The observation that supports the existence of Pangea which is supported by similar fossils appearing on different continents is that it shows that the continents used to be closer together.
In early geologic time, the term Pangea is used to refer to a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It is believed that the supercontinent incorporated almost all the Earth’s land masses and started to break apart about 200 million years ago, during the Early Jurassic Epoch. Pangea’s existence was first proposed in 1912 by German meteorologist Alfred Wegener as a part of his theory of continental drift. The discovery of similar fossils of plants, animals, etc., supported the existence of Pangea and suggested that the continents used to be closer together.
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What makes a Jewish synagogue unique
Answer:
Architecture
Explanation:
One thing that makes synagogues unique from many other religious buildings is the lack of standardized architecture. Catholic churches are shaped like crosses, Buddhist stupas mimic mountains, but synagogues can take any shape or form. Part of this may relate to Jewish history: After being expelled from Jerusalem, Jews were often marginalized and segregated from mainstream society. Utilizing local architecture may have been a survival strategy that helped them blend in.
which does not play a role in causing a rain shadow? cold polar air a mountain range adiabatic cooling humid ocean air
A rain shadow is not brought on by frigid polar air, claims the statement.
When it's humid, what does that mean?The amount or air containing water vapor is known as humidity. The dampness will be high when there is bunch enough water vapor present in the air. As the humidity increases, it feels more humid outside. In meteorologists, dampness is generally portrayed using the word "relative humidity."
Is humidity chilly or hot?Therefore, the sweat evaporation of water slows down so when the air's relative humidity is high, indicating that now the air seems to have a high amount of moisture. The outcome? You feel that it is hotter. If indeed the air is really dry, the opposite happens.
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What are the three primary colors of light, and what happens when they are combined?.
True or false the inner core is liquid and outer core is solid
Answer:
The inner core is not liquid or even molten
Explanation:
So, false.
Madagascar’s economy is focused on vanilla, while Saudi Arabia’s economy is centered around oil. Why have these countries chosen to specialize in these particular products?
Answer: These products are very difficult to produce. No other countries in the world trade these products.
Scientist often use ______________ which are programs that combine what is known about atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation, atmosphere–ocean interactions, and feedback cycles to simulate climate dynamics.
Scientists often use climate models, which are programs that combine what is known about atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation, atmosphere-ocean interactions, and feedback cycles to simulate dynamics.
Climate models, also known as general cyclic models or GCMs, use mathematical equations to describe how energy and matter interact in different parts of the oceans, atmosphere, and land. .
Climate models are important tools for improving our understanding and predictability of climate behavior on seasonal, annual, decade, and centenary time scales. Models investigate the extent to which observed change in climate can be attributed to natural variability, human activity, or a combination of both.
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After viewing the map on canada's forest regions (figure 5-13 page 113) what trends do you notice in terms of the location of sawmills and pulp and paper mills and the distribution of the majority of canada's population?
In terms of location, there is a trend in how the sawmills and pulp and paper mills as well as Canada's population is distributed, and this trend is:
Majority of Canada's population is South Location of Sawmills is higher in Cordilleran forests Location of pulp and paper mills is higher in Boreal forests How is Canada's population distributed?The north of Canada is quite close to the North pole and as a result, not many people stay there as the conditions are difficult for human survival. This is why the majority of Canada's population are located to the south.
Canada has a very large Saw mill industry and they are located mostly in the South as well. Based on the map on Canada's forest regions, these saw mills prefer Cordilleran forests as they have their highest density there.
Then there is Canada's pulp and paper mills industry which is also located south. They prefer to stay in the Boreal forest area and this is likely because the trees there favor their industry.
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which of the following are factors that influence the amount of rainfall that becomes runoff versus groundwater?
Amount and type of vegetation, How dry the soil is, Type of soil on the surface, Steepness of the slope are factors that influence the amount of rainfall that becomes runoff versus groundwater
The characteristics, formation, or phase of the rainfall that is falling to the earth are frequently mentioned while discussing the many forms of precipitation in meteorology.
Precipitation can happen in one of three ways that are clearly distinct. Stratiform precipitation typically lasts longer and is less intense than convective precipitation. When moist air is forced upward over rising terrain and condenses on the slope, such as a mountain, orographic precipitation occurs.
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true or false Seismic the crust is the thick rocky innermost layer of the earthquakes?
Answer: False
Explanation: I learned this in College Class! The reason it is False is that the Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth.
you are to create a concept map for engr 1181. this can be created by hand or on the computer, however it is to be submitted via carmen. you can use the internet to look up additional examples of concept maps
A concept map or a conceptual diagram, shows potential connections between concepts.
Technical writers, engineers, instructional designers and others can utilize concept maps to structure and organize knowledge. A concept map often depicts concepts and information as boxes or circles that are connected by labeled arrows, frequently in the form of a hierarchical structure with downward branches, although it can also take the shape of free-form maps.
Concept mapping is a method for displaying these connections between various concepts. Concept maps have been used, for instance with the object-role modeling or Unified Modeling Language formalism, to define the ontology of computer systems.
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In order to reach the persian gulf from iraq through which country must you travel.
In order to reach the Persian gulf from Iraq, we must have to travel through Kuwait.
Western Asia's Persian Gulf, often known as the Arabian Gulf, is a Mediterranean sea. The waterway, which is situated between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, is an extension of the Arabian Sea. By way of the Strait of Hormuz, it is joined to the Gulf of Oman in the east.
Persian Gulf is crucial because it accounts for approximately one-third of global oil production, holds more than half of global reserves of crude oil, and contributes significantly to global natural gas reserves.
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Driest month and temperatures
Answer:
The driest month of the year is August with an average daily maximum of 44 C and an average low of 30 C.
Select the best answer that fills in the blanks to complete this sentence. The slopes that face to the southeast are warmer than the slopes that are facing to the northwest in these data acquired near winter solstice at 10 am in the morning. The reason why the slopes that FACE to the SOUTHEAST are warmer, is because in winter the sun comes up in the morning and is ____BLANK 1 _______. The slopes that face the northwest are steep and at 10am, they would have received ____BLANK 2 _____. The temperature difference is approximately ____BLANK 3 _____ on these two different sides of this canyon, just estimating temperatures from the key.
Below are your choices:
The slopes that face the northwest are steep and at 10am, they would have received . The temperature difference is approximately on these two different sides of this canyon, just estimating temperatures from the key.
The Northwest Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 established land policy and territory government. Eventually, the area and a tiny portion of the land between the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi rivers were divided into five states: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. There are 44,000 people living in the Northwest Territories. Yellowknife, the capital of the NWT, is said to have more sunshine than any other Canadian city. There are 11 official languages in the Northwest Territories. The Northwest Territories once encompassed the entirety of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon, as well as the majority of Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. The original, tiny province of Manitoba was separated from the region in 1870. From the Territories, Alberta and Saskatchewan were established in 1905.
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Despite being opposed to president assad, why were western nations reluctant to provide support to the rebel militias?.
The western nations were reluctant to support the rebel militias since they didn't intend to be associated with each of the numerous opposition groups. Moreover, although the majority of Western nations were sympathetic to the rebels, they were reticent to provide substantial military support out of concern that it could strengthen Sunni extremist organizations in the rebellion.
Who were the rebel militias in Syria fighting?A rebel can be defined as someone who stands in opposition or armed rebellion against an established government or authority. In Syria, a rebel militia is a group of citizens who have been trained to fight in times of emergency against the established government.
The group, which is mostly made up of Kurdish People's Protection Units, was founded in December 2015. Its size is estimated to be between 55,000 and 80,000 combatants. Although they oppose the Syrian government under President Bashar al-Assad, they have focused most of their efforts on the Al-Nusra Front and ISIL.
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Geologists know that potassium-40 decays to argon-40, with a half-life of 1. 3 billion years. If an analysis of a feldspar crystal in a sample of granite shows that 75 percent of the potassium-40 atoms have decayed to form argon-40, what is the age of the granite? the granite sample is years old.
The granite specimen dates back 2.6 billion years.
What components compose granite?Granite is a plutonic rock with a light tint that is mostly present in mountainous areas of the crustal. It consists of coarse quartz grains (10–50%), sodium feldspar, and potassium feldspar. These minerals make up about 80% of the rock's composition.
Briefing :
Given ,As we know that the radioactive decays follow the first order kinetics.
First we have to calculate the rate constant.
Formula used : [tex]t\frac{1}{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]
[tex]1.3 billion years[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]
[tex]k = 0.533 ( billion years )^{-1}[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the age of the sample of granite.
The expression for rate law for first order kinetics is given by :
[tex]k = \frac{2.303}{t}[/tex] [tex]log \frac{a}{a-x}[/tex]
where,
k = rate constant = 0.533
t = time taken for decay process = ?
a = initial amount of the reactant = 100 g
a - x = amount left after decay process = 100 - 75 = 25 g
Putting values in above equation, we get the age of the sample of granite.
[tex]0.533 = \frac{2.303}{t} log \frac{100}{25}[/tex]
t = 2.6 billion years
Therefore, the age of the sample of granite is, 2.6 billion years
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What do you predict earth's interior is like? how do its rocks compare to rocks on the surface?.
The interior of the Earth can be inferred from volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs. They also demonstrate one way in which the layers of the Earth communicate with one another.
On Earth, volcanoes are most frequently found where tectonic plates are separating or joining together, and the majority are underwater. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, for instance, has volcanoes brought on by divergent tectonic plates, whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes brought on by convergent tectonic plates. As in the East African Rift, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field, and the Rio Grande rift in North America, volcanoes can also form where the plates of the crust are being stretched and thinned. A diapir upwelling from the core-mantle boundary, located 3,000 kilometers (1,900 miles) beneath the Earth's surface, is thought to be the cause of volcanism that occurs away from plate boundaries. The Hawaiian hotspot is one example of the hotspot volcanism that results from this. Where two tectonic plates slide past one another, volcanoes typically do not form.
Large eruptions can change the atmosphere's temperature because the Sun is obscured by ash and sulfuric acid droplets, which cool the Earth's troposphere. In the past, major volcanic eruptions have been followed by volcanic winters that have resulted in devastating famines.
In addition to Earth, other planets have volcanoes. As an illustration, Mercury has pyroclastic deposits that were created by violent volcanic activity.
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which statement about the 1980 eruption of mount st. helens is false? group of answer choices the most powerful explosive event was preceded by a massive landslide mudflows accompanied the major eruptive events the eruption was dominated by basaltic lava flows plumes of ash rose high into the atmosphere during the major eruptive events
The statement about the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, option c, the eruption was dominated by basaltic lava flows is false.
Mount St. Helens is an active volcano in Skamania County in Washington. It is a stratovolcano or a composite volcano built by layers of lava. It is also a part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc in Western North America which is an extended segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980 which remains one of the worst natural disasters destroying human life and the economy. It killed as many as fifty-seven people were killed and two hundred homes were destroyed in the eruption. It destroyed 24km of railways, forty-seven bridges, and 298km of highway. It was a lateral eruption caused by an earthquake of 5.1 magnitudes.
Mount St. Helena erupted dacite lava with 64% silica and 4% water in it. Therefore, option c is false.
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you find a broad river valley (see cross section below, solid black area is water in a river channel) and decide to build your settlement there. what would be the possible pros and cons of building in different locations? what geologic hazards could you face at your location and how could you potentially remediate them?
Transportation, irrigated, productive land, and access to clean water are benefits. Unpredictable flooding and loss of homes, lives, and crops are drawbacks of habitation near river valley.
The term "river valley" refers to the natural channel(s) that a river and its tributaries have developed. This includes the river and any islands that may be there, as well as the river terraces—flat a l l u v i a l plains that the river has deposited—river banks, and flood plain lands. These geological structures are the result of moving glaciers and flowing rivers. The combined effects of gravity, water, and ice result in valleys, which are low-lying sections of land that have been eroded and washed out.
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in a moderately warming climate, economically valuable trees like spruce will not thrive as well as less economically important species.
True, Economically significant trees like spruce will not fare as well in a moderately warming climate as less significant species.
The climate in savannas is pleasant all year round. In a savanna, there are actually two distinct seasons: a very lengthy dry season (winter) and a very wet season (summer). Only an average of 4 inches of rain fall during the dry season. There will be absolutely no rain between December and February. Surprisingly, the temperature is a little lower during this dry season. It is still just about 70 degrees F, so don't expect sweater weather.
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geologists use a number of terms to describe the ways in which the oceans interact with land. identify the following examples by labeling the image.
The term used by geologists to discuss sea-land interactions is an estuary, swampy delta, coastal plains, Uplifted terrace, and sand dunes.
Discuss the terms in detail;
1. Estuary: A place where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean is called an estuary. In estuaries, brackish water is created when a freshwater river and a salty ocean mingle. Although not as salty as the ocean, brackish water has some saltiness. Other names for an estuary include a bay, lagoon, sound, or slough.
2. Swampy Delta: A delta forms when a river empties into an ocean, sea, desert, lake, or simply into a bog. The main channel of this phenomenon splits into numerous streams, or distributaries Deltaic wetlands have a unique water balance that sets them apart from typical river basins, reservoirs, and lakes.
3. Uplifted Terrace: Any relatively flat area of marine origin that is bordered by a steeper ascending slope on one side and a steeper descending slope on the other is referred to as a marine terrace.
4. Sand dune: A dune is a sand mound that the wind creates, typically along a beach or in a desert. Sand accumulates in dunes when the wind drives it into a protected region behind a barrier.
5. Coastal plains: A flat, low-lying area of land near the water is known as a coastal plain. Coastal plains and the rest of the interior are divided by neighbouring landforms like mountains.
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A satellite orbits the earth with an elliptical orbit modeled by x squared over 43 million eight hundred twenty four thousand four hundred plus y squared over forty seven million one hundred ninety six thousand nine hundred equals 1 comma where the distances are measured in km. The earth shares the same center as the orbit. If the radius of the earth is 6,370 km, what is the maximum distance between the satellite and the earth?.
According to the given information, the maximum distance between the satellite and the earth is 510 km.
The function that represents the elliptical route of the satellite is presented as follows;
[tex]\frac{x^2}{47,334,400} + \frac{y^2}{43,956,900}[/tex]
The compass of the Earth, R = ,370 km.
The equation of an cirque is presented as follows;
[tex]\frac{(x-h)^2}{a^2} + \frac{(y-k)^2}{b^2}[/tex]
a = The major axis( the longer axis), which gives the maximum distance
between the satellite and Earth.
b = The minor axis( the shorter axis)
By comparison, we get;
a² = 47,334,400 km²
Therefore;
a = √(47,334,400 km²) = 6,880 km.
The distance between the satellite and the face of the Earth, d, is given as follows;
d = a - R
Which gives;
d = 6,880 km - 6,370 km = 510 km
Distance between the satellite and the face of the Earth, d = 510 km.
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explain at least three ways that the oil industry has affected the environment of the middle east. be sure to consider the processes of extracting, refining, and transporting oil.
Water resources are heavily polluted, salinity of water is high due to the process of oil extraction and refining.
The economies of many Middle Eastern nations, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Yemen, and Persia, rely heavily on the oil sector. Environments for oil production might vary from one nation to another.
Maximum environmental harm is caused during the extraction phase, when oil is first extracted from the ground, as land is cleared to make room for machinery. Drilling sites' oil leaks damage the local wildlife and vegetation gasoline is produced during the refinement of oil. Oil refineries emit hazardous pollutants into the air and may harm the water nearby.
The stage of transportation could result in oil spills. Spills devastate the coral reef and pollute the water and land along the coast. These results may persist for a very long time.
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match the term on the left to its definition regarding the relative location of transport of sediment by a glacier.
Regarding the relative location of transport of sediment by a glacier is: Englacially is Option C; Supraglacially sediment is Option A; Subglacially sediment is Option B.
Glaciers transport large amounts of sediments which may be carried at its base, on its surface, or internally. Englacially transported sediments are carried from within the ice of a glacier. Englacial processes are the body of the glacier or region between the bed and surface. Supraglacially transported sediments are carried from the top of the glacier. Supraglacial processes refer to the melting of debris-covered ice and re-sedimentation of the sediment cover. Subglacially transported sediments are carried from the base of a glacier. Subglacial processes refer to processes that occur at the ice sheet bed that cause the Earth’s surface to be worn down, broken up, and transported by ice.
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Climate change is expected to affect tropical and temperate species differently. Select the statement that best describes which type of species is more at risk, and why.
Tropical species have a tiny thermal safety margin and a narrow performance curve. Tropical and temperate species are expected to be affected by climate change in distinct ways.
The region where a certain species can be located during the course of its life is known as its range. Areas where people or groups could migrate or hibernate are included in a species' range. Every species of life on Earth has a distinct geographic distribution. For instance, rattlesnakes are found only in both North and South America in the Western Hemisphere. Arizona in the United States is home to 13 different species of poisonous snakes, giving it the region with both the broadest range of these reptiles. Only four rattlesnake species may be found east of the River.
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the metamorphosed marble around the solidified granitic (felsic) magma must be younger than the limestone according to the principle of:
The metamorphosed marble around the solidified granitic magma must be younger than the limestone according to the principle of baked contacts.
In the study of Geology, the principle of baked contacts states that the heat from magma will heat/bake or metamorphose the layer of sedimentary rocks it flows onto, and therefore the magma that comes in contact with the limestone will heat the limestone with an extremely high temperature causing the limestone mineral to grow and fused with one another resulting in a formation of a solidified layer of marble through metamorphism. This extreme heat and pressure is causing recrystalization of within the solidified limestone.
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the rapid movement of sand by longshore drift could block access to the mainland by closing gaps in barrier islands and between spits. what steps can be taken to prevent further erosion?
The content and shape of the coastline are significantly influenced by longshore drift barrier islands.
It alters the beach slopes and produces spits, which are long, narrow shoals of land that project out from the shore. Along a shoreline, longshore drift can potentially completely alter or eliminate "barrier islands." Groins effectively restrict longshore transport, trapping longshore drift sediments on the updrift side (a process known as updrift accretion), but they also frequently lead to down drift erosion (a process known as down drift erosion), which is the erosion of sand. A spit is a sand ridge that juts out from the shore. The spit's tip might turn around and head for the calmer waters near the shore. Waves could also deposit sediment to create barrier islands and sandbars. This sheet of water can "capture" and carry beach sediment back out to sea as it moves on and off the beach. Longshore drift is a process that can significantly erode a beach barrier islands.
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Many satellites are moving in a circle in the earth's equatorial plane. They are at such a height above the earth's surface that they always remain above the same point.
(a) Find the altitude of these satellites above the earth's surface. (b) Explain, with a sketch, why the radio signals from these satellites cannot directly reach receivers on earth that are north of 81.3 N latitude.
The altitude of these satellites above the earth's surface is 3,588 10⁷ m, and the radio signals from these satellites cannot directly reach receivers on earth that are north of 81.3 N latitude because by the curve of the planet; consequently, the signals cannot reach these places
to find the altitude of these satellites above the earth's surface requires the use of the law of universal gravitation and Newton's second law.
as newton laws
F = ma
where, F is force, M is mass, and a is acceleration
and law of universal gravitation is
G m M / r² = F
where G is gravitation constant, m and M is mass, r is radius
so if we combine it will be
G m M / r² = m a ...(1)
formula of centripetal acceleration
a = v²/r
where, a is acceleration, v is velocity and r is radius
velocity factor equation is
v = d/t
where d is distance, and t is time
A complete orbit with a time (T) called the period circumnavigates the distance.
while distance of satellite is
d = 2πr
we can combile with velocity formula so,
v = d/t
v = 2πr/T
while,
a = v²/r ---->centripetal acceleration
so,
a = ( 2πr/T)²/r
a = (4π²r²/T²)/r ....(2)
insert equation 2 in expression 1
GM/r² = 4π²r/T²
GM/r³ = 4π²/T²
r = ∛ GM T² / 4π²
Re is the distance from the center of the earth which is the distance from the surface of the earth
formula of r is the distance from that object’s is
r = Re + h
Re + h = ∛ GM T²/4π²
h = ∛(G M T²/4π²) - Re
where, r is distance from that object’s , Re is radius of the Earth, h is altitude
Convert to SI units. time in second
T = 1 day (24 hours / 1 day) (3600 seconds / 1 hour)
T = 86400 seconds
let's do the math
h = ∛(G M T²/4π²) - Re
h = ∛ (6.67 10⁻¹¹ 5.98 10²⁴ (8.6400 10⁴)² / 4π²) - 6.37 10⁶
h = ∛ (75.42 10²¹) - 6.37 10⁶
h = 4.225 x 10⁷ - 0.637 x 10⁷
h = 3.588 10⁷m
b) In the appendix we find that for very large latitudes the straight path from the satellite to the earth is interrupted by the curvature of the planet. As a result, the signal cannot reach these locations
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if air is moving south from california, which way will it tend to curve? 20 POINTS !!!
Air/wind can move in any direction but if I had to guess it would be southwest
suppose that you have two rocks, each containing a radioactive isotope and its decay products. in rock a, there is an equal amount of the parent and the daughter. in rock b, there is twice as much daughter as parent. which rock is older? explain how you know this from the information given.
The youngest rock is the one with the largest ratio of daughter nuclei to parent nuclei, indicating that decay took place over the longest period of time. Oldest is Rock B.
Explain what rocks are.According to geology, a rock is just a naturally occurring material made up of crystalline crystals of ore deposits that have fused to together form a solid mass. The minerals might not even have formed simultaneously.
How are rocks used?They are a part of daily life and aid in the development of new technology. We use mineral deposits for things like construction, cosmetics, transportation, infrastructure, and appliances.
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the point bar at point x was deposited 400 years ago, and the oxbow lake at point y formed 50 years ago. what is the maximum time that this stream has followed its present channel?
Answer:50
Explanation:
This stream has followed its present channel for a maximum of 350 years. The oxbow lake at point Y, which developed 50 years ago, and the point bar at point Y, which was deposited 400 years ago, are used to calculate it.
What does a point bar mean?A meandering stream's inner bank has a low, curving ridge of sand and gravel known as a "point bar". When the stream's velocity decreases along the inner bank, point bars are created by the gradual buildup of material that the stream deposits.
In the above situation, we are informed that the point bar at point x was formed 400 years ago and the oxbow lake at point y developed 50 years ago. The difference between two points (X and Y) is used to calculate the maximum time. We can identify that:
Point X: 400 years agoPoint Y: 50 years agoThe following formula is used to calculate the maximum time:
X - Y = nSubstitute the value:
400 - 50 = nn = 350Hence, the stream has followed its current channel for a maximum of 350 years.
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