Answer:
let L= represent allele for long hair l= represent allele for short hairGenotype of offsprings will all have Ll that’s if the long haired Guinea pig is homozygous dominant for the traitbut,
Genotype of offsprings will be,Ll Ll ll and ll that's when the long haired pig is a heterozygous situationHELP QUICKLY PLEASE !!!
1. Why are Clostridium Botulinum considered to be very pathogenic?
2. At what stage do Clostridium Botulinum produce toxins?
Answer:
1. Clostridium Botulinum can only grow in the absence of oxygen.
2. Clostridium Botulinum grows and produces toxins in food prior to consumption.
If a person circulatory system does not function well how might thermoregulation in his or her body be affected
A
B
Why do different
species of
organisms look
different?
They want to have individuality.
They live in different environments and have
different adaptations. This
Answer:
Mutations, the changes in the sequences of genes in DNA, are one source of genetic variation. Another source is gene flow, or the movement of genes between different groups of organisms. Finally, genetic variation can be a result of sexual reproduction, which leads to the creation of new combinations of genes.
Which of these
is NOT a sex-
linked disorder?
A. muscular dystrophy
C. hemophilia
3
B. color blindness
D. codominance this
Answer: Which of these is NOT a sex-linked disorder?
D. codominance
Explanation:
The correct answer is optionD. Codominance. Codominance is not a sex-linked disorder. Sex-linked disorders are genetic conditions that are associated with genes located on the sex chromosomes (X and Y). Option A, muscular dystrophy, and option C, hemophilia, are both examples of sex-linked disorders. These conditions are more commonly seen in males because the genes for these disorders are carried on the X chromosome, and males only have one X chromosome. Option B, color blindness, is also a sex-linked disorder. It is caused by a mutation in the genes on the X chromosome. However, option D, codominance, is not a sex-linked disorder. Codominance refers to a situation where both alleles of a gene are expressed equally in the phenotype of an individual. It is not specifically related to the sex chromosomes.
View the picture below
The action of muscle 3 elevates the shoulder joint, abducts, and rotates the scapula.
What is scapula?
The scapula is a bone with a flat, triangular form. It is situated on the dorsal side of the rib cage in the upper thoracic area. It forms the shoulder joint by joining with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint and the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint.
The scapula is a crucial bone for the shoulder joint's proper operation. It engages in six different motions, including protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, upward rotation, and downward rotation, all of which enable full-functional movement of the upper extremities. The scapula covers the posterior upper chest, including the underlying nerves and blood arteries, in addition to stabilizing the other bones involved in rotating the shoulder.
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when an enzyme can no longer bind to its substrate the enzyme is considerd to be
Answer:
Denatured
Explanation:
However, extremely high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working. pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity. Extreme pH values can cause enzymes to denature.
What two traits did Mendel
cross in the first dihybrid
test?
A. seed shape and seed color this
B. plant height and pod shape
C. seed shape and plant height
Seed shape and seed color these two traits did Mendel cross in the first dihybrid test.
Hence, Option A is the correct answer.
A mating experiment between two organisms that are equally hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross. A heterozygous organism is one that possesses two distinct alleles at a single genetic location or locus.
Mendel used a dihybrid cross to combine two contradictory features, such as the color and form of seeds, for breeding purposes. He selected the round yellow seed and the wrinkled green seed and crossed them.
In the F1 generation, he only succeeded in getting round yellow seeds. This demonstrated that seeds are often spherical and yellow in color in the natural world. While seeds' wrinkled appearance and green color are recessive characteristics. F1 offspring was later self-pollinated. Four different seed combinations in F2 were produced as a result.
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Select three values considered part of the set of five universal values.
0
equal rights
happiness
cordial conduct
human dignity
social progress
public assistance
individual assistance
The universal values are the values that are adding the noble causes for a good world that is away from the violence and war. There are various universal values that are different for different cultures.
What is the universal law of love ?It says that the love wins over hatred.
There are various noble values that are written as following :
UNIVERSAL VALUES - PEACE
FREEDOM
SOCIAL PROGRESS
EQUAL RIGHTS
The universal values of love, truth and kindness are the basic values that are to be followed by every culture and every tradition that are written as following :
Love
Truth
Right Conduct
Peace and Non-violence
These following universal laws will help to stabilize a culture and a world away from hatred and ugly phases of today's world.
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What Kingdom and class would this fossil belong to? Explain your choice.
The fossil organism that is shown in the image comes under the animal kingdom.
What are fossils?Fossils are the preserved remains of plants and animals whose bodies were buried beneath ancient oceans, lakes, and rivers in sediments such as sand and mud. Fossils are any preserved trace of life that is greater than 10,000 years old.
The fossils are of a fish. This comes under the animal kingdom. Fossils are the preserved remnants of ancient species or signs of their remains. Fossils are not the remains of living organisms. They are stones.
Therefore, the fossil organism depicted in the photograph belongs to the animal kingdom.
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Identify Structure D.
Phospholipids compose the cell membrane, arranged as a bilayer. Their heads can be in contact with water. Their tails are against each other in the interior of the membrane. Structure D represents the lipidic bilayer.
What is the composition of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is composed of a lipidic bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, and glucans incrusted in between.
Lipidic bilayer
The lipidic bilayer is composed of phospholipids.
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
Their hydrophilic polar heads are facing the exterior and the interior of the cells. Their hydrophobic tails are against each other, constituting the internal part of the membrane.Cholesterol
These molecules are incrusted in the membrane between the hydrophobic tails of lipids.
Proteins
Integral proteins (Transmembrane proteins or Monotypic integral proteins) Periferic proteinsCarbohydrates
Carbohydrates associate with lipids and proteins to compose glycolipids and glycoproteins.
They are mostly located in the external lipidic monolayer, facing the cell exterior.
In the image, structure D is representing the lipidic bilayer.
We can identify
the polar heads, facing the exterior and interior of the cell. They are represented as circles. the hydrophobic tails, facing each other in the intermembrane space. They are represented with thin lines.You can learn more about the lipidic bilayer at
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What is believed to be a vestigial
structure found in humans?
A. appendix this is answer
B. fibula
C. spleen
Answer: A.) Appendix
Explanation:
Vestigial structures are those that seem to be leftover pieces from a previous ancestor but have no discernible function. The human appendix, a snake's pelvic bone, and flightless birds' wings are a few examples of vestiges.
Vestigial structures are generally harmless but have the potential to cause harm. However, like any other structure, they require extra energy and are susceptible to disease.
Vestigial structures, particularly benign ones, take a long time to phase out because doing so would require significant changes that might have unfavorable side effects. So, they are genetically determined traits or structures that, in a particular species, have mostly or completely lost their original function.
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The figure shows the stages of core collapse inside a highly massive main-sequence star. Label the stages with the appropriate descriptions.
The correct order of the stages of core collapse inside a highly massive main-sequence star is given in the attachment.
What is a main-sequence star?A main-sequence star is a name used to describe any star that has a hot, dense core that fuses hydrogen into helium to produce energy.
The stages in the collapse of a main-sequence star are described below:
The rebound of Infalling material off the coreGravitational collapse of the inert iron coreExpanding shock wave tears through the stellar interiorPhotodisintegr ation of iron in the core releasing neutrinosShock wave reaches the surface as a type lILearn more about main-sequence stars at:https://brainly.com/question/27242930
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ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPWRSTUVWXYZ
Answer:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Explanation:
THATS THE CORRECT WAY to do. the alphabet
What is a common
ancestor?
A. the oldest living member of a family
or population of organisms
B. the first and oldest organism of a
new species
C. the first level of a family tree
D. the organism that was the
beginning of multiple new species as a
result of evolution this is answer
3. Using the sources given, identify the electric charge in this atom.
A. -4
B. 0
C. +4
D. +1
Answer:
+4
Explanation:
The electric charge in this atom is 0. The correct option is B.
What is electric charge?An electrical charge occurs in a matter atom when the number of protons in the nucleus differs from the number of electrons surrounding that nucleus.
The atom has a negative charge if there are more electrons than protons. a matter of fact.
When charged matter is placed in an electromagnetic field, it experiences a force due to its physical property of electric charge.
A positive or negative electric charge can exist. Like charges repel one another, while unlike charges attract one another.
In the given image, the number of protons are equal to number of electrons, so it can be said that the net charge of the atom is 0.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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A common trait found in orange tabby cats is the following: being awesome (A) is dominant to being average (a).
A male cat that is homozygous dominant for the A trait is mated with a female cat that is homozygous recessive.
For a cross with four offspring, what is the probability that they will have an offspring who is heterozygous?
out of
Word Bank:
25
4
0
4
75
100
50
Answer:
There is a 0% chance
Explanation:
The probability that they will have an offspring who is heterozygous is 50%.
What are trait?Trait are defined as a qualities or aspects of an organism that are either influenced by the environment or expressed through genes. Traits may be influenced by genes, the environment, or a mixture of the two. There are both qualitative and quantitative traits. A characteristic is an unchanging constant that is passed down from parent to child at birth.
Cat male, AA Bb
Cat, female - aa bb
Cross: AA Bb x AB
Punntte: AB Gametes: AB, Ab, and ab AaBb ab ab Aabb
For a heterozygous trait, the trait probability is either 1 or 100%.
The likelihood of the b characteristic being heterozygous is 50%, or 1/2.
The overall probability is 50% = 50%.
Thus, the probability that they will have an offspring who is heterozygous is 50%.
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Which statement is true?
A. Mendelian inheritance concerns the genetic traits of plants, while non-Mendelian inheritance concerns animal genetic traits.
B. Mendelian inheritance concerns the genetic traits of plants, while non-Mendelian inheritance concerns animal genetic traits.
C. Mendelian inheritance concerns the genetic traits of domesticated plants and animals, while non-Mendelian inheritance concerns human genetic traits.
D. Mendelian inheritance concerns the genetic traits of domesticated plants and animals, while non-Mendelian inheritance concerns human genetic traits.
The statement Mendelian inheritance concerns the genetic traits of domesticated plants and animals, while non-Mendelian inheritance concerns human genetic traits is true (Option C).
Who was Gregor Mendel?Gregor Mendel was a Hungarian botanist who performed different crosses between pure lines of pea plants, which led him to develop a series of hypotheses that are nowadays laws in the genetic field.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that Gregor Mendel discovered several inheritance laws by working with pea plants and these discoveries can be applied to plant genetics, animal genetics and also to humans.
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4 Which characteristics of living organisms are shown as the head of a flower faces the sun all day?
A excretion and growth
B nutrition and irritability
C irritability and movement
D movement and respiration
5 Which is common to all organisms?
A asexual reproduction
B breathing
C excretion
D locomotion
6 Which features are not common to living things and most machines?
A excretion/eliminate waste
B movement/propulsion
C reproduce/self-duplicate
D respiration/combustion
7 What do you think has been least important to human evolutionary success?
A a large well-developed forebrain
B large size
C opposable thumbs
D stereoscopic vision
8 Which of the following characteristics is present in humans but not all other mammal species?
A constant body temperature
B diaphragm
C mammary glands
D vocal cords
9 The Aedes mosquito transmits the dengue virus. What is the role of the mosquito and the virus?
Mosquito Virus
A a pathogen a pathogen
B a pathogen a vector
C a vector a pathogen
D a vector a vector
10 Which feature of humans is best helped by them being bipedal?
A intelligence
B locomotion
C swimming
D tool making
Short answer and essay type questions
11 (a) List the characteristics you would use to decide if something was living or dead.
(b) Which of these characteristics would best show you quickly whether an animal, which appears to be dead, is living?
12 Give a brief definition of the following terms
(a) respiration
(b) irritability
(c) nutrition
13 Under the headings organ, stimulus and response, list all the organs of the body that can detect stimuli, alongside name the stimulus and then the body's response.
4. Excretion and growth is a characteristics of living organisms that is shown as the head of a flower faces the sun all day.
Option A is correct.
5. That which is common to all organisms is excretion.
Option C is correct.
6. Movement/ propulsion are features that are not common to living things and most machines.
Option B is correct.
7. Large size has been least important to human evolutionary success?
Option B is correct.
8. The characteristic that is present in humans but not all other mammal species is vocal cords
Option D is correct
9. The Aedes mosquito transmits the dengue virus. The role of the mosquito is pathogen and the virus is a vector.
Option B is correct.
10. The feature of humans is best helped by them being bipedal is locomotion
So, option B is correct.
11. Growth and development,
reproduction
made of cells, response to its environment,
adaptation
11b, all the characteristics shown above.
12a respiration is the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction that's to the environment.
12b, Irritability is a feeling of agitation that you might experience as a result of stress, mental health conditions, or physical disorders
12c, Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.
13. eyes is for sight
noses are for smell,
we listen with our ears,
we taste with our tongue,
and we touch with our skin.
What is excretion?Excretion is described as a process in which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism.
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All plants make their own food. Which of the following is NOT required
for these plants to make their own food?
A. sunlight
B. water
C. dirt
D. air
Answer:
D Air.
Explanation:
All the other options are needed for food except air.
Art-labeling Activity: Gustatory Receptors and Lingual Papillae
Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the gustatory receptors and lingual papilise.
The diagram to identify the gustatory receptors and lingual papillae is in the attached picture.
What are gustatory receptors?Gustatory receptors are receptors that are present on the tongue whose main function is the detect or sense the taste of food.
These gustatory receptors are present on the papillae of the tongue.
The tastes detected by these gustatory receptors are then sent to the brain where they are processed and then the individual can sense the food substance to be either salty, sweet, sour, or bitter.
The lingual papillae are small structures that are present on the upper surface of the tongue and are responsible for the characteristic rough texture of the tongue.
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SKILL BUILDER
16.
Label the diagram to identify the biomes. On the lines below the diagram, write a sentence
to explain how the biomes vary in their net primary productivity. Then, circle the name of
the biome that has the highest net primary productivity.
There are five major types of biomes: aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra, though some of these biomes can be further divided into more specific categories, such as freshwater, marine, savanna, tropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, and taiga
Define a biome.
A biome is a biogeographical unit made up of a biological community that has developed in response to the physical environment in which it is situated and a common local climate. Many different continents have different biomes. Different habitats can be included in a biome, which is a more general phrase than habitat.
Of all the terrestrial biomes, tropical forests have the highest primary productivity and biodiversity. Large-scale photosynthetic output and rapid growth are encouraged by the physical environment.
As a result of rapid decomposition, the nutrient supply is at its highest in rain forests, where plants are always exposed to high levels of water and light (at the canopy level). The light can support the growth of multiple layers of plants because it is so powerful. When there is a lot of water available, plants can continuously release nutrients from their roots. Without running out of water, they can keep their stomata open all day to maximize CO2 absorption. If necessary, they can use water to cool off. Rapid enzyme activity without seasonal dormancy is made possible by high and constant temperatures.
Due to wind-induced desiccation and stem bending that results in ice damage, tundra and alpine environments do not allow for very tall plant growth. This implies that there may be fewer layers of vegetation and less effective light absorption. The rate at which enzymes can catalyze reactions slows down in cold weather, which restricts NPP. Biochemistry cannot occur when water is frozen. The soil nutrients may be permanently locked up in frozen soil even when the air temperatures rise enough to permit photosynthesis.
Deserts are places with little accessible water. Extreme deserts, whether they are hot or cold, lack water, which makes it difficult for most plants to survive. As a result, productivity is very low. In both environments, plants may exhibit similar adaptations to conserve water.
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Similar to the regulation of body temperature, blood glucose level regulation in humans involves the process of negative feedback.
Drag the labels to show how blood glucose level is maintained within a narrow range.
Blood glucose level increases:
The pancreas releases glucagon, which stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood.
Brood glucose level decreases.
The pancreas releases insulin. which causes glucose enter body
The negative feedback regulation of blood glucose levels is as follows:
Blood glucose level decreases below normal:
The pancreas releases glucagon, which stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood --> Blood glucose level increasesBlood glucose level increases above normal:
The pancreas releases insulin. which causes glucose enter body --> Blood glucose level decrease.What is a negative feedback regulation mechanism?A negative feedback regulation mechanism is a mechanism of regulation of a process in which a product of the process is used to regulate the formation of that process.
For example, when the product of cellular respiration, ATP serves as a negative feedback regulator of the process of glycolysis which is a part of the cellular respiration pathways for the breakdown of blood glucose.
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Drag each label into the proper position in order to identify the outcome of each condition on blood calcium.
Label the figure with the items provided.
Inorease level of astedclasts
Decreased excretion of calchum
Parathyroid detects low calcium
Increased nhsorption of calcium
Parathyroid releases PTH
Blood calcium levels return to normal
Low blood calcium
To identify the outcome of each condition on blood calcium;
Increases Blood Calcium
Osteoclastic activityCalcitriolParathyroid hormoneIncreased bone resorptionIncreased calcium absorption by the digestive systemIncreased urinary excretion of phosphateIncreased calcium reabsorption from the kidneysDecreases Blood Calcium
Osteoblastic activityIncreased use of sunblockCalcitoninLiving at the northern latitudeInhibition of osteoblastsFor the second image that says "Label the figure with the items provided.":
1. Low blood calcium
2. Parathyroid detects low calcium
3. Parathyroid releases PTH
4a. Increase level of osteoclasts
4b. Decreased excretion of calcium
4c. Increased absorption of calcium
5. Blood calcium levels return to normal
How is blood calcium formed?Parathyroid hormones (PTH) is responsible for the release of calcium into blood and acts as a steward for bone minerals when there is shortage of calcium.
Blood calcium has a process and pathway from the parathyroid gland. When in low concentrations PTH is released to chief cells and travels along the bones to inhibit osteoblasts and stimulates osteoclasts, recover waste in the kidney and stimulate calcium absorption in the small intestine before calcium can return to normal amount.
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The cell membrane ___________.
(more than one answer)
A,. helps to protect the cell
B. produces glucose
C. produces energy
D. keep the internal conditions of the cell stable
Answer: D and A
Explanation:
The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. The cell membrane maintains homeostasis in three main ways
Conservation of Mass Activity Worksheet
Instructions: Observe and analyze the interactions between the substances pictured in the slide show. Compare the properties of substances before and after each interaction. You will submit your completed worksheet for grading.
Data Table
On the table below, record your observations before and after the interactions and explain how mass was conserved. Describe the changes in properties that prove a chemical reaction occurred. The first row is an example.
Observations Before Interaction Observations After Interaction How was mass conserved? Proof of a Chemical Reaction
Example: Sugar + Heat The sugar is in tiny white particles in a pile. Heat is not seen but is implied by the heat source. The pile of sugar in the pot has a mass of 100 grams. There is a solid, light brown mass at the bottom of the pot. It has a mass of 100 grams. The mass of the sugar is the same in melted form as it is in solid crystal form. There was not a chemical reaction. Sugar did not change composition. It only melted. Melting point is a physical property, and this is a physical change.
Steel Wool + Oxygen (Fire)
Egg + Heat
Water + Heat
Zinc + Hydrogen Chloride
Sodium Hydroxide + Copper Sulfate
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After Interaction How was mass conserved it is discussed below:
Steel Wool + Oxygen (Fire): chemical change
Egg + Heat: chemical change
Water + Heat: physical change.
Zinc + Hydrogen Chloride: chemical change
Sodium Hydroxide + Copper Sulfate: physical change
What is conservation of mass?According to the rule of conservation of mass, no atoms are lost or created during a chemical process. Instead, the atoms combine in various ways to generate products. This is why the number of atoms in each element in a balanced symbol equation is the same on both sides of the equation.
Steel Wool + Oxygen (Fire):The steel wool is a grayish color and has a rough surface. Oxygen is transparent It looks like a powder, and like if it was rusted steel wool but then broken apart and turned into a powder Well Iron oxide is 7 grams and steel wool combined is 7 grams so that the mass was conserved Yes, this is a chemical change because the steel wool rusted and rust is a chemical change, so iron oxide is cause because if a physical change.
Egg + Heat:The egg has a yellow yolk in the middle while there is some type of liquid at the border of the yolk, but it is clear, the heat is hot but transparent The egg turned into a delicious food called an omelet what was yolk staid as a liquid but got a tad harder, but the transparent border around it turned white It was conserved because the eggshell was 4 grams and the fried egg is 41 grams It is a chemical change because it results in the formation of new particles, and the chemical bonds break up and new ones are formed.
Water (H₂O) + Heat:The water is a clear liquid, while the heat is very hot but transparent The water turned into a type of oxygen -Water Vapor- If 5 g of water becomes a gas it becomes 5 g of water vapor. The mass of the liquid water is simply transferred into the mass of the newly formed water vapor. There was no chemical reaction because the water vapor can be turned back to water also it just changed from a liquid to a gas and did not change its composition. So, it is a physical change.
Zinc (Zn) + Hydrogen Chloride (HCl):Zinc: a white/silver metallic solid. Hydrogen chloride (dilute hydroelectric acid) a transparent, colorless liquid with a very low pH (acidic). Zinc "dissolved" in hydrogen chloride, while emitting a colorless gas. The liquid remains a colorless liquid, possibly still having a low pH from the unused acid. The colorless gas collected in a test tube gives a popping sound when ignited with a burning wooden splint, so it is not air embedded in the zinc, nor dissolved in hydroelectric acid. Well although the zinc chloride is 12 grams and not 15 the gas that was released was 3 grams and as we all know 3 + 12 is 15 so that the mass was conserved The production of a new substance (most probably hydrogen) from the reaction of the two reactants. When a few drops of the liquid product are evaporated on a watch glass, a white residue is left. When a few drops of the liquid hydroelectric acid are evaporated on a watch glass, there is no residue. This proves that a new product (hydrogen gas), (white powder, zinc chloride) is produced instead of zinc being physically dissolved in hydroelectric acid. So, it is a chemical change.
Sodium Hydroxide + Copper Sulfate-Sodium hydroxide is a turbid solution and copper sulfate is in form of bright blue crystals. When their solutions are mixed with each other, a pale blue precipitate of basic copper hydroxide & a solution of neutral salt sodium sulfate will be formed. The sodium hydroxide and the copper sulfate combined make a total of 67 grams and the product is split because the sodium sulfate is 47 grams and the copper hydroxide is 20 grams but all together it is still 67 grams so you could say that the mass was conserved. The proof of the reaction is the appearance of pale blue precipitates of basic copper hydroxide & a solution of neutral salt sodium sulfate. So, it is physical change.
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How many carbon-carbon bonds does pyruvate have? How many carbon-carbon bonds does acetyl-CoA have?
Acetyl CoA contains one carbon carbon bond compared to Pyruvate's three
One glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis to produce two molecules of pyruvic acid with three carbons each.
Acetyl coenzyme A and carbon dioxide are produced by the acetylation and decarboxylation of each of these pyruvate molecules.
Acetyl CoA molecules therefore have two carbon atoms per unit.
Coenzyme A is an essential component of this process, which turns a NAD+ molecule into NADH and releases a carbon dioxide molecule.
The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex results in acetyl-CoA, a two-carbon acetyl unit ligated to the acyl-group carrier CoA.
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Which cells are haploid and which cells are diploid???
Organisms capable of sexual reproduction are diploid. Humans only have haploid cells in the egg and sperm.
What is reproduction?Reproduction is defined as the process by which new organisms (offspring) of the same sort are created. It contributes to evolution by generating variants through genetic recombination. The ecosystem's species diversity is aided by it.
Two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes are present in diploid cells. A haploid cell only has one complete pair of chromosomes and has half as many chromosomes (n) as a diploid cell.
Thus, organisms capable of sexual reproduction are diploid. Humans only have haploid cells in the egg and sperm.
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1. Which of the following is not part of an atom?
A. proton
B. electron
C. carbon dioxide
D. neutron
Explanation:
Ans: Carbon dioxide
The parts of an atom are;proton, neutron, electron.
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Match the words with the graph
Answer:
Explanation:
here is the complete cycle
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Bailey is on the tenth frame of her recent bowling competition and she needs to pick up the last pin for a spare and the first-place trophy. She rolls the 4-kg ball down the lane and it hits the 3.0-kg pin head on. The ball was moving at 9 m/s before the collision. The pin went flying forward at 12 m/s. Determine the post-collision velocity of the ball.
The post-collision velocity of the ball is 0.25m/s. The ball follows the law of conservation of momentum.
What is conservation of momentum?The law of conservation of momentum states that the amount of momentum remains constant. The momentum is neither created nor destroyed, but can only transform through the action of forces as described by Newton's laws of motion.
Initial Momentum = Final Momentum
m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
Here, the external force is zero, so this will follow the law of conservation of momentum of system.
The mass of ball (m₁) = 4kg and with initial speed (u₁)= 9m/s
mass of pin (m₂) = 3.0kg with zero initial speed
Now, let the final speed of ball = v₁ and final speed of pin (v₂) = 12m/s
Now, by applying momentum conservation
m₁u₁ + m₂ × 0 = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
4.0kg × 9.0m/s = 4.0kg × v₁ + 3.0kg × 12m/s
36.0kgm/s - 36.0kgm/s = 4.0 × v₁
So, final speed of ball (v₁) = 0.25m/s
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