RNA is a molecule with characteristics and a role similar to DNA, so RNA and DNA used together to create proteins by translation.
Translation is the major way that RNA makes proteins. RNA transmits genetic information that ribosomes interpret into a variety of proteins required for biological functions. The three primary RNA subtypes involved in protein synthesis are mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
The transfer RNA (t RNA) carries signals to code for a specific kind of protein through the message delivered by the messenger RNA (m RNA), at which point amino acid chains begin to assemble.
When three nucleotides join forces to create a certain kind of protein, a triplet codon is created.
Rna has a mechanism for transferring signals since it will provide instructions to tRNA, which will then begin synthesising a certain type of amino acid on the ribosomal unit.
Whereas DNA carries the information for building an organism's physical structures, RNA contains the instructions for how an organism works.
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q8. phylogenetic reconstruction can be obscured by homoplasy, rapid diversification, and introgression. for each of these complications, describe how researchers can identify them, and suggest a method to avoid the problem in order to create a robust phylogenetic tree.
Phylogenetic reconstruction can be obscured by homoplasy, rapid diversification, and introgression. These complications can make it difficult for researchers to accurately determine the evolutionary relationships between different species. However, there are ways to identify and avoid these problems in order to create a robust phylogenetic tree.
1. Homoplasy: Homoplasy occurs when two or more species have similar traits that are not due to common ancestry, but rather due to convergent evolution or parallel evolution. To identify homoplasy, researchers can use methods such as parsimony analysis or likelihood analysis.
These methods can help determine whether the similarity between traits is due to common ancestry or homoplasy. To avoid the problem of homoplasy, researchers can use multiple independent characters to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships.
2. Rapid diversification: Rapid diversification occurs when a group of species undergoes a burst of speciation events in a short period of time. This can make it difficult for researchers to accurately reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between these species.
To identify rapid diversification, researchers can use methods such as coalescent analysis or Bayesian analysis. These methods can help determine the likelihood of different phylogenetic relationships between species. To avoid the problem of rapid diversification, researchers can use multiple independent characters and incorporate fossil evidence to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships.
3. Introgression: Introgression occurs when two or more species hybridize and exchange genetic material. This can make it difficult for researchers to accurately reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between these species. To identify introgression, researchers can use methods such as genetic analysis or phylogenetic network analysis.
These methods can help determine the extent of gene flow between different species. To avoid the problem of introgression, researchers can use multiple independent characters and incorporate fossil evidence to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships.
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3. The Sun strikes the Earth the most at the Equator and the least at the poles. This causes warm air to_____ from the equator and cold air to____ at the poles.
a. stay, leave
b. leave, stay
c. rise, sink
d. sink, rise
The Sun strikes the Earth the most at the Equator and the least at the poles. This causes warm air to rise from the equator and cold air to sink at the poles. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) rise, sink .
How earth rotates ?
The Earth rotates on its axis, an imaginary line that runs through the North and South Poles, once every 24 hours. This rotation gives rise to day and night and causes the stars, sun, and moon to appear to move across the sky. The Earth's rotation is caused by the initial angular momentum it received from the big bang and the conservation of angular momentum as it continues to rotate.
The direction of rotation is from west to east, which is known as prograde rotation. The speed of rotation is fastest at the equator and slower at the poles due to the Earth's shape and composition. The Earth's rotation plays a significant role in regulating the planet's climate and weather patterns, as well as influencing the behavior of ocean currents and other natural phenomena.
The Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, completing one revolution in 365.24 days, which is one year. This revolution is caused by the gravitational attraction between the Sun and Earth. As the Earth orbits the Sun, it also rotates on its axis, causing day and night. The changing distance between the Earth and Sun throughout the year affects the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth, which in turn influences the planet's climate and weather patterns.
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In order for an ovule (egg cell) in a flower to be fertilized and form a viable seed, pollination must occur. In this process, a sperm cell is delivered to the ovule when the pollen grain lands on the stigma and grows a tube, which enters the ovary and discharges the sperm cell to form a diploid zygote when it fuses with the egg cell. Although it only takes one pollen grain to successfully deliver sperm to the egg, numerous pollen grains are generally transferred to the stigma during insect pollination of flowering plants. Which phenotypic traits of pollen would you predict to be selected upon to promote survival and fitness within an insect-pollinated flowering plant?
The phenotypic traits of pollen that would likely be selected to promote survival and fitness within an insect-pollinated flowering plant include characteristics that make the pollen more attractive to the insects that will transfer it from one plant to another.
This may include traits such as size, shape, color, scent, and sugar content. For example, larger pollen grains may be easier for insects to collect and transfer, while a particular color or scent may be more attractive to a certain species of insect pollinator.
Additionally, pollen with a higher sugar content may be more attractive to insects as a food source, potentially increasing the likelihood of successful pollination. Overall, the traits that are selected will likely depend on the specific insects that are the primary pollinators for the plant species in question.
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The graph on the left shows how land usage changes in a region as a human population grows. The graph on the right shows biodiversity in the region at the same time.
Which statement is supported by the evidence in the graphs?
A.
As croplands decrease, biodiversity decreases.
B.
As the amount of grassland decreases, biodiversity declines.
C.
An increase in the amount of forest results in declining biodiversity.
D.
An increase in the industrial use of land results in increased biodiversity.
Answer:
Explanation:B. As the amount of grassland decreases, biodiversity declines.
This statement is supported by the evidence in the graphs. As the human population grows, more land is converted from grassland to cropland, urban areas, and other uses. As the graph on the right shows, biodiversity declines as the amount of grassland decreases. This is likely because grasslands are home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, many of which cannot survive in other types of environments. The loss of grassland habitat can have a significant impact on biodiversity, particularly for species that are specialized to this type of ecosystem.
The statement that is supported by the evidence in the graphs is that as the amount of grassland decreases, biodiversity declines. That is option B, as biodiversity is currently under threat from a range of human activities, such as habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, overfishing, and hunting.
What is biodiversity?Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, found in an ecosystem or on Earth. It encompasses the genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity of the planet and is a measure of the richness and complexity of life on Earth. Biodiversity is important for maintaining the ecological balance of the planet and for supporting the many ecosystem services that benefit human societies, such as air and water purification, soil formation, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation.
Hence, the statement that is supported by the evidence in the graphs is that as the amount of grassland decreases, biodiversity declines. That is option B.
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Please help asap
What was the major group of organisms that evolved around the same time as Oligochaetes?
Many varieties of aquatic and terrestrial worms make up the phylum Annelida, which includes the subclass of creatures known as Oligochaeta.
What annelid group has the most species of polychaetes and oligochaetes, and how big is the population in reality?More than 6,000 different species of polychaetes have been identified, with free-moving and tube-dwelling types making up about equal numbers. There are roughly 3,250 recognised species of oligochaetes.
What are a couple of oligochaete examples?Oligochaetes are a group of worms that include terrestrial megadrile earthworms (some of which are semiaquatic or fully aquatic), as well as freshwater or semiterrestrial microdrile forms like the tubificids, pot worms, and ice worms (Enchytraeidae), blackworms (Lumbriculidae), and a number of interstitial marine worms.
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10.
Soil, water, forests, oil, iron, and coal are all examples of
scarce resources
capital resources
human resources
natural resources
Answer:
Natural resources
Explanation:
Particles in a medium through which a sound wave is traveling _____.
move in a circular motion
move back and forth
move up and down
move randomly
Answer: so it move randomly
A mechanical wave that can be heard as it moves through a medium, such as air, and temporarily displaces the particles of the medium either by rarefaction or compression. reflection The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.
Explanation:
What is a wave made of changing electric and magnetic fields that carries energy through matter or through empty space?
A wave made of changing electric and magnetic fields that carries energy through matter or through empty space; transverse; example: light.
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Omi stood outside her house and made two observations of the Moon that were several days apart. Her observations are shown in the diagram above. The light part of the Moon appeared to get larger over time. Why did this happen?
Responses
a
Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon moved so that Omi was able to see more of the half that faces the sun.
Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon moved so that Omi was able to see more of the half that faces the sun.
b
Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon moved closer to the sun so more sunlight reached the Moon’s surface.
Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon moved closer to the sun so more sunlight reached the Moon’s surface.
c
Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon rotated so that more of the light-colored rock on the Moon’s surface faced Earth.
Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon rotated so that more of the light-colored rock on the Moon’s surface faced Earth.
d
Between the first observation and the second observation, Earth moved so its shadow was blocking less of the Moon so Omi was able to see more of it.
Between the first observation and the second observation, Earth moved so its shadow was blocking less of the Moon so Omi was able to see more of it.
Answer:
The reason why the light part of the moon appeared to get larger over time is that between the first observation and the second observation, the moon moved so that Tania was able to see not of the half that faces the sun.
It should be noted that from the observation that Tania made, the light part of the moon appeared to get larger over time.
The reason for the above want due to rotation but rather because the moon moved so she was able to see not of the half that faces the sun.
Explanation:
How is churning method useful? Explain.
Answer: Churning physically agitates the cream until it ruptures the fragile membranes surrounding the milk fat. Once broken, the fat droplets can join with each other and form clumps of fat, or butter grains.
Explanation: It physically agitates the cream until it ruptures the fragile membranes surrounding the milk fat. Once broken, the fat droplets can join with each other and form clumps of fat, or butter grains.
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We often see soccer players suffering from muscle crime during the game. As a science student how would you explain this process to your friends
Answer: The a
Explanation:
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what is the order for the sexual life cycle for zygomycetes ? group of answer choices plasmogamy, meiosis and germination, karyogamy, germination meiosis and germination, plasmogamy, karyogamy, germination karyogamy, germination , meiosis and germination, plasmogamy germination , meiosis and germination, plasmogamy, karyogamy germination, plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis and germination
1. Plasmogamy
2. Karyogamy
3. Meiosis and germination
Therefore, the correct option is:
E. Plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis and germination.
4. Solve this dihybrid Punnett square problem. In Pea Plants T is the allele for the dominant, tall characteristic; t is the allele for
the recessive, short characteristic. Y is the allele for the dominant, yellow color characteristic; y is the allele for the recessive,
green color characteristic. Cross two pea plants that are heterozygous for
both height and seed color. Determine the genotypes of the offspring.
Calculate the phenotypic ratio of the offspring.
How many will be tall and yellow?
How many will be tall and green?
How many will be short and yellow?
How many will be short and green?
A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of two phenotypes that demonstrates how frequently the occurrence of one trait corresponds with another.
Which allele for tall pea plants is dominant?As the yellow seeds are dominant to green, the allele for yellow seeds should be indicated with upper case letter while the one for green seeds should be written in lower case letter. Assume that Y is the allele for yellow seeds and y is the allele for green seeds.
The genotype of the heterozygous yellow-seeded plant will thus be "Yy," whereas the genotype of the green-seeded plant will be "yy" (as the recessive allele is expressed only in homozygous conditions). The cross between heterozygous yellow seeded plant and green seeded plant will produce 50% yellow seeded plants and 50% green seeded plants.
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's father keeps bees, and lan spends time observing their behavior. He is especially interested in the bee communication and has even seen the
waggle dance. The waggle dance communicates the location of food to other bees in the hive. All honeybees know the waggle dance from birth.
The waggle dance is an example of a(n)
behavior, because bees can perform it correctly the first time. Bees exhibit
when worker bees provide food and protection for the hive's young.
the gaps are words that I have too fill in.
Because bees can do the waggle dance correctly the first time, without prior learning or experience, it is an example of an intrinsic behavior. When worker bees provide the young of the hive food and protection, bees are being altruistic.
Is the honey bee's Waggle dance an illustration of communication?The only known bee genus that uses nest-based communication, or "dance language," to alert nestmates of the location of resources is the honey bee (Apis sp.).
What the waggle dance refers to How do honey bees behave?Through waggle dancing, a worker honeybee alerts her fellow bees to the position, nature, and characteristics of a nectar-rich flower patch. Honeybees also engage in two more dancing forms. When nectar supplies are abundant, a worker performs the "shake" dance.
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explain why you have trouble seeing colors as clearly at night as you do during the day
Cones and rods are both gentle. The rods let us see in extremely low light but do not allow the detection of light, whereas the discs allow us see tint but do not work in low light. Cones lose their capacity to react to light when it turns dark.
Why is nighttime colour vision so challenging?Cones & rods are both light-sensitive. The rods let us to see in extremely low light but do not permit the detection of colour, whereas the cones provide us to see colour but do not function in low light. Cones lose their capacity to react to light as it gets dark.
Why am I unable to see properly at night?Nyctalopia, often known as night blindness, is the inability to go see well at nighttime or in dimly lit environments like a restaurant or theatre. It is frequently linked to a difficulty to swiftly adjust from a brightly light to a dimly lit area.
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A population of ground-dwelling animals is able to survive on food that is available on the forest floor but receives the best nutrition from fruit found in the canopy of trees. What adaptations will most likely become more common in the population if the availability of the food on the forest floor decreases? What processes would allow these adaptations to take place?
The adaptations of the ground-dwelling animals against limited foods would include longer limbs, stronger grip, and improved agility.
Adaptation against limited foodIf the availability of food on the forest floor decreases, it is likely that adaptations for climbing trees or reaching the canopy will become more common in the population. This could include adaptations such as:
longer limbsstronger gripimproved agility.Over time, individuals with these traits will be more successful in obtaining the fruit they need for better nutrition, and they will pass these traits to their offspring.
The process that allows these adaptations to occur is natural selection, which is the mechanism of evolution that results from the differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population.
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Besides storage, what does a vacuole provide in a plant cell?
Answer:
Help Maintain water balance.
Explanation:
The plant vacuole can store minerals, water, etc. But also, the plant vacuole can regulate water balance.
What term is the practice of using another scientist’s research without giving proper credit? A. bias B. liability C. plagiarism D. empiricism
C. plagiarism is the practice of using another scientist’s research without giving proper credit. It involves presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, without providing appropriate attribution or citation.
What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is the act of presenting someone else's work, ideas, or words as one's own without proper attribution or permission. It can involve copying text, data, images, or other creative works without permission or without citing the original source. Plagiarism is considered unethical in academic and scientific research, as it undermines the integrity of the scholarly process and violates the norms of intellectual honesty and academic integrity.
In scientific research, plagiarism can take many forms, including using another researcher's ideas or methods without giving proper credit, copying text directly from a source without quotation marks or citation, or self-plagiarism, which involves reusing one's own previously published work without proper attribution. Plagiarism can lead to serious consequences, including damage to one's reputation, rejection of a manuscript or grant proposal, or even legal action.
Plagiarism is considered unethical in scientific research, as it undermines the integrity of the scientific process by failing to acknowledge the contributions of other researchers and by potentially misrepresenting the state of knowledge in a particular field.
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what would u find in a human muscle cell?
what is a polypeptide? which monomers compose a polypeptide.
Answer:
A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule. The monomers that join to form polypeptides are amino acids.
I am a unicellular eukaryote, and I am an autotroph. What kingdom do I belong in?
Explanation:
As a unicellular eukaryote and an autotroph, you most likely belong to the Kingdom Protista. The Protista kingdom is a diverse group of organisms that includes unicellular eukaryotes, such as algae and protozoa, that can be either autotrophs or heterotrophs. Some examples of autotrophic protists include diatoms and green algae.
what are the three distinguishable regions of the body of a mollusk? group of answer choices muscular foot centrally concentrated visceral mass periostracum fleshy mantle
The three distinguishable regions of the body of a mollusk are the muscular foot, the centrally concentrated visceral mass, and the fleshy mantle.
Mollusks are soft-bodied animals with hard shell that is often visible. Their bodies are bilaterally symmetrical, which means that their left and right sides are identical. Mollusks come in a variety of shapes and sizes and can be found in a variety of environments. Mollusks are an extremely diverse group of animals, including clams, snails, and squids.
The three distinguishable regions of the body of a mollusk are:
Muscular foot: This is the part of the mollusk's body used for movement, which is located at the base of the animal.
Centrally concentrated visceral mass: This is part of the mollusk's body that contains internal organs, such as the heart, digestive system, and reproductive system.
Fleshy mantle: This is a fold of tissue that covers the visceral mass and is responsible for the production of the mollusk's shell. In some mollusks, the mantle also has other functions, such as respiration or the secretion of mucus for locomotion.
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Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch
the somatic cells of a particular plant each contain a total of 46 chromosomes. how do the chromosomes of this plant differ from the chromosomes of humans, who also have a total of 46
The chromosomes of the plant and humans may differ in their structure, size, and genetic content.
While both the plant and human cells have a total of 46 chromosomes, the specific chromosomes and their genetic information vary between species. In humans, the 46 chromosomes consist of 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males). These chromosomes carry the genetic information that determines various traits and characteristics. In contrast, plant species may have a different arrangement of chromosomes, with variations in the number and structure of the chromosomes.
Therefore, it is important to note that the specific differences in chromosome composition and genetic information can vary significantly between different plant species and humans.
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How do short generation times for bacteria and viruses cause natural selection to act quickly?
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If one detected blood in the urine; you would conclude that
Answer:
Blood in urine that can be seen with the eye may be a sign of advanced kidney, bladder or prostate cancer.
Answer:
advanced kidney, bladder or prostate cancer
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP I HAVE BEEN TRYING TO FIGURE THIS OUT A certain plant can have two flower color options: yellow or orange. A geneticist is looking to create a true-breeding yellow folowered plant. When he self pollinates the plant he believes to be true-breeding it results in 50% yellow folwered offspring and 50% orange flowered offspring. Do these results support or refute his belief that his plant is true breeding? Why or why not?
What is heterozygous and homozygous????
Answer:
Homozygous and heterozygous are terms that are used to describe allele pairs. Individuals carrying two identical alleles (RR or rr) are known as homozygous. While individual organisms bearing different alleles (Rr) are known as heterozygous.
What are cycles and conservation
Answer:As energy moves through an ecosystem, it changes form, but no new energy is created. Similarly, as matter cycles within an ecosystem, atoms are rearranged into various molecules, but no new matter is created. So, during all ecosystem processes, energy and matter are conserved.
Explanation:
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The correct option is C; The population reached carrying capacity and stabilized .
What happens if a population reaches carrying capacity?If a species' population surpasses its carrying capacity, the ecosystem may become unfit for survival. If the population outnumbers the carrying capacity for an extended length of time, resources may be destroyed totally. If all resources are depleted, populations may perish.
Biologists frequently use graphs to demonstrate population growth patterns. An "s" shaped graph shows that the population has reached its carrying capacity. In this logistic (S-curve) model, population growth is proportional to population size but also to available resources. Limited resources cause competition and poorer growth rates at increasing population densities. Ultimately, the population stabilizes and the growth rate falls to zero.
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while they look very different, the eastern lowland gorilla and madame berthe's mouse lemur both share primate traits. what are two traits they have in common?
The two traits that the Eastern lowland gorilla and Madame Berthe's mouse lemur share are: highly advanced cognitive abilities and a social structure.
The trait that the Eastern Lowland gorilla and Madame Berthe's mouse lemur have in common is that both are primates. They are both animals in the order of Primates, which includes humans. The first trait is that these animals belonging to the primate group are distinguished by their highly advanced cognitive and sensory abilities.
The animals in this group are all quadrupeds, which means they walk on four legs. The second trait the Eastern lowland gorilla and Madame Berthe's mouse lemur have in common is that both are social animals. These animals have a highly social structure that is maintained through communication, the sharing of resources, and the protection of the group's members.
They share a range of physical and behavioral characteristics, such as intelligence and complex social systems, that enable them to live in complex societies. Besides these traits, the Eastern Lowland gorilla and Madame Berthe's mouse lemur are very different. The Eastern lowland gorilla is a very large primate that lives in the dense tropical rainforests of Central Africa.
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur is a small, nocturnal primate that lives in the dry forests of Madagascar.
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