Refer to the passage below.

On April 26, 1983, Matthew N. Fraser, a student at Bethel High School in Pierce County, Washington, delivered a speech nominating a fellow student for student elective office. Approximately 600 high school students, many of whom were 14-year-olds, attended the assembly. Students were required to attend the assembly or to report to the study hall. The assembly was part of a school-sponsored educational program in self-government. Students who elected not to attend the assembly were required to report to study hall. During the entire speech, Fraser referred to his candidate in terms of an elaborate, graphic, and explicit sexual metaphor.

Two of Fraser's teachers, with whom he discussed the contents of his speech in advance, informed him that the speech was "inappropriate and that he probably should not deliver it," and that his delivery of the speech might have "severe consequences."

During Fraser's delivery of the speech, a school counselor observed the reaction of students to the speech. Some students hooted and yelled; some by gestures graphically simulated the sexual activities pointedly alluded to in respondent's speech. Other students appeared to be bewildered and embarrassed by the speech. One teacher reported that, on the day following the speech, she found it necessary to forgo a portion of the scheduled class lesson in order to discuss the speech with the class.

A Bethel High School disciplinary rule prohibiting the use of obscene language in the school provides:

Conduct which materially and substantially interferes with the educational process is prohibited, including the use of obscene, profane language or gestures.

The morning after the assembly, the Assistant Principal called Fraser into her office and notified him that the school considered his speech to have been a violation of this rule. . . . He was suspended for three days, and . . . removed from the list of candidates for graduation speaker at the school's commencement.

–Opinion of the Court,
Chief Justice Warren Burger

In the resulting case, Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986), the Supreme Court upheld Fraser’s punishment, indicating that there had been no constitutional violation. In doing so, the court stated that there was a "marked distinction” between a political message and the sexual content of Fraser’s speech. The court noted that there appeared to be at least some disruption of the educational process, and that there was an interest in protecting children from that which is obscene and vulgar.

a) Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) and Bethel.

b) Based on the constitutional clause identified in part A, explain why the facts of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District led to a different holding than the holding in Bethel School District v. Fraser.

c) Describe an action that members of the public who disagree with the holding in Bethel School District v. Fraser could take to limit its impact.

a) The constitutional clause that is common to both Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) and Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986) is the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, specifically the Free Speech Clause.

b) In Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, the Supreme Court held that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate." The court ruled that in order for school officials to justify suppressing the speech of students, they must reasonably forecast that the speech would cause a substantial disruption to the school environment. In contrast, in Bethel School District v. Fraser, the court emphasized the school's interest in protecting children from obscene and vulgar speech. The court found that Fraser's speech, with its sexually explicit content, was inconsistent with the educational mission of the school and could be reasonably seen as interfering with the educational process.

c) Members of the public who disagree with the holding in Bethel School District v. Fraser could take the following actions to limit its impact:

1. Advocate for stricter guidelines or policies regarding the punishment or restriction of student speech in schools.

2. Support organizations or initiatives that promote free speech rights for students and challenge restrictive policies.

3. Engage in public discourse and raise awareness about the importance of protecting free speech rights, particularly in educational settings.

4. Encourage the development of alternative educational approaches that foster open dialogue and critical thinking while still maintaining a respectful and inclusive environment.

5. Work with lawmakers and policymakers to propose legislation or amendments that clarify the boundaries of student speech rights and provide clearer guidelines for schools to navigate these issues.

What is intelligence?

Let z = 1 + 3i and w = −3 − 4i.

Use the drop down menus to complete the statements.

The sum z + w is equal to −
−
i.

The sum w + z is equal to −2 −
i.

The result supports that complex number addition is
.

ay paniniwalang nag ugat sa Europe na binigyang diin ang karapatan ng indibidwal​

The
climate is characterized by being treeless, having an extremely cold climate, minimal vegetation
with most being ground-hugging plants, little precipitation, permafrost, and nutrient poor soils.
A) desert
B) Savanah
C) tundra
D) polar
E) semi-arid

You will read a current events in environmental science article and then write a summary ... article Earth is a "living planet" and all life depends on one another to thrive , report says by Associated press .. PLEASEE HELPP

What is the meaning of f '' (4) = -4?

Will give brainliest to person with best explanation!

How can you predict the effects of a change in matter or energy availability on ecosystems?

Nina can paint two 10 ft. by 12 ft. walls in 3 hours. She has to paint her house, and it has 7 walls this size that need to be painted. If she starts at noon, about what time will Nina be done?

9:00 p.m.
9:30 p.m.
10:00 p.m.
10:30 p.m.

A. Identify similarity in the way that Communist leaders attempted to improve their
countries economies after World War One

Annie experiences disorganized thinking and communicates with people who do not exist. Which of the following is the most likely classification of Annie's problems?

Which sentence has correct capitalization?
A.
Danielle received a letter from someone in Des Moines, ia.
B.
Danielle received a letter from someone in des moines, IA.
C.
Danielle received a Letter from someone in Des Moines, IA.
D.
Danielle received a letter from someone in Des Moines, IA.

6
Type the correct answer in the box.
Most adults should consume no more than 30 percent of their daily calories from fat.
A person on a daily diet of 2,500 calories should get no more than
calories from fat each day.

Plz help, due in 10 min! No links plz!
During which of the following months is the temperature likely to be moderate across the globe?
Answer choices:
January
June
March
August
Why does Earth rotate?
Answer choices:
Because Earth is formed from cold gases collapsing due to gravity
Because the matter in the nebula that formed Earth was spinning
Because Earth forms more than 99% of the mass of the solar system
Because the hydrogen atoms inside the nebula fused to form helium

How do fiber-optic cables work?

what is 2+2+1+4+3+7+8+3+6+3+6+2+5+2+5+8+2+6+3+4+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+1+0+1+0+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1?

A study finds a correlation coefficient of our point 32 according to kohan's benchmarks the magnitude of this effect is

872 321 1965

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A good example of a centripetal force in political geography is
a.a primate city
b.a poorly developed road network
c.rugged topography
d.the existence of different language regions
e.religious diversity and conflict

A private, for-profit school . . .
Group of answer choices

always has a religious focus

is the most common of all post-secondary schools

is administered by state government officials

is funded by student payments and its business operations.

Since the amount of pollution emitted into the air is a very small fraction of the total material in the atmosphere, why do we have air pollution problems.

knox131 .. it wouldn’t let me text you back i hope you see this :,(

Brainliest/50 points Find the vector equation of the line

y=6x−4
.

r(t)=(6+26t,32+156t)

r(t)=(6−26t,32+156t)

r(t)=(32+26t,6+156t)

r(t)=(6+156t,6+26t)

explain the term.evapouration​

A student surveyed 226 classmates to see if they owned a dog or cat. There are 131 students who own a dog and 85 who own a cat. 34 students do not own a cat or a dog. Complete the Venn diagram by finding the value of b, c, and d.

__________ is a characteristic of an organism that allows it to survive better in an environment.
A.
Adaptation
B.
Natural selection
C.
Artificial selection
D.
Mutation

How would you know your living a dream when you already pinched yourself????????????

A girl starts her car and accelerates uniformly to 7m/s in a distance of 14m.Calculate the acceleration of the girl and the time taken by her to travel the distance​.

Select the corresponding communication style for the following sentence: "You've done so well for someone with your background."
A. assertive
B. passive
C. passive-aggressive
D. aggressive

URGENT! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!Some psychologists argue that emotional intelligence (or intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence) is one part of overall intelligence. Do you agree or disagree with this stance? Why or why not?

Which of the following best reflects the international conditions that motivated President Bill Clinton’s proposals in Source 1?
A:The United Nations wanted to reinterpret its mission.
B:Peacekeepers had failed in most of their previous deployments.
C:The United States could no longer afford to intervene in conflicts.
D:International economic priorities had shifted away from military spending.