Claudius Ptolemaeus (85-165 AD) or Ptolemy believed Aristotle's theory that the Sun, Moon, and planets circled the Earth.
However, he improved it to account for the fact that planets sometimes appear to travel backward across the sky, called retrograde motion.
Galileo Galilei used various pieces of evidence to support Copernicus's heliocentric model and challenge the geocentric model proposed by Aristotle and Ptolemy. Some of the key evidence and observations that Galileo put forward include:
Observations of the phases of Venus: Galileo observed that Venus goes through phases just like the Moon.Observation of Jupiter's moons: Galileo discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter, now known as the Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto). Observation of Saturn: Galileo observed Saturn using his telescope and noticed the presence of what he called "ears" or "appendages" on each side of the planet.Lunar observations: Galileo's observations of the Moon revealed mountains, valleys, and craters, contradicting the notion of a perfect and unchanging celestial realm put forth by Aristotle and Ptolemy.Sunspot observations: Galileo observed sunspots, dark spots on the surface of the Sun.Thus, it's worth noting that while Galileo provided empirical evidence to support the heliocentric model, his ideas and evidence faced strong opposition from the religious and cultural beliefs of the time, as they contradicted the established dogma of a geocentric universe.
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which
statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?
F Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
G Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
H Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses
carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.
J
Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses
oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
Answer:
H
Explanation:
Cellar respiration uses oxygen and release carbondioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbondioxide and release oxygen.
Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria because?
Which question could best be tested using this setup? A. Do plants continue to grow in the absence of light? B. Do green plants need light for cell division to occur? C. Do green water plants release a gas in the presence of light? D. Do the roots of water plants absorb minerals in the absence of light?
Answer:
b
Explanation:
because the green plants need light or the cell division for it to work.
Answer: A. Yes
Explanation: I think so because they're looking for the light (they grow taller so they can find light)
How do the cells of a multicellular organism differ from those of a unicellular organism?
A.) They never replicate.
B.)They are specialized.
C.)They perform all functions.
D.)They are all the same.
A. They never replicate .
Answer:
B. They are specialized.
Explanation:
How is the cell division of cancer cells like these misregulated?
Select all that apply.
Such cells are not inhibited by density.
Such cells can divide in the absence of growth factors.
Such cells skip the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Such cells do not require anchorage to a surface in order to divide.
Such cells do not respond to signals that normally trigger apoptosis.
Such cells do not need enzymes for DNA replication.
Cancer is due to irregularities in cell division that are caused by mutations in cancerous cells. These mutations inhibit apoptosis and favor cell division. Among the options, the correct ones are 1, 2, 4, and 5.
------------------------------------------
Cancer is the result of irregular cell division.
Its development and progression are closely related to changes in the cell cycle regulator factors.
Cancerous cells
• Divide when they should not do it ⇒ overactivity of the positive cell division regulators.
• Do not stop dividing when they should ⇒ reduction in the activity of cell division inhibitors
• Do not die when they should ⇒ loss of the apoptotic capability
• Leave the area where they are growing ad travel to other parts of the body ⇒ metastasis
Normal cells divide and die during a programmed period.
When a normal cell mutates or suffers from any alterations that can not be repaired, it automatically activates its apoptotic process.
However, cancerous cells lose the capability of dying and their reproductive inhibition, so they keep growing and dividing with no limits.
The unlimited division occurs because mutations in cancerous cells influence the cell cycle by favoring proliferation and inhibiting senescence and apoptosis.
These cells do not depend on external growth factors or other protein signals to divide.
Cancerous cells can release their own growth factor and even influence neighbor cells to produce and release these substances.
Cell division is constant even when there is no space.
Sometimes over multiplication creates tumors that might affect healthy neighbor cells and the tissue itself.
Among the options,
1) Such cells are not inhibited by density. CORRECT
2) Such cells can divide in the absence of growth factors. CORRECT
3) Such cells skip the G1 phase of the cell cycle. INCORRECT
4) Such cells do not require anchorage to a surface in order to divide. CORRECT
5) Such cells do not respond to signals that normally trigger apoptosis. CORRECT
6) Such cells do not need enzymes for DNA replication. INCORRECT
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Cancer cells can divide in the absence of growth factors. Cancer cells do not require anchorage to a surface in order to divide. Cancer cells do not respond to signals that normally trigger apoptosis.
Cancer cells can multiply without any growth factors whereas normal cells will not divide without the addition of growth factors. Cancer and tumor cells are less dependent on anchorage. They are free to proliferate, and invade tissues. A normal cell that have damaged DNA will undergo apoptosis while on the other hand, cancer cell with unfixable DNA will not undergo apoptosis and will continue multiplication.
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Describe how gene therapy can be a social issue and give rise to moral, ethical and legal debates. Justify your response in two or more complete sentences in the essay box below.
Answer:
Gene therapy is the process or replacing mutated genes with normal genes in an attempt to heal diseases by correcting the functional code of the gene. Mutated genes can cause genetic disorders. Transformation and transfection are the two methods used to insert a normal gene into an organism. The process of transformation occurs in a laboratory. Cells are grown in the lab and then introduced to DNA that carries the gene of interest. Transfection uses a virus to introduce the gene of interest to the host cells.
Gene therapy is a relatively new biotechnology. It is very expensive and much more research needs to be done before it is perfected. Gene therapy has had the best results in the treatment of cancer. One of the ways gene therapy is used in cancer treatment is by inserting a gene that is more sensitive to treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation.tion:
Gene therapy can be a social issue by the process or replacing muted genes with normal genes while attempting to heal a sickness of a bad function in one. Mutated genes can cause genetic disorders. Transformation and transfection are the two methods used to insert a normal gene into an organism. The process of transformation occurs in a laboratory. Cells are grown in the lab and then introduced to DNA that carries the gene of interest. Transfection uses a virus to introduce the gene of interest to the host cells.Gene therapy is a new biotechnology. It is very expensive and much more research needs to be done before it is perfected. Gene therapy has had the best results in the treatment of cancer. By adding a gene that can handle radition theropy you can go through it without a problem.
Is everything in an ecosystem is connected?
where are chloroplasts located
Do you think oxygen turns the penny dark brown all the way through or just on the surface
Answer:
just on the surface
Explanation:
you can clean it
In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little
During which phase of meiosis does the separation of homologous chromosomes occur?
Answer:
In anaphase I, centromeres break down and homologous chromosomes separate. In telophase I, chromosomes move to opposite poles; during cytokinesis the cell separates into two haploid cells.
Let me know if this helps
Thanks :)
Explanation:
ILL MARK BRAINLIEST PLEASE ANSWER QUICK!!!!
Answer:
C, B, A, D
Explanation:
I'm pretty sure this is it, sorry if it's wrong
Mrs. Erica Jackson realized that something was wrong with her child’s skin. She found that holding her child caused severe blisters to form. The blisters broke, became infected, scarred, and eventually the child’s fingers fused together. What disorder did the child have? Is it genetic? What are the treatments?
Answer: Epidermolysis bullosa. It is genetic.
Explanation:
The disorder that the child have is referred to as epidermolysis bullosa. It is a disorder of the connective tissue and it's genetic. The disease causes blisters on the skin of an infected person.
Some of the treatments for epidermolysis bullosa include:
• Cell based therapies.
• Protein replacement therapies.
• Gene therapy.
• Bone marrow transplantation.
benefits and drawbacks of synthetic food products?
Answer:
First We're going to look at the benefits of synthetic food products
To make food Taste better.To improve the nutritional composition of a product (Increase the vitamin content by adding ascorbic acid.To maintain the nutrient Composition of the food and to keep it saafe to eat.Explanation:
Now we're going to look at the drawbacks of Synthetic food products
Artificial food colors can cause intestinal upset and breathing problems.I need help with anatomy
page 1
1) pareital lobe
2) occipital lobe
3) temporal lobe
5) cerebellum
7) frontal lobe
thats all i know ;-;
What is planned goal for the Europa Clipper mission (if you answer you get 100 pints need ASAP
Answer:
NASA's Europa Clipper will conduct detailed reconnaissance of Jupiter's moon Europa and investigate whether the icy moon could harbor conditions suitable for life.
Explanation:
a nucleic acid is Long repeating chain of what?
A student collects a sample of water from a pond near her home. She
examines a drop of the water under a microscope and sees four very
differently shaped single-celled organisms. Which of the following
can she reasonably conclude as the reason the organisms look so
different?
Answer:
A. Each organism had a different parent that passed on a set of unique genetic instructions.
Explanation:
Organisms can either be single-celled or multicellular. According to this question, a student collects a sample of water from a pond near her home. She then examines a drop of the water under a microscope and noticed it contains four very differently shaped single-celled organisms.
The single-celled organisms are of different shapes because they are from different parents, which passed on a set of unique genetic instructions via their genes to them. Organisms of the same species from the same parent will possess the same shape because they contain same gene which makes them look and behave similar.
However, in this case, the four different shaped single-celled organisms are of DIFFERENT SPECIES and hence, contain individual unique genes that makes them so
Which of the following is NOT a necessary input for the process of cellular respiration? 1. CO2 (carbon dioxide) 2. Glucose 3. Sugar 4. O2 (oxygen)
Answer:
CO2
Explanation:
Hope this helps :)
CO2 (carbon dioxide) is NOT a necessary input for the process of cellular respiration.
What is cellular respiration ?
A series of chemical reactions known as cellular respiration break down glucose into ATP, which can be used as energy to power numerous body processes. Cellular respiration has three main stages: the citric acid cycle, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, glycolysis takes place in the cytosol, and oxidative phosphorylation takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Glucose, ATP, and NAD+ are the cellular respiration starting reactants, the rate-determining enzymes for cellular respiration are phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, and the final products include ATP and water. One or more enzymes involved in cellular respiration, like succinyl-CoA-synthase or pyruvate kinase, are typically disrupted by diseases that affect this process.Glycolysis is the only process that can take place without oxygen, and only two ATP molecules can be produced for each glucose molecule. ATP and H2O are the two final end products of cellular respiration. Glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules, four ATPs (a net of two ATP), two NADH molecules, and two H2O molecules.One acetyl-CoA, one NADH, and one CO2 are produced for each pyruvate molecule when oxygen is present. One GTP, three NADH, one FADH2, and two CO2 are the products of the TCA cycle. GTP is an energy-rich compound similar to ATP that is typically used in environments with lower pH. The electron transport chain can then use NADH and FADH2 to make more ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation.
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how are the cells in the leaf of a plant and the cells in the roots of the plant different
Answer:
Explanation:
The water needed for photosynthesis is absorbed through the roots and transported through tubes to the leaf. The roots have a type of cell called a root hair cell. ... Note that root cells do not contain chloroplasts, as they are normally in the dark and cannot carry out photosynthesis.
Answer:
genrally speaking :
1)the cells of a leaf have chloroplasts, the root cell doesnt
2)as a result of the first point, root cells dont carry out photosyntheis
3)the root hair cells have elongated structures for water and mineral absorption
Explanation:
Conduct online research to learn more about competition between two species not mentioned in this lesson. Make sure to include information about their niches, common resources, and other competitors.
Answer:
In many forest ecosystems, squirrels and chipmunks compete for acorns and some other resources. However, they don’t have the exact same niches. Squirrels nest in trees, while chipmunks live underground. These species don’t compete with each other for mates either. Thus, squirrels are in interspecific competition with chipmunks.
All squirrels in a particular ecosystem share the same niche. The same is true of all chipmunks. So, both of these species are in intraspecific competition. Competing with an individual from the same species is harder than competing with members of other species. For example, squirrels compete with other squirrels for not only food (acorns), but also shelter and mates. However, they also compete with some other species, such as deer and acorn weevils, for acorns. Furthermore, they are both prey for many of the same predators, such as hawks, raccoons, foxes, and weasels.
Explanation:
I did the assignment and this got a 100%
Jill wants to conduct an investigation to determine what happens to the temperature of water if it is left in the sun. She places a container of water the sun and inserts a thermometer. She reads
the thermometer every minute and records the temperature. What is the responding (dependent) variable?
amount of sunlight
temperature of the water
amount of water
time in the sun
Answer:
Temperature of the water
Explanation:
A dependant variable is something that is affected/changed by the independent variable. The temperature of the water is changed by the amount of sunlight and time in the sun changing.
Hopefully that helps. xx
Study these images.
4 photos of clouds. 1: Sky covered with large, flat layers of blue, grey clouds. 2: A tall, fluffy cloud shaped like an anvil. 3: Round, puffy clouds in a blue sky. 4: Thin, wispy clouds high in the sky.
Which image shows a cumulonimbus cloud?
Answer:
2: A tall, fluffy cloud shaped like an anvil
Explanation:
These clouds are usally large and fluffy with a smoothed over top.
Answer:
Answer 2
Explanation:
It fits the description of Cumulonimbus Clouds.
non- examples for Induction
Answer:
▲ Opposite of the act of inaugurating, or inducting into office or a position. blackballing. end. expulsion.
Explanation:
Identify the structures of the cells and the routes by which water and minerals pass through to the vascular tissue.
Answer:
Xylem
Explanation:
Xylem is a conducting tissue found in vascular plants in which most plant use to obtain water and minerals they need through their roots. Water and mineral moves from the soil to roots to stems and to leaves. The minerals such as potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+) travels in dissolved for in the water with various organic molecules supplied by root cells.
Water and minerals enter the root by different paths but converge in the stele, or central vascular bundle in roots.
Water conducting cells is known as tracheary elements.
what change in a population would you expect to see if a selection pressure was against the traits of the dominant allele?
The change in population in the given condition would be an increase of true recessive traits in the population and there would be only a few individuals with dominant traits.
In case of selection pressure was against the dominant trait, then individuals of the population who have true recessive alleles would have an advantage over the heterozygous and dominant individuals of the population.
There would be very few individuals carrying its dominant genotype and it may eventually be extinct, however, it would be still dominant. The recessive trait would just become more prominent rather than becoming dominant.
Thus, the number of recessive traits would increase in population, and the number of dominant decrease to numbers.
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Decrease occur in the population of dominant allele occurs.
Change in a population of dominant allele occurs if a selection pressure was against the traits of the dominant allele because the selection pressure is against the dominant allele that leads to appearance of recessive allele and disappearance of dominant allele. The selection pressure is responsible for the appearance of allele in the offspring so we can conclude that dominant allele is decreases in the population of the future generation.
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I need get a , a on this or I’m failing lol please help
Answer:
I think the answer is B, Rivers. Mountain ranges don't really help the environment much as can mostly only change the climate.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Plains are big fields of grass that need lots of water, air and sun to be alive, if there are plains on the planet, that means there is sufficient water and sun and air for a living organism to thrive such as plains.
What is an organism’s phenotype? its specific set of physical traits. the number of genes in its genome. its specific set of genes. the number of nucleotides in its genome
Answer:
A
Explanation:
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What do we use meteorites for radiometric dating?
Answer:
There are more than 70 meteorites, of different types, whose ages have been measured using radiometric dating techniques.
Explanation:
ILL GIVE BRAINLY PLZ HELP Fisherman at Reelfoot Lake, in Northwest Tennessee, noted a drop in the number of catfish. What is the most reasonable conclusion, based on the data provided?
A) The pH of the rain will not affect the fish that live in the lake.
B) The pH of the rain falling into the lake is of level that it is killing the adult fish.
C) The pH of the rain falling into the lake is of level that it is affecting fish reproduction.
D) The pH of the rain falling into the lake is of level that it is both affecting fish reproduction and killing adult fish.
Answer:
D, if you look at the acid rain it covers both death of fish and reproduction