ricky is allocating his budget in the way that maximizes total utility. how does ricky use the marginal utility per dollar for each good to maximize his total utility?
A. equal for expensive goods B. equal for all goods C. maximized for essential goods D. maximized for all goods

Answers

Answer 1

Ricky uses the concept of marginal utility per dollar to allocate his budget in a way that maximizes total utility. Marginal utility per dollar is the ratio of the marginal utility of a good to its price.

It represents the additional utility received per dollar spent on a good.To maximize his total utility, Ricky should allocate his budget in a way that equalizes the marginal utility per dollar for each good he consumes. This means that he should continue to allocate his budget across goods until the marginal utility per dollar for each good is equal.When the marginal utility per dollar is not equal across all goods, Ricky can increase his total utility by reallocating his budget across goods until the marginal utility per dollar is equal. If the marginal utility per dollar of a good is higher than the marginal utility per dollar of another good, Ricky should reallocate his budget to increase his consumption of the good with the higher marginal utility per dollar. This will increase his total utility until the marginal utility per dollar is equal for all goods.Therefore, option B, equal for all goods, is the correct answer. Ricky will maximize his total utility by allocating his budget in a way that b the marginal utility per dollar for each good.

Learn more about utility here

https://brainly.com/question/24922430

#SPJ11

Answer 2

Ricky should aim to make the marginal utility per dollar equal for expensive goods.

The correct answer is option a.

Ricky is allocating his budget in a way that maximizes his total utility. In order to do this, he needs to use the concept of marginal utility per dollar for each good. Marginal utility per dollar is the additional satisfaction a consumer derives from spending an additional dollar on a particular good or service.

To maximize his total utility, Ricky should allocate his budget in such a way that the marginal utility per dollar is equal across all goods. This means that he should spend his money on goods that provide the most additional satisfaction per dollar spent. If he spends more money on goods that provide less additional satisfaction per dollar, he will not be maximizing his total utility.

By doing so, he will ensure that he is getting the most out of his budget and maximizing his total utility. This strategy will help him make the most efficient use of his resources and derive the most satisfaction from his purchases.

Therefore, the correct answer is option a.

For more such questions on, marginal utility :

https://brainly.com/question/29035165

#SPJ11


Related Questions

Determine which statements are true and which are false regarding the Phillips Curve: a) it is possible to have high inflation and high unemployment; b) the multiplier tells the relation between inflation and unemployment; c) MPC determines the slope of the Phillips Curve; d) MPS determines the slope of the Phillips Curve; e) the Phillips Curve predicts that inflation and unemployment will be at their lowest levels when we are at potential GDP; f) the same Phillips that discovered the curve invented the Phillips head screwdriver; g) the Phillips Curve is a pitch invented by Brandon Phillips; h) the Phillips Curve is constant over time; i) the Phillips Curve shows the short run relationship between inflation and unemployment.

Answers

Answer:

Here are the true and false statements regarding the Phillips Curve:

- a) True

- b) False

- c) False

- d) True

- e) False

- f) False

- g) False

- h) False

- i) True

Explanation:

a) It is true that high inflation and high unemployment can occur at the same time, contradicting the traditional relationship captured by the Phillips Curve. b) This statement is false. The multiplier shows the effect of changes in spending or investment on the economy, but not the relation between inflation and unemployment. c) This statement is false. The MPC (marginal propensity to consume) is a term used in Keynesian economics to express how an increase in income leads to an increase in consumption spending, but it does not determine the slope of the Phillips Curve. d) This statement is true. The MPS (marginal propensity to save) determines the slope of the Phillips Curve, as it captures the relationship between inflation and labor supply. A higher MPS results in a flatter Phillips Curve, while a lower MPS results in a steeper one. e) This statement is false. The Phillips Curve does not predict the lowest levels of inflation and unemployment at potential GDP, but rather shows a trade-off between them in the short run. f) This statement is false. The Phillips Curve is named after A.W. Phillips, an economist who first observed the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment in the UK in 1958. g) This statement is false. The Phillips Curve is not a pitch, but rather a graphical representation of the relationship between inflation and unemployment. h) This statement is false. The Phillips Curve is not constant over time, as factors such as changes in expectations, technology, or monetary policy can affect the trade-off between inflation and unemployment. i) This statement is true. The Phillips Curve shows the short run relationship between inflation and unemployment, where a decrease in unemployment is associated with an increase in inflation, and vice versa.

true or false firms in the same industry will have the same inventory turns.

Answers

False, firms in the same industry may have different inventory turns due to various factors such as differences in production efficiency, sales volume, and supply chain management.

Inventory turns, also known as inventory turnover, is a financial ratio that measures the number of times a company sells and replaces its inventory within a certain period. A high inventory turnover ratio indicates that a company is selling its inventory quickly and efficiently.

In the same industry, two firms may have different inventory turnover ratios due to differences in their production processes. For example, a company that uses a just-in-time inventory system may have a higher inventory turnover ratio than a company that uses a traditional inventory management system.

Supply chain management can also affect inventory turns. For example, a company that has strong relationships with its suppliers and can quickly restock its inventory may have a higher inventory turnover ratio than a company that experiences frequent supply chain disruptions.

Therefore, firms in the same industry may have different inventory turns due to various factors that impact their production efficiency, sales volume, and supply chain management.

To know more aboutfirms refer here

https://brainly.com/question/29482295#

#SPJ11

Job enrichment involves changing Finish at Select one: O a. The jobs title O b. The jobs pay structure O c. One or more of the job's characteristics O d. The scope of responsibility of the job

Answers

Job enrichment involves changing one or more of the job's characteristics.

To elaborate, job enrichment aims to enhance employee satisfaction and motivation by providing more challenging and fulfilling tasks, increased responsibility, and opportunities for growth and development.

This is done by altering various aspects of the job, such as task variety, autonomy, and feedback, which ultimately lead to a more engaged and satisfied workforce.

Some common job enrichment strategies include job rotation, where employees rotate through different roles, and task significance, where employees are given tasks with a direct impact on the organization's success.

By enriching a job's characteristics, employers can improve employee performance and job satisfaction, leading to increased productivity and reduced turnover.

To know more about job satisfaction click on below link:

https://brainly.com/question/28580172#

#SPJ11

Strong sustainability guarantees that there will always be an adequate flow of the resource in question.A)TrueB) FalseC) Depends on how the user cost is reinvestedD) Depends on what is meant by "adequate flow

Answers

D) Depends on what is meant by "adequate flow".

Strong sustainability is a concept that asserts that natural resources should be used in a way that maintains their availability for future generations. It emphasizes the need to preserve the natural resource base and the ecosystem services that they provide. However, the definition of "adequate flow" can vary depending on the context.
For example, in the case of renewable resources like water or wind energy, strong sustainability may mean ensuring that these resources are replenished at a rate that is equal to or greater than their use. In this context, an adequate flow would mean that the resource is available in sufficient quantities to meet the current and future needs.
On the other hand, in the case of non-renewable resources like fossil fuels, strong sustainability may require that these resources are used in a way that ensures that their benefits are not depleted over time. In this context, an adequate flow would mean that the resource is used in a way that balances the benefits of its use with the need to preserve it for future generations.
Therefore, the answer to whether strong sustainability guarantees an adequate flow of resources depends on what is meant by "adequate flow" in a specific context.

To know more about sustainability visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29770722

#SPJ11

true/false. a mixed cost has both selling and administrative cost elements.

Answers

The given statement, a mixed cost has both selling and administrative cost elements is true because A mixed cost is a combination of fixed and variable costs.

It is a type of cost that cannot be easily classified as either a fixed or variable cost. Mixed costs include both fixed and variable elements, and represent a combination of the two. For example, a company may have a fixed cost for rent, and a variable cost for utilities. As the company increases production and sales, the variable cost will increase, while the fixed cost will remain the same.

A mixed cost is also referred to as a semi-variable cost. It is important for a company to understand the cost structure of its mixed costs so that it can properly allocate and budget funds. By understanding the fixed and variable elements, a company can better anticipate the cost of doing business, and make informed decisions regarding production, sales, and marketing.

know more about mixed cost here

https://brainly.com/question/23877958#

#SPJ11

Steve and Emma live in Portland. Steve's net present value of lifetime earnings in Seattle is $125,000, while Emma's is $500,000. The cost of moving to Chicago is $25,000 per person. In Chicago, Steve's net present value of lifetime earnings would be $155,000, while Emma's would be $510,000. If Steve and Emma choose where to live based on their joint well-being, will they move to Chicago? Is Steve a tied- mover or a tied-stayer or neither? Is Emma a tied-mover or a tied-stayer or neither?

Answers

Steve is a tied mover and Emma is also a tied mover

To determine whether Steve and Emma will move to Chicago, we need to calculate their joint well-being in Portland and in Chicago.

In Portland, their joint well-being is the sum of their net present values of lifetime earnings:

Steve's NPV + Emma's NPV = $125,000 + $500,000 = $625,000

In Chicago, their joint well-being is:

Steve's NPV + Emma's NPV = $155,000 + $510,000 = $665,000

Therefore, their joint well-being would be higher in Chicago than in Portland, by $40,000.

The cost of moving to Chicago is $25,000 per person, so the total cost for Steve and Emma would be $50,000.

To determine whether they will move, we need to compare the increase in joint well-being with the cost of moving.

The increase in joint well-being is $40,000, while the cost of moving is $50,000. Therefore, it is not financially rational for Steve and Emma to move to Chicago.

Steve is a tied-stayer because his net present value of lifetime earnings is higher in Portland than in Chicago, and he is therefore tied to his current location.

Emma is a tied-mover because her net present value of lifetime earnings is higher in both Portland and Chicago, but the difference is not large enough to justify the cost of moving.

To know more about joint well-being refer here

https://brainly.com/question/6995123#

#SPJ11

john moved his office from a building he was renting downtown to the carriage house he owns behind his house. how will his profit change?a. explicit and implicit costs rise b. explicit and implicit costs fall c. explicit costs rise; implicit costs fall d. explicit costs fall; implicit costs rise e. not enough information is given

Answers

When John moves his office from a building he was renting downtown to the carriage house he owns behind his house, his explicit costs fall; implicit costs rise. Option d is correct.

The profit change for John will depend on the differences in explicit and implicit costs. Explicit costs are direct, out-of-pocket expenses, such as rent, utilities, and maintenance. Implicit costs represent the opportunity costs associated with using resources in one way rather than their next best alternative use.

When John moves his office to the carriage house, his explicit costs are likely to fall because he no longer has to pay rent for the downtown office. He may also experience reduced utility and maintenance expenses. However, the implicit costs may rise as John now has to forgo the potential income he could have earned by renting out the carriage house to someone else or using it for another purpose.

Based on this information, the answer is (d) explicit costs fall; implicit costs rise. However, it is important to note that the overall impact on John's profit will depend on the specific costs and benefits associated with each option, which is not provided in the question.

To learn more about explicit costs, visit: https://brainly.com/question/24228515

#SPJ11

True/False: a firm with market power will find that the quantity of output that maximizes revenue is lower than the quantity at which profits are maximized.

Answers

True.

A firm with market power has the ability to influence the price of its product or service. This means that it can charge a higher price than it would in a perfectly competitive market. However, as the firm increases its price, the quantity demanded decreases. Therefore, the firm must balance the higher price with the lower quantity demanded in order to maximize its revenue.

At some point, the firm will find that further increases in price result in a decrease in total revenue. This is because the decrease in quantity demanded outweighs the increase in price. The quantity of output that maximizes revenue occurs where the marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

On the other hand, the quantity of output that maximizes profits occurs where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and marginal cost is rising. This means that the firm is producing at a point where the cost of producing an additional unit is increasing. Therefore, the firm will produce a lower quantity of output at a higher price to maximize profits.

Know more about "marginal revenue".

https://brainly.com/question/30236294

#SPJ11

(10 points) the personal disposable income per head went up by $10,000 per annum (at 1995 prices) if all else held constant. you can use both elasticity and market equilibria comparisons to solve.

Answers

If personal disposable income per head increases by $10,000 per annum, we can expect a shift in the demand curve for normal goods, leading to an increase in the equilibrium price and quantity.

Using elasticity, we can calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded for normal goods given a change in income. The income elasticity of demand for normal goods is positive, which means that as income increases, so does the demand for normal goods. The magnitude of the elasticity determines the degree of responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in income. Assuming that the income elasticity of demand for normal goods is 0.5, the increase in income by $10,000 would lead to an increase in quantity demanded by 5,000 units.
In market equilibrium, the increase in personal disposable income would lead to an increase in demand for goods and services, leading to an increase in equilibrium price and quantity. The supply curve for goods and services would remain the same, given that the increase in income is not accompanied by an increase in production. Therefore, the increase in demand would lead to a higher equilibrium price, with the increase in quantity being determined by the intersection of the new demand and supply curves.
In summary, the increase in personal disposable income by $10,000 per annum would lead to an increase in demand for normal goods, resulting in an increase in equilibrium price and quantity. The magnitude of the increase in quantity would be determined by the income elasticity of demand for normal goods. In market equilibrium, the increase in demand would lead to an increase in equilibrium price, with the increase in quantity being determined by the intersection of the new demand and supply curves. We can see that the increase in personal disposable income can have significant effects on the market equilibrium and elasticity of demand.

To know more about equilibria visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29313546

#SPJ11

assuming a perfectly competitive market, with the cost function c = 2q2 and price = $75 what is the firm’s revenue at the profit maximizing quantity?

Answers

The firm's revenue at the profit maximizing quantity can be calculated using the formula R(q) = q(p - c(q)).

In a perfectly competitive market, firms are price takers and aim to maximize their profits by producing the quantity at which marginal cost equals price. In this case, the cost function is c = 2q2 and the price is $75. To find the profit maximizing quantity, we need to set marginal cost equal to price, which gives us 4q = 75 or q = 18.75.
Now, we can use the revenue formula to calculate the firm's revenue at the profit maximizing quantity:
R(q) = q(p - c(q))
R(18.75) = 18.75(75 - 2(18.75)2)
R(18.75) = 18.75(75 - 704.6875)
R(18.75) = 18.75(70.3125)
R(18.75) = $1314.84
Therefore, the firm's revenue at the profit maximizing quantity of 18.75 units is $1314.84.

To understand how the firm's revenue is calculated at the profit maximizing quantity, we first need to understand the concept of profit maximization in a perfectly competitive market. In such a market, firms are price takers, which means they cannot influence the market price and have to accept it as given. The objective of a firm in such a market is to maximize its profits, which is the difference between its total revenue and total cost. To find the profit maximizing quantity, firms need to produce the quantity at which marginal cost equals price. This is because if a firm produces a quantity at which its marginal cost is less than the market price, it can increase its profits by producing more units. On the other hand, if a firm produces a quantity at which its marginal cost is greater than the market price, it can decrease its losses by producing fewer units. In this case, the cost function is c = 2q2 and the market price is $75. To find the profit maximizing quantity, we need to set marginal cost equal to price, which gives us 4q = 75 or q = 18.75. This means that the firm should produce 18.75 units of output to maximize its profits.
Now, to calculate the firm's revenue at the profit maximizing quantity, we can use the revenue formula:
R(q) = q(p - c(q))
Where R(q) is the revenue at quantity q, p is the market price, and c(q) is the total cost at quantity q. In this case, we know that p = $75 and c(q) = 2q2, so we can substitute these values into the formula and simplify:
R(q) = q(p - c(q))
R(18.75) = 18.75(75 - 2(18.75)2)
R(18.75) = 18.75(75 - 704.6875)
R(18.75) = 18.75(70.3125)
R(18.75) = $1314.84
Therefore, the firm's revenue at the profit maximizing quantity of 18.75 units is $1314.84. This means that if the firm produces any other quantity, its revenue will be less than $1314.84.

To know more about revenue visit:

https://brainly.com/question/14293132

#SPJ11

what might happen to industrialized food production if prices rose sharply? how might this affect your life? how might it affect the next generation?list two ways you deal with these changes

Answers

If prices of industrialized food production rose sharply, it is likely that consumers would shift towards alternative food sources such as local or organic produce, which may not be as affected by price increases.

This could result in a reduction in demand for industrialized food production, which may impact the profitability and sustainability of this industry.

If this were to happen, it could affect individuals in various ways depending on their socioeconomic status and access to alternative food sources. Those with limited resources may have difficulty affording food, and may experience food insecurity or malnutrition. This could have negative impacts on their health and well-being.

For the next generation, the impacts could be even more significant, as their food choices and habits could be shaped by the availability and affordability of different types of food.

Additionally, the environmental impacts of industrialized food production could have long-term consequences for future generations, particularly in terms of climate change and resource depletion.

Two ways to deal with these changes could be to:

Seek out alternative food sources such as local or organic produce, or start a garden to grow your own food. This can help reduce reliance on industrialized food production and support more sustainable and environmentally friendly food systems.

Educate yourself and others about the impacts of industrialized food production, and advocate for policies and practices that promote healthier and more sustainable food systems. This could include supporting local farmers, reducing food waste, and promoting plant-based diets.

To know more about food production refer to-

https://brainly.com/question/29439869

#SPJ11

Compare Reread lines 16-20 "Fatal Car Crashes Drop for 16-year-Olds,Rise For Older Teens. " According to Allison Aubrey, what is one interpretation for the fact that there's been an increase in fatal car crashes among 18- year-olds? How does this interpretation conflict with the quotation in lines 133-135 of "is 16 too young to drive a car

Answers

Allison Aubrey provides an interpretation for the increase in fatal car crashes among 18-year-olds.

According to her, the decrease in the number of fatal car crashes among 16-year-olds is due to the improved restrictions and stricter laws put in place by states, while the increase in the number of fatal car crashes among 18-year-olds is because they aren't covered by the same laws.According to the text, "Fatal Car Crashes Drop for 16-year-Olds, Rise for Older Teens," by Allison Aubrey, there has been a significant decrease in fatal car crashes among 16-year-olds, but there has also been a significant increase in fatal car crashes among 18-year-olds.

Aubrey implies that the decrease in the number of fatal car crashes among 16-year-olds is due to the improved restrictions and stricter laws put in place by states to help reduce accidents and improve safety.However, the interpretation of this fact contradicts the quotation in lines 133-135 of "Is 16 too young to drive a car?" The author of "Is 16 too young to drive a car?" states that 16-year-olds are too young to drive cars and that raising the driving age to 18 or 21 will help reduce the number of fatal car crashes among teens.

Meanwhile, Aubrey implies that 18-year-olds are involved in more fatal car crashes because they aren't covered by the same laws as 16-year-olds. Hence, this interpretation of the increase in fatal car crashes among 18-year-olds conflicts with the quotation in lines 133-135 of "Is 16 too young to drive a car?"

To learn more about car :

https://brainly.com/question/31448756

#SPJ11

After a housing bust that reduces exogenous investment,Keynesian countercyclical policy is A. Raise government spending B.Raise taxes C.Reduce government spending D.Both B and C E.None of the above

Answers

After a housing bust that reduces exogenous investment, Keynesian countercyclical policy would involve raising government spending so that the correct answer is option (A).

Keynesian economics focuses on stimulating demand to mitigate the negative effects of economic downturns. In the context of a housing bust that reduces exogenous investment, this would entail an increase in government spending to boost aggregate demand and stabilize the economy. By implementing expansionary fiscal policies, such as increased infrastructure projects or direct financial support to households, the government can help counter the negative effects of the housing bust and support economic recovery.

Raising taxes (Option B) or reducing government spending (Option C) would be contractionary fiscal policies, which are not appropriate during an economic downturn as they would reduce demand and further exacerbate the situation. Therefore, Options B, C, and D are not correct. In conclusion, the appropriate Keynesian countercyclical policy in this situation is to raise government spending (Option A).

Know more about Keynesian economics click here:

https://brainly.com/question/28190517

#SPJ11

Stambovsky, to his horror, discovered that the house he recently purchased was commonly known to be possessed by poltergeists. Ackley, the seller of the house, had widely publicized their presence in local media and on a walking tour of the Village of Nyak, New York, where the house was located. Ackley did not disclose this characteristic of the property in the sale.
Stambovsky believed that the potential "haunting" should have been disclosed and he sought to rescind the sale. Ackley refused and a law suit resulted.
Did the seller have a duty to disclose to the buyer the fact the house was haunted?
How should the court decide? What factors should be considered?

Answers

Stambovsky, it depends on the laws of the state where the sale occurred. In some states, sellers are required to disclose any known defects or material facts that could affect the value or desirability of the property.This could include issues such as a leaky roof, a faulty foundation, or in this case, a haunted house.

Assuming that the state where the sale occurred does require such disclosures, the court would need to determine whether the fact that the house was haunted qualified as a material fact. This would likely involve considering factors such as the severity of the haunting, whether it could be reasonably discovered by the buyer through a routine inspection, and whether it could affect the value or desirability of the property.

Additionally, the court may consider the seller's actions in relation to the haunting. In this case, Ackley had widely publicized the haunting, suggesting that she was aware of its existence and believed it could be a selling point for the property. This could be seen as an admission that the haunting was a material fact that should have been disclosed to the buyer. And would require careful consideration of the specific facts and laws involved.

To know more about Stambovsky visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/29304132

#SPJ11

how much would you have in 4 years if you purchased a $1,000 4-year savings certificate that paid 2ompounded quarterly? (round your answer to the nearest cent.)

Answers

If you purchased a $1,000 4-year savings certificate that paid 2% compounded quarterly, you would have approximately $1,083.80 in 4 years.

To calculate the amount you would have in 4 years if you purchased a $1,000 4-year savings certificate that paid 2% compounded quarterly. we need to use the compound interest formula: A = P(1 + r/n)^(n*t)
where A is the final amount, P is the principal (in this case, $1,000), r is the annual interest rate (2%), n is the number of times interest is compounded per year (4), and t is the time period (4 years).



Plugging in these values, we get:
A = 1000(1 + 0.02/4)^(4*4)
A = 1000(1 + 0.005)^16
A = 1000(1.005)^16
A = 1000(1.0838)
A = $1,083.80



Therefore, if you purchased a $1,000 4-year savings certificate that paid 2% compounded quarterly, you would have approximately $1,083.80 in 4 years.

To know more about compounded quarterly click here:

https://brainly.com/question/31514707

#SPJ11

Express the proposition as an English sentence and determine whether it is true or false, where p and q are the propositions p: 9.9=81" 4. "8.10< 7.11 The contrapositive of p9 O A. If 8.10 is not less than 7. 11, then 9.9 is not equal to 81, false OB. If 8.10 is less than 7. 11, then 9.9 is not equal to 81, false OC. If 8.10 is not less than 7. 11, then 9.9 is equal to 81, false OD. 18 8.10 is less than 7. 11, then 9.9 is equal to 81, false

Answers

The contrapositive of the proposition "9.9=81" 4. "8.10<7.11" is If 9.9 is not equal to 81, then 8.10 is not less than 7.11, which is true.

The contrapositive of a proposition is formed by negating both the hypothesis and the conclusion and reversing the order. In this case, the contrapositive of "9.9=81" 4. "8.10<7.11" is "If 9.9 is not equal to 81, then 8.10 is not less than 7.11." This proposition is true because if 9.9 is not equal to 81, then the first proposition is false, which means that 8.10 cannot be less than 7.11 since it is the second part of the proposition. Thus, the contrapositive proposition is true.

Learn more about propositions and logical arguments click here:

https://brainly.com/question/18545645

#SPJ11

Refer to the following distribution of ages: Ages Number 40 up to 50 10 50 up to 60 28 60 up to 70 12 For the distribution of ages above, what is the relative class frequency for the lowest class?

Answers

The relative class frequency for the lowest class "40 up to 50" in the given distribution of ages is 20%.

The relative class frequency is a measure of the proportion of data points that fall within a particular class or range, expressed as a fraction or percentage. To find the relative class frequency for the lowest class in the given distribution of ages, we need to calculate the class width and total number of observations.

The lowest class in the distribution is "40 up to 50," which has 10 observations. The class width is the difference between the upper and lower limits of the class, which is 50 - 40 = 10.

To calculate the total number of observations, we add up the number of observations in each class: 10 + 28 + 12 = 50.

Now we can calculate the relative class frequency for the lowest class by dividing the number of observations in the lowest class by the total number of observations and multiplying by 100 to get a percentage:

Relative class frequency for 40 up to 50 = (10/50) x 100% = 20%

Therefore, the relative class frequency for the lowest class is 20%. This means that 20% of the total observations fall within the age range of 40 up to 50.

To know more about frequency  click here

brainly.com/question/14926605

#SPJ11

the amount of revenue that is foregone from an alternative use of cash is called a.differential profit b.opportunity cost c.sunk cost d.differential revenue

Answers

Answer:

The amount of revenue foregone due to the investment in an alternative activity is called an opportunity cost.

Explanation:

Opportunity cost is referred to as the value of the next best alternative foregone.

To learn more about opportunity cost:

https://brainly.com/question/12121515?referrer=searchResults

Apple Corporation acquires 80 percent of Berty Corporation's common shares on January 1, 20×2 On January 2,20×2. Berry acquires 60 percent of Coco Corporation's common stock. Information on company book values on the date of purchase and operating restits for 20×2 is as follows: The fair values of the noncontiolling interests of Beriy and Coco at the dates of acquistion were $60,000 and $80,000, respectively. Required: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. 2. The amount of 20×2 income assigned to the noncontrolling interest of Coco Corporation is. Apple Corporation acquires 80 percent of Berry Corporation's common shares on January 1, 20X2. On January 2 . 20×2. Berry acquires 60 percent of Coco Corporation's common stock. Information on company book values on the date of purchase and operating results for 20×2 is as follows: The fair values of the noncontrolling interests of Berry and Coco at the dates of acquisition were $60,000 and $80,000. respectively Required: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. 3. The amount of 20×2 income assigned to the noncontroling interest of Berry Corporation is:

Answers

The amount of 20×2 income assigned to the noncontrolling interest of Berry Corporation is $20,000.

To calculate the amount of 20×2 income assigned to the noncontrolling interest of Berry Corporation, we need to use the equity method of accounting. Under this method, the parent company (Apple Corporation) recognizes its share of the subsidiary's (Berry Corporation) income or loss and the noncontrolling interest's share of the subsidiary's income or loss separately in the consolidated financial statements.
First, we need to calculate the consolidated net income for 20×2. Apple Corporation acquired 80% of Berry Corporation's common shares, which means it has a controlling interest in Berry. Therefore, we need to consolidate the financial statements of both companies.
Assuming that Berry's net income for 20×2 was $100,000 and Coco's net income for 20×2 was $50,000, the consolidated net income would be $195,000 ($100,000 + 80%*$50,000).
Next, we need to calculate the share of net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest of Berry Corporation. The noncontrolling interest represents the portion of Berry Corporation that Apple Corporation does not own (20%).
To calculate the noncontrolling interest's share of Berry's net income, we need to multiply the consolidated net income by the noncontrolling interest percentage:
Noncontrolling interest share of Berry's net income = 20% * $100,000 = $20,000
It's important to note that we also need to adjust the noncontrolling interest's share of the subsidiary's equity for any differences between the book value and fair value of the subsidiary's assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition. In this case, we know that the fair value of the noncontrolling interests of Berry and Coco at the dates of acquisition were $60,000 and $80,000, respectively. However, we do not have enough information to calculate the adjustments required.

Therefore, the amount of 20×2 income assigned to the noncontrolling interest of Berry Corporation is $20,000.

for more such question on noncontrolling interest

https://brainly.com/question/28273989

#SPJ11

which panel shows a competitive firm making positive economic profits? a) Panel A. b) Panel B. c) Panel C. d) Panel D.

Answers

The panel that shows a competitive firm making positive economic profits would be Panel C.

In order to answer this question, we need to understand the concept of economic profits and how it relates to the behavior of firms in a competitive market. Economic profits refer to the difference between total revenue and total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs. In a perfectly competitive market, firms are price takers and they have no market power. As such, they earn zero economic profits in the long run, since any positive profits would attract new entrants to the market, increasing supply and driving down prices.
This panel shows a situation where the marginal cost curve intersects the market price at a point where the average total cost (ATC) curve is below the price. This means that the firm is able to cover all its costs, including the opportunity cost of the resources it uses, and still make a profit. The area between the ATC curve and the price line represents the firm's economic profits.
It's important to note that this situation is not sustainable in the long run in a perfectly competitive market. Other firms will see the profits being made and enter the market, increasing supply and driving down prices. This will result in lower economic profits for all firms, until they reach zero in the long run. Thus, while a firm may make positive economic profits in the short run, it cannot do so indefinitely in a perfectly competitive market.

To know more about firm visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29840644

#SPJ11

According to the income statement, how has The Home Depot’s net earnings and basic earnings per share changed over the past three years?
Both net earnings and EPS increased.
Net earnings increased and EPS decreased.
Net earnings decreased and EPS increased.
Both net earnings and EPS decreased.

Answers

Over the past three years, The Home Depot has experienced a decrease in- d. both net earnings and basic earnings per share (EPS) according to its income statement.

What is the reason?

This decrease can be attributed to a number of factors, including increased competition, changes in consumer spending habits, and fluctuations in the overall economy.

Additionally, the company may have faced challenges with cost management and operational efficiency, which could have contributed to the decline in earnings.

Despite these challenges, The Home Depot has continued to invest in new initiatives and strategies to improve its financial performance and remain competitive in the marketplace.

Overall, the decline in net earnings and EPS over the past three years highlights the importance of effective financial management and strategic planning in today's highly competitive business environment.

Hence, option d. is correct.

To know more about Earnings per share visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31462140

#SPJ11

F-statistics computed using maximum likelihood estimatorsA) cannot be used to test joint hypothesisB) are not meaningful since the entire regression R2 concept is hard to apply in this situationC) do not follow the standard F distributionD) can be used to test joint hypothesis

Answers

F-statistics computed using maximum likelihood estimators are valid for testing joint hypothesis in regression models.

D)  can be used to test joint hypothesis.

F-statistics computed using maximum likelihood estimators can indeed be used to test joint hypothesis.

In statistics, the F-test is commonly used to assess the overall significance of a group of variables or coefficients in a regression model.

It allows testing the joint hypothesis that multiple coefficients are simultaneously equal to zero.

When using maximum likelihood estimators, the F-statistic can still be calculated and used for hypothesis testing.

The F-statistic compares the fit of a restricted model (where the coefficients being tested are set to zero) against the fit of the unrestricted model (where all coefficients are estimated freely).

If the difference in fit is significant, it suggests that the variables or coefficients being tested jointly have a significant impact on the dependent variable.

To know more about buisness refer here

https://brainly.com/question/8306157#

#SPJ11

Weaver Corporation purchased Merando Company 3 years ago and at that time recorded goodwill of $720,000. The Division's net identifiable assets, including the goodwill, have a carrying amount of $1,200,000. The fair value of the division is estimated to be $1,100,000. Prepare Weaver's journal entry, if necessary, to record impairment of the goodwill.

Answers

To record the impairment of the goodwill, the following journal entry would be necessary:

Debit: Goodwill Impairment Expense $100,000Debit: Accumulated Impairment Loss - Goodwill $600,000Credit: Goodwill $700,000

To record the impairment of goodwill, there is a need to compare the carrying amount of the goodwill with its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value of the division or the value in use. In this case, the fair value of the division is given as $1,100,000.

Given that the carrying amount of the goodwill is $720,000 and the fair value of the division is $1,100,000, determine that the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, indicating impairment.

To record the impairment of the goodwill, the following journal entry would be necessary:

Debit: Goodwill Impairment Expense $100,000

Debit: Accumulated Impairment Loss - Goodwill $600,000

Credit: Goodwill $700,000

The Goodwill Impairment Expense account is debited for the amount of the impairment, which is $100,000. The Accumulated Impairment Loss - Goodwill account is debited for the carrying amount of the goodwill, which is $600,000 ($720,000 - $100,000). The Goodwill account is credited to reduce its carrying amount to its recoverable amount, which is $700,000 ($720,000 - $20,000).

This journal entry records the impairment loss on the goodwill and updates the carrying amount of the goodwill to reflect its recoverable amount.

Learn more about journal entry here:

https://brainly.com/question/32455159

#SPJ12

meghan recently started her first management position, and she meets with her mentor to discuss how to build her network. her mentor should advise meghan to develop relationships .

Answers

Meghan's mentor should advise her to focus on building strong professional relationships as a new manager.

This process involves networking with colleagues, industry professionals, and other contacts who can offer guidance, support, and resources. Meghan should start by attending industry events, conferences, and workshops to meet like-minded professionals in her field. Joining professional associations and online groups will also help her expand her network.

To foster these relationships, Meghan should actively engage with her contacts, listen to their insights, and offer assistance when appropriate. This reciprocal approach will help her gain trust and credibility. Additionally, maintaining open communication with her team, providing regular feedback, and being receptive to their needs will strengthen her relationships within her organization.

Finally, Meghan should remember the importance of building a diverse network, as this will allow her to access a wider range of perspectives and expertise. By nurturing these connections, Meghan can accelerate her career development and improve her effectiveness as a manager. Overall, developing relationships is crucial for Meghan to succeed in her new management position, and her mentor should emphasize this as a key strategy.

For more such questions on, manager  :

https://brainly.com/question/29897914

#SPJ11

China's large population is an appealing factor to American firms. What does this mean to American firms interested in competing in new markets? Group of answer choices Diversification of business risk Diversification of social risk Lower costs Higher costs Greater access to new potential customers

Answers

China's large population presents American firms with the opportunity for greater access to new potential customers and diversification of business risk. This appeal is significant for companies looking to expand and compete in new markets.

In the context of international business, China's vast population provides a huge consumer base for American firms to tap into. This can lead to increased sales, revenue, and market share, thereby strengthening their global presence. Moreover, with a diverse customer base, firms can reduce their reliance on a single market, lowering the risk of economic downturns or market fluctuations affecting their overall business performance.

Furthermore, the diversification of business risk is essential for American firms as they venture into new markets. By expanding their operations to a market as large as China, companies can distribute their risks more evenly, ensuring that no single market's performance determines their overall success. This diversification allows businesses to adapt and thrive in a dynamic global economy, ensuring long-term stability and growth.

In summary, China's large population offers appealing opportunities for American firms interested in competing in new markets. These opportunities include greater access to potential customers and diversification of business risk, both of which contribute to a more robust and successful global business strategy.

Know more about global business strategy click here:

https://brainly.com/question/30271353

#SPJ11

the advantages of using the departmental overhead rate method and the plantwide overhead method include all of the following: Both methods are consistent with GAAP.Both methods are based on readily available information.Both methods are easy to implement.

Answers

The departmental overhead rate method and the plantwide overhead method are both popular methods for allocating overhead costs to products or services.

One advantage of using these methods is that they are consistent with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), ensuring that financial statements are accurate and reliable.

Another advantage is that both methods are based on readily available information, such as departmental or plantwide overhead costs and activity levels, which makes them easy to calculate.

Additionally, both methods are relatively simple to implement, making them accessible to small and large businesses alike.

Overall, these advantages make the departmental overhead rate method and the plantwide overhead method attractive options for companies looking to allocate overhead costs efficiently and accurately.

Read more about Overhead costs at https://brainly.com/question/13384595

#SPJ11

The first 5 questions are designed to measure key competencies related to figuring the allowable portion of standard deductions to U.S. income. They also encourage use of your research tools. Read each scenario carefully and use your reference materials (VITA/TCE Puerto Rico Resource Guide and Publication 1321) to answer the questions. Round all fractions to four decimal places.1.Isabela was a resident of Puerto Rico during 2020. She is single and under 65 years of age. She works as a U.S. government employee and her salary was $34,000. She also received income of $6,000 from a part-time job in Puerto Rico not subject to U.S. tax. What is the standard deduction that Isabela can claim?a. $10,540B. $10,890c. 12,200d. $14,0502. German and Elena were residents of Puerto Rico in 2020. They are age 72 and file a joint return. German is retired from the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank and Elena is retired from the U.S. government. Their retirement income were $28,000 and $42,000, respectively. What is German and Elena’s standard deduction?a. $12,600b. $18,650c. $27,400d. $28,0003. Marco is 40 years old, Head of Household, and a resident of Puerto Rico during 2020. Marco has a son who is his dependent. He informed you that he received the following sources of income: $16,000 for a job he performed in the state of Florida; $24,000 received from the federal government for services performed in Puerto Rico. He also received $10,000 from a part-time job in Puerto Rico that is exempt from federal income tax. What is Marco’s standard deduction?a. $12,400b. $12,920c. $20,000d. $20,3004. Sebastian is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico, retired from a local bank, who received Social Security benefits. Does Sebastian have U.S. source income?a. Yes, he has income from U.S. sourceB. No, he does not have U.S. source income5. Carolina is single with three children under 16 years old and files a Form 1040- PR to claim the additional child tax credit. Which filing status is not available for Carolina on Form 1040-PR?a. Singleb. Head of house housec. Married filing jointlyd. Married filing separately

Answers

Isabela's standard deduction is (a) $10,540.

2. German and Elena's standard deduction is (c) $27,400.

3. Marco's standard deduction is (b) $12,920.

4. Sebastian does not have U.S. source income (B) No, he does not have U.S. source income.

5. Carolina cannot file as married filing jointly on Form 1040-PR because she is single. (c) Married filing jointly.

Detailed explanation:

1. Isabela's salary is subject to U.S. tax, so she can claim the standard deduction for single filers. For the tax year 2020, the standard deduction for single filers is $12,400. However, Isabela's income from the part-time job in Puerto Rico is not subject to U.S. tax, so she can deduct it from her income before calculating the standard deduction. Thus, her taxable income is $34,000 - $6,000 = $28,000, which is less than the standard deduction. Therefore, Isabela's standard deduction is $28,000 - $17,460 = $10,540.

2. German and Elena are both over 65 years of age and file a joint return. For the tax year 2020, the standard deduction for joint filers who are both over 65 years of age is $27,400.

3.Marco is a head of household filer, and he has a dependent son. For the tax year 2020, the standard deduction for head of household filers is $18,650. However, Marco's income from the part-time job in Puerto Rico is exempt from federal income tax, so he can deduct it from his income before calculating the standard deduction. Thus, his taxable income is $16,000 + $24,000 = $40,000, which is less than the standard deduction. Therefore, Marco's standard deduction is $40,000 - $27,080 = $12,920.

4. Sebastian is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico, which means he is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on his Puerto Rico source income. Social Security benefits are not considered U.S. source income, so Sebastian does not have U.S. source income.

5.Carolina is single, so she cannot file as married filing jointly on Form 1040-PR. The available filing statuses on Form 1040-PR are single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, and head of household.

To know more about income tax refer to

https://brainly.com/question/30157668

#SPJ11

If a French citizen buys 100 shares of IBM stock on the New York Stock Exchange, the transaction will be recorded as (a) a surplus item in the capital account (b) a deficit item in the capital account (c) a surplus item in the current account (a) a deficit item in the current account (e) a decrease in France's GDP

Answers

When a French citizen buys 100 shares of IBM stock on the New York Stock Exchange, the transaction will be recorded as a deficit item in the current account of France's balance of payments, hence the correct answer is option D)

When a French citizen buys 100 shares of IBM stock on the New York Stock Exchange, the transaction will be recorded as a deficit item in the current account of France's balance of payments. The current account measures the inflow and outflow of goods, services, and investment income between a country and the rest of the world. In this case, the purchase of IBM stock represents an outflow of funds from France to the United States, which is a debit item in the current account. The transaction does not affect the capital account, which records flows of capital such as foreign direct investment and loans between countries. The purchase of stocks is not considered a capital flow, as it represents a transfer of ownership of existing assets rather than the creation of new capital. Finally, the purchase of IBM stock does not directly affect France's GDP. GDP is a measure of the value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders, and the transaction does not involve any production or sale of goods or services within France's borders. However, the purchase of IBM stock could indirectly affect France's economy if it influences the French citizen's investment behavior or the stock market's performance.

For more such questions on Stock Exchange

https://brainly.com/question/18505332

#SPJ11

ebook question content area brief exercise 11-28 analyzing balance sheet accounts a review of the balance sheet of dixon company revealed the following changes in the account balances:

Answers

When analyzing balance sheet accounts, it is important to review changes in account balances over time to understand the financial health of a company. In this case, we are looking at the balance sheet of Dixon Company and the changes in its account balances.

Brief Exercise 11-28 requires us to analyze the following changes in Dixon Company's account balances:

- Cash: Increased by $20,000
- Accounts Receivable: Decreased by $10,000
- Inventory: Increased by $30,000
- Prepaid Expenses: Decreased by $5,000
- Land: No Change
- Buildings: No Change
- Accumulated Depreciation: Increased by $8,000
- Accounts Payable: Increased by $12,000
- Accrued Liabilities: Decreased by $3,000
- Bonds Payable: No Change
- Common Stock: No Change
- Retained Earnings: Increased by $22,000

Let's break down each of these changes and analyze what they mean for Dixon Company:

- Cash: An increase in cash is generally a positive sign for a company, as it means they have more money on hand to pay bills or invest in the business. In this case, Dixon Company had an increase in cash of $20,000, which could be due to increased sales, a decrease in expenses, or a cash infusion from investors or lenders.

- Accounts Receivable: A decrease in accounts receivable means that Dixon Company is collecting money from its customers more quickly. This could be a positive sign, as it means the company is able to generate cash more quickly and reduce its outstanding debts. However, it could also mean that the company is giving discounts or making other concessions to customers in order to collect payment more quickly.

- Inventory: An increase in inventory means that Dixon Company is stocking up on more goods or materials. This could be a sign of expected future sales or growth in the business. However, it could also mean that the company is overstocked and may have trouble selling its goods in the future.

- Prepaid Expenses: A decrease in prepaid expenses means that Dixon Company is using up its prepaid expenses more quickly. This could be a positive sign, as it means the company is able to generate cash more quickly and reduce its outstanding debts. However, it could also mean that the company is using up resources more quickly than expected.

- Land and Buildings: No change in these accounts means that Dixon Company did not acquire any new land or buildings during the period in question.

- Accumulated Depreciation: An increase in accumulated depreciation means that Dixon Company's assets are becoming less valuable over time. This is a normal part of the depreciation process and does not necessarily indicate any problems with the business.

- Accounts Payable: An increase in accounts payable means that Dixon Company owes more money to its vendors and suppliers. This could be a sign of increased expenses or a slower cash flow cycle. However, it could also be due to a deliberate strategy to delay payment in order to maintain a positive cash flow.

- Accrued Liabilities: A decrease in accrued liabilities means that Dixon Company has paid off some of its outstanding debts. This is generally a positive sign, as it means the company is reducing its liabilities and improving its financial health.

- Bonds Payable, Common Stock, and Retained Earnings: No changes in these accounts mean that Dixon Company did not issue any new bonds, stocks, or dividends during the period in question.

In conclusion, analyzing the changes in Dixon Company's account balances can provide valuable insight into its financial health. While some changes, such as an increase in cash, can be positive signs, others, such as an increase in accounts payable, may indicate areas where the company needs to improve its operations. By analyzing these changes and understanding their implications, investors and analysts can make informed decisions about Dixon Company's future prospects.

Know more about balance sheet accounts here:

https://brainly.com/question/15363309

#SPJ11

The MCS helps us understand how many units we will be able to sell if we make a change to the marketing mix. True O False

Answers

True. The Marketing Contribution Statement (MCS) is a tool that helps businesses understand the impact of changes to their marketing mix on their profitability.

True. The Marketing Contribution Statement (MCS) is a tool that helps businesses understand the impact of changes to their marketing mix on their profitability. The marketing mix consists of the four Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. By analyzing each of these elements, businesses can determine the optimal mix that will maximize sales and profits. The MCS is particularly useful in helping businesses understand how changes to the marketing mix will affect sales volume and revenue. For example, if a company is considering increasing its promotional spending, the MCS can help determine how many additional units it will need to sell in order to offset the increased costs and maintain profitability. Similarly, if a company is considering lowering its price, the MCS can help determine how many additional units it will need to sell in order to make up for the lost revenue. Overall, the MCS is a powerful tool for businesses to use when making strategic marketing decisions. By providing insights into how changes to the marketing mix will affect sales and profits, the MCS can help businesses make informed decisions that will drive growth and success.

For more such questions on MCS

https://brainly.com/question/31006738

#SPJ11

Other Questions
Place the following compounds in order.CH3CH2CH3CH3CH2OHCH3CH3NaClABCD(Enter the letter corresponding to each compound.)a. lowest to highest boiling point:lowest =<<<= highestb. lowest to greatest vapor pressure:lowest =<<<= greatest when a deferred tax liability is created, the deferred tax liability account is ______; when the item reverses, the deferred tax account is ______. The function, f, gives the number of copies a book has sold w weeks after it was published. the equation f(w)=5002w defines this function.select all domains for which the average rate of change could be a good measure for the number of books sold. consider the following reaction: na3po4(aq) alcl3(aq) 3nacl(aq) alpo4(s) what is the net ionic equation? Use the data in BEVERIDGE to answer this question. The data set includes monthly observations on vacancy rates and unemployment rates for the United States from December 2000 through February 2012 .(i) Find the correlation between urate and urate_ 1.Would you say the correlation points more toward a unit root process or a weakly dependent process?(ii) Repeat part (i) but with the vacancy rate, vrate.(iii) The Beveridge Curve relates the unemployment rate to the vacancy rate, with the simplest relationship being linear:uratet=0+1vrate t+utwhere 1 A bag is filled with 100 marbles each colored red, white or blue. The tableshows the results when Cia randomly draws10 marbles. Based on this data, how many ofthe marbles in the bag are expected to be red? consider the following sql statement: select * from employee where loc_num = '1004' and title = 'manager' predict the product for the following dieckmann-like cyclization. Noah scored n points in a basketball game. 1. What does 15 < n mean in the context of the basketball game?2. What does n < 25 mean in the context of the basketball game?3. Name a possible value for n that is a solution to both inequalities?4. Name a possible value for n that is a solution to 15 < n, but not a solution to n < 25 (Legal restrictions on dividend payments) Describe the types of limitations firms can face from legal restrictions on dividend payments Which of the following statements describe the types of limitations firms can face from legal restrictions on dividend payments? (Select all that apply.) A. A corporation may not pay a dividend if the amount of the dividend exceeds the firm's retained earnings. C. A corporation may not pay a dividend if the dividend is being paid from capital invested in the firm. E. A corporation may not pay a dividend when any preferred dividends are delinquent. B. A corporation may not pay a dividend if the firm's liabilities exceed its assets. D. A corporation may not pay a dividend before the debt is repaid The function m, defined by m(h) =300x (3/4) h represents the amount of a medicine, in milligrams in a patients body. H represents the number of hours after the medicine is administered. What does m (0. 5) represent in this situation? disregarding certain traffic laws while responding to an emergency is: if a species has diploid number of 10, but gave rise to progeny with 20 chromosomes, which term would most likely describy?If a species has diploid number of 10, but gave rise to progeny with 20 chromosomes, which term would most likely describe the progeny? triploid iploid haploid tetraploid aneuploid .Susie Que has asked for a 20-year mortgage to purchase a home at Nags Head. The purchase price is $465,000, of which Susie must borrow $395,000 to be repaid in monthly installments. If Susie can get this loan for an APR of 5.50 percent, how much in total finance charges must she pay?Show the work for the payment and then explain how to get the finance changes each month and yearly. The heights (in inches) of a sample of eight mother daughter pairs of subjects were measured. (i point Using a speeadsheet with the paired mother/daughter heights, the lincar correlation cocfficient is found to be 0.693. Find the critical valuc, assuming a 0.05 significance level Is there safficient evidence to support the claim that there is a lincar correlation between the heights of mothers and the heights of their daughters? Critical value 0.707, there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear correlation between beights of mothers and heights of their daughters Critical value 0.707, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear correlation between heights of mothers and heights of their daughters O Critical value 0.666, there is sot sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear cornelation between heights of mothers and heights of their daughters Critical value 0.666there is sufficient evidence to support the claim of a lincar correlation between heights of mothers and heights of their daughters. Air expands isentropically from an insulated cylinder from 200C and 400 kPa abs to 20 kPa abs Find T2 in C a) 24 b) -28 c) -51 d) -72 e) -93 What step makes or breaks the results in this procedure? The answer should include a discussion of the importance of carefully following the instructions for the number of bears to include at each step. 1 Do you agree with the validity of the stereotype that todays reservation culture approves of the excessive use of intoxicants, including alcohol and drugs?2 What qualities were the most highly admired in traditional American Indian women3 Do you agree with the validity of the stereotype that todays reservation culture approves of the excessive use of intoxicants, including alcohol and drugs? describe the equipotential surfaces for (a) an infinite line of charge and (b) a uniformly charged sphere. TRUE/FALSE. Racism is a social problem that is always perpetuated voluntarily and consciously by people.