Aim
When dividing the world into zoogeographical regions, Alfred Russel Wallace stipulated a set of criteria by which regions should be determined, foremost the use of generic rather than species distributions. Yet, recent updates of Wallace's scheme have not followed his reasoning, probably explaining in part the discrepancies found. Using a recently developed quantitative method, we evaluated the world's zoogeographical regions following his criteria as closely as possible.
Location
Global.
Methods
We subjected presence–absence data from range maps of birds, mammals and amphibians to an innovative clustering algorithm, affinity propagation. We used genera as our taxonomic rank, although species and familial ranks were also assessed, to evaluate how divergence from Wallace's criteria influences the results. We also accepted Wallace's argument that bats and migratory birds should be excluded (although he was contradictory about the birds) and devised a procedure to determine the optimal number of regions to eliminate subjectivity in delimiting the number of regions.
Results
Regions attained using genera (eight for mammals and birds and six for amphibians) strongly coincided with the regions proposed by Wallace. The regions for amphibians were nearly identical to Wallace's scheme, whereas we obtained two new ‘regions’ for mammals and two for birds that largely coincide with Wallace's subregions. As argued by Wallace, there are strong reasons not to consider these as being equivalent to the six main regions. Species distributions generated many small regions related to contemporary climate and vegetation patterns, whereas at the familial rank regions were very broad. The differences between our generic maps and Wallace's all involve areas which he identified as being uncertain in his regionalization.
Main conclusions
Despite more than 135 years of additional knowledge of distributions, the shuffling of generic concepts, and the development of computers and complex analytical techniques, Wallace's zoogeographical regions appear to be no less valid than they were when he proposed them. Recent studies re‐evaluating Wallace's scheme should not be considered updates as such because they have not followed Wallace's reasoning, and all computer‐based analyses, including this one, are subject to the vagaries of the particular methods used.
Answer:
When dividing the world into zoogeographical regions, Alfred Russel Wallace stipulated a set of criteria by which regions should be determined, foremost the use of generic rather than species distributions. Yet, recent updates of Wallace's scheme have not followed his reasoning, probably explaining in part the discrepancies found. Using a recently developed quantitative method, we evaluated the world's zoogeographical regions following his criteria as closely as possible.
I know this is weird but I need this for important test please help! (Brainliest if correct!!)
The pituitary gland in a male child is malfunctioning. It signals the reproductive organs to secrete hormones too early. Based on your knowledge of the endocrine system and hormones, explain the likely impact of this on the male child?
Answer:
The glands of the endocrine system and the hormones they release affect almost every cell, organ, and function of our bodies. The pituitary also secretes hormones that signal the reproductive organs to make hormones. The pituitary gland also. In boys the male gonads, or testes (TES-teez), are in the scrotum.
Explanation:
Which is the BIGGER (less specific) group? *
A. Phylum
B. Kingdom
C. Species
Answer:
C
Explanation:
These groups, from largest to smallest are Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
lDK What this would be in but...
I have vertigo what are some phobias you have?
Answer:
Well, I have many...
Explanation:
acrophobia, astraphobia, autophobia, hemophobia (don't judge on that one T^T), cryophobia, Achluophobia, Algophobia, and... Aphenphosmphobia
Have a good day ^^
If the diploid number in a liver cell is 52, how many chromosomes are there in the egg of this organism? _________
☁️ Answer ☁️
annyeonghaseyo
Your answer is:
26.
Hope it helps.
Have a nice day noona/hyung!~￣▽￣❤️
Answer:
26
Explanation:
Hope this will help
describe everything made or modified by humans.
Question: How does carbon move between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere?
1. Explore: Use the Gizmo to create a path for carbon that begins and ends in the atmosphere. Fill in the
steps in the path below. Then, label each location with the system it represents. Finally, summarize very
briefly how the carbon atom got to that location.
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
Yes, everything made or modified by humans with the help of knowledge and education. Without knowledge it is impossible to made new things or modify it. Carbon move from atmosphere to the biosphere by the process of photosynthesis done by plants in order to produce their own food so for that reason the plants take carbondioxide from the atmosphere and change into food whereas in the breathing of organisms this carbon moves again to the atmosphere. Carbon also moves from atmosphere to hydrosphere by dissolved in ocean water and lakes and the volcanic eruption and acid rain causes exchange of carbon between atmosphere and geosphere.
The cell membrane is semi-permeable only allowing certain materials in and out of the cell?
True
False
In other words, plasma membranes are selectively permeable—they allow some substances through but not others. In passive transport, substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in a process called diffusion.
what happens with abnormal cells in our body
Answer: Cells become abnormal if their DNA which carries the instructions they need becomes damaged.
Explanation:
i took the test
What part of the endocrine system is most likely being affected?
Answer:
i think its
Pituitary Gland<
Explanation:
The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
Need answer ASAP please thanks
Answer:
rr
Explanation:
UwU
the answer is (c. rr)
i hope this helps :)
What is the omnivore(s)
Answer:
omnivores are animals that eat plants and animals
Explanation:
Answer:
Kit fox
Explanation:
Omnivores means the predator eats both plants and animals.
During which stage of interphase does the cell grow to nearly its full size? (3 points)
a
First gap
b
Second gap
c
Prophase
d
Synthesis
Answer:
A. First gap
Explanation:
Section 10.3
How does a cell control the process of cell division?
In cell division, the cell that is dividing is called the "parent" cell. Cells regulate their division by communicating with each other using chemical signals from special proteins called cyclins. These signals act like switches to tell cells when to start dividing and later when to stop dividing.
Cells control their division by communicating with each other using chemical signals from special proteins which is known as cyclins.
What is Cell division?Cell division is defined as the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells usually as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and changes its chromosomes before dividing.
A single cell divides to give rise to two cells where these two cells then divide to form four cells, and so on. This process is called "cell division" and "cell reproduction" because new cells are formed when old cells divide. This plays an important role in all living organisms which is essential for growth, repair and reproduction.
This process helps in:
Renewing of damaged cells. Production of new cells from older ones.Thus, cells control their division by communicating with each other using chemical signals from special proteins which is known as cyclins.
Learn more about Cell division, here:
https://brainly.com/question/16417681
#SPJ2
PLEASE HELP
Why is life dynamic? (This is the question for my science thesis and I'm stuck) the chapter was on: fossils, age of rocks/fossils, evolution, classification of organisms, 6 kingdoms of organisms, and dichotomous keys....
Answer:
life is dynamic because without life we can not do anything .we will be like non living things.by the life we are able to move here and there .
Please help!! Giving 15 pointsto best answer!!. What is the purpose of cell division?
A. Growth of new cells
B. Replacement of older, worn out cells
C. Used for reproduction
D. All of the above
Answer:
D
Explanation:
I'm sorry for that other answers I hate when people do that good luck! :)
Which of the following correctly compares the oxygen isotopes 16O and 18O?
How many chromosomes foes the nucleus of sperm cell contain?
Answer:
23 chromosomes
Explanation:
All normal cells have 46 chromosomes but sperm have half that number or, 23. If and when the sperm joins ups with the female's, egg (ovum) which also has 23 chromosomes, together they add up to 46 chromosomes.
Why are interactions between species so important to the survival of one or more species? Give an example. I
Answer:
Okay, this one is pretty in-depth, but it's an example none the less.
Explanation:
Take bees, plants, deer, and wolves. All of which are technically species. One is a producer, and three of them are consumers. Bees pollinate plants. The bees now have their food, and the plants are reproducing. The plants are food for the deer. The deer are eating, surviving, and reproducing. The deer are then eaten by the wolves. There ya go. Hope this helps.
If your name were a scientific name, which part would be the species?
Answer:
The first part of the name
Explanation:
The first part of the name indicates what the species belongs to.
Help me please!!!!! :((
Answer:
the answer seems to be A
PLEASE HELP I DIDN'T STUDY
Answer:
The PH at which an enzyme will function best is;
In the optimal range
Explanation:
Every enzyme has an optimal pH value which is specific for the enzyme, and where their maximum activity of the enzyme is observed, which is known as its optimal pH
When the enzyme is placed in a different pH, the enzyme activity is observed to be diminishing until the effect of the enzyme stops
This is so because, as the pH of the environment changes, the shape of the active site on the substrate to which the enzyme binds to have an effect changes and the enzyme is no longer able to effectively interact with the substrate
The enzymes in the stomach work best in the acidic environment of the stomach and have an optimal pH of 2, while the enzymes of the small intestine have an optimal pH of 7.5
read the articles, "Groundwater Use and Overuse" and "Hudson River"
1. In the simulation, what happened to the stream as the water table dropped? What will happen to the groundwater if a pollutant is added to the stream? ~
2. Predict long-term changes to the surface landscape of the area if too much water is drawn from the ground and the water table drops further. ~
Based on the cladogram shown in the
image, which group has a common
trait that all the other groups share?
Answer: I put Mammals, The victim was not stubbed.
Explanation: im not really sure about but the final answer for the presentation/assignment is "Professor Astro used a cougar attack in the kitchen"
2. In pond succession, what is the term for plants that have roots underwater and bodies above
the water?
a. Pioneer species
b. Emergent plants
c. Seeds
d. Algae
Answer:
Emergent plants begin to grow at the edges of the pond. These are plants that have their roots in and under the water and part of their body above the water.
some vitamins are mostly found in animal-based foods, while some vitamins are abundant in plant-based foods. the best source of vitamin C is ...., while ... is naturally rich in vitamin B12
Answer:
strawberries and fish
Explanation:
strawberries are a source of vitamin c annd fish is a source of vitamin b12
this is the answer on edmentum/plato
Most water enters the atmosphere through surface runoff.5. Water vapor warms as it rises. True or False
help help help help helppppp
Answer:
true
Explanation:
this is because as a gas, it needs to cool down, and cool air and humid air is lower than warmer air.
The statements "Most water enters the atmosphere through surface runoff" and "Water vapor warms as it rises" are false.
Evaporation occurs when water is converted to vapor, the amount of evaporation is controlled by the energy available at the surface and the ease with which water vapor can diffuse into the atmosphere.
From the Earth's surface, water is transferred to the atmosphere through evaporation, from surfaces of free water, snow or ice, the ground or vegetation.
Most of water comes from through evaporation of oceans, while the remaining 20% comes from water from continental regions and the transpiration of vegetation.
Condensation occurs in the atmosphere when hot air rises, cools, and its ability to store water vapor decreases.
The hot air, as it rises, cools down for two reasons:.
The air gives up heat to the surrounding masses that are at a lower temperature.As it rises, it supports less and less pressure and expands, this expansion causes its temperature to drop: it cools.In this air mass and on dust particles, the condensation of water vapor begins and the "water droplets" of the cloud are formed.
Therefore, we can conclude that the statements "Most water enters the atmosphere through surface runoff" and "Water vapor warms as it rises" are false.
Learn more here: https://brainly.com/question/1151551
Which of these best explains why mosquito populations show an exponential increase followed by a die off on a seasonal basis with a regular pattern?
Answer:
B) Mosquitoes are limited by temperature, with reproduction levels high in the spring and summer and low in the fall and winter.
Explanation:
Mosquitoes are limited by temperature, with reproduction levels high in the spring and summer and low in the fall and winter.
Answer:
B. Mosquitoes are limited by temperature, with reproduction levels high in the spring and summer and low in the fall and winter.
-Explanation:
Since mosquitoes reproduce when the temperatures are warm, their populations undergo a predictable increase in the warmer months. The first frost will kill many of the larvae and decrease the reproduction of these short-lived individuals.
Deonte’s family sees a solar panel display and considers using solar power for their home. Deonte knows that solar energy is a natural energy resource.
How do the two main kinds of natural resources compare?
A. Renewable resources cannot be replaced, while nonrenewable resources
can be replaced.
B. Renewable resources are unlimited, while nonrenewable resources are
limited.
C. Both renewable and nonrenewable resources are sustainable.
D. Renewable resources are man-made, while nonrenewable resources are
naturally occurring.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Since sun can filter to the bottom of a pond because it is shallower than a lake, what would you find at the bottom of a pond that you won't find at the bottom of a lake? A. Rocks B. Fish C. Plants D.Mud
Answer:
The correct answer is - C. Plants.
Explanation:
As we know and also given that the pond is usually smaller and shallower than a lake. Due to this reason, ponds have plants growing on the bottom of them from one side to the other as they get enough light as there is only the photic zone in ponds.
In lakes, there are various zones present and the lakes are deep and big to the ponds and the bottom of the lakes did not get sunlight. Plants require sunlight to grow and lakes are usually too deep to get the sunlight for plants to grow on the bottom.
can someone help me asap it’s effects of mutations!!!!
Answer:
Because you can also get minor things like double joints, crooked bones, crowding teeth,ect
Compare how the surface area for gas exchange is increased in gills and lungs
The gills and lungs of vertebrates are designed to have as much surface area as possible for gas exchange. A dense network of blood arteries is present on the alveoli's partitions.
What is a gas exchange?As a result, lungs maximize the area for the gaseous transition by having a wide range of alveoli that are well supplied with blood.
A portion of the lungs in humans are constructed of bronchioles, alveoli, which resemble balloons, and a network of blood capillaries that serve as the groundwork for gas exchange.
Therefore, this takes place in the lungs between the alveoli and a group of microscopic blood arteries called capillaries that are positioned inside the alveoli's borders.
Learn more about lungs, here:
https://brainly.com/question/26246712
#SPJ2