses that have the ability to integrate into the host genome by using a reverse transcriptase enzyme that allows reverse transcription of mRNA to complementary DNA, which then integrates into the host's genome.

The correct options in the blanks are DNA, mRNA, Protein, mRNA, and DNA respectively.

What is gene expression?

It is the process by which cells produce protein from DNA molecules. DNA produces RNA which contains codes to produce amino acids.

The mRNA enters the ribosome which produced protein using the codons of mRNA.

Retroviruses have special machinery to produce the DNA from mRNA.

Therefore, the correct options in the blanks are DNA, mRNA, Protein, mRNA, and DNA respectively.

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7. How does distance affect the strength of an electric force?
A. Electric forces that are closer together are weaker.
B. Electric forces that are closer together are stronger.
O C. Electric forces have the same strength regardless of distance.
O D. Electric forces create their own strength depending on their charge.

Answers

The correct answer will be A
A. Electric forces that are closer together are weaker
Explanation: Increasing the separation distance between objects decreases the force of attraction or repulsion between the objects.

Which of the following is an example of genetic discrimination?

Answers

Where’s the examples..

POSSIBLE POINIS: 5
Which of the following is the best example of a population with the terrarium ecosystem?
A
the grains of sand in the bottom of the jar
B
the air and the screen at the top of the jar
С
the paper tube and the water containers
D
the three crickets in the jar



Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

GIVING AWAY 18 POINTS PLEASE HELP ME ASAPPP!!!

Answers

Answer:a major ecosystem defined by distinctive geography and receiving uniform solar radiation and moisture

Explanation:

Why did the accepted scientific theory of the solar system change from a geocentric model with Earth in the center to a heliocentric model with the Sun in the center?

Question 2 options:

A: Because over time the Sun's position changed


B: Because over time the Earth's position changed


C: New evidence and observations changed our understanding of the solar system


D: New planets formed in between the Sun and Earth

Answers

I think it is A and C sorry if I’m wrong

10.) What hormone is released due to the rising level of estrogen in the bloodstream?​

Answers

Answer:

10.) What hormone is released due to the rising level of estrogen in the bloodstream?

A) When the level of estrogen is sufficiently high, it produces a sudden release of LH, usually around day thirteen of the cycle.

-TheUnknownScientist

Answer:

LH hormone is released due to the rising level of estrogen in the bloodstream.

Which of the following is a difference between arteries and viens?
arteries carry blood and veins carry only plasma
arteries do not have valves and veins do have valves
arteries are thin and veins are thick
arteries carry blood back to the heart and veins carry blood to the heart

Answers

The correct option is :

=》arteries do not have valves and veins do have valves.

Arteries don't have valves because back flow of blood isn't possible due to high pressure, but blood in veins doesn't have high pressure just like arteries, so to stop backflow of blood, veins have valves.

A directional flow of electric charge

Answers

Answer:

The direction of an electric current is by convention the direction in which a positive charge would move. Thus, the current in the external circuit is directed away from the positive terminal and toward the negative terminal of the battery. Electrons would actually move through the wires in the opposite direction.

Conventionally, a positive charge would go in the same direction as an electric current. As a result, the battery's positive terminal receives less current in the external circuit than its negative counterpart. Actually, electrons would go in the reverse direction across the cables.

What is electric current ?

A stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, traveling through an electrical conductor or a vacuum is known as an electric current. The net rate of electric charge flowing through a surface or into a control volume is how it is calculated.

The cell phone, trains, ships, refrigerator, and the motors in appliances like food processors all run on electricity. To be useful, electric energy must be converted into other forms of energy like heat, light, or mechanical.

Conventionally, a positive charge would go in the same direction as an electric current. As a result, the battery's positive terminal receives less current in the external circuit than its negative counterpart.

Thus, a positive charge would go in the same direction as an electric current.

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how does the soil environment support the earthworm in the students hand

Answers

The soil can determine how the earthworm will react, if there’s bad soil most likely there won’t be a lot of earthworms around

Name three benefits of keeping plants at home.

Answers

Answer:

Studies have shown that indoor plants...

Boost your mood, productivity, concentration and creativity.

Reduce your stress, fatigue, sore throats and colds.

Help clean indoor air by absorbing toxins, increasing humidity & producing oxygen.

Add life to a sterile space, give privacy and reduce noise levels.

PEASE HELPPP!!!

Identify the individual(s) in the Jones family whose genotype cannot be determined with the certainty (A_?)

Answers

We'd need to know if the trait is dominant or recessive. In other words, is the colored in A_ or aa?

Most scientists have biases, but they try to prevent bias from influencing their work.
What is bias?
A. having a point of view that is objective
B. having a point of view that is impartial
C. having a point of view that lacks prejudice
D. having a point of view that can influence an experiment

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Answer:Is B

Explanation: because is b

which of the following is an example of an ecosystem with a high amount of diodiversity

Answers

Answer:

Example of ecosystem with high biodiversity is tropical rain forest as seen in Amazon basin of south America. Such forests are also thriving in parts of central Africa and also in islands of Indonesia. In marine environment, coral reefs are example of high biodiversity aquatic ecosystems

Explanation:

Compare and contrast the outer core and the inner core. Mention 2 differences between the two cores.

Answers

Answer:

The outer core is colder than the inner core, and they are both inside the Earth. The inner core is the deepest layer of Earth's layers.

Explanation:

Which of the following are the main parts of the cardiovascular system?

A. thymus, lymph, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils

B. esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

C. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs

D. heart, arteries, capillaries, and vines

Pls, help! I am currently taking a test with this question on it! I will mark brainliest if u are correct!

Answers

(D)

HEART,ARTERIES,CAPPILARIES,AND VINES

HOPE IT HELPS THANK YOU ☺

6. Which of the following is a nonmetal?
a. Fe
b. AI
C. N
d. Si

Answers

Answer:

C nitrogen!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Yeah it’s Nitrogen (aka C)

In which division phase is the nucleolus formed and spindle fibers broken down?
A) anaphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D)telophase

Answers

Answer:

Prophase

Explanation:

During prophase, the nuclear envelope and nucleolus are dissolved and the chromosomes condense. The centrioles and spindle fibers begin to form at opposite poles of the cell.

Answer:

telophase

Explanation:

Spindle fibers disperse as the chromosomes are separated and become housed within two new nuclei.

If dogs has 78 chromosomes in each somatic cell, how many chromosomes does each dog sperm have?

Is it possible for 2 dog spend cells to simultaneously enter a dog egg? Why or why not?​

Answers

Answer:

1.Normal dog semen contains 300 million to 2 billion sperm. The quantity of sperm varies depending on the weight and size of your dog, with the bare minimum sitting at around 10 million sperm cells per pound of bodyweight.

2.yes because The heat cycle of the female lasts from 18 to 21 days. ... Eggs remain fertile for about 48 hours. ... Dogs mature sexually earlier than they do emotionally.

In Drosophila, red eyes is wild-type and purple eyes are mutant. Full-size wings are wild-type and vestigial wings are mutant. Flies with wild-type pr pr vg vg genotypes were crossed with double mutant flies with a pr-pr- vg-vg- genotypes. The F1 flies had pr pr- vg vg- genotypes. The F1 flies with heterozygous genotypes were crossed with double mutant flies with a pr-pr- vg-vg- genotypes One thousand offspring were typed. This cross produced 430 red-eye, wild-type wing flies, 65 purple-eye wild-type wing flies, 60 red-eye, vestigial wing flies, and 445 purple-eye, vestigial wing flies. What is the distance between the loci for purple eyes and vestigial wings in centiMorgans (map units)

Answers

Answer:

Distance between genes 12.5 MU = 12.5 cM.

Explanation:

Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.

which of tbe following are MAINLY energy sources? Choose all that apply
A. protein
B. glucose
C. triglyceride
D. amino acid
E. amylose

Please help and No Links!

Answers

Answer:

A,D,B

Explanation:

PLEASE ANSWER ASAP
Which of the following statements accurately describe a chromosome? Select all that apply.

a. Chromosomes contain one long DNA molecule that is tightly wound

b. Every chromosome has many genes as each gene is one segment of DNA

c. Every chromosome has one gene as an entire DNA makes up a gene

d. In any given organism, the gene(s) found on one chromosome can also be found on other chromosomes.

Answers

Answer:A

Explanation:

The statements that accurately describe a chromosome are:

a. Chromosomes contain one long DNA molecule that is tightly wound.

b. Every chromosome has many genes as each gene is one segment of DNA.

d. In any given organism, the gene(s) found on one chromosome can also be found on other chromosomes.

What is a chromosome?

A chromosome can be defined as a thread-like linear strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is typically found in the nucleus of each cell.

The characteristics of a chromosome.

In Genetics, some of the characteristics of a chromosome include the following:

Chromosomes is made up of a long deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that is tightly wound.Every chromosome consist of many genes as each gene is a single segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).In any given organism, the gene(s) that is found on a chromosome can also be found on other chromosomes.

Read more on chromosome here: https://brainly.com/question/1262952

which type of bond forms between water molecules

Answers

Answer:

hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules.Attraction between individual water molecules creates a bond known as a hydrogen bond.

Answer:

hydrogen bonds.

Explanation:

In the case of water, hydrogen bonds form between neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. The attraction between individual water molecules creates a bond known as a hydrogen bond.

What cell is this ?

Answers

Answer:

Animal cell

Explanation:

Based on the figure above, _________ATP molecules are formed by fermentation.

a. 2 c. 36

b. 8 d. 38

Answers

Answer:

Hey!

The answer is:-

2 ATP molecules.

The diagram below represents some stages in the life cycle of humans. The numbers in the diagram represent various processes in the cycle.




Identify the process(es) represented by 1 and 2. State how these processes (1 and 2) affect the amount of genetic information provided by a parent to its offspring.

Answers

Answer:

The diagram below represents some stages in the life cycle of humans. The numbers in the diagram represent various processes in the cycle.

1. "The processes reduce the amount of genetic information from each parent by half."

During sexual reproduction, a specialized cell division process called meiosis occurs. Meiosis involves two consecutive divisions, resulting in the production of four haploid cells (gametes) from a diploid cell.

2. "Each parent only contributes half of the genetic information that is contained in his or her own cells."

As mentioned earlier, meiosis results in the formation of haploid gametes. Each gamete contains only one set of chromosomes, which is half the number found in the parent's diploid cells.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up, and genetic recombination occurs between them, shuffling and exchanging genetic information.

3. "Each egg (or each sperm) will carry only half of the genetic information contained in the parent's body cells."

This statement reiterates that gametes (eggs or sperm) are haploid cells containing only one set of chromosomes. When a cell undergoes meiosis to produce gametes, it divides twice, resulting in four cells with half the genetic information of the parent's body cells.

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