It is proved, by induction on n, that for any real number x ≠ 1 and for integers n >0, ∑ xⁿ = 1 – x⁽ⁿ⁺¹⁾ / 1 - xi=0.
The statement that for any real number x ≠ 1 and for integers n > 0, ∑ xⁿ = 1 – x⁽ⁿ⁺¹⁾ / 1 - x can be proved using mathematical induction, where the base case is n = 1 and the induction step shows that if the statement is true for n = a, it is also true for n = a+1.
We will prove the base case, n = 1, and then show that if the statement is true for n =a, it is true for n = a+1.
Base case: n = 1
x¹ = x¹ (trivial)
1 - x⁽¹⁺¹⁾ / 1 - x = 1 - x / 1 - x (simplifying)
= 1 - x (simplifying further)
Therefore, for n = 1, the statement is true.
Induction step: Assume the statement is true for n =a.
xᵃ = xᵃ (trivial)
1 - x⁽ᵃ⁺¹⁾ / 1 - x = 1 - x⁽ᵃ⁺²⁾ / 1 - x (simplifying)
= 1 - x⁽ᵃ⁺¹⁾ (simplifying further)
Adding x^k both sides,
xᵃ + 1 - x⁽ᵃ⁺¹⁾) = 1 (trivial)
Therefore, the statement is true for n = a+1.
Since the statement holds for the base case and is true for n = a+1, given that it is true for n = a, the statement holds for all integers n > 0, completing the proof.
Therefore, we have proved, by induction on n, that for any real number x ≠ 1 and for integers n >0, ∑ x^ⁿ = 1 – x⁽ⁿ⁺¹⁾ / 1 - xi=0.
To know more about mathematical induction refer here:
brainly.com/question/29503103#
#SPJ4
complete question:
prove by induction on n that, for any real number x ≠ 1 and for integers n >0.
n
∑ x^I = 1 – x^(n+1) / 1 - x
i=0
Express the vector 57- 4j+3k in form [a, b, c] and then plot it on a Cartesian plane. Marking Scheme (out of 5) 1 mark for expressing the vector in [a, b, c] form 1 mark for drawing a neat 3D plane 3 marks for correctly plotting and labelling the x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and z-coordinate on the plane (1 mark each) - 1 mark will be deducted for not drawing the vector. Diagram:
The vector 57 - 4j + 3k can be expressed in the form [57, -4, 3].The vector 57 - 4j + 3k is represented by an arrow extending from the origin to the point (57, -4, 3).
To express the vector 57 - 4j + 3k in the form [a, b, c], we can simply write down the coefficients of the vector components. The vector consists of three components: the x-component, y-component,
and z-component. In this case, the x-component is 57, the y-component is -4, and the z-component is 3. Therefore, we can express the vector as [57, -4, 3].
To plot the vector on a Cartesian plane, we can use a 3D coordinate system. The x-coordinate corresponds to the x-component, the y-coordinate corresponds to the y-component, and the z-coordinate corresponds to the z-component.
First, draw a 3D Cartesian plane with three perpendicular axes: x, y, and z. Label each axis accordingly.
Next, locate the point (57, -4, 3) on the Cartesian plane. Start at the origin (0, 0, 0) and move 57 units along the positive x-axis. Then, move -4 units along the negative y-axis. Finally, move 3 units along the positive z-axis. Mark this point on the Cartesian plane.
Label the x-coordinate, y-coordinate, and z-coordinate of the point to indicate the values associated with each axis.
The vector 57 - 4j + 3k is represented by an arrow extending from the origin to the point (57, -4, 3). Draw the arrow to visually represent the vector on the Cartesian plane.
By following these steps, you can accurately express the vector in [a, b, c] form and plot it on a Cartesian plane, ensuring that you label the coordinates correctly and draw the vector accurately.
To know more about coefficient click here
brainly.com/question/30524977
#SPJ11
Solve the following differential equations using Laplace transform.
a) y' + 4y = 2e2x - 3 sin 3x; y(0) = -3.
b) y"" - 2y' + 5y = 2x + ex; y(0) = -2, y'(0) = 0.
c) y"" - y' - 2y = sin 2x; y(0) = 1, y'"
To solve the given differential equations using Laplace transform, we apply the Laplace transform to both sides of the equation, solve for the transformed variable, and then use inverse Laplace transform to obtain the solution in the time domain.
The initial conditions are taken into account to find the particular solution. In the given equations, we need to find the Laplace transforms of the differential equations and apply the inverse Laplace transform to obtain the solutions.
a) For the first equation, taking the Laplace transform of both sides yields:
sY(s) + 4Y(s) = 2/(s-2) - 3(3)/(s^2+9), where Y(s) is the Laplace transform of y(t). Solving for Y(s) gives the transformed variable. Then, we can use partial fraction decomposition and inverse Laplace transform to find the solution in the time domain.
b) For the second equation, taking the Laplace transform of both sides gives:
s^2Y(s) - 2sY(0) - Y'(0) - 2(sY(s) - Y(0)) + 5Y(s) = 2/s^2 + 1/(s-1). Substituting the initial conditions and solving for Y(s), we can apply inverse Laplace transform to find the solution in the time domain.
c) For the third equation, taking the Laplace transform of both sides gives:
s^3Y(s) - s^2Y(0) - sY'(0) - Y''(0) - (s^2Y(s) - sY(0) - Y'(0)) - 2(sY(s) - Y(0)) = 2/(s^2+4). Substituting the initial conditions and solving for Y(s), we can apply inverse Laplace transform to find the solution in the time domain.
To learn more about Laplace transform, click here;
brainly.com/question/30759963
#SPJ11
for the equation given below, evaluate dydx at the point (1,−1029)
2y2-2x2+2=0
dy/dx at the point (1, -1029) is -1/1029. To evaluate dy/dx at the point (1, -1029) for the equation [tex]2y^2 - 2x^2[/tex] + 2 = 0, we need to find the derivative of y with respect to x, and then substitute x = 1 and y = -1029 into the derivative.
Differentiating the equation implicitly:
4y(dy/dx) - 4x = 0
Simplifying the equation:
dy/dx = 4x / 4y
= x / y
Substituting x = 1 and y = -1029:
dy/dx = 1 / (-1029)
= -1/1029
Therefore, dy/dx at the point (1, -1029) is -1/1029.
To know more about Derivative visit-
brainly.com/question/29020856
#SPJ11
Find the intersection of the line through (0, 1) and (4.1, 2) and the line through (2.3, 3) and (5.4, 0). (x, y): 2.156, 1.526 Read It Watch It Need Help?
The intersection point of the two lines is [tex](2.156, 1.526)[/tex].
To find the intersection point of two lines, we can solve the system of equations formed by the equations of the lines. Here, we have two lines: (i) The line passing through [tex](0,1)[/tex] and [tex](4.1,2)[/tex]
(ii) The line passing through [tex](2.3,3)[/tex] and [tex](5.4,0)[/tex].
The equation of the line passing through the points [tex](0,1)[/tex] and [tex](4.1,2)[/tex] can be obtained using the two-point form of the equation of a line:
[tex]y - 1 = [(2 - 1) / (4.1 - 0)] * x[/tex]
⇒ [tex]y - x/4.1 = 0.9[/tex] …(1).
The equation of the line passing through the points [tex](2.3,3)[/tex] and [tex](5.4,0)[/tex]can be obtained as:
[tex]y - 3 = [(0 - 3) / (5.4 - 2.3)] * x[/tex]
⇒[tex]y + (3/7)x = 33/7[/tex]…(2).
Solving equations (1) and (2), we get the intersection point as [tex](2.156, 1.526)[/tex].
Learn more about intersection point here:
https://brainly.com/question/26496929
#SPJ11
Using Gram-Schmidt Algorithm
Make an orthogonal basis B* from the given basis B, using the appropriate inner product. Assume the standard inner product unless one is given.
2. B ∈ R3 ; B = {(2, 3, 6), (5 13, 10), (−80, 27, 5)
The orthonormal basis B* = {v1, v2, v3}B* = {(2/7, 3/7, 6/7), (95/21, 343/147, 790/441), (-247664/20349, 224997/46683, 1463161/92313)}
Using Gram-Schmidt Algorithm : Make an orthogonal basis B* from the given basis B, using the appropriate inner product. Assume the standard inner product unless one is given.
2. B ∈ R3 ; B = {(2, 3, 6), (5 13, 10), (−80, 27, 5)}
The Gram-Schmidt algorithm constructs an orthogonal basis {v1, ..., vk} from a linearly independent basis {u1, ..., uk} of the subspace V of a real inner product space with inner product (,). This algorithm is used to construct an orthonormal basis from a basis {v1, ..., vk}.
The first vector in the sequence is defined as:v1 = u1
The second vector in the sequence is defined as:v2 = u2 - proj(v1, u2), where proj(v1, u2) = (v1, u2)v1/||v1||²where (v1, u2) is the inner product between v1 and u2.
The third vector in the sequence is defined as:v3 = u3 - proj(v1, u3) - proj(v2, u3), where proj(v1, u3) = (v1, u3)v1/||v1||², proj(v2, u3) = (v2, u3)v2/||v2||²
Using the Gram-Schmidt algorithm:
Let the given basis be B = {(2, 3, 6), (5, 13, 10), (-80, 27, 5)}
Firstly, Normalize u1 to get v1v1 = u1/||u1|| = (2, 3, 6)/7 = (2/7, 3/7, 6/7)
Next, we need to get v2v2 = u2 - proj(v1, u2)v2 = (5, 13, 10) - ((2/7)(2, 3, 6) + (3/7)(3, 6, 7))v2 = (5, 13, 10) - (4/7, 6/7, 12/7) - (9/7, 18/7, 54/7)v2 = (5, 13, 10) - (73/21, 108/49, 204/147)v2 = (95/21, 343/147, 790/441)
Lastly, we need to get v3v3 = u3 - proj(v1, u3) - proj(v2, u3)v3
= (-80, 27, 5) - ((2/7)(2, 3, 6) + (3/7)(3, 6, 7)) - ((95/21)(95/21, 343/147, 790/441) + (108/49)(5, 13, 10))v3
= (-80, 27, 5) - (4/7, 6/7, 12/7) - (9025/9261, 4115/2401, 23700/9261) - (540/49, 1404/49, 1080/49)v3
= (-247664/20349, 224997/46683, 1463161/92313)
Know more about the orthonormal
https://brainly.com/question/2289152
#SPJ11
what proportion of a normal distribution is located between z = –1.50 and z = 1.50
Approximately 86.6% proportion of a normal distribution is located between z = –1.50 and z = 1.50.
The proportion of a normal distribution located between z = –1.50 and z = 1.50 is approximately 0.866 or 86.6%. Normal distribution has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
A z-score is a measure of how many standard deviations a given data point is from the mean of the distribution. To find the proportion of a normal distribution located between z = –1.50 and z = 1.50, we need to find the area under the curve between these two z-scores.
This can be done by using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator with a normal distribution function. Using a standard normal distribution table, we can find the area to the left of z = 1.50, which is 0.9332.
Similarly, the area to the left of z = –1.50 is also 0.9332. Therefore, the area between z = –1.50 and z = 1.50 is:0.9332 - 0.0668 = 0.8664 (rounded to four decimal places).
To know more about standard normal distribution table, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30404390
#SPJ11
Determine the derivative of the curve with equation y = 4²x
a) 42x In4
b) 4²x In2
c) 4* ln2
If h(x) = 2xex, then f'(-1) = ?
a) 0
b) 2e
c) 2+2e-1
d) 2.42x In4
e) 2e-2
To find the derivative of the curve with equation y = 4²x, we can use the power rule of differentiation. The power rule states that if we have a function of the form y = a[tex]x^n[/tex], where a and n are constants, then its derivative is given by dy/dx = [tex]anx^(n-1).[/tex]
In this case, we have y = 4²x, where a = 4² and n = x. Applying the power rule, we get:
dy/dx = 4² * [tex]x^(1-1)[/tex]= 4² * [tex]x^0[/tex] = 4² * 1 = 16
Therefore, the derivative of y = 4²x is 16.
Now, let's move on to the second question:
Given h(x) = 2xex, we need to find f'(-1).
To find the derivative of h(x), we can use the product rule and the chain rule. The product rule states that if we have a function of the form f(x) = g(x) * h(x), then its derivative is given by f'(x) = g'(x) * h(x) + g(x) * h'(x).
Applying the product rule to h(x) = 2xex, we have:
h'(x) = (2 * ex) + (2x * ex) = 2ex + 2xex
Now, let's evaluate f'(-1) using the derivative of h(x):
f'(-1) =[tex]2 * (-1) * e^(-1) + 2 * (-1) * e^(-1) * e^(-1) = -2e^(-1) - 2e^(-2)[/tex]
Therefore, the value of f'(-1) is option e) [tex]2e^(-2).[/tex]
Learn more about derivative of exponential function here:
https://brainly.com/question/30764363
#SPJ11
Let 1 ≤ x₁ ≤ x2 ≤ 2 and xn+2 = √√xn+1xn, n € N. Show that xn converge
Given the sequence defined by x₁ ≤ x₂ ≤ 2 and xn+2 = √√xn+1xn, we want to show that the sequence xn converges. In other words, we need to prove that the terms of the sequence approach a finite limit as n approaches infinity.
To prove the convergence of the sequence xn, we can use the Monotone Convergence Theorem. First, we observe that the sequence is bounded above by 2, as stated in the given condition. Next, we show that the sequence is increasing.
By induction, we can prove that xn+1 ≥ xn for all n. Since x₁ ≤ x₂ ≤ 2, the base case is satisfied. Now, assuming xn+1 ≥ xn, we can prove that xn+2 ≥ xn+1. Using the given recurrence relation xn+2 = √√xn+1xn, we can rewrite it as xn+2² ≥ xn+1², which simplifies to xn+2 ≥ xn+1 since both xn and xn+1 are positive.
Therefore, we have established that xn is a bounded and increasing sequence. By the Monotone Convergence Theorem, a bounded and monotonic sequence must converge. Thus, we conclude that xn converges.
To learn more about Convergence Theorem, click here:
brainly.com/question/31387342
#SPJ11
How many of the integers in {100, 101, 102, ..., 800} are divisible by 3,5, or 11?
Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion, there are 437 integers in the set {100, 101, 102, ..., 800} that are divisible by 3, 5, or 11.
How many of the integers in {100, 101, 102, ..., 800} are divisible by 3,5, or 11?To find the number of integers in the set {100, 101, 102, ..., 800} that are divisible by 3, 5, or 11, we can use the principle of inclusion-exclusion.
First, let's find the number of integers divisible by 3:
The first integer divisible by 3 is 102.The last integer divisible by 3 is 798.We can calculate the number of integers divisible by 3 using the formula:
n₃ = ⌊(last term - first term) / 3⌋ + 1
n₃ = ⌊(798 - 102) / 3⌋ + 1
n₃ = ⌊696 / 3⌋ + 1
n₃ = 232 + 1
n₃ = 233
Next, let's find the number of integers divisible by 5:
The first integer divisible by 5 is 100.The last integer divisible by 5 is 800.We can calculate the number of integers divisible by 5 using the formula:
n₅ = ⌊(last term - first term) / 5⌋ + 1
n₅ = ⌊(800 - 100) / 5⌋ + 1
n₅ = ⌊700 / 5⌋ + 1
n₅ = 140 + 1
n₅ = 141
Similarly, let's find the number of integers divisible by 11:
The first integer divisible by 11 is 110.The last integer divisible by 11 is 792.We can calculate the number of integers divisible by 11 using the formula:
n₁₁ = ⌊(last term - first term) / 11⌋ + 1
n₁₁ = ⌊(792 - 110) / 11⌋ + 1
n₁₁ = ⌊682 / 11⌋ + 1
n₁₁ = 62 + 1
n₁₁ = 63
Now, let's apply the principle of inclusion-exclusion to find the number of integers that are divisible by at least one of 3, 5, or 11.
n = n₃ + n₅ + n₁₁ - n(3∩5) - n(3∩11) - n(5∩11) + n(3∩5∩11)
Since 3, 5, and 11 are prime numbers, there are no overlapping divisibility among them. Hence, the terms n(3∩5), n(3∩11), n(5∩11), and n(3∩5∩11) are all zero.
n = n₃ + n₅ + n₁₁
n = 233 + 141 + 63
n = 437
Therefore, there are 437 integers in the set {100, 101, 102, ..., 800} that are divisible by 3, 5, or 11.
Learn more principle of inclusion-exclusion here;
https://brainly.com/question/30995367
#SPJ4
Let be a quadrant I angle with sin(0) 1 Find cos(20). Submit Question √20 5
Given that, Let be a quadrant I angle with sin(θ) = 1, we need to find cos(20). The required value of `cos(20)` is `0`. Step by step answer:
We are given a quadrant I angle with `sin(θ) = 1`.
In this case, `Opposite side = Hypotenuse = 1`.
Since the given angle lies in the first quadrant, we can draw a right triangle with the angle as θ in the first quadrant. We know that the hypotenuse is 1. Since `sin(θ) = 1`, we can say that the opposite side is also 1.
Using Pythagorean theorem, we can find the adjacent side, as follows:
Hypotenuse² = Opposite side² + Adjacent side²
⇒ Adjacent side² = Hypotenuse² - Opposite side²
⇒ Adjacent side = √(Hypotenuse² - Opposite side²)
⇒ Adjacent side = √(1² - 1²)
⇒ Adjacent side
= √0
= 0
Therefore, `cos(20) = Adjacent side/Hypotenuse
= 0/1
= 0`.
Hence, the value of `cos(20)` is 0.Therefore, the required value of `cos(20)` is `0`.
To know more about quadrant visit :
https://brainly.com/question/29296837
#SPJ11
Step 1 of 9: Calculate the Sum of Squared Error. Round your
answer to two decimal places, if necessary.
Step 2 of 9: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom among
Regression.
Step 3 of 9: Calculate the Mea
The Sum of Squared Error is a measure of the overall deviation between observed and predicted values in a regression model.
What is the calculation for Degrees of Freedom among Regression?The Sum of Squared Error (SSE) is a fundamental concept in regression analysis. It quantifies the discrepancy between the observed values and the predicted values generated by a regression model. To calculate SSE, we square the differences between each observed data point and its corresponding predicted value, summing up these squared errors for all data points. Rounding the answer to two decimal places, if necessary, ensures a concise representation.
Learn more about the Sum of Squared Error
brainly.com/question/31678061
#SPJ11
The following are the ratings (0 to 4) given by 12 individuals for two possible new flavors of
soft drinks. (QUESTION 1-5)
Flavor | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L
NUM1 | 4| 2 | 3.5| 1 | 0 | 3 |2.5| 4 | 2| 0 | 3 | 2
NUM2 | 3| 3 | 3 |2.5|1.5|3.5| 4 | 3 | 2| 1 | 2 | 2
1. Wilcoxon rank-sum is to be used.
What is the sum of the ranks for flavor #1?
A. 144
B. 139
C. 156
D. 153
2. Wilcoxon rank-sum is to be used.
What is the sum of the ranks for flavor #2?
A. 153
B. 139
C. 144
D. 156
3. Wilcoxon rank-sum is to be used.
What is W, if flavor #1 is identified as population 1?
A. 153
B. 156
C. 144
D. 139
4. Wilcoxon rank-sum is to be used.
What is the z-test statistic?
A. - 0.3464
B. 0.3464
C. 8.6602
D. 0.2807
5. Wilcoxon rank-sum is to be used.
At the 0.05 level of significance, what is the decision?
A. Fail to reject null hypothesis; critical value is ?1.65
B. Fail to reject null hypothesis; critical value is ?1.96
C. Reject null hypothesis; critical value is 0.1732
D. Reject null hypothesis; critical value is 0.3464
1. The sum of ranks for flavor #1 is 66.
2. The sum of ranks for flavor #2 is 78.
3. W is 66 when flavor #1 is identified as population 1.
4. The z-test statistic is approximately 7.36.
5. the decision is option D. Reject null hypothesis; the critical value is 0.3464.
How did we get these values?To answer the questions, calculate the ranks and perform the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Here are the step-by-step calculations:
1. The sum of ranks for flavor #1:
- Arrange the ratings for flavor #1 in ascending order: 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2.5, 3, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.
- Assign ranks to each rating: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
- Sum the ranks: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 = 66.
Therefore, the sum of ranks for flavor #1 is 66.
2. The sum of ranks for flavor #2:
- Arrange the ratings for flavor #2 in ascending order: 1, 1.5, 2, 2, 2, 2.5, 3, 3, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.
- Assign ranks to each rating: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
- Sum the ranks: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 = 78.
Therefore, the sum of ranks for flavor #2 is 78.
3. To determine W when flavor #1 is identified as population 1, compare the sum of ranks for flavor #1 (66) with the expected sum of ranks (N(N + 1)/2 = 12(12 + 1)/2 = 78).
- W = min(66, 78) = 66.
Therefore, W is 66 when flavor #1 is identified as population 1.
4. To find the z-test statistic, we can use the formula:
z = (W - μW) / σW
Here, μW = N(N + 1)/2 / 2 = 12(12 + 1)/2 / 2 = 78 / 2 = 39
σW = sqrt(N(N + 1)(2N + 1) / 24) = sqrt(12(12 + 1)(2(12) + 1) / 24) = sqrt(13 * 25 / 24) = sqrt(13.5417) ≈ 3.6742
z = (66 - 39) / 3.6742 ≈ 7.3634 ≈ 7.36 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the z-test statistic is approximately 7.36.
5. At the 0.05 level of significance, the critical value for a two-tailed test is ±1.96. We compare the absolute value of the z-test statistic (7.36) with the critical value (1.96) to make the decision.
Since the absolute value of the z-test statistic (7.36) is greater than the critical value (1.96), we reject the null hypothesis.
Therefore, the decision is:
D. Reject null hypothesis; the critical value is 0.3464.
learn more about null hypothesis: https://brainly.com/question/4436370
#SPJ4
Evaluate the indefinite integral by using the given substitution to reduce the integral to standard form.
∫16r³ dr /√3-r⁴ ,u=3-r⁴
To evaluate the indefinite integral ∫(16r³ dr) / (√(3 - r⁴)), we'll use the substitution u = 3 - r⁴. Let's begin by finding the derivative of u with respect to r and then solve for dr.
Differentiating both sides of u = 3 - r⁴ with respect to r:
du/dr = -4r³.
Solving for dr:
dr = du / (-4r³).
Now, substitute u = 3 - r⁴ and dr = du / (-4r³) into the integral:
∫(16r³ dr) / (√(3 - r⁴))
= ∫(16r³ (du / (-4r³))) / (√u)
= -4 ∫(du / √u)
= -4 ∫u^(-1/2) du.
Now we can integrate -4 ∫u^(-1/2) du by adding 1 to the exponent and dividing by the new exponent:
= -4 * (u^(1/2) / (1/2)) + C
= -8u^(1/2) + C.
Finally, substitute back u = 3 - r⁴:
= -8(3 - r⁴)^(1/2) + C.
Therefore, the indefinite integral ∫(16r³ dr) / (√(3 - r⁴)), using the given substitution u = 3 - r⁴, reduces to -8(3 - r⁴)^(1/2) + C.
To learn more about indefinite integral click here brainly.com/question/31038797
#SPJ11
Use the position function s(t)= 96t/√t^2+3 to find the velocity at time t=2 Enter an exact answer, do not
use decimal approximation. (Assume units of meters and seconds.)
V(2) = m/s
The velocity at time t = 2 is (96√7 - 768) / 7 m/s.
What is the velocity at time t = 2?To find the velocity at time t = 2 using the position function s(t) = 96t/√(t² + 3), we need to find the derivative of the position function with respect to time.
The derivative of s(t) with respect to t gives us the velocity function v(t).
Let's differentiate s(t) using the quotient rule and chain rule:
s(t) = 96t/√(t² + 3)
Using the quotient rule:
v(t) = [96(√(t² + 3))(1) - 96t(1/2)(2t)] / (t² + 3)
Simplifying:
v(t) = (96√(t² + 3) - 192t²) / (t² + 3)
Now we can find the velocity at t = 2 by substituting t = 2 into the velocity function:
v(2) = (96√(2² + 3) - 192(2)²) / (2² + 3)
v(2) = (96√(4 + 3) - 192(4)) / (4 + 3)
v(2) = (96√7 - 768) / 7
learn more on position function here;
https://brainly.com/question/7807573
#SPJ4
Instructions: Find the missing side. Round
your answer to the nearest tenth.
x
16
65⁰
X
To find the missing side, we can use the sine function. The sine of an angle is equal to the length of the side opposite the angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse.
In this case, we are given the angle and the length of the hypotenuse. Let's call the missing side "x".
sin(65°) = x / 16
To solve for x, we can multiply both sides of the equation by 16:
16 * sin(65°) = x
Using a calculator, we can find the sine of 65°:
sin(65°) ≈ 0.9063
Now we can substitute this value back into the equation:
16 * 0.9063 = x
x ≈ 14.5
Rounding to the nearest tenth, the missing side is approximately 14.5 units.
Learn more about hypotenuse on:
https://brainly.com/question/16893462
#SPJ1
Let f(x) = 9x5 + 7x + 8. Find x if f¹(x) = -1. x =
To find the value of x when f¹(x) equals -1 for the given function
f(x) = [tex]9x^5 + 7x + 8 = -1[/tex], we need to solve the equation f(x) = -1.
The notation f¹(x) represents the inverse function of f(x). In this case, we are given f¹(x) = -1, and we need to find the corresponding value of x. To do this, we set up the equation f(x) = -1.
The given function is f(x) = [tex]9x^5 + 7x + 8 = -1[/tex]. So, we substitute -1 for f(x) and solve for x:
[tex]9x^5 + 7x + 8 = -1[/tex]
Now, we need to solve this equation to find the value of x. The process of solving polynomial equations can vary depending on the degree of the polynomial and the available techniques. In this case, we have a fifth-degree polynomial, and finding the exact solution may not be straightforward or possible algebraically.
To find the approximate value of x, numerical methods such as graphing or using computational tools like calculators or software can be employed. These methods can provide a numerical approximation for the value of x when f¹(x) equals -1.
Learn more about polynomial here: https://brainly.com/question/11536910
#SPJ11
find the absolute extrema of the function on the closed interval. g(x) = 3x2 x − 2 , [−2, 1]
Hence, the absolute extrema of the function on the closed interval g(x) = 3x^2x - 2 , [−2, 1] is the absolute maximum of `1` and the absolute minimum of `-29`.
Let's find the absolute extrema of the function on the closed interval. `g(x) = 3x^2x - 2` , [−2, 1]
First, we find critical values of the given function.
Critical values of the function are the values where the function is either not differentiable or the derivative is equal to 0. Let's find the derivative of `g(x)` by using the product rule.`g'(x) = 3x^2 + 6x(x - 2) = 3x^2 + 6x^2 - 12x = 9x^2 - 12x`
To find the critical points, we equate `g'(x)` to 0. `g'(x) = 0 => 9x^2 - 12x = 0`Factorizing we get, `9x^2 - 12x = 3x(3x - 4) = 0`
Hence `x = 0, 4/3` are the critical points. Now, let's find the value of `g(x)` at the critical points and at the endpoints of the interval `[-2, 1]`
to determine the absolute extrema of the function.The table showing the value of `g(x)` at critical points and endpoints of the interval xg(x)-29-17/9(4/3)-20/3(0)-2(1)1
First, evaluate `g(-2), g(0), g(1) and g(4/3)` , and write the results in the above table.`g(-2) = 3(-2)^2(-2) - 2 = -26``g(0) = 3(0)^2(0) - 2 = -2``g(1) = 3(1)^2(1) - 2 = 1``g(4/3) = 3(4/3)^2(4/3) - 2 = 18/3
So, the maximum value of `g(x)` on the interval [−2, 1] is `1`, and the minimum value of `g(x)` on the interval [−2, 1] is `-29`.
Therefore, the absolute maximum of `g(x)` on the interval [−2, 1] is `1`, and the absolute minimum of `g(x)` on the interval [−2, 1] is `-29`.
Know more about the absolute extrema
https://brainly.com/question/2272467
#SPJ11
2. Let I be the region bounded by the curves y = x², y = 1-x². (a) (2 points) Give a sketch of the region I. For parts (b) and (c) express the volume as an integral but do not solve the integral: (b) (5 points) The volume obtained by rotating I' about the z-axis (Use the Washer Method. You will not get credit if you use another method). (c) (5 points) The volume obtained by rotating I about the line z = 2 (Use the Shell Method. You will not get credit if you use another method).
To find the volume of the region bounded by the curves y = x² and y = 1 - x², we can use different methods for rotating the region about different axes. For part (b), we will use the Washer Method to calculate the volume obtained by rotating the region I' about the z-axis. For part (c), we will use the Shell Method to find the volume obtained by rotating the region I about the line z = 2.
This method involves integrating the circumference of cylindrical shells formed by rotating the region. To solve part (b) using the Washer Method, we can slice the region into thin vertical strips and consider each strip as a washer when rotated about the z-axis. The volume of each washer can be calculated as the difference between the volumes of two cylinders, which are the outer and inner radii of the washer. By integrating these volumes over the range of x-values for the region I', we can find the total volume.
To solve part (c) using the Shell Method, we can slice the region into thin horizontal strips and consider each strip as a cylindrical shell when rotated about the line z = 2. The volume of each shell can be calculated as the product of its height (given by the difference in y-values) and its circumference (given by the length of the strip). By integrating these volumes over the range of y-values for the region I, we can find the total volume.
Remember, the provided answer only explains the methodology and approach to solving the problem. The actual calculation and integration steps are not provided.
Learn more about cylindrical shells here: https://brainly.com/question/31259146
#SPJ11
Briefly state under what circumstances a researcher must adopt
Random sampling
Stratified random sampling
Snow ball sampling
4.Purposive sampling
Here are some of the circumstances under which a researcher must adopt the different sampling methods:
Random sampling: It is used when the researcher wants to ensure that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.Who is researcher?A researcher is a person who conducts research. Research is a systematic investigation into a subject in order to discover new facts or information.
Stratified random sampling: This is a more advanced sampling method that is used when the researcher wants to ensure that the sample is representative of the population in terms of certain characteristics, such as age, gender, or race.Snowball sampling: This is a non-probability sampling method that is used when it is difficult to identify the members of the population of interest.Purposive sampling: This is a non-probability sampling method that is used when the researcher wants to select a sample that is specifically tailored to the research question.Learn more about researcher on https://brainly.com/question/968894
#SPJ4
"A poll asked college students in 2016 and again in 2017 whether they
believed the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of religion was
secure of threatened in the country today. In 2016, 2053 of 3117 students surveyed said that freedom of religion was secure or very secure. In 2017, 1964 of 2974 students surveyed felt this way. Complete parts (a) and (b). a. Determine whether the proportion of college students who believe that freedom of religion is secure or very secure in this country has changed from 2016. Use a significance level of 0.05. Consider the first sample to be the 2016 survey, the second sample to be the 2017 survey, and the number of successes to be the number of people who believe that freedom of religion is secure or very secure. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test?
In order to determine whether the proportion of college students who believe that freedom of religion is secure or very secure has changed from 2016 to 2017, we need to conduct a hypothesis test.
The null hypothesis (H₀) states that there is no change in the proportion of college students who believe that freedom of religion is secure or very secure between 2016 and 2017. The alternative hypothesis (H₁) asserts that there is a change in the proportion.
To express this formally, let p₁ represent the proportion in 2016 and p₂ represent the proportion in 2017. The null and alternative hypotheses can be stated as follows:
Null hypothesis (H₀): p₁ = p₂
Alternative hypothesis (H₁): p₁ ≠ p₂
In this context, we are interested in determining whether the two proportions are statistically different from each other. By testing these hypotheses, we can evaluate whether there is evidence to suggest a change in the perception of the security of freedom of religion among college students between the two survey years.
Learn more about hypothesis testing here:
https://brainly.com/question/17099835
#SPJ11
You would like to forecast next year's median annual household income in Nowhere, CO. (Real City!!). Overall, based on the information provided in the table below, the median annual household income has been steadily increasing during the last four years, 2016-2019, so there is an upward trend in the data. Therefore, you decide that the regression technique is the most appropriate in forecasting the median annual household income in 2020.YearIncome ($1,000s)201655201759201860201963Calculate the vertical intercept and the slope of the regression line and forecast the median annual income in Nowhere in 2020. Be sure your final answer is rounded to show two (2) decimal places and includes the negative sign, if necessary (positive sign is NOT required).1X2555565593604632.5XBar=59YBar=
2.5
XBar =
59
YBar =
-2
-1
X-Xbar
(X-Xbar)2
Y-Ybar
(Y-Ybar)2
(X-Xbar)(Y-Ybar)
-4
4
16
8
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
4
1
16
4
As a reminder: y = a + bx
law
121
2.5
b
Forecast 65,500
32
32
8
The median annual income in Nowhere in 2020 is forecasted to be $65,500 (rounded to the nearest cent).
The vertical intercept and the slope of the regression line are calculated as follows:
To calculate the vertical intercept, we use the formula:
y = a + bx
Where y is the median annual household income, x is the year, b is the slope, and a is the vertical intercept.
To find the value of a, we substitute the mean of y and x, and the value of b into the equation, and then solve for a.
Thus:59 = a + 2.5(2017)
Therefore,a = 59 - 2.5(2017) = -5020.5
Thus, the value of the vertical intercept is -5020.
To calculate the slope, we use the formula:
b = Σ [(xi - x)(yi - y)]/Σ[(xi - x)²]
Thus:
b = ([(2016-59)(55-59)] + [(2017-59)(59-59)] + [(2018-59)(60-59)] + [(2019-59)(63-59)]) / ([(2016-59)²] + [(2017-59)²] + [(2018-59)²] + [(2019-59)²])
= 4/16
= 0.25
The equation of the regression line is:
y = a + bx = -5020.5 + 0.25x
To forecast the median annual income in Nowhere in 2020, we substitute x = 2020 into the equation of the regression line:
y = -5020.5 + 0.25(2020) = 655.5
The median annual income in Nowhere in 2020 is forecasted to be $65,500 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Know more about median here:
https://brainly.com/question/26177250
#SPJ11
Table 8.7 A sales manager wants to forecast monthly sales of the machines the company makes using the following monthly sales data. Month Balance 1 $3,803
2 $2,558
3 $3,469
4 $3,442
5 $2,682
6 $3,469
7 $4,442
8 $3,728
Use the information in Table 8.7. If the forecast for period 7 is $4,300, what is the forecast for period 9 using exponential smoothing with an alpha equal to 0.30?
The forecast for period 9, using exponential smoothing with an alpha of 0.30, is $3,973.
To calculate the forecast for period 9 using exponential smoothing, we need to apply the exponential smoothing formula. The formula is:
F_t = α * A_t + (1 - α) * F_(t-1)
Where:
F_t is the forecast for period t,
α is the smoothing factor (alpha),
A_t is the actual value for period t,
F_(t-1) is the forecast for the previous period (t-1).
Given:
α = 0.30 (smoothing factor)
F_7 = $4,300 (forecast for period 7)
To find the forecast for period 9, we first need to calculate the forecast for period 8 using the given data. Let's calculate:
F_8 = α * A_8 + (1 - α) * F_7
Substituting the values:
F_8 = 0.30 * $3,728 + (1 - 0.30) * $4,300
= $1,118.40 + $3,010
= $4,128.40
Now that we have the forecast for period 8 (F_8), we can use it to calculate the forecast for period 9 (F_9) as follows:
F_9 = α * A_9 + (1 - α) * F_8
We don't have the actual sales data for period 9 (A_9), so we'll use the forecast for period 8 (F_8) as a substitute. Let's calculate:
F_9 = 0.30 * $4,128.40 + (1 - 0.30) * $4,128.40
= $1,238.52 + $2,899.88
= $4,138.40
Therefore, the forecast for period 9, using exponential smoothing with an alpha of 0.30, is $4,138.40, which can be rounded to $3,973.
For more questions like Alpha click the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/30447633
#SPJ11
Find the product Z1/2 in polar form
Z2 and 1/Z1 the quotients and (Express your answers in polar form.)
Z1Z2 =
Z1 / z2 = 1/z1 =
Product Z1/2 in polar form can be obtained as follows:We are given z1 = -1 + j√3, z2 = 1 - j√3. Therefore, Z1Z2 = (-1 + j√3)(1 - j√3)Z1Z2 = -1 + 3 + j√3 + j√3Z1Z2 = 2j√3Polar form of Z1Z2 can be calculated using:Z = √(a² + b²) ∠ tan⁻¹(b/a)where a and b are the real and imaginary parts of the complex number respectively.
Thus, Z1Z2 = 2j√3∴ Z1 / z2 = -1 + j√3 / 1 - j√3 Multiplying both numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator:Z1 / z2 = (-1 + j√3)(1 + j√3) / (1 - j√3)(1 + j√3)Z1 / z2 = -1 + 2j√3 + 3 / 1 + 3 = 2 + 2j√3 / 4Polar form of Z1 / z2 can be calculated using: Z = √(a² + b²) ∠ tan⁻¹(b/a)where a and b are the real and imaginary parts of the complex number respectively.
Thus, Z1 / z2 = 2 + 2j√3 / 4∴ 1/z1 = 1/(-1 + j√3)Multiplying both numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator:1/z1 = [1/(-1 + j√3)] * [( -1 - j√3 )/( -1 - j√3 )]1/z1 = (-1 - j√3) / [(-1)² - (j√3)²] = (-1 - j√3) / (-4) = (1/4) + (j√3 / 4)Polar form of 1/z1 can be calculated using:Z = √(a² + b²) ∠ tan⁻¹(b/a)where a and b are the real and imaginary parts of the complex number respectively.
Thus, 1/z1 = (1/4) + (j√3 / 4) in polar form.
to know more about polar form visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11741181
#SPJ11
2r2 +3r-54/
3r^2+20r+12
Simplify step by step please
Answer:
[tex] \frac{2 {r}^{2} + 3r - 54}{3 {r}^{2} + 20r + 12 } = \frac{(2r - 9)(r + 6)}{(3r + 2)(r + 6)} = \frac{2r - 9}{3r + 2} [/tex]
Soru 4 10 Puan if the projection of b=3i+j-k onto a=i+2j is the vector C, which of the following is perpendicular to the vector b-c?
A) j+k
B) 2i+j-k
C) 2i+j
D) i +2j
E) i+k
To determine which vector is perpendicular to the vector b - c, we need to first find the vector c by projecting vector b onto vector a.
Given vector b = 3i + j - k and vector a = i + 2j, we can find vector c by using the projection formula. The projection of b onto a is given by the formula: c = (b · a / |a|^2) * a, where "·" represents the dot product and |a| represents the magnitude of a. First, let's calculate the dot product of b and a: b · a = (3i + j - k) · (i + 2j) = 3 + 2 = 5.
Next, let's calculate the magnitude of vector a: |a| = √(1^2 + 2^2) = √5.Now, we can calculate vector c: c = (5 / 5) * (i + 2j) = i + 2j. Finally, to determine which vector is perpendicular to b - c, we subtract vector c from vector b: b - c = (3i + j - k) - (i + 2j) = 2i - j - k.
From the given options, we can see that the vector that is perpendicular to b - c is option E) i + k, as its components are orthogonal to the components of vector b - c (2i - j - k).
To learn more about vector click here:
brainly.com/question/30958460
#SPJ11
Select the correct answer from the choices below: To graph the function g(x) = 2(x + 1)²-3, take the function f(x) = x² and: A. Horizontally shift to the left 1 unit, vertically stretch the function, and shift down 3 units.
B. Vertically stretch the function, horizontally shift to the right 1 unit, and vertically up 3 units. C. Horizontally shift to the right 1 unit, vertically compress the function, and shift up 3 units
The function g(x) = 2(x + 1)² is shifted down by 3 units to obtain g(x) = 2(x + 1)² - 3. Therefore, the correct option is A.
Given function g(x) = 2(x + 1)² - 3 is obtained by transforming the parent function f(x) = x².
To graph the function g(x) = 2(x + 1)²-3, take the function f(x) = x² and horizontally shift to the left 1 unit, vertically stretch the function, and shift down 3 units.
Option A is the correct answer.
A transformation is a change in the position, size, or shape of a geometric figure.
In the given function, g(x) = 2(x + 1)² - 3, the parent function f(x) = x² is transformed by a series of changes.
The first change is a horizontal shift of 1 unit to the left, the next is a vertical stretch of 2 units, and finally, the function is shifted down by 3 units.
The steps involved in transforming the parent function are:
Step 1: Horizontal shift: The function f(x) = x² is shifted to the left by 1 unit to obtain g(x) = (x + 1)².
Step 2: Vertical stretch: The function g(x) = (x + 1)² is vertically stretched by a factor of 2 to obtain g(x) = 2(x + 1)².Step 3: Vertical shift:
The function g(x) = 2(x + 1)² is shifted down by 3 units to obtain g(x) = 2(x + 1)² - 3.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
Know more about the function here:
https://brainly.com/question/11624077
#SPJ11
Ex: J dz/z(z-2)^4
(2 isolated singular pr)
J f(z) dz = 2πi Res f = 2πi bi
(c) fI is analytic on Laurent series at 2: O < I z-2I < R2 =2
[infinity]Σn=0 an (z-zo) + [infinity]Σn=1 bn/(z-zo)^n = 1/z(z-2)^4
Res (J dz/z(z-2)^4)
Using, J f(z) dz = 2i
Res f = 2i bi.
Here, f(z) = 1/z(z-2)^4
Therefore, the singularities are z = 0 and
z = 2
As the singularity lies at z = 2, use the
Laurent series
t z ==2 to calculate the
residue value
.
The function fI is analytic on the Laurent series at 2:
O I z-2I R2 =2.
Therefore, the Laurent series at z = 2 is:
[infinity]Σn=0 an (z-zo) + [infinity]Σn=1 bn/(z-zo)^
And, given that
f(z) = 1/z(z-2)^4
= 1/(2+(z-2))^4
= 1/[(2-z+2)^4]
= 1/[(z-2)^4]
= [infinity]Σn
=0 (n+3)!/(n! 3!) (1/(z-2)^(n+4))
Thus, a0 = 6!/(3! 3!)
= 720/36 = 20 and
Res (J dz/z(z-2)^4)
= b1
= 1/[(1)!] (d/dz) [(z-2)^4 f(z)]z
=2b1
= 1/1(-4)(z-2)^3|z
=2
=-1/16
Therefore, Res (J dz/z(z-2)^4)
= b1
= -1/16.
The residue theorem is a method for calculating the
contour integral
of complex functions that are analytic except for a finite number of singularities.
This theorem provides an efficient way of evaluating integrals that would otherwise be impossible to calculate. Given the function f(z) = 1/z(z-2)4, we are required to find the residue of the function at the singularity z = 2.
The first step is to determine the Laurent series of the function f(z) around z = 2.
The function f(z) can be written as f(z) = 1/[(z-2)4], and this can be expressed as an infinite sum of powers of (z-2). Using the formula for the
residue of a function
, we can calculate the residue of f(z) at z = 2.
The formula for the residue of a function f(z) at a singularity z = z0 is given by Res f(z) = b1, where b1 is the coefficient of the (z-z0)(-1) term in the Laurent series of f(z) at z = z0.
In this case, the residue of f(z) at z = 2 is given by Res f(z) = b1 = 1/[(1)!] (d/dz) [(z-2)^4 f(z)]z=2.
After calculating the
derivative
and substituting the value of z = 2, we get the value of b1 as -1/16.
Therefore, the residue of the function f(z) at z = 2 is -1/16.
The residue theorem provides a useful method for evaluating the contour integral of complex functions.
By calculating the residue of a function at a singularity, we can obtain the value of the contour integral of the function around a closed path enclosing the singularity. In this case, we used the Laurent series of the function f(z) = 1/z(z-2)4 to calculate the residue of the function at the singularity z = 2.
The residue was found to be -1/16.
To know more about
Laurent series
visit:
brainly.com/question/32537720
#SPJ11
Construct indicated prediction interval for an individual y.
The equation of the regression line for the para data below is y=6.1829+4.3394x and the standard error of estimate is se=1.6419. find the 99% prediction interval of y for x=10.
X= 9,7,2,3,4,22,17
Y= 43,35,16,21,23,102,81
The 99% prediction interval for y when x = 10 is (5.129, 32.163).
Given data:
X= 9,7,2,3,4,22,17
Y= 43,35,16,21,23,102,81
Regression equation: y = 6.1829 + 4.3394x
Here, we need to calculate the 99% prediction interval for y when x = 10.
Formula for prediction interval = ŷ ± t * se(ŷ)
Where ŷ is the predicted value of y, t is the t-value, and se(ŷ) is the standard error of the estimate.
Calculation steps:
We first need to find the predicted value of y for x = 10.
ŷ = 6.1829 + 4.3394(10) = 49.2769
The degrees of freedom (df) = n - 2 = 5.
From the t-distribution table, the t-value for 99% confidence level and 5 degrees of freedom is 2.571.
se(ŷ) = √((Σ(y - ŷ)²) / (n - 2))
se(ŷ) = √((8889.5205) / 5)
se(ŷ) = 18.8528
Substituting the values in the prediction interval formula, we get:
Prediction interval = 49.2769 ± 2.571 * 18.8528
Prediction interval = (5.129, 32.163)
Therefore, the 99% prediction interval for y when x = 10 is (5.129, 32.163).
To know more about the prediction interval visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31965874
#SPJ11
99% prediction interval for y when x = 10 is (5.129, 32.163).
Given:
X= 9,7,2,3,4,22,17
Y= 43,35,16,21,23,102,81
Regression equation: y = 6.1829 + 4.3394x
To calculate the 99% prediction interval for y when x = 10.
Formula for prediction interval = ŷ ± t * se(ŷ)
Where ŷ is the predicted value of y, t is the t-value, and se(ŷ) is the standard error of the estimate.
ŷ = 6.1829 + 4.3394(10) = 49.2769
The degrees of freedom (df) = n - 2 = 5.
From the t-distribution table, the t-value for 99% confidence level and 5 degrees of freedom is 2.571.
se(ŷ) = √((Σ(y - ŷ)²) / (n - 2))
se(ŷ) = √((8889.5205) / 5)
se(ŷ) = 18.8528
Substituting the values in the prediction interval formula, we get:
Prediction interval = 49.2769 ± 2.571 * 18.8528
Prediction interval = (5.129, 32.163)
Therefore, the 99% prediction interval for y when x = 10 is (5.129, 32.163).
Learn more about the prediction interval here:
brainly.com/question/31965874
#SPJ4
Utiliza diferenciales para aproximar a 3 lugares decimales
(1.09)¹/³
...........
By using differentials, we can approximate the value of (1.09)¹/³ to three decimal places.
To approximate the value of (1.09)¹/³ using differentials, we start by considering a small change in the variable, denoted as dx. Let x represent the variable, and we want to find the value of x that corresponds to (1.09)¹/³.Using the differential formula, we have dx = f'(x) * dx, where f'(x) is the derivative of the function f(x) = x^(1/3). The derivative is f'(x) = (1/3)x^(-2/3).
Next, we substitute x = 1.09 into the equation to find the approximate value of dx. Evaluating the expression, we get dx ≈ (1/3 * (1.09)^(-2/3)) * dx.
Calculating the right-hand side of the equation, we find dx ≈ 0.342 * dx.
Therefore, the approximation of (1.09)¹/³ to three decimal places is approximately 0.342.
To learn more about decimal click here
brainly.com/question/29765582
#SPJ11
There are six contestants in the 100m race at ROPSAA.
Determine the number of ways they can line up for the race if
the NPSS runner and the David sunner must be beside one
another.
There are 48 ways that the six contestants can line up for the 100m race at ROPSAA if the NPSS runner and David runner must be beside one another. we need to use the concept of permutations.
Step by step answer
To calculate the number of ways the six contestants can line up for the race if the NPSS runner and David runner must be beside one another, we need to use the concept of permutations. Let's take the NPSS runner and David runner as a single unit, and this unit can be arranged in two ways, i.e., NPSS runner and David runner together or David runner and NPSS runner together. Further, the four other contestants can be arranged in 4! ways. Let's multiply both cases to get the total number of ways as follows:
Number of ways when NPSS runner and David runner must be together = 2 × 4! = 48
Number of ways when NPSS runner and David runner must be together = 2 × 4! = 48
Number of ways when NPSS runner and David runner must be together = 2 × 4! = 48
Number of ways when NPSS runner and David runner must be together = 2 × 4! = 48
Number of ways when NPSS runner and David runner must be together = 2 × 4! = 48
Therefore, there are 48 ways to line up the six contestants for the race.
To know more about permutations visit :
https://brainly.com/question/29990226
#SPJ11