Parasites that cause human disease can be classified into different groups based on their characteristics and the diseases they cause. Here are some examples:
1. Protozoa:
- Example: Plasmodium falciparum
- Disease: Malaria
- Location in Host: Plasmodium parasites reside and multiply within red blood cells.
- Mode of Transmission: Mosquitoes (Anopheles species) transmit the parasite to humans through their bites.
2. Helminths (Worms):
- Example: Ascaris lumbricoides
- Disease: Ascariasis
- Location in Host: Adult worms reside in the small intestine.
- Mode of Transmission: Ingestion of eggs present in contaminated food, water, or soil.
3. Nematodes (Roundworms):
- Example: Enterobius vermicularis
- Disease: Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection)
- Location in Host: Adult worms inhabit the large intestine, while females migrate to the perianal area to lay eggs.
- Mode of Transmission: Ingestion of infective eggs, which are usually transferred from contaminated surfaces or through direct contact with an infected person.
4. Trematodes (Flukes):
- Example: Schistosoma mansoni
- Disease: Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)
- Location in Host: Adult worms reside in the blood vessels surrounding the intestines and liver.
- Mode of Transmission: Contact with water bodies infested with freshwater snails that release the parasite larvae, which can penetrate the skin of humans.
5. Cestodes (Tapeworms):
- Example: Taenia solium
- Disease: Taeniasis (Tapeworm infection)
- Location in Host: Adult worms reside in the human intestine, where they attach to the intestinal wall.
- Mode of Transmission: Consumption of undercooked or raw contaminated meat containing the larvae or ingestion of food or water contaminated with eggs.
It's important to note that this list provides only a few examples, and there are numerous other parasites that can cause diseases in humans. The diseases mentioned here represent a fraction of the many parasitic infections that can occur, and each parasite has its unique characteristics, geographical distribution, and mode of transmission. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures are essential for managing these parasitic infections.
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Read the passage. Then describe how it illustrates at least two of the relationships that exist among science, technology
society.
Microbeads: Science, Technology, and Society.
In the 1990s, microbeads became popular additions to
personal care products such as facial cleansers.
Microbeads help scrub and exfoliate skin. They are tiny
balls made from plastic. When washed down the sink,
most microbeads are not filtered out by water treatment
systems. Instead, they settle into sewage sludge. This
sludge is typically applied as fertilizer in agricultural fields.
The microbeads then enter waterways and oceans as
runoff from the fields.
Research has shown that aquatic animals mistake
microbeads for food because they look like fish eggs. The
microbeads can become lodged in an animal's digestive
tract, causing pain and eventually death. They can also
absorb toxins in the water, which can then travel through
the food chain. in the 2010s, governments around the
world began to regulate products containing microbeads.
Many countries, including the United States, have banned
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The passage emphasizes the interconnectedness of the social and environmental effects of microbead research and development.
How do you describe how the passage illustrates at least two of the relationships that exist among science technology and society?The passage outlines two connections between science, innovation, and society. Firstly, it highlights the relationship between logical inquiry and the advancement of innovation.
A logical investigation has uncovered the negative effect of microbeads on sea-going biological systems, driving to the improvement of this innovation in individual care items.
The innovation and far-reaching utilization of microbeads as a result of logical information have had noteworthy results for the society and the environment.
Furthermore, the section shows the connection between innovation and society's prosperity. The utilization of microbeads in private consideration items appeared to be advantageous at first, as they gave shedding properties.
Notwithstanding, the adverse consequences on amphibian life and the climate have raised worries about the prosperity of society and the requirement for administrative activities.
This features the interchange between innovation, cultural qualities, and the requirement for maintainable practices.
In general, the passage emphasizes the interconnectedness of science, technology, and society by highlighting the ways in which scientific discoveries and technological advancements can affect society and the environment.
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What are the celluar activities that sustain a single cell organism through its lifetime
The cellular activities that sustain a single-cell organism through its lifetime include nutrient uptake, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and waste elimination. These processes ensure the organism's survival and allow it to carry out essential functions.
To elaborate, single-cell organisms obtain nutrients from their environment through various means, such as diffusion, active transport, or phagocytosis. Once inside the cell, these nutrients undergo metabolic processes like glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. This energy is utilised for growth, repair, and maintenance of cellular structures.
Additionally, single-cell organisms reproduce through processes like binary fission or budding, enabling them to proliferate and pass on their genetic material. Waste products generated during metabolism are eliminated through exocytosis or diffusion to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Select all that correctly apply to the human pedigree shown below.
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2
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Individual #2 is heterozygous..
The pedigree represents dominant inheritance.
Individual #3 is heterozygous.
The pedigree represents recessive inheritance.
The pedigree represents x-linked recessive inheritance.
Pedigrees are used to get inheritance pattern of a gene and to determine possible genotypes among the family members. Correct options are 1) Individual #2 is heterozygous. 4) The pedigree represents recessive inheritance.
What is a pedigree?
A Pedigree is the representation of a family's history. This graph is used to track a trait through different generations, and analyze the inheritance pattern of a particular gene and its expression.
It is a tool used to understand how genes are transmitted from the parental generation to the descendants, and what are the probabilities of inheriting them.
Pedigree interpretation.
Family members→ Individuals are represented with geometrical figures.
→ Males are squares
→ Females are circles
Trait/Phenotype→ Healthy/normal/not affected individuals are represented with empty figures
→ Affected/mutated individuals are represented with solid black figures
Generations→ Each file is represented with a roman number, indicating the Generation.
In the e xposed pedigree,
Generation I
The man is affected (black square) - Individual 1The woman is not affected (empty circle). - Individual 2The woman must be homozygous dominant, since they had all healthy children, but affected grandchildren. This means the generation II are carriers, and the affection was expressed in the third generation.
Generation II
All healthy individualsThe two daughters and the son from the previous couple are heterozygousThe man that married daughter 2 is also heterozygous. You can tell this because they had affected children (black figures). The two remaining individuals might be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.Generation III
Children from couples one a three (generation II) are all healthy individuals. They might be either heterozygous or homozygouys dominant.
Two children from the second couple (generation II) are healthy and two are affected. Solid black circles are affected individuals, while empty figures are healthy individuals.
Individual #2 is heterozygous. CORRECTThe pedigree represents dominant inheritance. INCORRECTIndividual #3 is heterozygous. INCORRECTThe pedigree represents recessive inheritance. CORRECTThe pedigree represents x-linked recessive inheritance. INCORRECTYou can learn more about pedigrees at
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Scarification is a process that scratches up the surfaces of seeds that pass through the guts of birds. A student wanted to see if scarified seeds grew better than those that were not scarified. He simulated scarification by rubbing 20 cherry seeds with sandpaper. Another set of 20 cherry seeds were left alone. The student planted each of the seeds into separate pots and gave them the same amount of water daily. The pots were placed in a location with a constant temperature of approximately 25 degrees C. The number of seeds that germinated each group was recorded daily for three weeks. Which is the control group?
Which is the experimental group?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Name at least one controlled variable?
Was quantitative or qualitative data collected?
The control group is the set of non-scarified seeds. The experimental group is the set of scarified seeds. The independent variable is scarification process. The dependent variable. is the number of seeds that germinated in each group.
Controlled variables are the amount of water supplied daily, the constant temperature of the growing environment, the type of cherry seeds used and the size of the planting pots.
Quantitative data are the daily count of the number of seeds that germinated in each group over three weeks.
The study does not have qualitative data.
Differences between dependent and independent variablesThe independent variable needs no stimulus to generate results.The dependent variable needs to be stimulated by the independent variable to generate results.A scientific experiment needs to feature all of the elements represented above to be effective and reliable. This is because these elements prove that the experiment was carried out methodically, specifically, and with care in each variable and presented data.
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The largest and most recently developed part of the brain is the:
A. midbrain
B. forebrain
C. cerebral cortex
D. corpus callosum
Answer:
c. cerebral cortex
Explanation:
The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions, such as language, memory, perception, attention, and conscious thought. It plays a crucial role in complex mental processes and is highly developed in humans compared to other animals. The cerebral cortex is divided into different lobes, including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe, each with specialized functions.
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10mg/1ml pure herring sperm diluted with 10ml sterile distilled water to C1 of 1000µg/ml. C1 Concentration of stock (1000µg/ml) V1 Volume of stock needed (µl) C2 Final Concentration (µg/ml) O 100 80 75 70 60 50 30 25 5 V2 Final volume (2,000μl) 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Volume of H₂0 required (μl) Use water as a diluent and blank Mix each standard by inversion and measure the absorbance at 260nm (A260) with a UV - compatible cuvette. Graph your standard curve. On the graph include coefficient of regression (R²) and line graph equation (Y = mx + C).
Answer:
To create a standard curve using the provided data, you will need to dilute the pure herring sperm stock solution to various concentrations. The table below shows the calculations for each dilution:C1 Concentration of Stock (µg/ml)V1 Volume of Stock Needed (µl)C2 Final Concentration (µg/ml)V2 Final Volume (µl)Volume of H₂O Required (µl)100010010002000190010008080020001920100075750200019251000707002000193010006060020001940100050500200019501000303002000197010002525020001975100055020001995To prepare each standard, you will take the corresponding volume of the stock solution and dilute it with the calculated volume of sterile distilled water. For example, to prepare the first standard with a final concentration of 1000 µg/ml, take 100 µl of the pure herring sperm stock solution and add 1900 µl of sterile distilled water.Once you have prepared each standard, you can measure the absorbance at 260nm (A260) using a UV-compatible cuvette. Record the absorbance values for each standard.To create the standard curve, plot the concentrations (C2) on the x-axis and the absorbance values (A260) on the y-axis. Fit a linear regression line to the data points. The equation of the line will be in the form Y = mx + C, where Y is the absorbance, m is the slope of the line, x is the concentration, and C is the y-intercept.Calculate the coefficient of regression (R²) to assess the linearity of the curve. The R² value ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating a perfect fit.Please note that I cannot make graph for you directly in this text-based format. You will need to input the data into a graphing software or spreadsheet program to create the graph, calculate the regression line equation, and determine the coefficient of regression (R²).