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Develop a Model to Show the Release or Absorption of Energy from a Chemical Reaction System

In this project, you will develop a model of a chemical reaction that either releases energy or absorbs energy. Whether a reaction releases or absorbs energy depends on the overall difference in the bond energies of the reactants and products. Your model should show the relationships between the parts of the system. These parts are the molecules and atoms that take part in the reaction. The model should also distinguish the reaction system from other systems.

Background

Atoms are the basic units of the types of matter known as elements. Very few elements exist in nature as single atoms. Most elements exist as atoms joined together into compounds by chemical bonds. During a chemical reaction, bonds are broken, atoms are rearranged, and new substances with new bonds form. Energy must be absorbed in order to break bonds, and energy is released when bonds form.

For any given compound, the amount of energy that will break its bonds and the amount released when the same bonds form are the same. For example, 1 mole of water molecules must absorb 1,840 kJ of energy for its bonds to break. And, when 1 mole of new water molecules form, the same amount of energy (1,840 kJ) is released. The amount of energy needed to break or form

1 mole of a certain type of bond is called bond energy.

As a reaction proceeds, the total bond energy of the reaction system changes. The total change in the bond energy depends on two factors:


1) the energy absorbed by the initial molecules (reactants) in order to break their bonds, and


2) the energy released as the bonds in the molecules that result (products) form.


For example, if breaking the reactants' bonds requires less energy than is released as the bonds of the products form, then the chemical reaction releases energy. This is what the graph on the left below shows. A chemical reaction that releases energy overall is called an exothermic reaction. If breaking the reactants' bonds requires more energy than is released as the bonds of the products form, then the chemical reaction absorbs energy. This is what the graph on the right below shows. A chemical reaction that absorbs energy overall is called an endothermic reaction.


The graph on the left shows a reaction system whose bond energy decreases. The graph on the right shows a system whose bond energy increases. So, the overall difference in the bond energies of the reactants and products determines whether the system absorbs or releases energy overall.

You will need to work with your teacher to develop your model. You can model either an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction. Materials needed should be readily available to you. After plans for your model are approved, you will need to build and use your model. This will enable you to determine how well your model works. You should then make changes, if necessary so that your model more accurately describes the chemical reaction system.


Part I: Develop a Plan for Your Model (20 points)


1. Research atoms, chemical bonds, chemical reactions, and molecules. As part of your research, find ways that other people have modeled chemical reactions. Summarize your research. Use your summary to develop a plan to create a model showing that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends on the changes in total bond energy. (13 points)


2. Write a brief description of the project you will do. Your description should include these parts: (7 points)

- A descriptive title

- An introduction that describes models and what they are being used for in this project

- A review of scientific research related to your topic

- A step-by-step procedure that describes the methods and materials for developing and using the model

- Any limitations of your model

- A description of how you will evaluate your model

- References

Answer:

the answer is 250

Explanation: took the test

Answer:

the regular daily rises and falls in sea level caused by the gravitational attraction of the Moon and Sun on Earth.

Explanation:

Tides can be defined as the rise and fall of water level in water bodies such as lakes and oceans due to the gravitational force of attraction exerted by the moon on earth. The side closest to the moon creates a bulge of water known as high tide. Low tides are generally experienced when a sea level is not within the bulge.

Generally, the gravitational pull of the Moon cause visible changes on planet Earth's surface.

This ultimately implies that, the pull of the Moon's gravity causes high and low tides on planet Earth's surface.

The various types of ocean tides based on the position of the Earth, Moon and the Sun are;

I. Neap tides.

II. Spring tides.

III. Low tide.

IV. High tide.

V. Brown tide.

VI. Rip tide.

VII. Red tide.

Answer:

If the resistors are connected in parallel and the battery voltage is 8V, then voltage across resistor C is 8V.

Answer: 3) 2.0

Explanation: I guessed and got it right on my assignment :)

Answer

This is done by Nuclear Fusion.

Light nuclei like Hydrogen(Deuterium) combine to produce new Elements like Helium.

²H + ²H === ⁴He + ENERGY

The subscripts of the Hydrogen atoms are 1

While that of Helium is 2. My Keyboard couldn't type those

Answer:

B

Explanation:

the balloon has a negative charge and the metal sphere has a positive charge

Answer: B

Explanation:

The balloon will pick up stray electrons, so it will become negatively charged. Since it is attracted to the metal sphere, the sphere must be positively charged.

Answer:

Speed of sound ways in railroad = 6,135.8 m/s

Explanation:

Given:

Distance cover by sound wave = 2,350 meter

Time taken by sound wave to cover distance = 0.383 seconds

Find:

Speed of sound ways in railroad

Computation:

Speed = Distance / Time

Speed of sound ways in railroad = Distance cover by sound wave / Time taken by sound wave to cover distance

Speed of sound ways in railroad = 2,350 / 0.383

Speed of sound ways in railroad = 6,135.77

Speed of sound ways in railroad = 6,135.8 m/s

Answer:

The way the body resist it's state in motion is called inertia. Its directly proportional to it's mass.

Explanation: This is what we call Newton's First Law and "State Of Motion".

Answer:

WP LA æ WI all all Eduardo whatever Cincinnati quips I was just wondering if you want to be a good day

Answer:

In the second law, the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration. I hope this helped!

Explanation:

Answer:

archimides princile

Explanation:

Archimede's principle states that when a body is immersed partly or wholly in a liquid, there is an apparent loss in the weight of the body which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body.

Answer:

archimides

Explanation:

Answer:I think the answer is B. The alpha Deacy but not sure

Explanation:

The type of radioactive decay is the mass number of a nucleus reduced by four is known as alpha decay.

Alpha decay is defined as the type of radioactive decay in which the parent nucleus emits an alpha particle.

Here,

In alpha decay, the parent atomic nuclei emits an alpha particle or helium nucleus and as a result the parent nuclei gets transformed into a different atomic nuclei.

The reaction in alpha decay is given by,

zXᵃ  →  z-₂Yᵃ⁻⁴ + ₂He⁴

From the reaction, it is shown that the new nuclei formed will have a mass number which is decreased by four from that of the parent nuclei. Also, the atomic number of the new atomic nuclei formed is reduced by two.

Thus, in alpha decay, the mass number of the parent nuclei gets reduced by four.

Hence,

The type of radioactive decay is the mass number of a nucleus reduced by four is known as alpha decay.

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Answer: -25.4

Explanation:

Acellus don’t forget the negative sign

Answer:

-25.4

Explanation:

Acellus

Give the man above me brainliest!

Answer:

12 (Magnesium- Mg)

Explanation:

Looking at the four numbers, we have:

Magnesium, Silicon, Sulfur, and Chlorine.

We can eliminate two of the answers immediately just by looking at the periodic table.

Sulfur and Chlorine are on the nonmetal side of the periodic table. So that's definitely not it. That leaves Magnesium and Silicon.

Silicon is a Metalloid. Magnesium is an Alkaline earth Metal.

Metaloids are elements that have a mix of both metal and nonmetal properties (luster, how it feels, etc.). Since it's a MIX and Magnesium is just straight METAL-

We can say Magnesium has the most metallic properties.

hope this helps!!

Answer:

C

electron movement

Explanation:

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol 

e−

 or 

β−

, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.[9] Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family,[10] and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.[1] The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.[11] Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value, expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant, ħ. Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.[10] Like all elementary particles, electrons exhibit properties of both particles and waves: they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light. The wave properties of electrons are easier to observe with experiments than those of other particles like neutrons and protons because electrons have a lower mass and hence a longer de Broglie wavelength for a given energy.

Electrons play an essential role in numerous physical phenomena, such as electricity, magnetism, chemistry and thermal conductivity, and they also participate in gravitational, electromagnetic and weak interactions.[12] Since an electron has charge, it has a surrounding electric field, and if that electron is moving relative to an observer, said observer will observe it to generate a magnetic field. Electromagnetic fields produced from other sources will affect the motion of an electron according to the Lorentz force law. Electrons radiate or absorb energy in the form of photons when they are accelerated. Laboratory instruments are capable of trapping individual electrons as well as electron plasma by the use of electromagnetic fields. Special telescopes can detect electron plasma in outer space. Electrons are involved in many applications such as electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators.

Interactions involving electrons with other subatomic particles are of interest in fields such as chemistry and nuclear physics. The Coulomb force interaction between the positive protons within atomic nuclei and the negative electrons without, allows the composition of the two known as atoms. Ionization or differences in the proportions of negative electrons versus positive nuclei changes the binding energy of an atomic system. The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding.[13] In 1838, British natural philosopher Richard Laming first hypothesized the concept of an indivisible quantity of electric charge to explain the chemical properties of atoms.[3] Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney named this charge 'electron' in 1891, and J. J. Thomson and his team of British physicists identified it as a particle in 1897 during the cathode ray tube experiment.[5] Electrons can also participate in nuclear reactions, such as nucleosynthesis in stars, where they are known as beta particles. Electrons can be created through beta decay of radioactive isotopes and in high-energy collisions, for instance when cosmic rays enter the atmosphere. The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical charge of the opposite sign. When an electron collides with a positron, both particles can be annihilated, producing gamma ray photons.

Answer:

Sound travels at different speeds depending on what it is traveling through. Of the three mediums (gas, liquid, and solid) sound waves travel the slowest through gases, faster through liquids, and fastest through solids.

Sound waves fall into three categories: longitudinal waves, mechanical waves, and pressure waves.

Answer:

elements in the same column have the same number of neutrons. elements with similar mass are placed in the same column.

Answer:

Explanation:

Two charged particles will vary in energy as we alter the distance between them.

Answer:

Duracell

Amazon Basics 2 Pack CR1616 3 Volt Lithium Coin Cell Battery.

LiCB 20 Pack LR44 AG13 357 303 SR44 Battery 1.5V Button Coin Cell Batteries.

Explanation:

Hope this helps and have a nice day!

Answer:

5 m/s

Explanation:

your welcome

The speed of a wave equals to Wavelength and Frequency. The SI unit of speed of wave is m/s. Thus, option D is correct.

The speed of wave is distance travelled by the wave in given time. It is related to both wavelength and frequency. Wavelength is measured in meters and frequency in hertz.

From the givens:

Frequency(f) = 2 Hz.

Wavelength(λ) = 10m.

Amplitude = 3m ( Amplitude does not affect the speed of wave)

Speed (v) = λ × f

               = 10 × 2

              = 20 m/s.

Therefore, the speed of the wave is 20 m/s. Hence, Option D is correct.

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Answer:

Neseciti puntos oara mi tarea y mad ni entiendo lo wue dices

Answer:

The particles will more likely to move faster since they are converted from a liquid to gas.

Rules for States of Matter:

1. Solid particles always are packed close together and don't have much space to move.

2. Liquid particles have space to move around but are still packed together, but not as close as solid.

3. Gas particles are moving freely, in fact they are in the air! Gas particles are free to move wherever. For example, the air has gas particles that are constantly bumping into each other.

Let me know if I am right =)

Answer:

9 m/s

Explanation:

13.5 × [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex] = 9

Answer:-4.1858

Explanation: I hate Acellus

If A +6.33 μC charge q₁ is attracted by a force of 0.115 N to a second charge q2 that is 1.44 m away. then the value of q₂ = 4.23 μC.

Electrostatic force is a force of attraction or repulsion between two unlike or like charges respectively. when like charges come closer to each other, they gets repel by one another and it gets attracted for unlike charges. Force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges are given by coulomb's law. The force of attraction between two charges are given by coulomb's law.

the law states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is directly proportional to product of magnitude of both the charge and inversely proportional to square of the distance between them.

i.e. F ∝ q₁q₂

F ∝ 1/r²

F ∝ q₁q₂/r²

F = kq₁q₂/r²

where k is proportionality constant k = 1/4π∈₀ = 8.9×10⁹

In this problem,

Given,

q₁ = 6.33×10⁻⁶ C

F = 0.115N

r = 1.44m

q₂ = ?

putting this values in the equation,

0.115 = 8.9×10⁹×6.33×10⁻⁶ ×q₂÷1.44²

q₂ = 4.23 μC.

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