Activity | Preceding Activity | Duration (days)A | | 3B | A | 2C | A | 4D | B | 3E | B, C | 2F | D | 2G | E, F | 5H | G | 2Early Start, Early Finish, Late Start, Late Finish,Total Float for the activities:A | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0B | A | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 1C | A | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 1D | B | 7 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 2E | B, C | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 2F | D | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 3G | E, F | 12 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 1H | G | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 1
The Network Diagram is shown in the following figure:
The critical path is A → B → D → F → G → H with a duration of 18 days.The critical path's variance is:Var = 0.1 × Project Duration (critical time of the project)Var = 0.1 × 18 = 1.8 days2The deadline for finishing the project with an 80% likelihood is:Z = 1.04(T)1/2Where:T = VarZ = 1.04(1.8)1/2Z = 1.04(1.34)Z = 1.3936 = 1.4 daysThen, the deadline for finishing the above project with an 80% likelihood is:Deadline = Critical Path Duration + ZDeadline = 18 + 1.4Deadline = 19.4 daysTherefore, the project must be completed in 19.4 days with an 80% likelihood.
To know more about Preceding Activity visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28272906
#SPJ11
LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT Question 1 (C)
You are selected to be part of the team in the Raju’s Hill
Strawberry Farm located in Cameron Highlands.
(c) Explain the benefits of implementing Vertical Integrat
Implementing vertical integration in Raju's Hill Strawberry Farm can bring benefits such as increased control and efficiency in the supply chain, cost savings through elimination of intermediaries, and a competitive advantage through differentiation and enhanced customer experience.
It can lead to improved operational performance, financial gains, and a stronger market position for the farm.
Vertical integration refers to the strategy of expanding a company's operations by acquiring or controlling various stages of the supply chain. Implementing vertical integration can bring several benefits to a strawberry farm like Raju's Hill in Cameron Highlands.
One of the main benefits of vertical integration is increased control and efficiency in the supply chain. By owning and managing multiple stages of production, from farming to distribution, Raju's Hill can have better coordination and streamline its operations. This can result in improved quality control, reduced lead times, and better responsiveness to customer demands.
Another benefit is cost savings. Vertical integration eliminates the need for intermediaries and reduces transaction costs associated with external suppliers. Raju's Hill can enjoy economies of scale and scope by integrating backward into strawberry cultivation and forward into distribution and retail. This can lead to lower production costs, increased profitability, and potentially more competitive pricing for customers.
Vertical integration also provides a competitive advantage. By having control over the entire supply chain, Raju's Hill can differentiate its products and services. They can ensure consistent quality, develop unique product offerings, and provide a seamless customer experience from farm to table. This can enhance customer loyalty, attract new customers, and position the farm as a trusted and reliable supplier.
To learn more about economies click here:
brainly.com/question/951950
#SPJ11
An unregulated paint factory that pollutes a river results in ________ and ______
An unregulated paint factory that pollutes a river results in environmental degradation and negative impacts on public health.
Environmental degradation: The pollution caused by the paint factory can have severe consequences for the river ecosystem. The release of pollutants, such as chemicals and toxic substances, into the water can harm aquatic life, destroy habitats, and disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem. It can lead to the decline or extinction of various species, including fish, plants, and other organisms that rely on the river for survival.
Negative impacts on public health: The pollutants discharged by the paint factory can contaminate the water supply and pose risks to public health. People who depend on the river as a source of drinking water or for recreational activities may be exposed to harmful substances. These pollutants can enter the food chain through the consumption of contaminated fish or crops irrigated with polluted water, potentially causing various health issues, including poisoning, respiratory problems, skin diseases, and long-term health effects.
It is important to regulate and monitor industrial activities to prevent such pollution and protect both the environment and public health.
Learn more about ecosystem here:
https://brainly.com/question/31861714
#SPJ11
Develop plans for effective team performance, especially where diversity exists (including Indigenous Canadians) The Assignment has to be prepared on a Word document, preferably in bullet points, font times new roman and font size 12, line spacing 1.5 or 2. A plan of 1-2 pages should suffice. Note-Plagiarism of more than 25% will lead to assignments not being evaluated.
Create a respectful and inclusive environment that values diversity, including Indigenous Canadians, by promoting cultural competence, fostering open communication, and providing opportunities for personal and professional development.
Plan for Effective Team Performance with Diversity (Including Indigenous Canadians):
Shared Vision: Clearly communicate team goals and emphasize the importance of diversity and inclusion.
Respectful Environment: Foster a culture of respect, acceptance, and appreciation for diverse perspectives.
Cultural Competence: Provide cultural sensitivity training and promote understanding of Indigenous cultures.
Communication and Collaboration: Establish clear communication channels and encourage collaboration among team members.
Personal and Professional Development: Offer training and mentoring programs to support the growth of all team members.
Celebrate Diversity: Acknowledge and celebrate cultural differences and create opportunities for cross-cultural learning.
Conflict Resolution: Develop strategies to address conflicts related to diversity and promote understanding and reconciliation.
Monitor and Evaluate: Regularly assess team dynamics and make adjustments based on feedback and lessons learned.
Summarize the key points discussed in the plan.
Reiterate the importance of diversity and inclusion in promoting effective team performance.
Emphasize the need for commitment and ongoing efforts to create an inclusive work environment.
learn more about team performance here:
https://brainly.com/question/29910541
#SPJ11
River Babylon, an archaeology professor, invests $93,000 in a parcel of land that is expected to increase in value by 12 percent per year for the next six years. He will take the proceeds and provide himself with a 16-year annuity. Assuming a 11 percent interest rate, how much the payments will be for the annuity? (Use a Financial calculator to arrive at the answer. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
The payments for the annuity will be approximately $8,116.15.
To calculate the payment amount for an annuity, we can use the present value of an annuity formula. The formula for calculating the present value of an annuity is: PV = Payment × [1 - (1 + interest rate)^(-number of periods)] / interest rate In this case, we are given the present value (PV) as $93,000, the interest rate as 11%, and the number of periods as 16 years. We need to find the payment amount.
Using a financial calculator or a spreadsheet, we can solve for the payment amount (Payment). Plugging in the values into the formula, we have: $93,000 = Payment × [1 - (1 + 0.11)^(-16)] / 0.11 Now, let's solve this equation to find the payment amount: Payment = $93,000 × (0.11 / [1 - (1 + 0.11)^(-16)]) Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, the payment amount is approximately $8,116.15. Therefore, the payments for the annuity will be approximately $8,116.15.
Learn more about annuity here:
https://brainly.com/question/29753490
#SPJ11
Which one of the following is directly related to an appraisal of an employee's achievement of goals
1) Traits such as attitude and initiative.
2) Behaviors such as leadership role and teamwork.
3) Possession of technical knowledge and skills.
4) Management by objectives.
Management by objectives (MBO) is a performance appraisal approach that focuses on setting specific goals and objectives for employees and evaluating their performance based on the achievement of those goals. It involves a collaborative process between managers and employees, where goals are established, progress is monitored, and feedback is provided.
MBO directly links an employee's performance appraisal to the attainment of predetermined objectives. The evaluation is based on the extent to which the employee has met or exceeded the established goals. This approach allows for a clear and objective assessment of an employee's performance in relation to the expected outcomes.
While traits, behaviors, and possession of technical knowledge and skills are important factors in evaluating an employee's overall performance, they may not be directly tied to the achievement of specific goals. Traits such as attitude and initiative, and behaviors such as leadership role and teamwork, are valuable aspects of an employee's overall performance, but they may not provide a direct measure of goal attainment.
On the other hand, MBO provides a structured framework for assessing goal achievement, allowing managers to evaluate employees based on their ability to meet performance targets. It promotes a results-oriented approach, where employees are accountable for their outcomes and their performance is aligned with organizational objectives.
Therefore, out of the given options, "Management by objectives" is directly related to an appraisal of an employee's achievement of goals.
To know more about Management by objectives, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29811515
#SPJ11
Malta Electric Company produces two products, Resistors and Transistors in a small manufacturing plant which had total manufacturing overhead of $21,000 in June. The factory has two departments, Design, which incurred $10,000 of manufacturing overhead, and Production which incurred $11,000 of manufacturing overhead. Design used 200 hours of direct labor and Production used 80 machine hours. During June, 150 direct labor hours were used in making 100 units of Resistors, and 150 direct labor hours were used in making 100 units of Transistors If Malta Electric Company uses a department rate based on direct labor hours for the Design Department and machine hours for the Production Department, the department overhead rates for the Design and Production Departments in June were Select one: O A. $50 per direct labor hour for both Design and Production B. $62.50 per direct labor hour for Design, and $125 per machine hour for Production C. $125 per direct labor hour for Design, and $62.50 per machine hour for Production D. $50 per direct labor hour for Design, and $137.50 per machine hour for Production
The correct answer is D. $50 per direct labor hour for Design, and $137.50 per machine hour for Production.
To calculate the department overhead rates for the Design and Production Departments, we'll first find the overhead rates per direct labor hour and machine hour for each department.
For the Design Department, the total manufacturing overhead is $10,000 and it used 200 hours of direct labor. So, the overhead rate for Design is $10,000 / 200 = $50 per direct labor hour.
For the Production Department, the total manufacturing overhead is $11,000 and it used 80 machine hours. The overhead rate for Production is $11,000 / 80 = $137.50 per machine hour.
To know more about Production visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/31859289
#SPJ11
What is the loss to an organization, in terms of time and
energy, when an important message is either sent or received
incorrectly?
When an important message is either sent or received incorrectly, it can result in significant losses for an organization in terms of time and energy. This is because the message may not be clear or understood properly, leading to confusion and misunderstandings. As a result, employees may waste time trying to decipher the message, and may even end up carrying out tasks that are unnecessary or incorrect, further exacerbating the problem.
In addition to wasted time, an incorrectly sent or received message can also result in a loss of energy for an organization. Employees may become frustrated and demotivated as a result of the confusion and extra work required to rectify the situation. This can lead to a decrease in productivity and overall morale, which can ultimately impact the success of the organization.
It is therefore crucial for organizations to ensure that their communication channels are clear and effective, and that messages are sent and received correctly. This can help to minimize the potential for misunderstandings and errors, and ensure that employees are able to focus their time and energy on tasks that are truly important for the success of the organization.
To know more about organization visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31760345
#SPJ11
A factory that produces ceramic mugs has a design capacity of 1200 units per day, an effective capacity of 1010 units per day, and an actual output of 991 units per day. What are the efficiency and utilization? A. 98%, 83% B. 92%, 96% C. 92%, 88% D. 98%, 96%
The factory that produces ceramic mugs has a design capacity of 1200 units per day, an effective capacity of 1010 units per day, and an actual output of 991 units per day. The efficiency and utilization are 98%,83%. The correct option is A.
To calculate the efficiency and utilization, we need to use the following formulas:
Efficiency = (Actual Output / Effective Capacity) * 100
Utilization = (Actual Output / Design Capacity) * 100
Design Capacity = 1200 units per day
Effective Capacity = 1010 units per day
Actual Output = 991 units per day
Efficiency = (991 / 1010) * 100 ≈ 98.12% ≈ 98%
Utilization = (991 / 1200) * 100 ≈ 82.58% ≈ 83%
Therefore, the efficiency is approximately 98% and the utilization is approximately 83%.
The correct option is A) 98%, 83%.
Learn more about Effective capacity: https://brainly.com/question/31384808
#SPJ11
Paul is a well-known French bakery/cafe restaurant that specializes in French bakery products along with serving coffee, wine, and beer. Information Systems are not mission critical for Paul's current operations, and this state of affairs is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. Which quadrant of the strategic impact grid do you think Paul can be placed in?
options:
The Strategic Impact Grid is a framework that is used to analyze the impact of different types of information systems on business operations. The four quadrants of the Strategic Impact Grid are Support, Turnaround, Strategic, and Factory. Each quadrant represents a different level of impact that information systems can have on an organization.
Paul is a French bakery/ café restaurant that specializes in French bakery products. It also serves coffee, wine, and beer. Information Systems are not mission critical for Paul's current operations, and this state of affairs is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. Paul can be placed in the "Support" quadrant of the Strategic Impact Grid. In the "Support" quadrant, information systems are not mission-critical, but they do provide a significant amount of support for business operations. Information systems in the "Support" quadrant are used to automate routine tasks, provide decision-making support, and enhance communication and collaboration among employees. The "Support" quadrant is characterized by low to moderate levels of impact on business operations. Information systems in this quadrant are not essential to the organization's success, but they do play an important role in supporting its operations. Overall, Paul can be placed in the "Support" quadrant of the Strategic Impact Grid.
To know more about Strategic Impact Grid visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28564569
#SPJ11
Do research about virtual reality and training in future HR trends
?
Virtual reality (VR) is a digital reality experience that is produced using computer technology. It simulates a user's physical presence in a digital or computer-generated environment.
The notion of using VR for training is becoming increasingly popular, and many industries are already making use of this technology to provide training to their staff. VR provides a practical training environment for trainees in various industries. In recent years, the concept of VR and augmented reality (AR) has become increasingly common, providing HR teams with a new method to deliver training in an immersive and interactive way. As technology advances, so does the ability to create more realistic environments in virtual reality. Future HR trends are likely to include more widespread use of VR training, where employees can be put into a virtual workspace, which will help them adapt to the company's workflow. It has been proven that by simulating real-world scenarios in a controlled environment, VR training can offer a more effective and safer training experience. This technology will be beneficial to HR training in various sectors, including healthcare, construction, manufacturing, and aviation, where safety is of utmost importance.
To know more about Virtual reality visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13269501
#SPJ11
On January 2, 2019 Sona bought 10 lots (1,000 stocks) of COPA at $10,000,000. During that year, she received dividend of $25,000 per lot ($ 250,000 for all the stocks). On January 2, 2020 she bought 5 more lots of the stock at $6,000,000. This year COPA paid dividend of Rp30,000 for one lot. By the end of year 2020, Sona sold all her stocks and got $1,300,000 per lot ($19,500,000 in total).
Calculate:
a) Arithmetic return
b) Geometric return
c) Money-weighted return
We need to determine the internal rate of return (IRR) of Sona's cash flows, including the initial investment, dividends received, and final sale proceeds.
To calculate the arithmetic return, we divide the ending value of the investment by the initial investment and subtract 1. In this case, the ending value is $19,500,000 (sale proceeds), and the initial investment is $10,000,000 + $6,000,000 = $16,000,000 (initial purchase price). Therefore, the arithmetic return is (19,500,000 / 16,000,000) - 1 = 0.21875 or 21.875%.
The geometric return is calculated by taking the nth root of the product of the annual returns, where n is the number of years. In this case, the holding period is two years, and the annual returns are calculated as follows: First-year return: [(Dividend received: 25,000 x 10) / Initial investment: 10,000,000] = 0.25 or 25% Second-year return: [(Dividend received: 30,000 x 15) / Additional investment: 6,000,000] = 0.75 or 75% To calculate the geometric return, we take the square root of (1 + 0.25) x (1 + 0.75) - 1, which equals √2.5 - 1 ≈ 0.581 or 58.1%.
The money-weighted return considers the timing and magnitude of cash flows. In this case, we need to determine the internal rate of return (IRR) of Sona's cash flows, including the initial investment, dividends received, and final sale proceeds. This calculation requires the use of specialized financial software or Excel functions. By considering the cash flows and their timing, we can determine the money-weighted return, which represents the actual return experienced by Sona based on her investment decisions and cash flow timing.
Learn more about arithmetic return here: brainly.com/question/28562900
#SPJ11
Galaxy Jewelers sells diamond necklaces for $481.00 less 6%. Starlight Jewelers offers the same necklace for $566.00 less 26%, 19% What additional rate of discount must Galaxy offer to meet the competitor's price? CECOR The additional rate of discount that Galaxy Jewelers must offer to meet the competitor's price is %. (Round to two decimal places as needed Round all intermediate values to six decimal places as needed)
The additional rate of discount that Galaxy Jewelers must offer to meet the competitor's price is 10.37%.
Given information: Galaxy Jewelers sells diamond necklaces for $481.00 less 6%. Starlight Jewelers offers the same necklace for $566.00 less 26%, 19%.We need to determine what additional rate of discount must Galaxy offer to meet the competitor's price .
Let's calculate the price of the diamond necklace in each case: Price of the necklace at Galaxy Jewelers = $481.00 less 6%We know that the percentage decrease is 6%.Therefore, the new selling price of the diamond necklace at Galaxy Jewelers = $481.00 - 6% of $481.00= $451.74Price of the necklace at Starlight Jewelers = $566.00 less 26%, 19%Here, there are two discounts offered by Starlight Jewelers.26% + 19% = 45% . Therefore, the effective discount offered by Starlight Jewelers = 45% . Therefore, the new selling price of the diamond necklace at Starlight Jewelers = $566.00 - 45% of $566.00= $311.30Galaxy Jewelers needs to offer additional discount on its selling price to match the price of the necklace offered by Starlight Jewelers .
Now, we can equate the above two prices as follows: $311.30 = $481.00 (1 - 6%) - x (1)Where x is the additional discount rate that Galaxy Jewelers needs to offer to match Starlight Jewelers' price. From equation (1), we get :x = 10.37% .
Therefore, the additional rate of discount that Galaxy Jewelers must offer to meet the competitor's price is 10.37%.Hence, the correct option is: The additional rate of discount that Galaxy Jewelers must offer to meet the competitor's price is 10.37%. (Round to two decimal places as needed Round all intermediate values to six decimal places as needed).
To know more about Competitor's visit :
https://brainly.com/question/30677524
#SPJ11
critically analyse four (4) strategies and key marketing mix
decisions you have to make in achieving business expansion
objectives
In order to achieve business expansion objectives, it is important to consider four key strategies and marketing mix decisions.
These decisions involve product, price, promotion, and distribution. By critically analyzing these strategies and making informed decisions, businesses can effectively expand their operations and reach new markets.
The first strategy is product development, which involves creating new products or improving existing ones to meet the needs and preferences of the target market. This decision requires conducting market research, identifying customer demands, and aligning the product offerings accordingly. By continuously innovating and offering high-quality products, businesses can attract new customers and increase market share.
The second strategy is pricing, which involves determining the appropriate pricing strategy to maximize profitability and competitiveness. This decision requires considering factors such as production costs, competitor pricing, and customer perception of value. Price adjustments, discounts, or promotional offers may be employed to attract customers and gain a competitive edge.
The third strategy is promotion, which involves developing effective marketing and communication strategies to create awareness and generate demand for the products or services. This decision requires selecting the most suitable promotional channels, such as advertising, public relations, social media, and events. Businesses must tailor their promotional messages to target specific customer segments and communicate the unique selling propositions of their products.
The fourth strategy is distribution, which involves determining the most efficient and effective channels to deliver products or services to customers. This decision includes evaluating options such as direct sales, retail partnerships, e-commerce, or distribution networks. By ensuring products are readily available and accessible to customers, businesses can expand their market reach and enhance customer satisfaction.
In conclusion, the four key strategies and marketing mix decisions of product development, pricing, promotion, and distribution play a critical role in achieving business expansion objectives. By carefully analyzing each strategy and making informed decisions based on market research and customer insights, businesses can effectively position themselves for growth, increase market share, and reach new customers in a competitive marketplace.
Learn more about business here:
https://brainly.com/question/28330469
#SPJ11
Plaintiffs, soft drinks retailers, brought suit alleging that their wholesalers had engaged in an unlawful conspiracy to restrain trade by refusing to sell soft drinks unless plaintiffs paid cash in advance or at the time of the delivery. The wholesalers had an agreement that none of them would grant short-term credit although such credit had been extended in the past. Question: Is the agreement a breach of the antitrust laws? Explain briefly the reason behind your answer
The agreement among the wholesalers to refuse to sell soft drinks unless plaintiffs paid cash in advance or at the time of delivery may constitute a breach of the antitrust laws due to its potential to restrict competition and harm trade.
The agreement among the wholesalers to refuse to sell soft drinks unless plaintiffs paid cash in advance or at the time of delivery may constitute a breach of the antitrust laws. Antitrust laws aim to promote fair competition and prevent practices that harm competition or restrain trade.
In this case, the wholesalers' agreement to collectively eliminate the option of short-term credit, despite it being extended in the past, could be seen as a concerted action to restrict trade. By imposing a new condition on the sale of soft drinks, the wholesalers may be attempting to eliminate or reduce competition among themselves and limit the options available to the plaintiffs, the soft drinks retailers.
This agreement may be viewed as a form of price-fixing or a concerted refusal to deal, both of which are generally considered anticompetitive practices. By eliminating credit as an option, the wholesalers may be placing an undue burden on the retailers, potentially limiting their ability to operate efficiently and competitively.
To learn more about wholesalers
https://brainly.com/question/31114366
#SPJ4
Please discuss the following: You are the newly employed Director of Housekeeping for a new luxury hotel in Toronto, Ontario in Canada. As a part of your job you are to do interviews and decide who will become your Executive Housekeeper. What is basic skill required for executive housekeeper? Explain the basic role played by executive housekeeper. Define the role of housekeeping.
As the newly employed Director of Housekeeping for a new luxury hotel in Toronto, Ontario, in Canada, one of the tasks that I have to do is to interview and select the Executive Housekeeper. In order to select the right person for this position, there are a few basic skills that the Executive Housekeeper should have.
As the newly employed Director of Housekeeping for a new luxury hotel in Toronto, Ontario, in Canada, one of the tasks that I have to do is to interview and select the Executive Housekeeper. In order to select the right person for this position, there are a few basic skills that the Executive Housekeeper should have. The Executive Housekeeper should have excellent leadership and communication skills. They should be able to manage a team of housekeeping staff and communicate with other departments in the hotel to ensure the smooth running of operations. They should be detail-oriented and have good organizational skills. They should also be knowledgeable about housekeeping procedures and cleaning techniques to ensure that the hotel rooms are cleaned to the highest standards.
The basic role of the Executive Housekeeper is to oversee the housekeeping department in the hotel. They are responsible for ensuring that the rooms and public areas of the hotel are clean and well-maintained. They manage a team of housekeeping staff and ensure that they are properly trained and motivated. They are responsible for ordering cleaning supplies and equipment and ensuring that the budget is adhered to. They are also responsible for ensuring that the hotel is compliant with health and safety regulations.
The role of housekeeping is to ensure that the hotel rooms and public areas are clean and well-maintained. This involves cleaning the rooms, changing the bed linen, replenishing the toiletries, vacuuming, dusting, and ensuring that everything is in working order. Housekeeping staff are also responsible for reporting any maintenance issues to the maintenance department and ensuring that the rooms are ready for the next guest. Overall, the role of housekeeping is essential to the smooth running of a hotel and ensuring that guests have a comfortable and enjoyable stay.
In conclusion, the Executive Housekeeper should have excellent leadership, communication, organizational, and housekeeping skills. They play a crucial role in overseeing the housekeeping department and ensuring that the hotel rooms and public areas are clean and well-maintained. The role of housekeeping is essential to the smooth running of a hotel, and it involves cleaning and maintaining the rooms and public areas to ensure that guests have a comfortable and enjoyable stay.
To know more about Executive Housekeeper visit: https://brainly.com/question/31684149
#SPJ11
CLV1: Calculate the customer lifetime value for the first 5 years of the relationship if the annual profit contribution of a customer is $500. Make the following assumptions: • Customer signs a cont
To calculate the customer lifetime value (CLV) for the first 5 years of the relationship, we need to consider the annual profit contribution of the customer, the discount rate, and the retention rate.
CLV = (Annual Profit Contribution / (1 + Discount Rate - Retention Rate)) * (1 - (1 + Discount Rate - Retention Rate)^n) / (Discount Rate - Retention Rate)
where n is the number of years (in this case, 5).
By plugging in the given values into the CLV formula, we can calculate the customer lifetime value for the first 5 years of the relationship. The discount rate is a factor that accounts for the time value of money, and it reflects the company's cost of capital or desired rate of return.
The retention rate represents the percentage of customers retained each year. The CLV helps businesses understand the value of a customer over their entire relationship and allows them to make informed decisions regarding customer acquisition and retention strategies.
Learn more about customer here : brainly.com/question/31192428
#SPJ11
Angelina and Charlie wish to form a new partnership business in the name of 'A & C. The new business will start its operations from 1st January 2015. The business will provide tourist services in the city Angelina and Charlie are anxious to know whether they will have sufficient cash to keep them afloat for the first six months of trading • Angelina and Charlie are to both put £25,000 each into the business bank account on 1st January • They are to borrow a further £50,000 from Standard Chartered Bank at 8.5% per annum rate of interest with effect from 1 January, First quarterly payment on 1st April. • The forecast of the monthly sales are estimated to be as follows: January - £6500 February - £12500 March - £12500 April - 13500 May - £14000 June - £12500 • All clients are expected to settle their accounts one month after the sales go through • Angelina will draw £1500 per month for personal use, but this will commence from 1st February • Staff salaries are estimated to cost £1850 per month, payable in the month. • Light and heat is estimated to cost £140 quarterly, paid by direct debit, the first quarter being due on 1ST April. • Premises are to be purchased for £105,000 and paid for by 5 equal monthly installments, the first 4 with effect from 1 January with a final installment payable in June. • A motor vehicle for £12600, to be paid for 3 equal installments commencing in January. Depreciation of motor vehicle is at 30% per annum. Computer equipment valued at £2500 is to be purchased in January with a 10% deposit followed by 5 equal monthly installments. The equipment is depreciated at same rate as motor vehicle. • An advertising and promotional campaign is expected to cost £1500 per month for the first 4 months and £1250 for final 2 months. • Motor expenses are expected to be £250 per month, payable in the month. • General overheads are expected to be £400 per month payable one month in arrears. • Rates, water, Insurance and other various costs are estimated to be £1400 per month for the first 4 months of business, rising by 20% thereafter. All costs are paid one month in arrears.
By calculating the cash inflows and deducting the cash outflows for each month, you can assess whether the cash balance remains positive during the first six months.
To determine whether Angelina and Charlie will have sufficient cash to keep the business afloat for the first six months, we need to calculate the cash inflows and outflows during that period.
Cash inflows:
January sales: £6,500 (expected to be settled one month after the sale)
February sales: £12,500 (expected to be settled one month after the sale)
March sales: £12,500 (expected to be settled one month after the sale)
April sales: £13,500 (expected to be settled one month after the sale)
May sales: £14,000 (expected to be settled one month after the sale)
June sales: £12,500 (expected to be settled one month after the sale)
Cash outflows:
Angelina and Charlie's initial investment: £25,000 each = £50,000 (on January 1st)
Loan from Standard Chartered Bank: £50,000 (on January 1st)
Loan interest payment (quarterly): £50,000 * 8.5% / 4 = £1,062.50 (on April 1st)
Angelina's personal draw: £1,500 (starting from February)
Staff salaries: £1,850 per month
Light and heat: £140 (quarterly payment starting from April 1st)
Premises installments: £105,000 / 5 = £21,000 per month (starting from January)
Motor vehicle installments: £12,600 / 3 = £4,200 per month (starting from January)
Computer equipment installments: (£2,500 - 10% deposit) / 5 = £425 per month (starting from January)
Advertising and promotional campaign: £1,500 per month (for the first 4 months) and £1,250 per month (for the last 2 months)
Motor expenses: £250 per month
General overheads: £400 per month (one month in arrears)
Rates, water, insurance, and other costs: £1,400 per month (for the first 4 months) increasing by 20% thereafter (one month in arrears).
For more such questions on cash inflows visit:
https://brainly.com/question/24179665
#SPJ8
Answer the following true or false. with the Explain. (a) A closed system always contains the same matter; there is no transfer of matter across its boundary. (b) The volume of a closed system can change. (c) One nanosecond equals 10° seconds. (d) When a closed system undergoes a process between two specified states, the change in temperature between the end states is independent of details of the process. (f) The Kelvin degree is a larger temperature unit than the Rankine degree and both scales are considered as an absolute one.
(a) False. A closed system refers to a system in which there is no transfer of matter across its boundary, but it does not imply that the system always contains the same matter.
The matter within a closed system can undergo changes in composition, such as through chemical reactions or phase transitions. While no matTer enters or leaves the system, the internal arrangement of the matter can still change.
(b) True. The volume of a closed system can change. A closed system refers to a system that does not exchange matter with its surroundings, but it can still undergo changes in volume. The volume change can occur due to various factors, such as expansion or compression of gases, changes in the arrangement of particles, or alterations in the system's geometry. As long as there is no exchange of matter with the surroundings, the system remains closed.
(c) False. One nanosecond (ns) does not equal 10° seconds. In scientific notation, 10° represents a value of 10 raised to the power of 0, which equals 1. Therefore, one nanosecond is equal to 1 second (s), not 10° seconds.
(d) True. When a closed system undergoes a process between two specified states, the change in temperature between the end states is independent of the details of the process. This principle is known as the Second Law of Thermodynamics. It implies that the change in temperature is solely determined by the initial and final states of the system and is not influenced by the specific path or method used to achieve those states.
(f) False. The Kelvin degree (K) and the Rankine degree (°R) are both considered absolute temperature scales, but the Kelvin degree is not larger than the Rankine degree. The Kelvin and Rankine scales have the same size of temperature unit, where the difference lies in their respective zero points. The Kelvin scale uses absolute zero (-273.15°C) as its zero point, while the Rankine scale uses absolute zero as its zero point as well, but on the Fahrenheit scale (approximately -459.67°F). Hence, the temperature values in Kelvin and Rankine are related by a simple linear conversion, where one Kelvin is equal to one Rankine.
To learn more about closed system refer:
https://brainly.com/question/14782983
#SPJ11
Bob lives two periods: today and tomorrow. His preference is represented by the following utility function: U(C1, C2) = C1 C₂⁰⁹
where cı is today's consumption level and C2 is tomorrow's consumption level. Suppose Bob's income today is yi $100 and his income tomorrow is $y2 190. Interest rate is denoted by r. = = 1. Write down Bob's utility maximization problem (including the budget set). 2. Determine Bob's optimal consumption bundle (c1, c) as a function of r. Draw the inverse demand curve for consumption tomorrow (i.e., con X axis and p2 Y axis). on 1+r 3. (10 points bonus) Suppose today Bob can borrow at most $40 (i.e., C1 < 140). Then determine Bob's optimal consumption bundle (ci, cm) as a function of r.
The equation [tex]C_1 + \frac{C_2}{1 + r} = y_1 + \frac{y_2}{1 + r}[/tex] represents the budget constraint in terms of today's and tomorrow's consumption and their corresponding incomes, considering the interest rate.
1. Bob's utility maximization problem is to maximize U(C1, C2) = C1 x [tex]C2^{0.9}[/tex] subject to the budget constraint: [tex]C_1 + \frac{C_2}{1 + r} = \frac{y_1 + y_2}{1 + r}[/tex], where C1 represents today's consumption, C2 represents tomorrow's consumption, y1 is today's income, y2 is tomorrow's income, and r is the interest rate.
2. Bob's optimal consumption bundle can be determined by solving the utility maximization problem. By taking the derivative of the utility function with respect to C1 and C2, and setting them equal to each other, we can find the optimal consumption bundle as a function of r. The inverse demand curve for consumption tomorrow can be derived by rearranging the budget constraint equation to solve for C2 in terms of C1 and r.
3. In the bonus scenario where Bob can borrow at most $40 today, the budget constraint is modified to [tex]C_1 + \frac{C_2}{1 + r} = \frac{y_1 + y_2}{1 + r}[/tex]+ 40. By incorporating this constraint into the utility maximization problem, we can determine the optimal consumption bundle (C1, Cm) as a function of r, where Cm represents the maximum consumption Bob can borrow.
Learn more about demand curve here:
https://brainly.com/question/13131242
#SPJ11
True or False
1.In many studies, it has been shown that traders who trade
excessively (active traders) actually outperform
the market
2. If you take advantage of current mispricing so as to benefit
cu
False. The statements "In many studies, it has been shown that traders who trade excessively (active traders) actually outperform the market" and "If you take advantage of current mispricing so as to benefit" are both incomplete and unrelated.
However, in relation to the first statement, studies have shown that active traders actually underperform the market. This is because of the high transaction costs and taxes associated with frequent trading, as well as the difficulty of consistently outsmarting the market. Furthermore, active traders tend to engage in behavioral biases, such as overconfidence and the disposition effect, which negatively impact their trading performance. Therefore, it is generally recommended for investors to adopt a long-term, diversified, and passive investment strategy, rather than attempting to beat the market through frequent trading.
To know more about traders visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29733491
#SPJ11
Azumah Corporation plans to finance a new investment with leverage. Azumah Corporation plans to borrow $53.1 million to finance the new investment. The firm will pay interest only on this loan each year, and it will maintain an outstanding balance of $53.1 million on the loan. After making the investment, Azumah expects to earn free cash flows of $9.2 million each year. However, due to reduced sales and other financial distress costs, Azumah's expected free cash flows will decline to $8.2 million per year. Azumah currently has 5.4 million shares outstanding, and it has no other assets or opportunities. Assume that the appropriate discount rate for Azumah's future free cash flows is 7.7% and Azumah's corporate tax rate is 30%. What is Azumah's share price today given the financial distress costs of leverage?
The share price of Azumah Corporation today, considering the financial distress costs of leverage, can be determined by calculating the present value of its expected free cash flows and adjusting for the outstanding loan balance. The appropriate discount rate, the expected free cash flows, and the corporate tax rate are key factors in this calculation.
To calculate the share price of Azumah Corporation, we need to determine the present value of its expected free cash flows, taking into account the financial distress costs of leverage. The free cash flows are expected to be $9.2 million per year initially but will decline to $8.2 million per year due to reduced sales and financial distress costs.
Using the discount rate of 7.7% and the corporate tax rate of 30%, we can discount the expected free cash flows each year and calculate their present value. Since Azumah will maintain an outstanding loan balance of $53.1 million, we need to subtract this amount from the present value of the free cash flows.
Once we have the present value of the free cash flows net of the loan balance, we divide it by the number of shares outstanding (5.4 million) to determine the share price.
It's important to note that this calculation is based on the assumptions provided and does not consider other factors that may affect the share price, such as market conditions or additional risks associated with leverage.
Learn more about financial distress costs here:
https://brainly.com/question/31452883
#SPJ11
product differentiation is a key component of monopolistic competition. label each of the following scenarios according to how products are differentiated.
Product differentiation is crucial in monopolistic competition. Companies that can distinguish their products from others in the market can generate profits because of their unique product characteristics.
Product differentiation is a fundamental aspect of monopolistic competition. In this type of competition, businesses offer a wide variety of products to customers. Each company tries to distinguish its product from others by making it unique. These characteristics may be the product's quality, pricing, location, or customer service, among other things. Therefore, firms can earn profits as a result of monopolistic competition because they have some monopoly power based on their unique product characteristics.
Scenarios for labeling the products according to how they are differentiated are given below
1. Designer jeans are a premium brand of jeans that are known for their quality and style. These jeans are differentiated based on their uniqueness, and thus, the products can be categorized as highly differentiated
2. In a small town, there are several coffee shops, each with a different ambiance and menu. Some of them have an extensive range of vegan and gluten-free options. Some shops have limited options and a few have free Wi-Fi. This scenario suggests that the coffee shops are offering differentiated products based on quality, service, and location.
3. A furniture store that sells trendy furniture pieces, including custom-made items, is an example of a firm that offers highly differentiated products. Customers may visit the store to find unique furniture items that cannot be found in other stores.
4. A gas station chain that is found on almost every corner in a large city offers standardized products. Gasoline prices, quality, and the service provided are mostly the same at every location. This scenario suggests that the gas station chain is offering standardized products.
In conclusion, product differentiation is crucial in monopolistic competition. Companies that can distinguish their products from others in the market can generate profits because of their unique product characteristics.
To know more about monopolistic competition visit :
https://brainly.com/question/29617378
#SPJ11
Asim and Ahmed have a restaurant business on a Mudaraba contract basis. Asim is the Rabulmall and Ahmed is the Mudrarib of the business. It is a common practice in the restaurant business to sign a takaful contract against the risk of fire, theft, and burglary. However, in order to save the costs of a takaful contract, Ahmed didn’t buy a takaful contract. During the year, a fire broke out in the restaurant leading to a substantial loss. According to the term of shariah-compliant Mudaraba contract who will bear the loss? Please elaborate and justify the rights and responsibilities of each partner and the circumstances under which each partner is liable for the losses? Would your answer change if Asim and Ahmed had a Musharaka contract? Please elaborate and distinguish between the rights and responsibilities in this instance.
In a Mudaraba contract basis, the Rabulmall, Asim, provides capital and the Mudrarib, Ahmed, uses his expertise to run the business.
What happens in case of loss?In case of loss, the Rabulmall bears all the losses while the Mudrarib does not lose anything. The rights and responsibilities of each partner are as follows:
The Rabulmall (Asim) provides the capital while the Mudrarib (Ahmed) uses his expertise and management skills to run the business. Rabulmall (Asim) bears the entire loss, and the Mudrarib (Ahmed) does not lose anything in case of loss. The Mudrarib has to keep the money received from the Rabulmall segregated from his own funds. The Rabulmall is not allowed to interfere with the daily operations of the business. The Mudrarib must obtain the prior permission of the Rabulmall for certain decisions such as: entering into partnership, obtaining loans, borrowing money, selling or mortgaging assets. If Mudrarib violates the terms of the agreement, he will be held liable for any losses. Would your answer change if Asim and Ahmed had a Musharaka contract?In a Musharaka contract, both parties contribute capital and expertise to the business. They share both profits and losses based on their respective contributions. Therefore, in case of loss, both Asim and Ahmed will bear the loss equally based on their contributions. Thus, both partners will share the financial loss in the event of fire.
To know more on Business visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15826604
#SPJ11
BigTech, Inc. included the following disclosure note in an annual report: Share-Based Compensation (in part) compensation expense related to these grants is based on the grant date fair value of the RSUS and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period. The following table summarizes the activities for our unvested RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2017 Number of Shares (in thousands) 116,044 54,860 Weighted Average. Grant Date Fair Value $ 21.68 Unvested at December 31, 2016 33.54 Granted Vested (49,050) 17.26 Forfeited 25.61 (16.367) 105,487 Unvested at December 31, 2017 $28.80 Required: 1. Assuming a four-year vesting period, how much compensation expense did BigTech report in the year ended December 31, 2018, for the restricted stock units granted during the year ended December 31, 2017? 2. Based on the information provided in the disclosure note, prepare the journal entry that summarizes the vesting of RSUS during the year ended December 31, 2017. (BigTech's common shares have a par amount per share of $0.000006.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Assuming a four-year vesting period, how much compensation expense did BigTech report in the year ended December 31, 2018, for the restricted stock units granted during the year ended December 31, 2017? (Enter your answer in millions rounded to nearest whole number. (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).) Compensation expense million < Required 1 Required 2 >
The Common Stock - Par Value account is credited for the par value of the shares issued, which is $696.264. The remaining amount, $1,818,616,376, is credited to Additional Paid-in Capital.
Required 1: BigTech reported a compensation expense of $20 million in the year ended December 31, 2018, for the restricted stock units (RSUs) granted during the year ended December 31, 2017.
The disclosure note states that the compensation expense related to these RSU grants is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period. Assuming a four-year vesting period for the RSUs granted in 2017, the total compensation expense would be determined by dividing the total grant date fair value of the RSUs by the vesting period.
The number of shares granted in 2017 is given as 116,044 thousand shares, and the weighted average grant date fair value is $21.68. Multiplying these two values gives us the total grant date fair value of the RSUs, which is $2,518,755,520 ($21.68 * 116,044,000). Dividing this by the four-year vesting period gives us an annual compensation expense of approximately $629,688,880. Rounded to the nearest whole number, the compensation expense reported by BigTech for the RSUs granted in 2017 in the year ended December 31, 2018, is $20 million.
Required 2: The journal entry summarizing the vesting of RSUs during the year ended December 31, 2017, for BigTech is as follows:
Date: December 31, 2017
Debit: Compensation Expense - RSUs $1,819,312,640 ($21.68 * 116,044,000)
Credit: Common Stock - Par Value $696.264 ($0.000006 * 116,044,000,000)
Credit: Additional Paid-in Capital $1,818,616,376 ($1,819,312,640 - $696.264)
This journal entry recognizes the compensation expense related to the RSUs vested during the year. The Compensation Expense - RSUs account is debited for the total fair value of the RSUs vested, which is $1,819,312,640. The Common Stock - Par Value account is credited for the par value of the shares issued, which is $696.264. The remaining amount, $1,818,616,376, is credited to Additional Paid-in Capital.
Learn more about Paid-in Capital here
https://brainly.com/question/30002508
#SPJ11
Which of the following is true about the EEO-1 report? o Currently, individuals can only be classified in one race/ethnicity category. o All private employers must fill out an EEO-1 report. o The EEOC is strongly encouraging online reporting of the EEO-1. o The EEOC strongly suggests HR managers to report racial/ethnic categories for employees.
All private employers with 100 or more employees, as well as federal contractors with 50 or more employees and a contract of $50,000 or more, must fill out an EEO-1 report.
The report requires employers to provide data on the race/ethnicity and gender of their employees across different job categories. Currently, individuals can only be classified in one race/ethnicity category. The EEOC has strongly encouraged online reporting of the EEO-1, and it is now mandatory for all employers to submit their reports electronically. While the EEOC provides guidance on reporting requirements, they do not suggest HR managers to report racial/ethnic categories for employees. The purpose of the EEO-1 report is to monitor and combat employment discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and gender, and it is an important tool for promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace.
To learn more about contractors click here https://brainly.com/question/30065551
#SPJ11
what are three different types of inventory that manufacturing companies hold?
Manufacturing companies typically hold three different types of inventory: raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP), and finished goods. Each type of inventory represents a different stage in the production process.
Raw Materials: Raw materials are the basic components used in the manufacturing process. These can include items such as metals, fabrics, chemicals, or any other materials required to produce the final product. Raw materials are typically acquired from suppliers and are stored until they are needed for production.
Work-in-Progress (WIP): Work-in-progress inventory represents partially completed products that are still undergoing the manufacturing process. It includes items that have been started but are not yet finished. WIP inventory is found at various stages of production, such as during assembly or fabrication. This inventory category helps track the progress of production and ensures a smooth flow of materials and resources.
Finished Goods: Finished goods inventory comprises the final products that are ready for sale and distribution. These are the completed items that have passed through the manufacturing process and are in their final form. Finished goods inventory is held until customer orders are received, at which point they can be shipped or delivered.
By maintaining these different types of inventory, manufacturing companies can ensure a steady production flow, meet customer demand, and effectively manage the supply chain from raw materials to finished products.
Learn more about Manufacturing here
https://brainly.com/question/30419038
#SPJ11
All of the following are considered methods of receiving
feedback from Agile project team members except?
Select one:
a.Agile Diagnostics
b.Agile Analytics
c.Agile Prototyping
d.Agile Modeling
Agile Prototyping is not considered a method of receiving feedback from Agile project team members.
What methods are used to receive feedback from Agile project team members, excluding Agile Prototyping?In Agile project management, feedback from team members is crucial for iterative improvements and project success. While Agile Diagnostics, Agile Analytics, and Agile Modeling are commonly used methods for receiving feedback, Agile Prototyping is not considered one of them.
Agile Diagnostics involves assessing the health and progress of the project through various diagnostic tools, such as project retrospectives or team surveys. It helps identify areas for improvement and allows team members to provide feedback on the project's processes and practices.
Agile Analytics focuses on data-driven insights and feedback. It involves analyzing project metrics, performance indicators, and customer feedback to make informed decisions and drive continuous improvement.
Agile Modeling refers to creating visual representations, such as diagrams or prototypes, to communicate and validate project requirements. While it facilitates collaboration and understanding, it is not primarily aimed at receiving feedback from team members.
Learn more about Agile project management
brainly.com/question/32296997
#SPJ11
The following data give the percentage of women working in five companies in the retail and trade industry. The percentage of management jobs held by women in each company is also shown.
% Working 67, 45, 73, 54, 61
% Management 49, 21, 65, 47, 33
(a) What would a scatter diagram (rough sketch) for these data indicate about the relationship between the two variables?
(b) Explain in 1-2 sentences how you would try to approximate the relationship between the percentage of women working in the company and the percentage of management jobs held by women in that company. (questions c and d are located in comments, sorry about that)
(a) The scatter diagram will indicate that the two variables show a negative relationship. A negative relationship will occur because a low percentage of management jobs held by women in the company will be indicated by a low percentage of women working in the company. (b) The relationship between the percentage of women working in the company and the percentage of management jobs held by women in that company will be approximated by drawing a scatter diagram.
(a) The scatter diagram will indicate that the two variables show a negative relationship. A negative relationship will occur because a low percentage of management jobs held by women in the company will be indicated by a low percentage of women working in the company. A high percentage of women working in the company will indicate a high percentage of management jobs held by women in the company.The management percentage is lowest when the percentage of women working is about 73 and 54 percent, and it is highest when the percentage of women working is about 45 percent. A scatter diagram will give an excellent approximation of the relationship between the two variables. The scatter diagram will look like the following:
(b) The relationship between the percentage of women working in the company and the percentage of management jobs held by women in that company will be approximated by drawing a scatter diagram.
To know more about scatter diagram visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30160555
#SPJ11
Let the output price of a firm in a perfectly competitive market P = $480 Assume the firm has two plants in close proximity with cost functions: Total costs at plant 1: TC₁(q₁) =q₁ Marginal costs at plant 1: MC₁ (9₁) = 2q₁ Marginal costs at plant 2: MC₂(9₂) = 692 Total costs at plant 2: TC₂ (9₂) = 392 Assuming the firm wants to profit maximize it must meet three conditions: (1) MC₁ (9₁)= MC₂ (9₂), for the last units produced at each plant, the equimarginal principle (2) P = MC₁ (9₁), for the last unit produced at plant 1 (3) P = MC₂ (9₂), for the last unit produced at plant 2 1. Using the equimarginal principle and the marginal cost equations, solve for q₁ to provide an equation for the cost minimizing production relationship across the plants. 2. Use the condition P = MC₁(q₁) to solve for q₁. 3. Use the condition P = MC₂(9₂) to solve for 92.
The equation for the cost-minimizing production relationship across the plants is q₁ = 346.
To find the cost-minimizing production relationship across the plants, we need to equate the marginal costs of the last unit produced at each plant, as per the submarginal principle.
According to the given information, we have: MC₁(q₁) = MC₂(9₂)
Substituting the marginal cost equations, we get:
2q₁ = 692
Solving for q₁, we find:
q₁ = 346
Therefore, the cost-minimizing production relationship across the plants is q₁ = 346.
To find the value of q₁ that satisfies the condition P = MC₁(q₁), we use the given information:
P = $480
MC₁(q₁) = 2q₁
Setting these equal, we have:
480 = 2q₁
Solving for q₁, we find:
q₁ = 240
Therefore, q₁ = 240 satisfies the condition P = MC₁(q₁).
To find the value of 9₂ that satisfies the condition P = MC₂(9₂), we use the given information:
P = $480
MC₂(9₂) = 692
Setting these equal, we have:
480 = 692
This equation does not have a solution, which means there is no value of 9₂ that satisfies the condition P = MC₂(9₂). This implies that plant 2 does not produce any output at the given output price.
The cost-minimizing production relationship across the plants is q₁ = 346. The value of q₁ that satisfies the condition P = MC₁(q₁) is q₁ = 240.
However, there is no value of 9₂ that satisfies the condition P = MC₂(9₂), indicating that plant 2 does not produce any output at the given output price.
To learn more about cost-minimizing, visit
https://brainly.com/question/15398620
#SPJ11
. In general, there are several reasons for resistance to change to occur? Not among these would be that people
Group of answer choices
don’t understand the change.
don’t see sufficient rewards linked to the change.
fear punishment if they don’t get on board.
fear they will not be able to survive in the new reality.
don’t understand the need for change.
2. Which is not one of the factors a manager should consider when choosing strategies for overcoming resistance to change?
Group of answer choices
the return on investment the change will bring
the degree of opposition or resentment
the urgency of the need for change
the necessity for information and commitment
the power of the individual/group initiating the change
Among these, the reason not for resistance to change to occur is that people fear punishment if they don’t get on board.
Resistance to change is the act of opposing or rejecting changes in a particular aspect or proposed changes. Resistance to change can be detrimental to the progress of an organization. It is vital to consider and understand reasons why people resist change to find an adequate solution to overcome the resistance.
Among the reasons for resistance to change to occur are: People don’t understand the change. People don’t see sufficient rewards linked to the change. People fear they will not be able to survive in the new reality. People don’t understand the need for change. Fear punishment if they don’t get on board.
To know more about punishment visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/31259129
#SPJ11