a. To calculate the stock price using the constant-growth model, we can use the formula: Stock Price = Dividend / (Discount Rate - Growth Rate). Here's the calculation:
Stock Price = $4.40 / (0.16 - 0.05)
Stock Price = $4.40 / 0.11
Stock Price = $40
Therefore, the correct stock price is $40, not $25.45 as previously mentioned.
b. To calculate the implied value of the firm's growth opportunities, we can subtract the value of the dividend from the earnings per share. Here's the calculation:
Implied Value of Growth Opportunities = Earnings per Share - Dividend
Implied Value of Growth Opportunities = $4.90 - $4.40
Implied Value of Growth Opportunities = $0.50
Therefore, the correct implied value of the firm's growth opportunities is $0.50, not $6.00 as previously mentioned.
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Syazwan and his partner Sharmila have formed a new limited partnership, Syazwan & Sharmila Security Consultants (3SC). 3SC consults with corporations to determine their security needs. Syazwan and Sharmila have hired you to design a database management system to help them manage their business. Due to a recent increase in business, 3SC has decided to automate its client tracking system. You and your team have done a preliminary analysis and come up with the following set of classes, attributes, and business rules :
Consultant
There are two types of consultants; (a) the business consultant determines security needs and estimates the actual services to be performed, and (2) the technical consultants perform services according to the specifications developed by the business consultants. Attributes of business consultant are the following: Employee ID (identifier), Name, Address (which is composed of Street, City, State, and Zip Code), Telephone, Date of Birth, Age, Business Experience (which is composed of Number of Years, Type of Business [or businesses], and Degrees Received). Attributes of technical consultant are the following: Employee ID (identifier), Name, Address (which is composed of Street, City, State, and Zip Code), Telephone, Date of Birth, Age, Technical Skills, and Degrees Received.
Customer
Customers are businesses that have asked for consulting services. Attributes of customer are Customer ID (identifier), Company Name, Address (which is composed of Street, City, State, and Zip Code), Contact Name, Contact Title, Contact Telephone, Business Type, and Number of Employees.
Location
Customers can have multiple locations. Attributes of location are Customer ID (identifier), Location ID (which is unique only for each Customer ID), Address (which is composed of Street, City, State, and Zip Code), Telephone, and Building Size.
Service
A security service is performed for a customer at one or more locations. Before services are performed, an estimate is prepared. Attributes of service are Service ID (identifier), Description, Cost, Coverage, and Clearance Required.
Additional Business Rules
In addition to the classes outlined previously, the following information will need to be stored in tables and shown in the model. These may be classes, but they also reflect a relationship between more than one class:
Estimates, which have characteristics of Date, Amount, Business Consultant, Services, and Customer
Services Performed, which have characteristics of Date, Amount, Technical Consultant, Services, and Customer
You may also assume the following:
A customer can have many consultants providing many services. You wish to track both actual services performed as well as services offered.
Therefore, there should be two relationships between customer, service, and consultant, one to show services performed and one to show services offered as part of the estimate. From the case study given above, build Class Diagram (DRAW IN TABLE)
Class Diagram:
+---------------------+
| Consultant |
+---------------------+
| - Employee ID |
| - Name |
| - Address |
| - Telephone |
| - Date of Birth |
| - Age |
+---------------------+
^
|
|
|
+---------------------+ | +---------------------+
| BusinessConsultant | | | TechnicalConsultant |
+---------------------+ | +---------------------+
| - Business Experience| | | - Technical Skills |
+---------------------+ | +---------------------+
|
|
|
+---------------------+
| Customer |
+---------------------+
| - Customer ID |
| - Company Name |
| - Address |
| - Contact Name |
| - Contact Title |
| - Contact Telephone |
| - Business Type |
| - Number of Employees
+---------------------+
^
|
|
|
+---------------------+
| Location |
+---------------------+
| - Customer ID |
| - Location ID |
| - Address |
| - Telephone |
| - Building Size |
+---------------------+
^
|
|
|
+---------------------+
| Service |
+---------------------+
| - Service ID |
| - Description |
| - Cost |
| - Coverage |
| - Clearance Required|
+---------------------+
^ ^
| |
| |
| |
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| Estimates | | ServicesPerformed |
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| - Date | | - Date |
| - Amount | | - Amount |
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| |
| |
v v
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| Business Consultant | | Technical Consultant|
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| - Services | | - Services |
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| |
| |
v v
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| Customer | | Customer |
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
| - Services | | - Services |
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
Determine the class diagram?The class diagram depicts the entities and their relationships based on the given information. There are four main classes: Consultant, Customer, Location, and Service. The Consultant class has two subclasses: Business Consultant and Technical Consultant.
The Customer class represents businesses that require consulting services. The Location class represents the multiple locations of a customer. The Service class represents the security services provided.
The diagram includes relationships between the classes. A customer can have multiple consultants providing various services, so there are two relationships between Customer, Service, and Consultant classes. One relationship represents services performed, and the other represents services offered as part of the estimate.
The Estimates and Services performed classes capture additional information related to the estimates and services provided, such as dates and amounts. The Business Consultant and Technical Consultant classes maintain the relationship with the Estimates and Services performed classes, indicating their involvement in the respective activities.
Overall, the class diagram provides a visual representation of the entities, their attributes, and the relationships among them, facilitating the design of the database management system for 3SC.
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Find out what are the characteristics of workers representation
model in Sweden and Germany given their employment relations and
industrial relations system. Provide references to the
Findings.
In Sweden, there is a model known as the "Swedish Model" of labor relations, which is an important part of the social-democratic welfare state in Sweden. This model is based on cooperative industrial relations, which are characterized by three main elements: a centralized system of collective bargaining
Additionally, unions in Sweden have a strong presence in the workplace, and they are frequently consulted by management on issues that affect employees.In Germany, there is a different model of labor relations, known as the "co-determination model." This model is characterized by a legal requirement for worker representation on the supervisory boards of companies with more than 2,000 employees, and on the works councils that are elected by employees in individual workplaces. The co-determination model is designed to ensure that workers have a voice in the decisions that affect their jobs, and it has been credited with helping to create a more cooperative and productive industrial relations environment in Germany.
In Sweden, the system of worker representation is based on the idea of cooperative industrial relations. This system has a number of key characteristics that are designed to ensure that workers have a voice in decisions that affect their lives and livelihoods. The first of these characteristics is the centralized system of collective bargaining, which is conducted at both the national and industry levels. This system allows for the representation of a large portion of the workforce, as well as for the negotiation of agreements that cover working conditions, pay, and other important issues that affect workers. This system is supported by strong unions, which are able to represent workers in negotiations with employers and which have a strong presence in the workplace.
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Give information about the volume of the exports, imports, GDP, share of exports in GDP, share of imports in GDP, per capita GDP and the trade openness of russia for year 2010 and 2020. Explain the change over those 10 years of the indicators
According to World Bank data, in 2010, Russia's exports amounted to $396 billion, while imports totaled $260 billion.
In 2020, exports were $336 billion, and imports were $201 billion. Over the 10-year period, Russia's exports decreased by 15%, and imports decreased by 23%. In terms of GDP, in 2010, Russia's GDP was $1.47 trillion, while in 2020, it was $1.48 trillion, representing a slight increase. The share of exports in GDP was 27% in 2010 and 23% in 2020, showing a decrease and the share of imports in GDP was 18% in 2010 and 14% in 2020, also indicating a decrease. The per capita GDP increased from $10,187 in 2010 to $10,169 in 2020, representing a small decrease. Lastly, the trade openness of Russia (exports plus imports as a share of GDP) decreased from 45% in 2010 to 37% in 2020.
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please answer both questions and it should be of 250 words. write answer according to leadership perspective.
Ideas that should be explored in the journal are: • Your definition of leadership and how that contributes to and/or disrupts team excellence. The complexities of team processes, team leadership, coaching and mentoring. Consider what makes a team leader great and how this can be achieved on a daily basis. The reflection questions found in the textbook chapter summaries are a good starting point. however, your journal entries should reflect on the entirety of the course content group discussions, and your own insights into leadership and team bullding. The typical final word count for each journal entry is 250 words.
Team processes refer to the way in which teams operate and the procedures they follow in order to achieve their objectives.
Team leadership, on the other hand, refers to the abilities of the individual or individuals in charge of a team to motivate, guide, and direct them towards achieving their goals. Coaching and mentoring refer to the act of providing guidance and advice to team members in order to help them grow and develop.
The complexities of team processes can be attributed to a number of factors.
Firstly, teams are composed of individuals, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. This means that there will inevitably be conflicts and disagreements, and that team members will need to learn how to work together effectively.
Secondly, team processes are often dependent on external factors such as the organization's culture, the team's budget, and the availability of resources. This means that team leaders must be able to adapt to changing circumstances and make decisions that are in the best interests of the team and the organization as a whole.
Thirdly, team processes are often complex because they involve a wide range of stakeholders, including customers, suppliers, and other external partners. This means that team leaders must be able to build strong relationships with these stakeholders and manage their expectations in order to ensure that the team can deliver on its promises.
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Question 2 (Total: 15 marks) You are a consumer of a product which your country imports. There is an increase in demand in the rest of the world for this product. You are wondering if this change will
As a consumer of an imported product, an increase in demand in the rest of the world for this product is likely to have an impact on availability, price, and potentially quality in your country's market.
When there is an increase in global demand for a product, it can lead to various effects. Firstly, the availability of the product in your country may be affected. Suppliers may allocate a larger portion of the product to meet the increased demand in other countries, resulting in limited availability in your local market.
Secondly, the price of the product may be influenced. Increased demand often leads to upward pressure on prices due to supply and demand dynamics. If the supply cannot meet the rising global demand, prices may increase, potentially affecting the affordability of the product for consumers in your country.
Lastly, the quality of the product could be impacted. If manufacturers or suppliers face challenges in meeting the increased demand, they may prioritize quantity over quality, leading to potential compromises in terms of product standards or customer service.
An increase in global demand for an imported product can have consequences for consumers in the importing country. Availability may be limited, prices may rise, and there could be potential quality implications. It is important for consumers to stay informed about market trends and make purchasing decisions accordingly, considering factors such as availability, price changes, and potential impact on quality.
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Which statement about social change organizations is true? Single organizations are successful because they have the resources, perspectives and skills to address the problems. Service delivery cannot solve problems rooted in deep-seated cultural and institutional arrangements. Single issue movements are able to muster electoral power to effect social change.
The statement about social change organizations that is true is: Service delivery cannot solve problems rooted in deep-seated cultural and institutional arrangements. Option b is Correct.
Single organizations, even those with resources, perspectives, and skills, may not be able to address problems that are deeply rooted in cultural and institutional arrangements. These types of problems require a broader, systemic approach that involves changing the underlying structures and institutions that create and sustain those problems.
Single issue movements may be able to muster electoral power to effect social change, but they may not be able to address the root causes of a problem. Social change requires a multifaceted approach that involves organizations, movements, and other actors working together to bring about lasting change.
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What organizational practices (i.e., detailed actions
organisations take) are being used to address discrimination within
recruitment in organisations in Australia?
Analyse the weaknesses and strength
The organizational practices that are being used to address discrimination within recruitment in organizations in Australia are as followed:
1. Plan your approach to ensure you comply with your obligations to prevent discrimination in recruitment processes
2. Educate others involved in the recruitment process about their obligations
3. Cast the net as widely as possible to attract a diverse pool of applicants
4. Be consistent and fair in the way you treat candidates
5. Accommodate people who require adjustments
6. Do not seek irrelevant personal information from applicants
7. Focus on the essential requirements of the job
8. Set aside personal bias, myths and stereotypes
9. Keep records of your decisions
10. Select the person best suited to the job.
What is workplace discrimination?
Generally speaking, employment discrimination occurs when a company treats a candidate or employee unfairly because to that person's race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, or status as a protected veteran.
Race, Color, and Sex are the three main categories of employment discrimination.
Direct, indirect, verbal, physical, and sexual harassment are the four basic forms of discrimination.
Race and national origin are currently the two most common categories of job discrimination. When individuals of one nationality start a firm and exclusively hire individuals of the same nationality, this is referred to as discrimination based on national origin.
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Josephine's 15-year old daughter has been diagnosed with a severe and prolonged mental disbility. What is the maximum Canada Caregiver Tax Credit that she can claim in 2020?
Points: 1
$300
$341
$187
$1,091
The maximum Canada Caregiver Tax Credit that Josephine can claim in 2020 for her 15-year-old daughter with a severe and prolonged mental disability is $1,091.
The Canada Caregiver Tax Credit provides financial support to individuals who care for dependents with disabilities. In 2020, the maximum amount that could be claimed was $2,230 for a dependent with a severe and prolonged mental or physical disability. However, this amount is reduced by the dependent's net income. Since Josephine's daughter is 15 years old and has a severe and prolonged mental disability, she qualifies for the full amount of $2,230. However, this credit is non-refundable, meaning it can only reduce the amount of taxes owed but cannot create a refund. As a result, the maximum credit Josephine can claim in 2020 is $1,091, as determined by her daughter's net income and other factors.
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Which type of connector would be characterized by its ability to gain access to information more easily than others? Hubs Pulsetakers Gatekeepers
Gatekeepers are a type of connector that would be characterized by its ability to gain access to information more easily than others. Thus, option C is correct.
Among the connectors you suggested, “Gatekeepers” would be distinguished by its capacity to acquire access to information more easily than others.
In the context of connections, the phrase “gatekeeper” refers to individuals or entities with the authority to control access to information, resources, or opportunities. Gatekeepers serve as middlemen or custodians of specific information or assets, with the capacity to allow or prohibit access to others.
Individuals or entities that govern access to information or resources and have the authority to allow or restrict access to others are known as gatekeepers.
They are critical in managing the flow of information and identifying who has access to it. Gatekeepers, who have the authority or privilege to control access, may have easier access to information than other connectors such as hubs or pulse takers.
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Over the last year, houses have stayed the same price and most consumer goods have become cheaper. Food has become more expensive. According to the official Consumer Price Index, inflation was 5% last year. Sunny is very poor. What is likely to be true about the cost of living for Sunny?
a. All of these are true
b. Sunny's cost of living increased less than the official CPI
c. None of these are true
d. Sunny's cost of living increased by more than the official CPI
e. Sunny's cost of living increased exactly as fast as the official CPI
The most likely statement that is true about Sunny's cost of living is "Sunny's cost of living increased less than the official CPI." (Option b)
The information provided states that houses have stayed the same price and most consumer goods have become cheaper, which suggests a decrease in the cost of living for Sunny. However, it also mentions that food has become more expensive, which could partially offset the overall decrease. Considering the official CPI inflation rate of 5%, it is likely that Sunny's cost of living increased, but at a lower rate than the official CPI. This is because the overall decrease in the prices of consumer goods and houses may outweigh the increase in food prices. Therefore, the answer is b) Sunny's cost of living increased less than the official CPI is the most reasonable conclusion based on the information provided.
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Please type the answer by computer, so i can see it clearly, thank you!!!
1(a) Discuss the implications of MRP on inventory problems.
1(b) Briefly explain 4 other different ways to reduce inventory (Not MRP)?
(a) Material requirements planning (MRP) is a system that helps control inventory levels, reduce material shortages, use resources efficiently, and improve customer satisfaction.
(b) Other ways to reduce inventory include Just-in-Time (JIT), barcode scanning and RFID, dropshipping, and slow-moving inventory analysis.
(a) Material requirements planning (MRP) is an effective system that assists in the production scheduling, inventory control, and procurement. Its implications on inventory problems are as follows:i. Control inventory levels - MRP permits management to decide the amount of inventory to carry and schedule. It helps ensure the proper quantities of the right inventory items are available when required, hence reducing excess inventory levels that cause cost problems.ii. Reduce material shortages - MRP software monitors inventory levels and usage rates, then schedules materials when required, eliminating stock-outs. This helps prevent idle time on the production floor, and production delays.iii. Efficient use of resources - MRP ensures that production uses resources, including labor and machine time efficiently. It plans production and delivery times to meet customer demands in time.iv. Improves customer satisfaction - MRP ensures that all products required by customers are delivered on time, hence improving customer satisfaction.(b) Four other different ways to reduce inventory are:Just-in-Time (JIT) - JIT enables manufacturers to make products at the precise time and in the exact quantities required. It eliminates excess inventory while maintaining customer satisfaction and providing flexibility to meet changing market demands.Barcode Scanning and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) - This is an automatic method of capturing information about a product, saving time and resources while increasing efficiency. RFID improves accuracy and speed when tracking products through the supply chain.Dropshipping - Dropshipping is a retail fulfilment method where merchants don't keep inventory in stock. Instead, they transfer customer orders and shipment information to the manufacturer or wholesaler, who then sends the products directly to the customers. This reduces inventory levels, storage costs, and shipping expenses.Slow-moving Inventory Analysis - This method involves analyzing inventory that hasn't sold in 12 months or more. By assessing slow-moving inventory, management can determine which products are not popular or have reached the end of their lifecycle, helping to reduce excess inventory levels.
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Palvest Company's ledger shows the following balances on December 31, 2020. 6% Preferred stock, $100 par value, outstanding 20,000 shares Common stock, $10 par value, Issued 300,000 shares Retained earnings $2,000,000 3,000,000 1,000,000 Required Assuming that the directors decide to declare total cash dividends in the amount of $810,000, use the following table to determine how much each class of stock should receive under each of the assumptions stated below. Three years' dividends are in arrears on the preferred stock.
$20,625 for preferred stockholders and $309,375 for common stockholders.
Palvest Company's ledger shows the following balances on December 31, 2020:Common stock, $10 par value, Issued 300,000 shares6% Preferred stock, $100 par value, outstanding 20,000 shares
Retained earnings
$2,000,000
3,000,000
1,000,000
Assuming that the directors decide to declare total cash dividends in the amount of $810,000 and the three years' dividends are in arrears on the preferred stock, how much each class of stock should receive under each of the assumptions stated below.
The first assumption is to pay the preferred dividend in full and distribute the balance of the dividends on a pro-rata basis. The second assumption is to pay the preferred dividend in full and then pay $1 per share on the common stock.Preferred dividend in full $20,000 x $100 x 6% = $120,000.Dividends in arrears 20,000 x $100 x 6% x 3 = $360,000.Total preferred dividends = $480,000.Balance for common stockholders $810,000 - $480,000 = $330,000.Total shares outstanding are 300,000 + 20,000 = 320,000 shares.(i) Under the first assumption, Preferred stock will receive $480,000 as follows:$120,000 (current year's preferred dividend) + $360,000 (dividends in arrears).The remaining amount of $330,000 is shared between preferred and common stocks according to the pro-rata basis.Pro-rata distribution:$330,000 x 20,000/320,000 = $20,625 for the preferred stockholders.$330,000 x 300,000/320,000 = $309,375 for common stockholders.(ii) Under the second assumption, Preferred stock will receive $480,000 as follows:$120,000 (current year's preferred dividend) + $360,000 (dividends in arrears).The remaining balance is $330,000, which will be distributed to common stockholders only.$330,000 / 300,000 common shares = $1.10 per share.
Hence, under the given assumptions, each class of stock should receive:$20,625 for preferred stockholders and $309,375 for common stockholders.
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This is a subjective question, hence you have to write your answer in the Text-Field given below. 7.6693 Construction rings are tested for their diameter desired to be within a certain range. Random samples of 5 rings are chosen from the despatch section and their diameter values measured. The sample mean X and standard deviations are found. After 20 samples. EX bar = 1850 and Es = 200. The specifications are 95 = 5 mm. [2x7=14] a. Find the control limits for the X bar and s-charts. b. Assuming that the process in control, estimate the process mean and process standard deviation c. Find the process capability indices Cp and Cpk and comment on their values. d. If the target value is 90 mm, find the capability indices Cpm and Cpmk. e. What proportion of the output is nonconforming, assuming a normal distribution of the quality characteristic? 1. If the process mean is moved to 92 mm, what proportion of the output is nonconforming? What are your proposals to improve process performance? g. Can we conclude that Cpk is less than 1? Use a = 0.05. 2This is a subjective question, hence you have to write your answer in the Text-Field given below. 7.6693 Construction rings are tested for their diameter desired to be within a certain range. Random samples of 5 rings are chosen from the despatch section and their diameter values measured. The sample mean X and standard deviations are found. After 20 samples, EX bar = 1850 and Es = 200. The specifications are 95 = 5 mm. [2x7=14] a. Find the control limits for the X bar and s-charts. b. Assuming that the process in control, estimate the process mean and process standard deviation. c. Find the process capability indices Cp and Cpk and comment on their values. d. If the target value is 90 mm, find the capability indices Cpm and Cpmk. e. What proportion of the output is nonconforming, assuming a normal distribution of the quality characteristic? 1. If the process mean is moved to 92 mm, what proportion of the output is nonconforming? What are your proposals to improve process performance? g. Can we conclude that Cpk is less than 1? Use a = 0.05.
a. Control limits for X bar chart:
Upper Control Limit (UCL) = 1850 + 1.494*200 = 2150.8
Lower Control Limit (LCL) = 1850 - 1.494*200 = 1549.2
Control limits for s chart:
Upper Control Limit (UCL) = 200 * 2.114 = 422.8
Lower Control Limit (LCL) = 200 * 0 = 0
b. Estimation of process mean: 1850 mm
Estimation of process standard deviation:
200 mm
c. Cp and Cpk = Lower specification limit = 95 mm
Upper specification limit = 105 mm.Cp = (USL-LSL)/(6σ) = (105 - 95)/(6 * 200) = 0.00083
Cpk = min{ (USL - µ)/3σ, (µ - LSL)/3σ} = min{ (105 - 1850)/3(200), (1850 - 95)/3(200)} = 0.5.
As Cpk is also less than 1, it indicates that process is not centered within the specification limits. Thus, this process needs to be improved. Reduce variability in the process. Improve monitoring and measurement of the process.
a. Control limits for X bar chart:
Upper Control Limit (UCL) = 1850 + 1.494*200 = 2150.8
Lower Control Limit (LCL) = 1850 - 1.494*200 = 1549.2
Control limits for s chart:
Upper Control Limit (UCL) = 200 * 2.114 = 422.8
Lower Control Limit (LCL) = 200 * 0 = 0
b. Estimation of process mean: 1850 mm
Estimation of process standard deviation:
200 mm
c. Cp and Cpk = Lower specification limit = 95 mm
Upper specification limit = 105 mm.Cp = (USL-LSL)/(6σ) = (105 - 95)/(6 * 200) = 0.00083
Cpk = min{ (USL - µ)/3σ, (µ - LSL)/3σ} = min{ (105 - 1850)/3(200), (1850 - 95)/3(200)} = 0.5.
Comment on their values: Since Cp is very less than 1, the process is not capable to meet the specification limits. As Cpk is also less than 1, it indicates that process is not centered within the specification limits. Thus, this process needs to be improved.
d. Cpkm = Min{Cpl, Cpu} = Min{3σ(μ - LSL), 3σ(USL - μ)} / (USL - LSL)
When target value is 90 mm,
LSL = 85 mm and USL = 95 mm. Cpm = |
Tolerance band width| / 6σ =(95-85) / (6*200) = 0.00083
Cpkm = Min{3σ(1850 - 85), 3σ(95 - 1850)} / (95 - 85)
Cpkm = Min{3*200*(1850-85), 3*200*(95-1850)}/(95-85) = 0.4067 (Minimum of Cpl and Cpu is Cpu)
d. Nonconforming proportion of output, assuming a
normal distribution = P(Z < (LSL - µ)/σ) + P(Z > (USL - µ)/σ)
where, µ = 1850 mm, σ = 200 mm, LSL = 95 mm and USL = 105 mm
P(Z < (95 - 1850)/200) + P(Z > (105 - 1850)/200)P(Z < -8.75) + P(Z > 8.75) is negligible. Therefore, the proportion of non-conforming output is negligible.
e. Nonconforming proportion of output, assuming normal distribution, if the process mean is moved to 92 mm,
P(Z < (95 - 92)/200) + P(Z > (105 - 92)/200)P(Z < 0.015) + P(Z > 0.065) = 0.0207 (approximately).
Therefore, the proportion of non-conforming output is 2.07%.
Proposal to improve process performance: Since both Cp and Cpk values are low, it indicates the process is not capable and is not centered within the specification limits. To improve process performance, following measures can be taken: Identify and remove the root cause of the problem. Adopt more capable machines. Implement process control techniques. Reduce variability in the process. Improve monitoring and measurement of the process.
g. As Cpk is 0.5 which is less than 1, we can conclude that the process is not capable of meeting the specification limits.
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Substantive procedures examine whether there are material misstatements or errors in specific classes of transactions, account balances, and disclosures. Auditors’ considerations for the design of substantive procedures involve the (1) nature, (2) timing, and (3) extent of the substantive procedures. Which of the following consists of the elements that are related to the term "nature"?
(a) The availability of information, specific audit objectives, cost-effectiveness, nature and composition of classes of transactions and account balances.
(b) The acceptable level of detection risk and control risk, and the relevance to specific risk.
(c) The assessed risks of material misstatements and the relative advantages and disadvantages among different types of substantive procedures.
(d) The relationship among the substantive procedures to be performed, the billable hours and the audit fees to be charged
Substantive processes' "nature" elements include:
(a) Information availability: Relevant data and documents needed for substantive procedures must be accessible and reliable. The auditor must determine if the data needed to verify transactions, account balances, and disclosures is available.
(a) Specific audit objectives: This element requires determining substantive procedure goals and objectives. The auditor must identify the assertions and risks associated with the classes of transactions, account balances, or disclosures being checked and devise processes to meet those objectives.
(c) Cost-effectiveness: The auditor must assess the cost-benefit of substantive procedures. Procedures should yield sufficient audit evidence at a low expense. The auditor should evaluate the risk of substantial misstatement and the complexity or volume of transactions or balances when calculating effort.
(d) Nature and composition of classes of transactions and account balances: This part involves understanding the characteristics and complexities of the classes being evaluated. These items' type, complexity, and composition determine the auditor's substantive methods.
Thus, (a) is the correct answer.
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Guess which depreciation method will have the lower 10%-per-year PW of taxes between the following methods over a 6-year study period: P = $100, S = 0, and GI-OE = $50, and Te = 30%. Verify your answe
The depreciation method that will have the lower 10%-per-year present worth (PW) of taxes over the 6-year study period cannot be determined without knowing the specific depreciation methods being compared.
To determine which depreciation method will result in the lower PW of taxes, we need to compare different depreciation methods such as straight-line, declining balance, or any other method. Without specific information about the depreciation methods being considered, it is not possible to calculate or determine which method will yield a lower PW of taxes.
However, the given information about the cost (P), salvage value (S), and gain/loss on disposal (GI-OE) can be used to calculate the tax depreciation deductions and subsequently estimate the PW of taxes for each method. Additionally, the tax rate (Te) of 30% can be applied to the taxable income derived from the depreciation deductions to calculate the tax liability for each year.
Without specific information about the depreciation methods being compared, it is not possible to determine which method will result in the lower PW of taxes over the 6-year study period. To make a valid comparison, the specific depreciation methods and their respective depreciation rates need to be known.
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1. St. Catherine’s Health System (SCHS) reported the following end of year account balances as of December 31, 2019:
Assets
Cash and temporary investments $300,000
Accounts receivables $2,500,000
Inventory $205,000
Plant and equipment $5,800,000
Accumulated depreciation $312,000
Liabilities
Accounts payable $230,000
Short-term notes payable $30,000
Long-term debt payable $400,000
Net Assets/Equity
Unrestricted assets $7,632,800
Other assets $200
For each of the following 2020 financial transactions, describe the dual entry accounting changes that would result (see first transaction for an example):
a. SCHS collected $2,000,000 in cash from outstanding accounts receivables
- Accounts receivables decreases by $2,000,000
- Cash and temporary investments increase by $2,000,000
b. SCHS purchased $2,000,000 of inventory on credit
c. SCHS provided $9,100,000 of patient services on credit (i.e. billed to insurance companies)
d. SCHS paid $4,660,000 for labor expenses in cash
e. SCHS used $1,930,000 of supplies from its existing inventory to provide patient care services
f. SCHS paid $45,000 in cash on its short-term notes payable
g. SCHS issued $3,800,000 in long-term debt to raise capital for future growth investments
h. SCHS purchased $3,000,000 in new equipment using a short-term note payable
i. SCHS incurred an annual depreciation expense of $95,000
2. Brandywine Homecare, a not-for-profit business, had revenues of $12,000,000 in
2018. Total expenses, less depreciation, was 75% of revenues, and depreciation
expense was $1,500,000. All revenues were collected in cash during 2018 and all expenses except depreciation were also paid in cash during 2018.
a. Construct Brandywine’s 2018 income statement
b. What were Brandywine’s net income and estimate of cash flow during 2018?
c. Suppose that Brandywine’s depreciation expense was doubled for the year. How would such a change affect Brandywine’s net income and estimate of cash flow for 2018?
d. If Brandywine were a for-profit business (instead of not-for-profit) and paid taxes of 40% on its reported net income, how would such a change affect the company’s reported net income and/or cash flow?
3. Great Forks Hospital reported net income of $2,400,000 on total revenue of $30,000,000 for 2018. Depreciation expense totaled $1,000,000 for the year.
a. What were total expenses for 2018?
b. What were total cash expenses for 2018? (assume all expenses except for depreciation were cash expenses)
c. What was the hospital’s estimated cash flow for 2018?
St. Catherine’s Health System (SCHS) reported the following end of year account balances as of December 31, 2019-
For each of the following 2020 financial transactions, describe the dual entry accounting changes that would result (see first transaction for an example): a. SCHS collected $2,000,000 in cash from outstanding accounts receivables - Accounts receivables decreases by $2,000,000 - Cash and temporary investments increase by $2,000,000 b. SCHS purchased $2,000,000 of inventory on credit c. SCHS provided $9,100,000 of patient services on credit (i.e. billed to insurance companies) d. SCHS paid $4,660,000 for labor expenses in cash e. SCHS used $1,930,000 of supplies from its existing inventory to provide patient care services.
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To balance supply and demand at the aggregate level, you have two options: capacity-focused tools and demand-focused tools. Which of the following is NOT a demand-focused tool?
Price
Subcontracting
Lead time
Inventory
In order to balance supply and demand at the aggregate level, two options are available: capacity-focused tools and demand-focused tools. Inventory, subcontracting, and lead time are all demand-focused tools. The correct answer is Price.
Price is not a demand-focused tool; instead, it is a capacity-focused tool. Companies may have several tools available to help them balance supply and demand at the aggregate level. They can be divided into two categories: capacity-focused and demand-focused tools. Demand-focused tools are ones that focus on demand and attempt to manage it so that supply and demand are balanced. Inventory, subcontracting, and lead time are all demand-focused tools.
They may be used to handle demand fluctuations so that the company can produce products in a timely manner without producing too much or too little. Capacity-focused tools are the ones that focus on capacity. Price is one such capacity-focused tool. When supply exceeds demand, a company may use a price drop to reduce supply and increase demand. In this manner, the price may be used to help companies manage their production capacity.
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how is earned value management different than straight financial accounting
Earned Value Management (EVM) is a project management technique that measures project performance by integrating cost, schedule, and scope elements.
It provides a comprehensive view of a project's progress and performance based on the value of work completed, enabling effective tracking and forecasting. In contrast, financial accounting primarily focuses on recording and reporting financial transactions to provide information for external stakeholders, such as investors and regulators.
In EVM, key performance indicators such as Earned Value (EV), Planned Value (PV), and Actual Cost (AC) are used to assess project performance. EV represents the value of completed work, PV is the authorized budget for the work scheduled, and AC is the actual cost incurred. By comparing these values, EVM allows project managers to evaluate if a project is ahead of or behind schedule, over or under budget, and whether the value of work performed aligns with the resources expended.
Financial accounting, on the other hand, deals with recording financial transactions, preparing financial statements, and complying with accounting standards. It focuses on providing accurate and reliable financial information for decision-making and external reporting purposes. Financial accounting encompasses areas like revenue recognition, expense allocation, asset valuation, and financial statement analysis.
While both EVM and financial accounting involve the use of financial data, their objectives and scope differ significantly. EVM is primarily concerned with monitoring and controlling project performance, enabling proactive decision-making and effective project management. Financial accounting, on the other hand, is broader in scope, addressing the financial aspects of an entire organization and providing information for stakeholders interested in the financial health and performance of the entity.
In summary, EVM and financial accounting serve distinct purposes. EVM focuses on measuring project performance and progress, integrating cost, schedule, and scope, while financial accounting emphasizes recording financial transactions and providing financial information to external stakeholders.
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a reduction in the interest rate causes consumption and investment to _____, which shifts the aggregate demand curve _____.
A reduction in the interest rate causes consumption and investment to increase, which shifts the aggregate demand curve to the right.
When the interest rate decreases, borrowing costs become cheaper, making it more attractive for individuals and businesses to take loans and make investments. This leads to increased consumer spending and higher investment levels, resulting in an overall increase in aggregate demand.
As a result, the aggregate demand curve, which represents the total spending in the economy at different price levels, shifts to the right, reflecting the higher level of consumption and investment. This shift indicates an expansionary effect on the economy, potentially leading to higher output and employment levels.
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Potvin Company produces mathematical and financial calculators and operates at capacity. Data related to the two products follows: Mathematical Financial Annual production in units 49,000 98,000 Direct materials cost $205,800 $411,600 Direct manufacturing labour cost $83,300 $166,600 Direct manufacturing labour-hours 4,900 9,800 Machine-hours 24,500 49,000 Number of production runs 49 49 Inspection hours 1,000 500 Manufacturing Overhead Costs Machining costs 271,950 Setup costs 98,000 Inspection costs 90,000 Required: 1. Choose a cost driver for each overhead cost pool and calculate the manufacturing overhead cost per unit for each produci 2. Compute the manufacturing cost per unit for each product. ( Total
The cost drivers for the overhead cost pools are chosen, and the manufacturing overhead cost per unit and manufacturing cost per unit are calculated for the Mathematical and Financial calculators.
The cost driver for the machining costs is machine-hours, as these costs are directly related to the hours the machines are used. The manufacturing overhead cost per unit for the Mathematical calculator is $11.08 ($271,950 / 24,500) and for the Financial calculator is $5.57 ($271,950 / 49,000).
The cost driver for setup costs is the number of production runs since each setup is required for each run. The manufacturing overhead cost per unit for both products would be $2 ($98,000 / 49) as the number of production runs is the same for both calculators.
The cost driver for inspection costs is inspection hours, as these costs depend on the time spent on inspections. The manufacturing overhead cost per unit for the Mathematical calculator is $90 ($90,000 / 1,000) and for the Financial calculator is $180 ($90,000 / 500).
To calculate the manufacturing cost per unit for each product, the direct materials cost, direct manufacturing labor cost, and manufacturing overhead cost per unit are added together. The manufacturing cost per unit for the Mathematical calculator is $10.29, and for the Financial calculator is $5.54.
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There is a 1-yr bond that pays semiannual coupon of 86% p.a. Current market yield of this bond is 20% p.a. With continuous compounding/discounting, what is the Macaulay duration of this bond? ➜ (1)
To calculate the Macaulay duration of a bond, we need to consider the time value of the bond's cash flows and their present values. The Macaulay duration is a measure of the weighted average time until the bond's cash flows are received.
In this case, the bond has a 1-year maturity and pays semiannual coupons of 8.6% per year. The current market yield is 20% per year with continuous compounding.
To calculate the Macaulay duration, we need to find the present value of each cash flow and weigh it by its proportion of the bond's total present value. Here's how we can calculate it:
Calculate the present value of each cash flow:
Present value of the semiannual coupons:
PV(coupons) = (8.6% / 2) * exp(-0.20/2) + (8.6% / 2) * exp(-0.20)
Present value of the face value (received at maturity):
PV(face value) = exp(-0.20)
Calculate the total present value of the bond:
PV(total) = PV(coupons) + PV(face value)
Calculate the proportion of each cash flow to the total present value:
Weight(coupons) = PV(coupons) / PV(total)
Weight(face value) = PV(face value) / PV(total)
Calculate the weighted average time until each cash flow is received:
Macaulay duration = (0.5 * Weight(coupons) * 0.5) + (1 * Weight(face value))
Substituting the values into the equation, you can calculate the Macaulay duration of the bond.
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Although you are employed full time and earn a good salary, your household expenses keep accumulating. You decide to start a side hustle to generate extra income, and want to do proper research rather than just jumping in. Required Prepare a business plan to discuss with, and convince, your family to create this new venture as a family business, to get their support, and to show each member of the family how they can have a role and duties.
By presenting a well-prepared business plan to my family, I aim to gain their support and demonstrate how each member can contribute with specific roles and duties.
To address our household expenses and create an additional source of income, I propose establishing a family business that leverages our skills, resources, and interests. By involving the entire family, we can not only generate extra income but also strengthen our bond and instill a sense of shared responsibility. To gain their support and illustrate the potential benefits, I will present a well-structured business plan that outlines the purpose, strategies, and expected outcomes of the venture.
The business plan will include a thorough market analysis, identifying potential customers and competitors in our chosen industry. It will highlight the unique selling points of our family business, emphasizing the advantages we have over existing players in the market. Additionally, I will outline the specific roles and duties each family member can undertake based on their individual strengths and interests. This will ensure that everyone feels valued and involved, and it will provide a clear framework for the division of responsibilities.
Furthermore, the plan will include a detailed financial projection, outlining the potential revenue streams and expected expenses. By presenting a realistic assessment of the income we can generate through the family business, I aim to address any concerns about financial viability and demonstrate the potential for growth over time. This will help reassure my family members that the side hustle is a worthwhile endeavor that can have a positive impact on our financial situation.
Overall, by presenting a well-prepared business plan that emphasizes the benefits, involvement, and clear roles for each family member, I aim to gain the support and participation of my family in starting a side hustle as a family business. Through open communication and collaboration, we can work together to achieve our financial goals while strengthening our family ties.
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FILL THE BLANK. "Compared to sales promotions, ___.
Group of answer choices
advertising’s effect is relatively easier to measure
advertising provides relatively longer-term benefits
both A and B
none of the above"
Option "B". Sales promotion and advertising are marketing communication strategies.
Both advertising and sales promotion have their unique benefits and drawbacks.
Advertising provides a relatively longer-term benefit than sales promotion. This is because advertising creates brand awareness, and the consumers remember it for a long time. Advertising aims to create long-term brand recognition and consumer trust. Advertising's effects are relatively harder to measure than sales promotion.
Advertising provides long-term benefits because it helps create a brand, consumer loyalty, and brand awareness. Meanwhile, sales promotion is a short-term tactic that aims to boost sales quickly. The aim of sales promotion is to attract consumers with immediate incentives. Sales promotion can be easily measured because it usually results in immediate sales.
Therefore, the most suitable option to fill the blank is option B: advertising provides relatively longer-term benefits.
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Protectionist policies are used by governments in order to ...... a. protect domestic producers b. Decrease trade barriers c. lower incomes of producers d. Increase political power
Protectionist policies are used by governments in order to protect domestic producers , from foreign competition and to maintain or increase market share for domestic industries.
How are protectionist policies implemented?Protectionist policies are implemented by governments with the primary objective of safeguarding domestic producers and industries from foreign competition.
These policies are designed to shield domestic producers from the potentially adverse effects of international trade.By imposing trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, and subsidies, governments aim to restrict imports and give an advantage to domestic producers.
The protection of domestic producers is a key rationale behind protectionist measures. By imposing tariffs on imported goods, domestic producers can compete on a more level playing field, as foreign goods become relatively more expensive.
This protection allows domestic industries to maintain or increase market share, protect jobs, and stimulate economic growth.
However, protectionist policies also have potential drawbacks. While they may shield domestic producers, they can lead to higher prices for consumers, reduced product variety, and inefficiencies in the allocation of resources.
Additionally, protectionism can spark retaliatory actions from other countries, leading to trade conflicts and reduced global economic cooperation.
Overall, protectionist policies are implemented to safeguard the interests of domestic producers and industries, but their impact on the broader economy and international relations needs to be carefully evaluated to strike a balance between protecting domestic industries and promoting free and fair trade.
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economic profit differs from accounting profits because of its inclusion of
implicit costs, also known as opportunity costs. Accounting profit only takes into account explicit costs, such as wages, rent, and materials used in production.
Implicit costs are the opportunity costs of using resources for one purpose rather than another, such as the forgone income that could have been earned from an alternative use of capital or labor. Economic profit is calculated by subtracting both implicit and explicit costs from total revenue, whereas accounting profit is calculated by subtracting only explicit costs from total revenue. As a result, economic profit is generally lower than accounting profit.
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What are hot assets, and why are they important in the sale of a partnership interest?
b. Can a partnership have unrealized receivable if it has no accounts receivable? Why or why not?
Hot assets are assets that are likely to result in gains if sold and they usually include inventory, accounts receivable, depreciated real estate, and stock investments.
These are important in the sale of a partnership interest because they can cause an increase in the amount of gain or loss that is allocated to each partner.If the partnership has no accounts receivable, it can still have unrealized receivables. This happens when the partnership has not yet collected payment for services rendered or goods sold. These are known as accrued receivables and are treated similarly to accounts receivable for tax purposes.
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In 10 months, Kathy plans to vacation in Europe and she needs to have 10,203 dollars in her bank account upon departure. Given that Kathy's bank account yields 2% per month and that her current balance is 2,051 dollars, she is trying to figure out how much she needs to save every month in order to achieve her goal (10 equal deposits at the end of each month). As she never attended a finance course, she wants your advice. How much does she need to deposit at the end of every month? (note: round your answer to the nearest cent, and do not include spaces, currency signs, plus or minus signs, or commas)
The amount Kathy needs to deposit at the end of every month is $921.81.
To calculate how much Kathy needs to deposit at the end of every month, we can use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula. The formula is given by:
Future Value = Payment × [(1 + Interest Rate)^(Number of Periods) - 1] / Interest Rate
In this case, Kathy wants to have $10,203 in her bank account in 10 months, and her bank account yields a monthly interest rate of 2%. Her current balance is $2,051.
Substituting the values into the formula, we have:
$10,203 = Payment × [(1 + 0.02)^(10) - 1] / 0.02
Simplifying the equation, we can solve for Payment:
Payment = $10,203 × 0.02 / [(1 + 0.02)^(10) - 1]
Payment = $10,203 × 0.02 / (1.22140275816 - 1)
Payment = $10,203 × 0.02 / 0.22140275816
Calculating this expression gives us:
Payment ≈ $10,203 × 0.0902854024
Payment ≈ $921.81
Therefore, $921.81 amount Kathy needs to deposit at the end of every month to reach her goal.
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You are given an M/M/1 queueing system in which the expected waiting time and expected number in the system are 120 minutes and 8 customers, respectively. Using one hour as the unit of time determine the A. average expected customer's arrival rate, 1, B. average service rate C. the utilization factor p of the system.
The utilization factor (p) of the system is 0.264.
Given information: Expected waiting time (W) = 120 minutes
Expected number of customers (L) = 8 customers
λ (arrival rate) = ? μ (service rate) = ? Utilization factor (p) = ?
The formulae required to solve this problem are:
W = L/λ(μ - λ)p = λ/μ
where,
W: Expected waiting time L: Expected number of customers λ: Average arrival rate μ: Average service rate p: Utilization factor(A)
The average expected customer's arrival rate is
λ = L/Wλ = 8/120 = 1/15 customers per minute
λ = 1/15 × 60 = 4 customers per hour
Therefore, the average expected customer's arrival rate is 4 customers per hour.
(B) The average service rate is
μ = λ(W + 1)μ = λ(W + 1)/L
where W + 1 = expected time in the system= expected waiting time + expected service time= W + 1/μμ = λ(W + 1)/Lμ = λ(W + 1)/8μ = λ(120 + 1)/8μ = λ × 15.125
Therefore, the average service rate is 15.125 customers per hour.
(C) The utilization factor (p) of the system is p = λ/μp = 4/15.125
p = 0.264
Therefore, the utilization factor (p) of the system is 0.264.
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Can traditional financial dealers coexist with electronic
financial market makers
Yes, traditional financial dealers can coexist with electronic financial market makers. Both play distinct roles in the financial markets and serve different types of investors.
Traditional financial dealers, such as investment banks or brokerage firms, provide services such as facilitating trades, executing orders, providing research and analysis, and offering advisory services to clients. They typically operate through human intermediaries who interact directly with clients and execute trades on their behalf. These dealers often have expertise in specific markets or products and provide personalized services tailored to the needs of their clients.
On the other hand, electronic financial market makers are technology-driven firms that use automated systems and algorithms to provide liquidity and facilitate trading in electronic markets. They continuously quote bid and ask prices, and their algorithms match buy and sell orders from market participants. Electronic market makers enhance market efficiency by providing liquidity, narrowing spreads, and improving price discovery.
Both traditional financial dealers and electronic market makers have their advantages and serve different types of investors. Traditional dealers may be preferred by clients who require personalized services, complex financial products, or specialized advice. Electronic market makers, on the other hand, offer efficient and cost-effective trading services, particularly for liquid and standardized securities.
In practice, many financial institutions adapt to the changing landscape by incorporating electronic trading capabilities into their operations while continuing to provide traditional dealer services. This allows them to cater to a wider range of clients and benefit from the advantages offered by both traditional and electronic approaches.
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For 2020 Abdullah Corporation reported net income $30,000; net sales $100,000; and average shares outstanding 5,000. There were preferred stock dividends of $5,000. What was the 2020 earnings per share?
5
19
10
15
The earnings per share for Abdullah Corporation in 2020 is $5. This means that for each outstanding share of common stock, the company generated $5 in earnings.
In 2020, Abdullah Corporation reported a net income of $30,000, net sales of $100,000, and had an average of 5,000 shares outstanding. There were preferred stock dividends of $5,000. To calculate the earnings per share for 2020, we need to subtract the preferred stock dividends from the net income and divide the result by the average shares outstanding.
Earnings per share (EPS) is a financial metric that shows the portion of a company's net income that is attributable to each outstanding share of common stock. To calculate EPS, we first need to determine the earnings available to common shareholders.
In this case, we start with the net income of $30,000 and subtract the preferred stock dividends of $5,000. This gives us the earnings available to common shareholders, which is $25,000 ($30,000 - $5,000).
Next, we divide the earnings available to common shareholders by the average number of shares outstanding. In this case, the average shares outstanding is 5,000.
EPS = Earnings available to common shareholders / Average shares outstanding
EPS = $25,000 / 5,000
EPS = $5
Therefore, the earnings per share for Abdullah Corporation in 2020 is $5. This means that for each outstanding share of common stock, the company generated $5 in earnings.
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