The given statement is True.
Product Discrimination is defined as the practice of selling an identical product at a different price to different customers for reasons other than differences in the cost of production.
This practice is considered illegal and unethical in many countries as it violates the principle of fair pricing and results in an unfair advantage for certain customers.
In other words, Product Discrimination occurs when a company charges different prices for the same product to different customers for reasons other than the cost of production.
The price discrimination is usually done on the basis of the customer’s willingness to pay, geographic location, and the type of product required.
It is considered an illegal practice in many countries and is often associated with anti-trust laws.
The main purpose of price discrimination is to maximize profits, but it can also be used to gain market share or to prevent competition.
Hence, the given statement is True.
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Product discrimination refers to the practice of selling an identical product at different prices to different customers, where price differentiation is not justified by differences in the cost of production. Hence the statement is true.
This means that the pricing strategy is based on factors other than the actual cost of making the product, such as the customer's willingness to pay, their purchasing power, or their demographic characteristics. Product discrimination can occur in various industries, including retail, hospitality, and online marketplaces.
It is often considered a form of price discrimination, where businesses aim to maximize their profits by charging different prices to different segments of customers.
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kurt lewin's model of change involves understanding the need for change, changing, and evaluating the change.
Kurt Lewin's model of change involves three main steps: understanding the need for change, making the change, and evaluating the change.
Understanding the need for change: This step involves recognizing that there is a problem or a need for improvement in a particular situation. It could be something like outdated processes, low productivity, or customer dissatisfaction. To understand the need for change, it's important to gather information, analyze data, and identify areas that require improvement.
Making the change: Once the need for change has been identified, the next step is to implement the necessary changes. This involves developing a plan, communicating it to the relevant stakeholders, and executing the plan. It may include actions such as introducing new procedures, training employees, or updating technology. It's essential to involve and engage all those affected by the change to increase acceptance and cooperation.
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a trade surplus occurs when multiple choice tariffs exceed quotas. none of the above. imports exceed exports. quotas exceed tariffs. exports exceed imports.
A trade surplus occurs when exports exceed imports. Thus, option C is the correct option.
It refers to a situation where a country sells more goods and services to other countries than it buys from them. This leads to a positive balance of trade, as the value of exports exceeds the value of imports. A trade surplus can have various implications for an economy, including increased domestic production, higher employment levels, and potential currency appreciation. Tariffs and quotas, on the other hand, are trade barriers implemented by governments to restrict imports, and they are not directly related to the concept of a trade surplus.
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Probably the correct sequence of options are:
a. imports exceed exports.
b. quotas exceed tariffs.
c. exports exceed imports.
d. none of the above.
The first quarter of the year is Owen’s favorite time. Owen Poole is a certified public accountant (CPA) and he loves the tax season. Although he understands that tax reform would be best for everyone if it simplified the process, he is glad that the idea of reform has been just talk. Owen enjoys the challenge of figuring out what deductions clients can take and how to maximize his clients’ tax refunds. Owen sees it as a battle between himself and the internal revenue service. The only thing Owen likes more than the challenge itself is winning! When Owen was earning his degree in accounting he took several electives in other business topics. One of his favorite ones was supply chain management. Owen enjoyed the big picture perspective this course emphasized. Understanding business from a broad perspective is crucial to Owen’s own business because many of his clients are businesses, not individuals. As part of his services, Owen gives advice to his business clients on how to improve their bottom line. He explains to them that he will search out every penny possible in deductions to enhance their bottom line. However, he explains that they can help themselves by implementing more effective and efficient processes within their business. Although Owen isn’t an expert in many of these processes, he understands enough to point his clients in the right direction. Since a significant portion of Owen’s clients are small businesses, often just a few years old, his advice is helpful and very welcomed. Today Owen is meeting with Van Ward. Van’s business has been growing very rap-idly. As Owen reviews Van’s financial statements he notices that Van’s profit has been decreasing slightly despite his company’s growth. Van’s financial statements tell Owen a lot. He knows that there has not been much invested in resource planning systems. Consequently, as Van’s business has grown, so have the inefficiencies. Owen decided that will be the topic for today to help Van understand the need for investment in this area.
Discussion Questions
Put yourself in Owen’s position. What questions would you ask Van to better under-stand his needs concerning resource planning?
Enterprise resource planning software is expensive. As Owen, you know that Van cannot afford to buy and implement a complete ERP system. In your opinion, what two common modules of an ERP system do you believe are the most crucial to any business? Provide a recommendation to Van, justifying your choice of the two modules for his business. How does the investment potentially benefit him?
Currently, Van is using a chase production strategy. Owen believes that this is an inefficient strategy. Do you agree with Owen? If so, what option would you recommend to Van? If you disagree with Owen, explain why Van is on the right track with his strategy.
As Owen, some questions that can be asked to Van to better understand his needs concerning resource planning are:
What is the scale of his business?
What are the areas of his business that are in need of improvement?
What are his goals for the business in the coming years?
What is his budget for resource planning?
What is the expected return on investment for the business after implementing resource planning?
Two common modules of an ERP system that are crucial to any business are:
1. Accounting module: This module helps in keeping track of all financial transactions, generating financial reports, managing accounts receivable and accounts payable, and managing payroll.
2. Inventory management module: This module helps in managing inventory levels, tracking inventory movement, forecasting demand, and managing orders. These two modules are essential for any business as they help in maintaining accurate financial records and managing inventory levels. Van can benefit from implementing these modules by gaining better control over his finances and inventory, reducing errors, and improving efficiency.
Currently, Van is using a chase production strategy, which may not be the most efficient strategy. It is an inefficient strategy because it relies on production being triggered by customer orders. This can lead to overproduction, long lead times, and stockouts. A better option for Van would be to adopt a pull production strategy. This strategy relies on production being triggered by actual demand rather than forecasts. This can help Van to reduce lead times, improve inventory management, and increase efficiency.
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it is easier to maintain a given weight after gaining and losing a large number of pounds than it is to maintain a long-term original weight.
It is easier to maintain a given weight after gaining and losing a large number of pounds than it is to maintain a long-term original weight.When it comes to maintaining weight, there are a few factors to consider.
In contrast, maintaining a long-term original weight can be more challenging. This is because individuals may have become accustomed to certain habits or routines that contributed to their initial weight gain. They may also experience less motivation since they have already achieved their desired weight. Additionally, the body's metabolism may have adjusted to the original weight, making it harder to maintain without making ongoing adjustments to diet and exercise.
In conclusion, maintaining a given weight after gaining and losing a large number of pounds can be easier due to the adoption of new habits, psychological factors, learning from mistakes, and the body's adapted metabolism. It is important to note that individual experiences may vary, and weight maintenance requires ongoing effort and commitment.
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Calculating Contribution Margin and Contribution Margin Ratiod Identilying Break.Even Polnt. Target Profit \{LO 6-1, 6-2] Reaulred: 1. Congieke tho distcente ulie lareret. Compiete this gukstien Ey entering your anmwerd in the tabs below. 4. Cakulate-Sandy Bary's breas-even poirt in units and in sales dollars: 5. Suppose 5 andy Banf wants to earn $75.000 profit this yea. Casculate the number of cances that must be sold to ochieve this target Cemplete this questien by entering yeur answers in the tabs below. 5uppose 5andy Bank seils its canoes for $550 each. Cokdate the confritubon mayin per canse and the conthbution margit Cowpleke thia questian by anterisg your answars in the taks below. E6-5 (Static) Calculating Contribution Margin and Contribution Margin Ratio; Identifying Break-Even Point, Target Profit [LO 6-1, 6-2] Sandy Bank, Inc., makes one model of wooden canoe. Partial information is given below. Required: 1. Complete the following table. 2. Suppose Sandy Bank selts its canoes for $550 eoch. Calculate the contribution margin per canoe and the contribution margin fatio. 3. This year Sandy Bank expects to sell 820 canoes. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the comparny: 4. Calculate Sandy Bank's break-even point in units and in sales dolars: 5. Suppose Sandy Bank wants to earn $75.000 profit this yene. Calculate the number of canoes that must be sold to achieve this targeti Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Complete the following table. (Round your answers to 2 decimat piaces.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Complete the following table. (Round your answers to 2 decimai places.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Suppose Sandy Bank sells its canoes for $550 each. Calculate the contributian margin per canoe and the contribution margin ratio. (Round your percentage answer to 2 decimal places. (i.e. 1234 should be entered as 1234%.)) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. This year 5 andy Bank expects to sell 820 canoes. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the company. (Round yout intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Calculate Sandy Bank's break-even point in units and in sales dollars. (Round final answers to the nearest whole number.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Suppose Sandy Bank wants to earn $75,000 profit this year. Calculate the number of canoes that must be sold to achieve this target. (Round Unit Contribution Margin to 2 decimal places. Round your answer to the nearest whole number)
Given Information:Sandy Bank, Inc., makes one model of wooden canoe. Partial information is given below.Cost per unit Fixed Cost per Year Selling price per canoe Variable cost per canoe Required:1. Complete the following table.
2. Suppose Sandy Bank sells its canoes for $550 each. Calculate the contribution margin per canoe and the contribution margin ratio.3. This year Sandy Bank expects to sell 820 canoes. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the company.4. Calculate Sandy Bank's break-even point in units and in sales dollars:
Statement:Calculation of Contribution Margin Income Statement Sales (820 x $550) $451,000 Less: Variable Costs: Variable cost per canoe (820 x $350) $287,000 Contribution Margin $164,000 Less: Fixed Costs: Fixed Cost per Year $128,000 Net Operating Income $36,0003. Calculation of Break-Even Point:Break-Even Point (Units) = Fixed Costs / Unit Contribution MarginBreak-Even Point (Units) = $128,000 / $200Break-Even Point (Units) = 640 unitsBreak-Even Point (Sales Dollars) = Selling Price per Unit × Break-even Point (Units)Break-Even Point (Sales Dollars) = $550 × 640Break-Even Point (Sales Dollars) = $352,0004.
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If the balance sheet of a firm indicates that total assets exceed long-term liabilities plus shareholders' equity, then the firm has A) number of shares outstanding. B) current liabilities. C) cash dividends. D) no retained earnings. E) no accumulated depreciation.
If the balance sheet of a firm indicates that total assets exceed long-term liabilities plus shareholders' equity, then the firm has no retained earnings.
This implies that option D) no retained earnings is the correct option.Explanation:In accounting, a balance sheet is a financial statement that lists a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a given time. It provides a snapshot of a company's financial position. The balance sheet equation is Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity. Therefore, when the total assets of a company are greater than its long-term liabilities plus shareholders' equity, the company does not have any retained earnings. Retained earnings are the company's net income after taxes and dividends, which are not paid out as dividends but are retained for future investment opportunities. Thus, a company with no retained earnings implies that it has already distributed all of its earnings in the form of dividends or is just starting up and has not earned enough to retain any earnings.
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evaluating performance and verifying inventory levels are examples of: a. leading. b. decision making. c. organizing. d. planning. e. controlling.
The correct answer is e. controlling.
Controlling involves monitoring and regulating activities to ensure they align with predetermined standards and goals.
Evaluating performance and verifying inventory levels are specific tasks within the controlling function. Performance evaluation helps assess whether operations are meeting desired targets, while verifying inventory levels ensures that they are in line with expected quantities. Controlling involves comparing actual results against established benchmarks, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions as necessary. It plays a crucial role in maintaining organizational efficiency and effectiveness by continuously monitoring and adjusting operations. Therefore, evaluating performance and verifying inventory levels are examples of controlling activities within the broader management process.
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the most important/essential results from the latest decision round that company managers need to review/study in order to guide their strategic moves and decisions to improve their company's competitiveness and overall performance on the five investor-expected performance targets in the upcoming decision round are
a. the two graphs at the bottom of p. 4 of each issue of the GSR.
b. the dividend data and credit rating data on p. 7 of each issue of the GSR.
c. the Quarterly Snapshot data in the top section of the Competitive Intelligence Report that shows each company's competitive efforts (advertising, tech support, prices, P/Q ratings, promotional activities, and so on) in each geographic region.
d. the Industry Scoreboard on p. 1 of each issue of the GLO-BUS Statistical Review (GSR).
e. the strategic group maps for each geographic region that appear in the middle of each Quarterly Snapshot page in the Competitive intelligence Report.
The most important/essential results that company managers need to review and study in order to guide their strategic moves and decisions to improve their company's competitiveness and overall performance on the five investor-expected performance targets in the upcoming decision round are:
The two graphs at the bottom of page 4 of each issue of the GSR (GLO-BUS Statistical Review). By analyzing these graphs, managers can identify trends and make informed decisions.Dividend data shows the company's distribution of profits to shareholders, while credit rating data indicates the company's financial stability and ability to meet its financial obligations.Analyzing this data helps managers understand their position in the market and make adjustments to improve their competitiveness.
The Industry Scoreboard on page 1 of each issue of the GSR. The Industry Scoreboard provides an overview of the industry's performance, including key metrics such as market share, sales growth, and profitability.The strategic group maps for each geographic region that appear in the middle of each Quarterly Snapshot page in the Competitive Intelligence Report.Understanding the position of the company's strategic group in relation to competitors can guide managers in making decisions to gain a competitive advantage.
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When a multinational wants foreign exchange for a limited time, it should use the ____ to avoid risk.
Group of answer choices
currency swap
buy at a premium
forward market
spot market
When a multinational wants foreign exchange for a limited time, it should use the currency swap to avoid risk.
1. Currency Swap: A currency swap is a financial arrangement between two parties where they agree to exchange a specific amount of one currency for an equivalent amount of another currency. In this case, when a multinational requires foreign exchange for a limited time, it can enter into a currency swap agreement to mitigate risk.
2. Risk Mitigation: By utilizing a currency swap, the multinational can effectively manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. The agreement allows the multinational to exchange the needed foreign currency for its domestic currency at an agreed-upon exchange rate.
3. Limited Time Period: Since the multinational requires foreign exchange for a specific duration, a currency swap is suitable as it provides a fixed exchange rate for the duration of the agreement. This eliminates the risk associated with potential currency fluctuations in the spot market or forward market.
4. Avoiding Spot Market and Forward Market Risks: The spot market involves the immediate exchange of currencies at the prevailing exchange rate, which can be subject to volatility.
The forward market allows parties to agree on an exchange rate today for a future date, but it still carries the risk of market fluctuations. By opting for a currency swap, the multinational can bypass these risks and ensure stability in the foreign exchange rate during the required time period.
5. Flexibility and Customization: Currency swap agreements can be tailored to meet the specific needs of the multinational, including the amount of currency exchanged and the duration of the swap. This flexibility adds an extra layer of risk management for the multinational.
In summary, when a multinational corporation needs foreign exchange for a limited time, it should utilize a currency swap to avoid risks associated with spot market volatility and forward market fluctuations.
A currency swap provides stability and certainty by offering a fixed exchange rate for the agreed-upon duration, effectively managing the multinational's exposure to foreign exchange risks.
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assume you are in the 24 percent tax bracket and purchase a 5.80 percent, tax-exempt municipal bond. calculate the taxable equivalent yield for this investment using the formula
The taxable equivalent yield for the tax-exempt municipal bond, assuming a 24% tax bracket, is approximately 7.632%.
To calculate the taxable equivalent yield for a tax-exempt municipal bond, you can use the following formula:
Taxable Equivalent Yield = Tax-Exempt Yield / (1 - Tax Rate)
In this case, the tax-exempt yield is 5.80%, and the tax rate is 24%.
Taxable Equivalent Yield = 5.80% / (1 - 0.24)
First, let's calculate 1 - 0.24:
1 - 0.24 = 0.76
Now, divide the tax-exempt yield by the result:
Taxable Equivalent Yield = 5.80% / 0.76
Taxable Equivalent Yield ≈ 7.632%
Therefore, the taxable equivalent yield for the tax-exempt municipal bond, assuming a 24% tax bracket, is approximately 7.632%.
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(Selling or Buying a Loan) On November 12, 2007, a borrower closes on a loan for $176,000 at 6.25% per annum compounded daily. Repayment of the loan's maturity value (principal plus interest) is due in full on April 15, 2008. Suppose that the fine print of the original loan stipulated that the lender can sell the loan on the condition that the interest rate and maturity date remain the same. The lender sells the loan to another lender on January 5, 2008. The new lender agrees to purchase the debt for the present value of the maturity value at 10% per annum compounded daily. Assume that interest compounds daily and the borrower does not default on the loan. Use Banker's Rule when solving the following: a) What is the maturity value of the loan? b) What will the first lender receive for selling the loan? Is any profit made by the first lender? c) What profit will the second lender make on the loan's maturity date if the conditions of the original loan are unchanged? d) Though the original interest rate and maturity date are unchanged, the second lender is not prevented from reissuing the loan with a new start date set as the loan's purchase date and with the new loan's principal set as the value of the loan on the purchase date. Does the second lender make more profit by resetting the loan in this way? Explain.
In this scenario, a borrower takes a loan of $176,000 at an interest rate of 6.25% per annum compounded daily, with repayment due on April 15, 2008. The lender sells the loan to another lender on January 5, 2008, at a present value based on a 10% per annum compounded daily rate. Banker's Rule is used for calculations.
a) To determine the maturity value of the loan, we calculate the amount using the original loan terms: Maturity Value = Principal + Interest. Using the formula for compound interest, we find the interest accrued from November 12, 2007, to April 15, 2008. The maturity value is the sum of the principal and accrued interest.
b) The first lender receives the present value of the maturity value on January 5, 2008. The present value is calculated using the discount rate of 10% compounded daily. If the present value is higher than the original loan principal, the first lender makes a profit.
c) On the loan's maturity date, the second lender will receive the full maturity value, which remains unchanged from the original loan terms. The profit for the second lender is the difference between the maturity value and the present value paid to acquire the loan.
d) If the second lender reissues the loan with a new start date (January 5, 2008) and a principal equal to the purchase price, the profit would depend on the interest rate and repayment period of the new loan. By resetting the loan, the second lender may potentially earn more profit if the new terms are more favorable than the original loan terms. However, this will vary based on the specific interest rate and repayment conditions set by the second lender.
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In this scenario, a borrower takes a loan of $176,000 at an interest rate of 6.25% per annum compounded daily, with repayment due on April 15, 2008. The lender sells the loan to another lender on January 5, 2008, at a present value based on a 10% per annum compounded daily rate. Banker's Rule is used for calculations.
a) To determine the maturity value of the loan, we calculate the amount using the original loan terms: Maturity Value = Principal + Interest. Using the formula for compound interest, we find the interest accrued from November 12, 2007, to April 15, 2008. The maturity value is the sum of the principal and accrued interest.
b) The first lender receives the present value of the maturity value on January 5, 2008. The present value is calculated using the discount rate of 10% compounded daily. If the present value is higher than the original loan principal, the first lender makes a profit.
c) On the loan's maturity date, the second lender will receive the full maturity value, which remains unchanged from the original loan terms. The profit for the second lender is the difference between the maturity value and the present value paid to acquire the loan.
d) If the second lender reissues the loan with a new start date (January 5, 2008) and a principal equal to the purchase price, the profit would depend on the interest rate and repayment period of the new loan. By resetting the loan, the second lender may potentially earn more profit if the new terms are more favorable than the original loan terms. However, this will vary based on the specific interest rate and repayment conditions set by the second lender.
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What can you assume about an investor whose diversified portfolio of stocks yielded 25% when the market portfolio yielded 15%?
Select one:
a. Treasury bills are offering a 10% yield.
b. The portfolio beta is greater than 1.0.
c. The portfolio beta equals 1.67.
d. The investor's portfolio contains many defensive stocks.
If the diversified portfolio of stocks yielded 25% when the market portfolio yielded 15%, an investor whose diversified portfolio of stocks yielded 25% when the market portfolio yielded 15% can be assumed to have a portfolio beta greater than 1.0.
Portfolio beta is the measurement of how a portfolio moves with respect to the market. A beta value of more than 1.0 indicates that the portfolio is more volatile than the market, while a value of less than 1.0 indicates that the portfolio is less volatile than the market.
This is because beta is used to determine an investment's systematic risk relative to the overall market. It indicates the degree of risk of the portfolio to fluctuations in the market.
If the portfolio beta is greater than 1.0, the portfolio is more volatile than the market and will gain or lose more than the market when the market goes up or down.
Defensive stocks are stocks that offer stable returns and are less volatile than the market as a whole. Therefore, it is unlikely that the investor's portfolio contains many defensive stocks.
Treasury bills offering a 10% yield is not a correct assumption since Treasury bills offer risk-free returns and are not correlated with the stock market.
The portfolio beta being 1.67 is also not a correct assumption since the beta of the market is 1.0 and the market portfolio yielded 15%. A beta of 1.67 implies a much higher market return than what was observed. Therefore, the correct answer is option B: The portfolio beta is greater than 1.0.
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a patent holder should mark its product as patented in order to achieve the fullest protections. each of the following is an acceptable means of marking the product except:
The acceptable means of marking the product is not marking it at all. While it is generally recommended for a patent holder to mark their product as patented to achieve the fullest protections, there is an exception where not marking the product at all is an acceptable means.
This exception is known as "virtual marking."Virtual marking refers to the practice of providing online or digital notice of a patent on a product rather than physically marking the product itself. It involves displaying the word "patent" or the abbreviation "pat." followed by the patent number on the product's website or in the product's documentation.Virtual marking allows patent holders to easily update patent information without the need to physically mark each product.
It is particularly useful for companies that produce a large volume of products or frequently update their patents. However, it is important to note that virtual marking is only acceptable if the patent holder provides a clear and easily accessible means of identifying the patented product online or in documentation.In summary, while marking a product as patented is generally recommended, an acceptable means of marking the product is not marking it at all and instead utilizing virtual marking.
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Crisp Cookware's common stock is expected to pay a dividend of $3 a share at the end of this year (D 1
=$3.00); its beta is 0.9. The risk-free rate is 4.7% and the market risk premium is 5%. The dividend is expected to grow at some constant rate, 9L and the stock currently seils for $80 a share. Assuming the market is in equilibrium, what does the market believe will be the stock's price at the end of 3 years (i.e. what is P
^
3
) ? Do not round intermediate caiculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
The market believes that the stock's price at the end of 3 years will be $488 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Given data:
Dividend at the end of this year D1 = $3.00
Beta = 0.9
Risk-free rate = 4.7%
Market risk premium = 5%
Constant rate = g
= 9%
Stock's current price = $80 a share
The cost of equity is given by
CAPM = Rf + β(Rm - Rf)
CAPM = 4.7% + 0.9(5%)
CAPM = 9.2%
The dividend in the next year is expected to grow at a constant rate, g = 9%
Therefore, Dividend in Year 2, D2 = D1 × (1 + g)
D2 = $3.00 × (1 + 9%)
D2 = $3.27T
he dividend in Year 3, D3 = D2 × (1 + g)
D3 = $3.27 × (1 + 9%)
D3 = $3.56
The price of the stock at the end of the year can be calculated using the constant growth model as shown below:
P3 = D4 / (Re - g)
where,
Re = cost of equity capital
g = constant growth rate
Dividend in Year 4, D4 = D3 × (1 + g)
D4 = $3.56 × (1 + 9%)
D4 = $3.88
P3 = D4 / (Re - g)
P3 = $3.88 / (9.2% - 9%)
P3 = $488
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according to the CAGE distance network, the letter "E" stands for
The CAGE Distance Framework helps international businesses to choose which country to expand to by identifying the differences between countries. It stands for Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, and Economic.
Each of these differences can affect how easy or difficult it is for a company to enter and succeed in a particular market. So, the letter "E" in CAGE distance network stands for "Economic." Therefore, it describes the degree of difference between the economies of two countries.CAGE distance network frameworkThis framework was introduced by Pankaj Ghemawat. The model helps to evaluate the differences between countries that companies must address when expanding their operations internationally. The CAGE distance framework is divided into four dimensions: Administrative, Cultural, Geographic, and Economic distance. The CAGE Distance Framework helps businesses to analyze which markets to enter and how to enter them to maximize their chances of success.
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Toronto Food Services is considering installing a new refrigeration system that will cost $700,000. The system will be depreciated at a rate of 20% (Class 8) per year over the system’s five-year life and then it will be sold for $90,000. The new system will save $250,000 per year in pre-tax operating costs. An initial investment of $70,000 will have to be made in working capital. The tax rate is 35% and the discount rate is 10%. Calculate the NPV of the new refrigeration system. show all calculations
NPV is the acronym for "Net Present Value." The net present value is the difference between the current value of cash inflows and outflows in a business. NPV is a simple way to determine whether an investment is worth the expense in today's dollars. By calculating the total cash inflows and outflows of an investment, you may figure out if it is worth the money.
The calculation of NPV is expressed in dollars.Here, the required data for calculating the NPV of the new refrigeration system is given as follows:Cost of new refrigeration system = $700,000Depreciation rate = 20% (Class 8)Pre-tax savings from new system per year = $250,000Initial investment in working capital = $70,000Tax rate = 35%Discount rate = 10%Now, the depreciation rate of the new refrigeration system is:Depreciation Rate = 20% (Class 8)Depreciation of the system = Depreciation Rate * Cost of new system Depreciation of the system = 20% * $700,000 = $140,000The cash flow in the fifth year will be the purchase price plus the after-tax salvage value of the refrigeration system.
Cash flow in fifth year = ($90,000 * (1 - 0.35)) + $90,000 = $130,500The annual cash flow from the new refrigeration system is given by:Annual cash flow = Pre-tax savings from new system per year – Depreciation Annual cash flow = $250,000 - $140,000 Annual cash flow = $110,000Let's now calculate the net cash flow for all the years.Year Cash Flow 0 -770,000 1 40,000 2 40,000 3 40,000 4 40,000 5 170,500Now, we can calculate the NPV using the formula:NPV = -Initial Outlay + PV of cash flowsNPV = -$770,000 + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^1) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^2) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^3) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^4) + (170,500 / (1 + 0.1)^5)NPV = -$770,000 + $31,168.51 + $28,335.92 + $25,759.93 + $23,422.66 + $103,345.59NPV = $41,972.61Therefore, the NPV of the new refrigeration system is $41,972.61.
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suppose domino's wants to open a new restaurant. what are some secondary sources of information that might be used to conduct research on potential new locations?
The secondary sources of information for researching potential new locations for a Domino's restaurant include published reports/articles, census data, online reviews, local government agencies, and economic development agencies.
When Domino's decides to open a new restaurant, there are several secondary sources of information that can be used to conduct research on potential new locations. Secondary data refers to information that has already been gathered, researched, and published. This data can be found in a variety of sources including books, newspapers, trade journals, government agencies, and more.
Here are some secondary sources of information that can be used for research on potential new locations for a Domino's restaurant:
Published reports and articles: There are several industry reports, white papers, and articles published about restaurant trends, market analysis, and demographics that can provide valuable insights on potential new locations.
Census data: Census data can be an excellent source of demographic data on a potential location, including population size, age, gender, income, education level, and other important factors for a restaurant's target market.
Online reviews: Online reviews from customers can provide useful information on the type of food that people like, the type of service they expect, and the ambiance that they look for when they visit a restaurant.
Local government agencies: Local government agencies can provide information about zoning laws, construction regulations, permits, and licenses required for a new restaurant.
Economic development agencies: Economic development agencies can provide information on business incentives and tax breaks offered to new businesses in the area.
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Discuss the similarities and differences between the two in terms of their causes and impacts on the economies of the two countries and on the global economy. Discuss the similarities and differences in the solutions that were implemented to end the crises. In what ways, if any, does the current situation in Turkey and its currency, the Turkish Lira, resemble that of Asia or Mexico?
The Asian financial crisis was triggered by the devaluation of the Thai baht, while the Mexican peso crisis was caused by a sudden increase in U.S. interest rates and the devaluation of the peso. Both crises had a significant impact on their respective economies and the global economy, resulting in a sharp decline in GDP and employment.
The Asian financial crisis and the Mexican peso crisis were two of the most significant financial crises of the 1990s. The Asian financial crisis began in July 1997 when the Thai baht was devalued, causing a contagion effect that spread to other Southeast Asian countries. The Mexican peso crisis, on the other hand, was caused by a sudden increase in U.S. interest rates and the devaluation of the peso.
Both crises had a significant impact on their respective economies and the global economy. The Asian financial crisis resulted in a sharp decline in GDP and employment in many Asian countries, while the Mexican peso crisis led to a recession in Mexico and a decrease in economic growth in the United States.
The solutions implemented to end the crises were different. In the case of the Asian financial crisis, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) provided financial assistance to the affected countries in exchange for economic reforms. The Mexican peso crisis was resolved through a $50 billion bailout package from the U.S. government, the IMF, and the Bank of International Settlements.
In terms of the current situation in Turkey and its currency, the Turkish Lira, there are some similarities to the Asian financial crisis and the Mexican peso crisis.
Turkey is currently experiencing a currency crisis due to a combination of factors, including high inflation, political instability, and tensions with the United States. Like the Asian and Mexican crises, the Turkish crisis has had a significant impact on the country's economy, with a sharp decline in GDP and high unemployment.
In conclusion, the Asian financial crisis and the Mexican peso crisis were two of the most significant financial crises of the 1990s, with many similarities and differences in their causes, impacts, and solutions.
Both crises had a significant impact on their respective economies and the global economy, resulting in a sharp decline in GDP and employment. However, the solutions implemented to end the crises were different.
The Asian financial crisis was resolved through financial assistance and economic reforms from the IMF, while the Mexican peso crisis was resolved through a bailout package.
The current situation in Turkey and its currency, the Turkish Lira, is similar to the Asian and Mexican crises in terms of its impact on the country's economy and the global economy. However, the solutions to end the crisis are still uncertain.
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home restoration reports net sales of $70,000. if sales returns and allowances are $13,000 and sales discounts are $2,500, what are gross sales?
The gross sales are $85,500. To calculate the gross sales-
we need to subtract the sales returns and allowances and the sales discounts from the net sales. Net Sales = $70,000 Sales Returns and Allowances = $13,000 Sales Discounts = $2,500 Gross Sales = Net Sales - Sales Returns and Allowances - Sales Discount = $70,000 - $13,000 - $2,500 = $85,500. Thus, the gross sales amount is $85,500.
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What is does the "spot price" refer to? The price at which a long position can buy (for calls) the asset. The actual price of an underlying asset. The value of an option (premium). The strike price at the expiration of an option.
The "spot price" refers to the actual price of an underlying asset. In commodities trading, the spot price refers to the price of a commodity that is available for immediate delivery, while in currency trading, the spot price refers to the price of a currency that is available for immediate delivery.
As a result, the spot price is an important consideration for investors who are looking to buy or sell an asset immediately. It can be influenced by a variety of factors, including supply and demand, economic data, geopolitical events, and market sentiment.
In financial derivatives trading, the spot price is often used as a reference point for determining the value of options and other financial instruments. In general, options become more valuable as the difference between the spot price and the strike price increases.
Therefore, the spot price can play a significant role in determining the value of an option or other financial instrument.
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Barbourry Ltd is a small manufacturer based in Sunderland, which manufactures and sells clothes mainly for the export market but which also retails from its own locally based shop. Hannah, aged 28, took up employment with Barbourry Ltd as the shop’s part-time assistant manager on a job-share basis with her colleague Karen from 1st January 2020. Hannah became its full-time manager on 1st January 2021. Apart from normal holiday entitlement Hannah has only one other period of absence on her record during this period, specifically a five-day absence due to illness. On 1st January 2022, the company formally notified Hannah that her services were no longer required following the planned closure of the shop so that the company can concentrate on its export commitments. The notice specified that Hannah would not receive any recompense for the loss of her employment but she could if she wished take up an alternative post as a packer on the distribution line at a much-reduced salary.
Hannah had only one other period of absence on her record during this period, specifically a five-day absence due to illness.
Barbourry Ltd is a small manufacturer based in Sunderland, which manufactures and sells clothes mainly for the export market but which also retails from its own locally based shop.
Hannah aged 28, took up employment with Barbourry Ltd as the shop’s part-time assistant manager on a job-share basis with her colleague Karen from 1st January 2020 and became its full-time manager on 1st January 2021.
On 1st January 2022, the company formally notified Hannah that her services were no longer required following the planned closure of the shop so that the company can concentrate on its export commitments.
The notice specified that Hannah would not receive any recompense for the loss of her employment but she could if she wished take up an alternative post as a packer on the distribution line at a much-reduced salary.
Hannah had only one other period of absence on her record during this period, specifically a five-day absence due to illness.
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which of the following categories includes the abilities to listen, understand, and build relationships with others?
The category that includes the ability to listen, understand, and build relationships with others is interpersonal skills.
Interpersonal skills refer to the abilities and qualities that enable individuals to effectively interact and communicate with others. These skills play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining relationships, collaborating with team members, and fostering positive connections in personal and professional settings. Listening is a fundamental interpersonal skill that involves actively paying attention to others, understanding their messages, and responding appropriately. It demonstrates respect, empathy, and the willingness to understand different perspectives. Understanding, another interpersonal skill, involves the capacity to comprehend and interpret information, emotions, and needs of others accurately. It requires empathy, perspective-taking, and the ability to put oneself in others' shoes.
Building relationships is a key aspect of interpersonal skills, which involves forming connections, establishing rapport, and nurturing positive interactions with individuals or groups. It encompasses elements such as effective communication, trust-building, collaboration, conflict resolution, and the ability to adapt to diverse personalities and cultural backgrounds.
Overall, interpersonal skills are essential for effective communication, relationship building, teamwork, leadership, and overall success in various personal and professional contexts. These skills enable individuals to connect with others, foster understanding, and build harmonious and productive relationships.
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the u.s. bureau of labor statistics also collects monthly information on the prices of about items to compute the consumer price index (cpi).listen to the complete question
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics collects monthly data on the prices of around 80,000 goods and services from over 23,000 retail and service businesses across the United States.
This data is used to calculate the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is a measure of the average change in prices of goods and services over time. The CPI is one of the most widely used measures of inflation and is used by policymakers, businesses, and individuals to track changes in the cost of living.
The CPI is calculated by comparing the current price of a basket of goods and services to the price of the same basket of goods and services in a base period. The base period is a time period that is chosen as a reference point and has an index value of 100. The CPI for any other period is calculated by dividing the cost of the basket of goods and services in the current period by the cost of the same basket of goods and services in the base period, and then multiplying the result by 100.
The basket of goods and services that is used to calculate the CPI is designed to reflect the spending patterns of the average consumer. The items in the basket are grouped into eight categories: food and beverages, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education and communication, and other goods and services.
The CPI is an important indicator of inflation because it provides a measure of how much the average consumer is paying for goods and services. This information can be used by policymakers to set monetary policy, businesses to plan their production and pricing strategies, and individuals to make decisions about their spending and investment choices.
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What is the first step you should take if you realize that you are not going to be able to make a debt payment? Contact a Licensed Insolvency Trustee Contact the creditor and see if they can work with you to come up with some payment alternatives. Declare bankruptcy File a consumer proposal with the creditor to reduce the debt
If you realize that you are unable to make a debt payment, the first step you should take is to contact the creditor and discuss your situation with them.
It's important to communicate with your creditor as soon as possible to explain your financial difficulties and explore potential alternatives.
When you contact the creditor, you can explain your current financial situation and express your inability to make the scheduled payment.
In some cases, the creditor may be willing to work with you to develop a modified payment plan, offer a temporary payment deferral, or provide other alternatives that can help you manage your debt.
It's generally advisable to try resolving the issue directly with the creditor before considering more drastic measures such as declaring bankruptcy or filing a consumer proposal.
These options should typically be considered as a last resort when all other possibilities have been explored and are not feasible.
If you find it challenging to negotiate with your creditor or your financial situation is more complex, you may consider seeking professional advice from a Licensed Insolvency Trustee (formerly known as a bankruptcy trustee).
They are licensed professionals who can provide guidance and help you explore all available options, including bankruptcy or a consumer proposal, based on your specific circumstances.
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benson electronics reports net income of $520,000. depreciation expense is $37,000, accounts receivable increases $11,000, and accounts payable decreases $17,000. calculate net cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method. (amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)
The net cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method is $563,000. This indicates the amount of cash generated or used by the company's core operations during the period, after accounting for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital.
To calculate the net cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method, we need to consider the changes in non-cash items and adjustments to net income. Here's how you can calculate it:
1. Start with the net income of $520,000.
2. Add back the depreciation expense of $37,000 since it is a non-cash expense. This is because depreciation is an accounting entry that reduces the value of an asset over its useful life.
3. Adjust for the increase in accounts receivable of $11,000. An increase in accounts receivable means that less cash was received from customers during the period, so it needs to be subtracted.
4. Adjust for the decrease in accounts payable of $17,000. A decrease in accounts payable means that more cash was paid to suppliers during the period, so it needs to be added.
5. Sum up all the adjustments:
- Depreciation expense: +$37,000
- Increase in accounts receivable: -$11,000
- Decrease in accounts payable: +$17,000
6. Calculate the net cash flows from operating activities by adding the adjustments to the net income:
$520,000 + $37,000 - $11,000 + $17,000 = $563,000
Therefore, the net cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method is $563,000. This indicates the amount of cash generated or used by the company's core operations during the period, after accounting for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital.
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Lou Barlow, a divisional manager for Sage Company, has an opportunity to manufacture and sell one of two new products for a five-year period. His annual pay raises are determined by his division’s return on investment (ROI), which has exceeded 23% each of the last three years. He has computed the cost and revenue estimates for each product as follows:
Product A Product B
Initial investment: Cost of equipment (zero salvage value) $ 310,000 $ 510,000
Annual revenues and costs: Sales revenues $ 360,000 $ 460,000
Variable expenses $ 164,000 $ 214,000
Depreciation expense $ 62,000 $ 102,000
Fixed out-of-pocket operating costs $ 81,000 $ 65,000
The company’s discount rate is 18%.
1. Calculate the payback period for each product.
2. Calculate the net present value for each product.
3. Calculate the internal rate of return for each product.
4. Calculate the project profitability index for each product.
5. Calculate the simple rate of return for each product.
Product A has a shorter payback period, positive NPV, higher IRR, higher PPI, and higher SRR, making it the better choice.
1. The payback period is the length of time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered. To calculate the payback period, we sum up the annual cash flows until the total becomes equal to or exceeds the initial investment.
For Product A:
Payback period = $310,000 / ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) = 2.07 years
For Product B:
Payback period = $510,000 / ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) = 2.44 years
2. Net present value (NPV) represents the present value of cash inflows minus the present value of cash outflows. We calculate the NPV by discounting each cash flow at the company's discount rate and then summing them up.
For Product A:
NPV = ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / (1 + 0.18) + ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / (1 + 0.18)^2 + ... - $310,000 = $32,504.59
For Product B:
NPV = ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / (1 + 0.18) + ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / (1 + 0.18)^2 + ... - $510,000 = -$72,746.84
3. The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the NPV of a project equal to zero. It represents the project's rate of return.
For Product A:
IRR = 31.19%
For Product B:
IRR = 15.47%
4. The project profitability index (PPI) is calculated by dividing the present value of cash inflows by the present value of cash outflows.
For Product A:
PPI = ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / $310,000 = 1.10
For Product B:
PPI = ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / $510,000 = 0.95
5. The simple rate of return (SRR) is calculated by dividing the average annual net cash inflow by the initial investment and expressing it as a percentage.
For Product A:
SRR = (($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / 5) / $310,000 = 6.87%
For Product B:
SRR = (($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / 5) / $510,000 = 5.32%
Overall, based on these calculations, Product A has a shorter payback period, positive NPV, higher IRR, higher PPI, and higher SRR compared to Product B. Therefore, Product A appears to be the more favorable option.
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Donner Company is selling a plece of land adjacent to its business premises, An appraisal reported the market value of the land to be $218,269. The Focus Company initialy offered to buy the land for $178,411. The companies setbed on a purchase price of $213,307, On the same day, another piece of iand on the same block sold for 3237,908. Under the cost concept, at what amount should the land be recorded in the accounting records of Focus Company? a. 5737,008 b. $218π20 c. 3213,397 d. \$178.411
Donner Company is selling a piece of land adjacent to its business premises. An appraisal reported the market value of the land to be $218,269.
The Focus Company initially offered to buy the land for $178,411.
The companies settled on a purchase price of $213,307. On the same day, another piece of land on the same block sold for 3237,908.
Under the cost concept, the land should be recorded in the accounting records of Focus Company at the amount at which it was purchased, i.e., $213,307.
Although another piece of land on the same block was sold for $237,908 on the same day, that transaction doesn't relate to the cost of the land purchased by the Focus Company.
A cost concept is an accounting concept that is applied to the records of business organizations and assets.
The cost concept establishes that assets should be recorded at the price at which they were purchased.
Any subsequent rise in their value cannot be recorded in the books.
Likewise, if the value of an asset falls, it is not to be written off, as that is not permissible under the cost concept.
Thus, under the cost concept, the amount at which the land should be recorded in the accounting records of Focus Company is $213,307. Option C is the correct answer.
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The "first-order derivative" on a bond’s percentage price change
given a change in yield-to-maturity can be best described as:
a. Macaulay duration.
b. convexity.
c. DV01
d. modified duration.
The "first-order derivative" on a bond's percentage price change given a change in yield-to-maturity can best be described as DV01.
DV01 is the dollar value change in a bond for a 1 basis point (0.01%) change in yield. DV01 is also known as the dollar duration or the price value of a basis point (PVBP). DV01 is the first derivative of bond price with respect to yield. The modified duration is the bond's first derivative of bond price with respect to yield divided by the bond's price and is expressed as a percentage. Macaulay duration and modified duration are two popular measures of the interest rate sensitivity of a bond. Convexity, on the other hand, is the second derivative of bond price with respect to yield and represents the curvature of the bond price yield curve.
The correct option is c. DV01.
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Which of the following correctly matches prior terminology under accounting standards with updoted torminology under Asu 2016−i4? a. Unrestricted net assots are still unrostricted; temporarily and permanently restricted net assats dre now "With donor restrictions" under AsU 20l6-l4. b. Unrestricted net assets are now "Without donor restrictions." Temporarily restricted net assets ote now "with donor restrictions," and permanenthy restricted net assets remain permanently restricted. c. Unrestricted and temporarily restricted net assets are now "without donor restrictions." Permanently restricted nat assets are now "with donoe restrictions." d. Unrestricted not assets are now "without donor restrictions." Temporarily and permanently restrioted net assets are now "with donor restrictions"
As per ASU 2016-14, the updated terminology is as follows:a. Unrestricted net assets are still unrestricted; temporarily and permanently restricted net assets are now "with donor restrictions" under ASU 2016-14.b. Unrestricted net assets are now "without donor restrictions.
" Temporarily restricted net assets are now "with donor restrictions," and permanently restricted net assets remain permanently restricted. c. Unrestricted and temporarily restricted net assets are now "without donor restrictions." Permanently restricted net assets are now "with donor restrictions.
"d. Unrestricted net assets are now "without donor restrictions." Temporarily and permanently restricted net assets are now "with donor restrictions.
"Hence, option b is correct: Unrestricted net assets are now "Without donor restrictions." Temporarily restricted net assets are now "With donor restrictions," and permanently restricted net assets remain permanently restricted.
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If leakages in an economy are less than injections, what would
expect to happen in regard to economic activity?
Select one:
a.
contract
b.
expand
c.
hold steady
d.
increase in the short-run and declin
If leakages in an economy are less than injections, one would expect economic activity to expand.
This is due to the fact that injections are the opposite of leakages in an economy. Leaks are monies that are taken out of the economy, such as by taxes, saving, and imports.
Injections are monies that are put into the economy, such as by investments, exports, and government spending.
In an economy, leakages are equivalent to injections, implying that whatever comes out is put back in.
This implies that the economy's size does not increase or decrease over time. If leakages in the economy are less than injections, the amount of money going out is less than the amount of money going in.
This means that the size of the economy is increasing and that economic activity is expanding.
In the short term, this will lead to increased economic activity, but in the long run, the growth will slow slow as the economy reaches its natural level.
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