Health High School

researchers in philadelphia investigated whether pamphlets containing information for cancer patients are written at a level that the cancer patients can comprehend . They applied tests to measure the reading levels of 63 cancer patients and also the readability levels of30 cancer pamphlets (based on such factors as the lengths of sentences and number of polysyllabic words). These numbers correspond to grade levels, but patient reading levels of under grade 3 and above grade 12 are not determined exactly. The following tables indicate the number of patients at each reading level and the number of pamphlets at each readability level. The dotplots reveal the distributions on the same scale (with "below 3" appearing at level 2 and "above 12 at level 13 for convenience). From the dotplots, what do see about the pamphlet's reading level in relationship to the patient's reading levels? What implications do this have? Explain why the form of the data does not allow one to calculate the mean reading skill level of patient. Determine the median reading level of a patient. (Be sure to consider the counts.) Determine the median readability level of a pamphlet. How do these medians compare? Are they fairly close? Does the closeness of these medians indicate that the pamphlets are well matched to the patients' reading levels? Compare the dotplots above to guide your thinking. What proportion of the patients do not have the reading skill level necessary to read even the simplest pamphlet in the study? (Examine the dotplots to address this question.) How well does the numerical analysis support the observations you made in question 1? MORAL of the Story: While measures of Center are often important, they do not summarize all aspects of a distribution.

Answers

Answer 1

The readability levels of cancer pamphlets generally exceed the reading levels of cancer patients, suggesting a mismatch, as indicated by dot plots and limitations of measures of the center.

From the dot plots, it can be observed that the distribution of patient reading levels is concentrated at lower levels. In comparison, the distribution of pamphlet readability levels is more spread out and extends to higher levels. This suggests that the pamphlets generally have higher reading levels compared to the patients.

The inability to calculate the mean reading skill level of patients is due to the lack of exact determinations for patients below grade 3 and above grade 12. The median reading level of a patient can be determined by finding the middle value of the patient reading level distribution.

However, comparing this median to the median readability level of the pamphlets may not indicate a close match between the two.

The dot plots reveal that a proportion of patients have reading skill levels below even the most superficial pamphlet level. This implies that these patients may struggle to comprehend the information provided in the pamphlets.

The numerical analysis supports the earlier observations, emphasizing that measures of the center alone, such as mean or median, do not capture the full range and distribution of data. In this case, the limitations of relying solely on measures of center are evident in understanding the compatibility of the pamphlets' reading levels with the patients' reading abilities.

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Related Questions

name at least two specific conditions of hardy-weinberg are being met (if the population is in h-w equilibrium) or are not being met (if it is not in h-w equilibrium).

Answers

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it means that one or more of the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is being violated. This can happen due to several factors, such as mutations, gene flow.


Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a concept in population genetics that describes a hypothetical state in which the frequency of alleles in a population remains constant over time. This equilibrium is based on five assumptions: no mutations, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no selection. If these assumptions are met, the gene pool of the population will remain stable and the frequency of alleles will not change from generation to generation.

Two specific conditions that are being met in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:

1) No mutations are occurring in the gene pool. Mutations are random changes in the DNA sequence of a gene, and they can introduce new alleles into a population or change the frequency of existing alleles. In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, no mutations are occurring, which means that the frequency of alleles remains constant over time.

2) Random mating is occurring. Random mating means that individuals are not choosing their mates based on their genotype or phenotype. Instead, they are mating with other individuals in the population at random. This ensures that the frequency of alleles in the gene pool remains constant over time, as there is no bias towards certain genotypes or phenotypes.

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