SWOT analysis is a planning tool that organizations use to identify their internal and external factors that are either favorable or unfavorable to the achievement of their objectives. SWOT is an acronym that stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.
This analysis is useful in guiding an organization in setting realistic goals and objectives. Therefore, in this paper, we will conduct a SWOT analysis on the development of rural tourism in Bangladesh.
Strength- Bangladesh is endowed with several natural resources that make it a top destination for tourists. The country has a tropical climate, lush forests, numerous rivers, and a long coastline. The natural resources make it attractive to tourists looking for eco-tourism destinations. The Bangladesh government is committed to developing rural tourism in the country. They have put in place policies that make it easy for investors to invest in the rural tourism industry.
Weaknesses -The infrastructure in the rural areas of Bangladesh is not well developed. This makes it difficult for tourists to access the rural areas. There is also a lack of accommodation facilities in the rural areas. Tourists are forced to either stay in the cities or in makeshift accommodation facilities.OpportunitiesThe development of rural tourism in Bangladesh presents several opportunities. Rural tourism can be a source of income for the local population. It also creates job opportunities for the people in the rural areas. The development of rural tourism can also lead to the development of the rural infrastructure. This includes the development of roads, electricity, and water supply in the rural areas.ThreatsThe development of rural tourism in Bangladesh is not without threats. There is a possibility of environmental degradation due to increased tourist activities in the rural areas. This can have a negative impact on the environment and the local population. There is also the threat of cultural erosion due to the influx of tourists who may not respect the local cultures and traditions. The lack of security in the rural areas can also discourage tourists from visiting the area.In conclusion, the development of rural tourism in Bangladesh presents several opportunities that can be harnessed for the benefit of the country. However, the challenges that come with the development of rural tourism cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is important that the government puts in place policies that ensure that the development of rural tourism is done in a sustainable manner that benefits the local population.
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Assuming that there is an oversubscription the funds that have been oversubscribed? for shares in a company, how can the directors of the company deal with LO 13.4..
Company shares are oversubscribed when demand exceeds supply. Oversubscription can be handled in numerous ways by company directors. Some approaches:
Proportional allocation: Directors might give investors shares based on their initial subscription. If an investor wanted 100 shares but the corporation could only provide 50%, the investor would receive 50 shares.
Random selection: Directors may randomly choose shares if the proportional allocation is not possible or fair. They can draw or lottery investors for accessible shares.
Oversubscription agreement: Directors may negotiate with oversubscribed investors to allot a portion of the shares and return the excess subscription amount. This agreement can govern oversubscription.
Offering more shares: If the oversubscription is high and investor interest is high, the directors may issue more shares. This requires regulatory compliance and approvals.
Legal and regulatory issues, investor agreements, and the company's goals and strategy would influence the directors' attitudes. Directors must act in the best interests of the company and shareholders while guaranteeing openness and fairness in allocation.
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Discuss about the Leontief Paradox and factor intensity
reversal. Why does country like USA, capital abundant country,
import a capital intensive product? What is factor intensity
reversal?
Leontief Paradox refers to the unexpected finding by economist Wassily Leontief that a capital-abundant country like the USA imports more capital-intensive goods and exports more labor-intensive goods. This contradicted the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, which suggests that a capital-abundant country should export capital-intensive goods.
Factor intensity reversal occurs when a country's factor endowment does not align with the factor intensity of its exports or imports. In the case of the USA, the paradox arises because although it is considered capital-abundant, it imports capital-intensive products due to other factors like technological advancements and comparative advantage. The USA may possess advanced technologies that make capital-intensive production more efficient, leading to importing such goods from other countries with lower capital costs. Factor intensity reversal highlights the importance of considering other factors beyond factor endowments, such as technology, productivity, and comparative advantage, in determining a country's trade patterns.
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Section B (25 marks) 1. Question a-j: Select "(A)" for Debit and "(B)" for Credit Under a double-entry system, show how the entry in each statement is entered in the ledger by using debit or credit to indicate the increase or decrease in the affected account. Debit or Credit An increase in Salaries and Wages Expense. b. A decrease in Accounts Payable. c. An decrease in Advertising Expense. d. An increase in Owner's Capital. e. A decrease in purchases. f. An increase in Owner's Drawings. g. An increase in Sales Revenue. h. i. An increase in Rent Expense. j. A decrease in Equipment. (10 marks) 2. Determine the owner's equity in the following situations: a) Cash RM11,200, accounts receivables RM808, accounts payable RM260, food inventory RM4,482, kitchen equipment, RM1,220. b) Cash RM12,000, accounts receivable RM1,800, bank RM4,400, loan from Maybank RM3, 120, loan to Clement RM7,800. c) Loan to Ahmad RM3,500, Furniture & fittings RM8,000, Shop lot RM65,000, Mortgage RM72,000, Inventory RM2,800, Cash RM5,600, Bank RM930, Accounts payable RM17,000, Accounts receivable RM2,300 d) Motor vehicle RM45,000, Mortgage on buildings RM80,000; Cash at bank RM1,000; Loan to employee RM5,000; Accounts payable RM6,000; Buildings RM120,000; Accounts receivable RM12,500, Bank overdraft, RM9,000 e) Cash RM3,400, Inventory RM2,800; Bank overdraft RM6,200; Vehicles RM12,000; Machine RM23,000; Lands RM31,000; Loan from CIMB RM22,000, Account payable RM11,000, Accounts receivable RM22,000 (15 marks) A decrease in Accounts Receivable.
The owner's equity in this situation will be: RM3,400 + RM2,800 + RM12,000 + RM23,000 + RM31,000 + RM22,000 - RM11,000 - RM22,000 - RM6,200 = RM55,000 "An increase in Owner's Equity."
Under a double-entry system, Debit and Credit can be used to indicate the increase or decrease in the affected account.
a-j is as follows: a) Debit Salaries and Wages Expense for an increase b) Credit Accounts Payable for a decrease c) Credit Advertising Expense for a decreased) Credit Owner's Capital for an increase e) Credit Purchases for a decrease f) Debit Owner's Drawings for an increase g) Credit Sales Revenue for an increase h) Debit Rent Expense for an increase i) Debit Equipment for a decrease j) Credit Equipment for a decrease .
To calculate the owner's equity in the given situations are as follows: a) The owner's equity will be the sum of all the assets minus the sum of all the liabilities. Therefore, the owner's equity in this situation will be:RM11,200 + RM808 + RM4,482 + RM1,220 - RM260 = RM17,450b) The owner's equity will be the sum of all the assets minus the sum of all the liabilities. Therefore, the owner's equity in this situation will be:RM12,000 + RM1,800 + RM4,400 - RM3,120 - RM7,800 = RM7,280c) The owner's equity will be the sum of all the assets minus the sum of all the liabilities.
Therefore, the owner's equity in this situation will be:RM3,500 + RM8,000 + RM65,000 + RM2,800 + RM5,600 + RM930 + RM2,300 - RM17,000 - RM72,000 = RM13,130d) The owner's equity will be the sum of all the assets minus the sum of all the liabilities. Therefore, the owner's equity in this situation will be:RM45,000 + RM1,000 + RM12,500 + RM120,000 - RM80,000 - RM6,000 - RM5,000 - RM9,000 = RM88,500.
The owner's equity will be the sum of all the assets minus the sum of all the liabilities. Therefore, the owner's equity in this situation will be:RM3,400 + RM2,800 + RM12,000 + RM23,000 + RM31,000 + RM22,000 - RM11,000 - RM22,000 - RM6,200 = RM55,000The answer to the question is "An increase in Owner's Equity."
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KM audit is: A) Auditing the cost of tools that are being used for KM B) What knowledge is currently shared, who is sharing it, who is using it and how is it being managed C) Finding out the number of organizations that have a KM strategy D) Listing the objectives and goals to be achieved in the future through KM strategy E) All of the above
A KM audit is essentially an assessment of an organization's knowledge management practices, processes, and systems. answer is "B) What knowledge is currently shared, who is sharing it, who is using it and how is it being managed."
It involves evaluating how knowledge is captured, stored, shared, and utilized within the organization, and identifying areas for improvement. This includes understanding what knowledge is currently being shared, who is sharing it, who is using it, and how it is being managed. While options A, C, and D may be components of a KM audit, they are not the primary focus. AKM audit is a comprehensive process that involves evaluating an organization's current knowledge management practices, identifying areas for improvement, and developing strategies to enhance knowledge sharing and utilization in the future.
A KM audit involves evaluating the current state of knowledge management within an organization, assessing the knowledge sharing practices, identifying who is involved in the process, and understanding how the knowledge is being managed. This helps organizations to identify gaps and improve their knowledge management practices.
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why do we need different tools for analyzing financial statements
Different tools are needed for analyzing financial statements because each tool provides unique insights into different aspects of a company's financial performance, such as profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency.
Analyzing financial statements requires a comprehensive understanding of a company's financial position, performance, and cash flow. Different tools are used because they focus on specific aspects and provide different perspectives on the company's financial health.
1. Profitability Analysis: Tools like ratio analysis, such as gross profit margin, net profit margin, and return on investment, help evaluate the company's profitability. These tools assess the company's ability to generate profits from its operations and measure its efficiency in utilizing resources.
2. Liquidity Analysis: Tools like the current ratio and quick ratio assess the company's ability to meet short-term obligations. These ratios measure the company's liquidity position and determine if it has enough assets to cover its short-term liabilities.
3. Solvency Analysis: Tools like the debt-to-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio evaluate the company's long-term financial stability. These ratios assess the company's ability to repay its long-term debts and meet its interest obligations.
4. Efficiency Analysis: Tools like asset turnover ratio and inventory turnover ratio analyze the company's operational efficiency and asset management. These ratios measure how effectively the company utilizes its assets to generate revenue.
By using different tools for analyzing financial statements, investors, analysts, and stakeholders gain a comprehensive understanding of the company's financial performance from various perspectives. This multi-dimensional analysis helps in making informed decisions, identifying areas of improvement, and assessing the company's overall financial health.
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Award: 1.00 point After preparing and posting the closing entries for revenues and expenses, the income summary account has a debit balance of $33,000. The entry to close the income summary account in a corporation will be: Debit Income Summary $33,000; credit Share Capital $33,000. O Debit Income Summary $33,000; credit Retained earnings $33,000. Debit Income Summary $33,000; credit Dividends $33,000. Debit Retained earnings $33,000; credit Income Summary $33,000. Credit Share Capital $33,000; debit Dividends $33,000.
The correct entry to close the income summary account in a corporation when it has a debit balance of $33,000 is: Debit Retained earnings $33,000; credit Income Summary $33,000.
The income summary account is used to summarize the revenues and expenses for a given accounting period. After preparing and posting the closing entries for revenues and expenses, the income summary account should ideally have a zero balance. However, in this case, the income summary account has a debit balance of $33,000.
To close the income summary account, we need to transfer the net income (or net loss) to the appropriate equity account. In a corporation, the retained earnings account represents the accumulated earnings of the company. Since the income summary account has a debit balance, it indicates that there is net income. Therefore, we debit the retained earnings account to increase it by the amount of net income ($33,000) and credit the income summary account to reduce its balance to zero.
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ABC Corporation processes raw milk up to the split-off point where two products, cream and liquid skim, are produced and sold. There was no beginning inventory. The following material was collected for the month of February:
Direct materials processed: 800,000 gallons (778,500 gallons of good product)
Production: Cream 443,500 gallons
Liquid skim 335,000 gallons
Sales: Cream 424,500 at $130 per gallon
Liquid skim 324,000 at $120 per gallon
The cost of purchasing 800,000 gallons of direct materials and processing it up to the split-off point to yield a total of 778,500 gallons of good product was $2,350,000. Which of the following statements about ABC's joint production costs is true?
A) The gross-margin percentage per gallon of Cream and Liquid skim are equal because joint costs are allocated based on the number of gallons.
B) The gross-margin percentage per gallon of Cream is higher than gross margin percentage per gallon of Liquid skim because of Cream's higher production volume.
C) The joint production cost per gallon of Cream and Liquid skim are equal because joint costs are allocated based on the number of gallons.
D) The joint production cost per gallon of Cream is higher than joint production cost per gallon of Liquid skim because of Cream's higher production volume.
D) ABC Corporation's joint production costs per gallon of Cream and Liquid skim are not equal. The joint production cost per gallon of Cream is higher than the joint production cost per gallon of Liquid skim because of Cream's higher production volume.
Is the joint production cost per gallon of Cream higher than that of Liquid skim due to Cream's higher production volume?ABC Corporation incurs joint production costs when processing raw milk up to the split-off point where Cream and Liquid skim are produced. In February, 800,000 gallons of direct materials were processed, resulting in 778,500 gallons of good product. The total cost of purchasing and processing the raw materials was $2,350,000.
To determine the true allocation of joint production costs, we need to consider the sales and production volumes of Cream and Liquid skim. Cream had a production volume of 443,500 gallons, while Liquid skim had a production volume of 335,000 gallons. Cream's higher production volume means that the joint production costs are spread across a smaller number of gallons, leading to a higher cost per gallon for Cream compared to Liquid skim.
Therefore, option D is the correct statement. The joint production cost per gallon of Cream is higher than the joint production cost per gallon of Liquid skim due to Cream's higher production volume.
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You buy a share of Alphabet stock for 2300, and a nine-month call option at 2100 for 346.12. You sell a nine-month put option at 2400 for 88.94. You hold your portfolio until the expiration date. On the expiration date, you cash out your portfolio. Graph the profits of your strategy as the price of Alphabet stock at the expiration date goes from 2000 to 2600. Profits equal the amount you receive at the expiration date for cashing out your portfolio minus the amount you paid for the portfolio. Solve on Excel and graph.
To graph the profits of your strategy as the price of Alphabet stock at the expiration date varies from 2000 to 2600, you can use Excel to calculate the profits at different stock prices and create a line graph.
Here's how you can set up the calculation in Excel and create the graph:
Create a column for the stock price ranging from 2000 to 2600, let's say in column A.In column B, calculate the profit for each stock price using the formula. Profit = Amount received at expiration - Amount paid for the portfolio. For example, in cell B2, the formula would be: =A2 - (2300 + 346.12 - 88.94)Copy the formula down the column for each stock price.Select the range of data in columns A and B.Go to the "Insert" tab and select "Line" from the chart types to create a line graph.Customize the graph by adding labels, titles, and adjusting the axes as needed.By following these steps, you can create a graph that shows the profits of your strategy as the price of Alphabet stock at the expiration date varies from 2000 to 2600.
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Dayton Engineering manufactures small engines that it sells to manufacturers who install them in products such as lawn mowers. The company currently manufactures all the parts used in these engines but is considering a proposal from an external supplier who wishes to supply the starter assemblies used in these engines. The starter assemblies are currently manufactured in Division 3 of Dayton Engineering The costs relating to the starter assemblies for the past 12 months were as follows (Click the icon to view the costs) Over the past year, Division 3 manufactured 150,000 starter assemblies. The average cost for each starter assembly is $8 ($1,200,000/150,000) Further analysis of manufacturing overhead revealed the following information Of the total manufacturing overhead, only 25% is considered variable. Of the fixed portion, $262.500 is an allocation of general overhead that will remain unchanged for the company as a whole if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. A further $175.000 of the fixed overhead is avoidable if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. The balance of the current fixed overhead, $87.500, is the division manager's salary If Dayton Engineering discontinues production of the starter assemblies, the manager of Division 3 will be transferred to Division 2 at the same salary. This move will allow the company to save the $70,000 salary that would otherwise be paid to attract an outsider to this position Required Requirement 1. Tilton Electronics, a reliable supplier, has offered to supply starter-assembly units at $7 per unit. Because this price is less than the current average cost of 58 per unit. the vice-president of manufacturing is eager to accept this offer. On the basis of financial considerations alone should Dayton Engineering accept the outside offer? Show your calculations (Hint Production output in the coming year may be different from production output in the past year) (Round the variable costs per unit to the nearest cent. Leave unused cells blank) All Data Relevant Data ro th id OS Costs Direct materials Variable direct manufacturing labour Manufacturing overhead Total Print All Dee $ 300,000 200,000 700,000 $ 1,200,000 Done Delavrant Data - X FOR 1. Tilton Electronics, a reliable supplier, has offered to supply starter-assembly units at $7 per unit. Because this price is less than the current average cost of $8 per unit, the vice-president of manufacturing is eager to accept this offer. On the basis of financial considerations alone, should Dayton Engineering accept the outside offer? Show your calculations. (Hint: Production output in the coming year may be different from production output in the past year.) 2. How, if at all, would your response to requirement 1 change if the company could use the vacated plant space for storage and, in so doing, avoid $120,000 of outside storage charges currently incurred? Why is this information relevant or irrelevant?
Tilton Electronics has offered to supply starter-assembly units at $7 per unit. Since this price is lower than the current average cost of $8 per unit, the vice-president of manufacturing wants to accept the offer.
should Dayton Engineering accept the outside offer on the basis of financial considerations alone Variable costs per unit = Variable direct materials + Variable direct manufacturing labor + 25% of manufacturing overhead per unit = $2.00 + $0.66 + $0.75 = $3.41 Now we can compare the variable costs per unit with the outside offer price of $7. Variable cost per unit = $3.41; Outside offer price = $7 Since the outside offer price is greater than the variable cost per unit, Dayton Engineering should accept the outside offer of $7 per unit. This would result in a savings of $1 per unit ($8 - $7) and total savings of $150,000 (150,000 units x $1 saved per unit).Dayton Engineering should accept Tilton Electronics' outside offer of $7 per unit. The company would save $1 per unit and $150,000 in total
There are two alternatives for Dayton Engineering. One is to continue producing the starter assemblies, and the other is to accept Tilton Electronics' outside offer. If Dayton Engineering continues producing the starter assemblies, it will incur the total cost of $1,200,000 for 150,000 starter assemblies manufactured. The average cost per unit will be $8. On the other hand, if Dayton Engineering accepts Tilton Electronics' outside offer, it will save $1 per unit, resulting in total savings of $150,000. The variable costs per unit is $3.41, which is less than the outside offer price of $7. This indicates that Dayton Engineering can still make a profit even if it accepts the outside offer. Therefore, based on financial considerations alone, Dayton Engineering should accept Tilton Electronics' outside offer. It is relevant to mention that if Dayton Engineering discontinues the production of starter assemblies, it will save $262,500 of fixed overhead that will remain unchanged for the company as a whole. A further $175,000 of fixed overhead is avoidable if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. However, the balance of the current fixed overhead, $87,500, is the division manager's salary. If Dayton Engineering discontinues the production of the starter assemblies, the manager of Division 3 will be transferred to Division 2 at the same salary. This move will allow the company to save the $70,000 salary that would otherwise be paid to attract an outsider to this position. If the company could use the vacated plant space for storage and avoid $120,000 of outside storage charges currently incurred, it would reduce the overhead cost that the company has to bear.
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Consider a European call option and a European put option on a non-dividend- paying stock. You are given: (i) The current price of the stock is $60. (ii) The call option currently sells for $0.15 more than the put option. (iii) Both the call option and put option will expire in 4 years. (iv) Both the call option and put option have a strike price of $70. Calculate the continuously compounded risk-free interest rate.
To calculate the continuously compounded risk-free interest rate, we can use the put-call parity formula for European options. The put-call parity equation is given by:
Call Option Price - Put Option Price = Stock Price - Present Value of Strike Price
Given that the call option sells for $0.15 more than the put option, we can express the put-call parity equation as follows:
Call Option Price - (Call Option Price - $0.15) = $60 - PV(Strike Price)
Simplifying the equation:
$0.15 = $60 - PV(Strike Price)
PV(Strike Price) = $60 - $0.15
PV(Strike Price) = $59.85
Now, we can calculate the continuously compounded risk-free interest rate using the present value formula:
PV(Strike Price) = Strike Price * e^(-r * t)
Where:
PV(Strike Price) is the present value of the strike price
Strike Price is the strike price of the options
r is the continuously compounded risk-free interest rate
t is the time to expiration (in years)
Plugging in the values:
$59.85 = $70 * e^(-r * 4)
Dividing both sides by $70:
0.855 = e^(-r * 4)
Taking the natural logarithm of both sides:
ln(0.855) = -r * 4
Solving for r:
r = -ln(0.855) / 4
Using a calculator:
r ≈ 0.0451
Therefore, the continuously compounded risk-free interest rate is approximately 0.0451, or 4.51%.
The continuously compounded risk-free interest rate is calculated to be approximately 4.51% based on the given information and the put-call parity equation. This interest rate reflects the market conditions and the pricing relationship between the call and put options.
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Human capital is the economic value of a worker's experience and skills. Use Solow-Swan diagram to show the impact of an increase in human capital on GDP, both in the long-run and in the transition to the long-run. Explain the result.
An increase in human capital leads to higher GDP in the long-run and during the transition.
How does an increase in human capital impact GDP?The Solow-Swan diagram, a neoclassical growth model, helps illustrate the relationship between human capital and GDP. In the long-run, an increase in human capital, which includes factors like education, training, and skills, leads to sustained economic growth and higher GDP. As workers become more skilled and experienced, they contribute more efficiently to the production process, resulting in increased productivity and output.
In the transition to the long-run, the initial increase in human capital leads to temporary growth acceleration as the economy adjusts to the new level of productivity. However, over time, the rate of growth returns to its steady state. This diagram highlights the importance of investing in human capital for long-term economic development and emphasizes the role of skilled workers in driving productivity and GDP growth.
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Inspection, scrap, and repair are examples of:
Select one:
a. prevention costs
b. external costs
c. internal costs
d. costs of dissatisfaction
Inspection, scrap, and repair are examples of internal costs. Hence the correct option is c.
Quality costs are divided into four categories: internal failure, external failure, prevention, and appraisal. The internal costs are inspection, scrap, and repair. They are all part of the internal costs. These costs include the costs of lost time and materials, as well as the costs of repair and replacement of defective products or parts. They are associated with identifying and resolving defects before the product is shipped.
The dissatisfaction cost is the cost of a product or service that fails to meet customer expectations. This is the cost of the customer's dissatisfaction with a product or service that falls short of their expectations. The dissatisfaction cost includes the cost of customer complaints and returns, as well as the loss of future sales due to negative word of mouth. It is an external failure cost.
Prevention costs are costs associated with preventing defects and problems from occurring in the first place. These costs are often associated with process improvements, training, and education. Examples of prevention costs include research and development, quality planning, quality assurance, and process control.
Appraisal costs are the costs of verifying that the product or service meets customer requirements. These costs are associated with the measurement and testing of products or services to ensure they meet specifications. Examples of appraisal costs include inspection, testing, and calibration.
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Describe what you understand by ALL of the following terms:
(a) Radical innovation
(b) How innovation can support sustainability
(c) Copyrights (in the context of IPR protection)
(d) Not-invented-here
(a) Radical innovation: This is a type of innovation that involves a significant breakthrough or a new development that is entirely different from existing products or services. Radical innovation can lead to the creation of new markets, or the improvement of existing ones.
(b) Innovation can support sustainability by developing new products or services that are environmentally friendly or that help to reduce environmental impact. For example, the development of renewable energy technologies like solar power and wind power helps to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainability. Also, the use of innovative materials and processes can help to reduce waste and pollution in manufacturing processes.
(c) Copyrights (in the context of IPR protection): Copyright is a legal right granted to authors, artists, and creators of original works. It gives them exclusive rights to control the use of their work for a certain period. Copyrights are a form of intellectual property protection that helps to ensure that creators are properly rewarded for their work. Copyright laws are designed to prevent others from copying or using the work without permission, and provide a mechanism for enforcing the copyright holder's rights.
(d) Not-invented-here: Not-invented-here (NIH) is a term used to describe a mindset or culture in which individuals or organizations are resistant to adopting new ideas or innovations from outside their own group or organization. NIH can be a barrier to innovation, as it can lead to a reluctance to collaborate with others or to explore new ideas that may be valuable. It can also lead to a lack of diversity and creativity in problem-solving, as individuals may be more likely to focus on familiar solutions.
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Which of the following best expresses the benefit from international trade? a. With trade, each country can concentrate on producing those goods and services that it produces most efficiently. b. With trade, a country can increase its political involvement on a global scale. c. Increased U.S. trade would improve high-tech exports but not agricultural exports. d. Increased trade would increase U.S. exports and decrease U.S. imports.
The best expression of the benefit from international trade is option a. With trade, each country can concentrate on producing those goods and services that it produces most efficiently.
This option highlights the concept of comparative advantage, where countries focus on producing goods and services in which they have a relative advantage, leading to increased efficiency and overall economic gains through trade.
International trade provides several benefits, but the most significant advantage is captured by option a. When countries engage in trade, they can specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage or are more efficient. This concept is known as comparative advantage, which suggests that countries should focus on producing goods that they can produce at a lower opportunity cost compared to other countries.
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5. Arguably Keynes’s ideas were not a paradigm break, but
extended the Neoclassical
tradition of the Marginalist Subjectivists, Marshall, and Clark
because Keynes
argued that both supply and demand had an impact on output.
emphasized the role of psychology in determining the interest rate and effective demand.
recognized that the disutility of labor was a major factor in determining unemployment.
emphasized that wage cuts could bring an economy to full employment.
All of the above.
The correct answer is: All of the above. Keynes's ideas did extend the Neoclassical tradition of the Marginalist Subjectivists, Marshall, and Clark.
However, Keynes's contributions went beyond the traditional Neoclassical framework in several ways: Keynes argued that both supply and demand had an impact on output, challenging the Neoclassical belief that supply automatically creates its own demand through Say's Law.Keynes emphasized the role of psychology in determining the interest rate and effective demand. He recognized that expectations, confidence, and animal spirits play a crucial role in influencing investment decisions and overall economic activity.
Keynes recognized that the disutility of labor, or the aversion to work, was a major factor in determining unemployment. He emphasized the importance of aggregate demand in creating jobs and reducing unemployment, rather than relying solely on wage adjustments.
Keynes challenged the idea that wage cuts could bring an economy to full employment. He argued that wage reductions could lead to a downward spiral of falling demand and further unemployment, advocating instead for active government intervention to stimulate demand during economic downturns.
Therefore, all of the above statements are true regarding Keynes's contributions to economics.
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can you answer this please. Urgent!!
Question Four: (6 Points) PepsiCo Inc. was created in 1965 through the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay Inc. As the world's second biggest food and beverage firm, PepsiCo ensures that it
PepsiCo Inc. ensures that it maintains a strong market presence by offering a diverse portfolio of food and beverage products to meet consumer demands.
PepsiCo Inc., formed in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay Inc., is a global food and beverage company. To maintain its position as the world's second largest food and beverage firm, PepsiCo focuses on offering a wide range of products that cater to consumer preferences and demands. The company's diverse portfolio includes popular brands. By offering a variety of food and beverage options, PepsiCo can capture a larger market share and adapt to changing consumer trends, ensuring its continued success in the industry.
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Design Exercise 2 Design a game in which robots construct simple buildings consisting of floors, walls, and roofs, and assume that the foundations are already laid. (Don't worry about challenges or the victory condition.) The construction tasks required include fetching different kinds of raw materials from stockpiles, transporting them to the building site, positioning them, and fastening them to the building. List at least four types of raw materials. Devise names, attributes, and appropriate functions for at least three different kinds of robots that work together to perform these tasks; you may divide the robots' responsibilities any way you like, but do it in such a way that if any one type of robot is unavailable, the building cannot be completed. Include at least three attributes per type of robot. Document everything that you have created and explain how you have differentiated the robots orthogonally (which attributes each type possesses uniquely) as well as what features and abilities, they all have in common.
Game Design: The name of the game will be "Robot Construction" in which players will construct simple buildings consisting of floors, walls, and roofs using different types of robots.
Raw Materials: There are different types of raw materials needed for the construction of a building. These are:
1. Bricks: These are building materials used to construct walls of a building.
2. Cement: This is a material used to fix the bricks and is applied between the bricks.
3. Steel: Steel rods are used to reinforce the structure and maintain its strength.
4. Glass: Glass panes are used to make windows and doors.
Robots: Three different types of robots will be used to perform the construction tasks. These are:
1. Transporter Robot: It will be responsible for carrying raw materials from the stockpile to the construction site. It will be able to carry one type of raw material at a time. It has three attributes: Speed, Carrying capacity, and Durability.
2. Builder Robot: This robot will be responsible for constructing walls and roofs. It has three attributes: Speed, Strength, and Durability.
3. Fixer Robot: It will be responsible for fixing the walls and roofs. It has three attributes: Precision, Strength, and Durability. All the robots will have a common feature of Battery Backup which will allow them to work continuously for a limited time. If the battery of any robot gets low, it will stop working.
Orthogonal Differentiation: The Transporter robot will possess the attributes of Speed, Carrying Capacity, and Durability that are different from the Builder and Fixer robots. Similarly, the Builder robot will have Speed, Strength, and Durability attributes that are different from the other two types of robots. The Fixer robot will possess attributes of Precision, Strength, and Durability that are unique to it.
Conclusion:In conclusion, the game Robot Construction will have three types of robots; Transporter, Builder, and Fixer robots with different attributes. These robots will work together to complete the construction of buildings. The raw materials needed for the construction include bricks, cement, steel, and glass. Each type of robot will have unique attributes that will differentiate it from other types of robots. The Battery Backup feature is common in all robots.
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The entry to record the issue of common stock would include:
a. Debit to Assets & Credit to Liabilities
b. Debit to Liabilities & Credit to Assets
c. Debit to Assets & Credit to Owners' Eq
The entry to record the issue of common stock would include: c. Debit to Assets & Credit to Owners' Equity.When a company issues common stock, it represents an increase in the ownership interest of the shareholders.
The entry to record this transaction follows the basic accounting equation, which states that Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity. When common stock is issued, it increases the company's assets as it receives cash or other valuable assets in exchange for the stock. Therefore, the entry includes a debit to Assets. On the other hand, issuing common stock also increases the owners' equity in the company because the shareholders now have a greater ownership stake. Hence, the entry includes a credit to Owners' Equity. By debiting the Assets and crediting the Owners' Equity, the accounting equation remains in balance. This entry reflects the increase in assets due to the cash or assets received from issuing common stock and the corresponding increase in owners' equity. It's important to note that the specific accounts affected may vary depending on the company's chart of accounts and accounting practices, but the underlying principle remains the same: assets increase while owners' equity increases when common stock is issued.
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with relation to removal of GST on basic food items,
discuss the following impact on the Govt and the general
public:
a)economic effects ;
b) feasibility ;
c) scope for enhancing its
effectiveness
The removal of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on basic food items can have significant impacts on both the government and the general public.
a) Economic Effects:
The removal of GST on basic food items can have both positive and negative economic effects. On the positive side, it can potentially reduce the cost burden on consumers, especially those with lower incomes, as the prices of essential food items would decrease. This can improve affordability and increase the purchasing power of individuals, potentially boosting consumer spending and stimulating economic growth. Additionally, the removal of GST can contribute to reducing inflationary pressures on food prices, providing relief to households facing rising living costs. However, the government may experience a loss of revenue due to the absence of GST on these items, which could impact its ability to fund public services and infrastructure projects.
b) Feasibility:
The feasibility of removing GST on basic food items depends on several factors, including the revenue implications and the government's fiscal situation. The government needs to carefully assess the potential loss in tax revenue and consider alternative sources of income or budget reallocations to make up for the shortfall.
c) Scope for Enhancing Effectiveness:
While the removal of GST on basic food items can have immediate benefits, there are opportunities to enhance its effectiveness. One possibility is to target the subsidy or tax relief specifically to low-income households to ensure that those who need it the most receive the maximum benefit.
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What would be the least productive way to increase sales for a business or brand?
A) Stealing customers from the competition
B) Expanding the business or brand to another location
C) Making customers buy more quantity
D) Turning non-customers into customers
The least productive way to increase sales for a business or brand would be by stealing customers from the competition.
While it may seem tempting to focus on acquiring customers from competitors, this approach is often counterproductive and can have negative consequences in the long run. Instead, businesses should prioritize building their own customer base and fostering customer loyalty through ethical and sustainable means.
Expanding the business or brand to another location can be a productive strategy to increase sales, as it allows reaching new customer segments and tapping into new markets. Opening additional branches or expanding into new geographic areas can broaden the customer base and increase brand visibility, potentially leading to higher sales.
Encouraging customers to buy more quantity can also be a productive approach. By implementing effective upselling or cross-selling strategies, businesses can increase the average transaction value and maximize revenue from existing customers. This can be achieved by offering bundled products, volume discounts, or personalized recommendations based on customer preferences.
Similarly, turning non-customers into customers is a productive way to increase sales. This involves implementing targeted marketing and advertising campaigns to attract potential customers, creating compelling value propositions, and providing excellent customer experiences. By expanding the customer base, businesses can generate additional revenue and establish long-term relationships with new customers.
In conclusion, while stealing customers from the competition is the least productive approach, strategies such as expanding to new locations, encouraging customers to buy more quantity, and converting non-customers into customers can contribute to increased sales and business growth. It is essential to focus on ethical and sustainable methods that prioritize customer satisfaction and long-term value creation.
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TRUE / FALSE. A manufacturer/exporter includes a Force Majeure clause in its export contract with a purchaser of its equipment. During the manufacturing process, the production is halted because the manufacturer's machinery used in production of the equipment has mechanical problems. The manufacturer/exporter does not export the equipment. The manufacturer/exporter did not breach the contract.
True. The manufacturer/exporter did not breach the contract by including a Force Majeure clause in the export contract and halting production due to mechanical problems.
In this scenario, the manufacturer/exporter included a Force Majeure clause in the export contract with the purchaser of its equipment. A Force Majeure clause is a contractual provision that relieves the parties from fulfilling their obligations under certain exceptional circumstances that are beyond their control.
Since the manufacturer's machinery used in the production process encountered mechanical problems, the production of the equipment was halted. As a result, the manufacturer/exporter was unable to export the equipment as agreed upon in the contract. However, due to the inclusion of the Force Majeure clause, the manufacturer/exporter is protected from being considered in breach of the contract.
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the choice of when and how to soruce cpaital globally is usually aided early on by the advice of
The choice of when and how to source capital globally is usually aided early on by the advice of investment banks.
An investment bank is a financial institution that assists individuals, corporations, and governments in obtaining capital by acting as their agent in the issuance of securities.
Investment banks are financial institutions that specialize in large and complex financial transactions, such as underwriting, acting as an intermediary between a securities issuer and the investing public, facilitating mergers and acquisitions, and securities trading.
Investment banks serve a variety of clients, including companies, financial institutions, governments, and high-net-worth individuals, and perform a range of services, including underwriting securities, facilitating mergers and acquisitions, market-making, trading of derivatives and commodities, and providing asset management services.
As a result, investment banks play an important role in global finance and commerce.
Therefore, the choice of when and how to source capital globally is usually aided early on by the advice of investment banks.
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TRUE / FALSE. "An international distributor is responsible for warranties on
the product that it sells.
False. An international distributor is not typically responsible for warranties on the product it sells.
In general, the responsibility for warranties on a product lies with the manufacturer or the seller, depending on the specific terms and conditions of the sale. An international distributor acts as an intermediary between the manufacturer and the end customer in different geographic locations. Their primary role is to facilitate the distribution and sale of products across international markets.
The warranty obligations are typically determined and specified in the contractual agreements between the manufacturer and the customer. The manufacturer or the seller, who is usually the party with a direct relationship with the customer, assumes the responsibility for warranties, repairs, or replacements.
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Please try to answer using less then 500 words. Briefly describe the aim of a competitive strategy.Outline the differences between a red ocean strategy and a blue ocean strategy and explain the limitations of the latter. Reflect about the challenges for a firm switching to a hybrid strategy in general and under the condition of a high bargaining adopting such a competitive strategy.
The aim of a competitive strategy is to establish a sustainable advantage over competitors within a particular market or industry. It involves making strategic choices regarding the allocation of resources, differentiation from competitors, and the overall positioning of the business.
A red ocean strategy refers to a competitive approach where firms operate within existing market spaces, competing fiercely for market share. In this strategy, the focus is on outperforming rivals by capturing a larger portion of the existing demand. On the other hand, a blue ocean strategy involves creating new market spaces or industries, where competition is limited or non-existent. The aim is to make competition irrelevant by offering innovative products or services that attract new customers.
While a blue ocean strategy can be appealing due to the potential for high growth and reduced competition, it does have limitations. First, identifying and successfully entering a new market space can be challenging. Second, the creation of a blue ocean requires substantial innovation and creativity, which may be difficult for some firms to achieve. Lastly, even if a blue ocean is successfully created, it may not remain uncontested for long, as competitors may imitate or adapt to the new market space.
Switching to a hybrid strategy, combining elements of both red and blue ocean strategies, can present challenges for firms. Firstly, it requires a clear understanding of the market dynamics and the ability to identify opportunities for differentiation and innovation. Secondly, implementing a hybrid strategy may require significant changes in organizational structure, processes, and culture, which can be disruptive and met with resistance. Additionally, firms pursuing a hybrid strategy may face challenges in effectively managing the trade-offs between cost leadership and differentiation.
Under conditions of high bargaining power, adopting a hybrid strategy can be particularly challenging. Firms with high bargaining power can exert influence over suppliers, customers, or other stakeholders in the value chain. However, pursuing a hybrid strategy may require collaboration and cooperation with these stakeholders, which can be difficult to achieve when there is a significant power asymmetry. Balancing the demands and interests of various stakeholders while maintaining a competitive position can be a complex task for firms adopting a hybrid strategy in a high bargaining environment.
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Which of the following is not a condition that leads to a natural monopoly? Select the correct answer below: Economies of scale are large relative to quantity demanded Marginal cost of adding an additional customer is high A single producer can serve the entire market more efficiently Quantity demanded is less than minimum quantity it takes to reach the bottom of the long run average cost curve When it comes to anti poverty programs they cost the government money. As with all economic considerations, the choices which are made, effect costs. This is true for anti poverty programs, just like any other economic program in relation to the poverty trap what is the major issues regarding choices to address the "poverty trap? Select the correct answer below Slowychaung out government payments can cost more money for the program O More people ne more likely to want to work it on the program Slowly phasing out government payments can costess money for the program More people wu more to buy homes on the program
The answer to the first question is: A single producer can serve the entire market more efficiently.
Regarding the poverty trap, the major issue regarding choices to address it is that slowly phasing out government payments can cost less money for the program. This is because if people become too reliant on government payments, they may lose motivation to work and become trapped in poverty. Therefore, it is important to find a balance between providing assistance to those in need while also incentivizing work and self-sufficiency.A single producer can serve the entire market more efficiently. This can be achieved through policies such as gradually reducing benefits as income increases, providing education and training programs to help people gain the skills needed for higher paying jobs, and creating tax incentives for businesses to hire and train individuals from low-income backgrounds. By doing so, anti-poverty programs can be more effective in helping people escape poverty and achieve economic stability.
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Explain what is Franchising. Explain the 1) characteristics of franchising 2) strengths of franchising 3) Weaknesses of franchising (50 marks) 4) A products goes through each stage of the process involving Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline and in some cases, the product successfully goes through the Extension process. Explain each stage ( 50 marks)
Franchising is a business arrangement where one party, known as the franchisor, grants another party, known as the franchisee, the right to operate a business using its established brand, business model, and support systems in exchange for fees and ongoing royalties.
Characteristics of franchising: Brand and trademark licensing: Franchising involves the use of a recognized brand and trademark owned by the franchisor.Standardized business model: Franchisees operate their businesses based on a proven and standardized system developed by the franchisor.Support and training: Franchisors provide initial training and ongoing support to franchisees to ensure consistent operations. Fee and royalty structure: Franchisees pay upfront fees and ongoing royalties to the franchisor for the rights and support received. Strengths of franchising: Established brand recognition: Franchisees benefit from the reputation and customer loyalty associated with the franchisor's brand. Proven business model: Franchisees receive a ready-made business model that has been tested and refined by the franchisor. Support and guidance: Franchisees receive training, ongoing support, and guidance from the franchisor, which can increase their chances of success. Economies of scale: Franchising allows the franchisor to expand rapidly by leveraging the resources and capital of franchisees.
Weaknesses of franchising: Cost and fees: Franchisees are required to pay upfront fees, ongoing royalties, and other costs associated with operating the franchise. Lack of independence: Franchisees must operate within the guidelines and standards set by the franchisor, limiting their autonomy and creativity. Shared profits: Franchisees are obligated to share a portion of their profits with the franchisor through royalty payments.
Reliance on the franchisor: Franchisees depend on the franchisor for ongoing support, training, and marketing initiatives.
The product life cycle stages are as follows:
Introduction: The product is launched into the market, and sales are low as customers become aware of its existence. Marketing efforts focus on creating awareness and generating trial.
Growth: Sales start to increase rapidly as the product gains acceptance and attracts a larger customer base. Competitors may enter the market, leading to increased competition.
Maturity: Sales reach their peak during this stage, and the market becomes saturated with competitors offering similar products. Price competition intensifies, and marketing efforts focus on maintaining market share.
Decline: Sales begin to decline as customer preferences shift or new products emerge. Companies may decide to discontinue or phase out the product.
Extension: In some cases, a product can undergo extension by introducing product variations, targeting new markets, or implementing product improvements to revitalize sales and extend the product's life cycle.
Note: The allocation of marks is subjective and depends on the specific requirements of the assignment or examination. The above explanations provide a comprehensive overview of the topics but may need to be adapted to fit the specific marking criteria.
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2. The price of a European call that expires in six months and has a strike price of $30 is $2.The underlying stock price is $29.and a dividend of $0.50 is expected in two months and again in five months.The term structure is flat with all risk-free interest rates being 10%.Calculate the price of a European put option that expires in six months and has a strike price of $30.
To calculate the price of a European put option, we can use the put-call parity relationship. The put-call parity equation is given by:
Call Option Price - Put Option Price = Stock Price - Present Value of Strike Price + Present Value of Dividends
Given the information provided, we can calculate the present value of dividends and substitute the values into the put-call parity equation.
The dividend of $0.50 is expected in two months and again in five months. We need to calculate the present value of these dividends using the risk-free interest rate of 10%.
Present Value of Dividends = Dividend / (1 + Risk-Free Interest Rate)^(Time to Dividend in Years)
For the dividend expected in two months:
Present Value of Dividend (2 months) = $0.50 / (1 + 0.10)^(2/12) ≈ $0.495
For the dividend expected in five months:
Present Value of Dividend (5 months) = $0.50 / (1 + 0.10)^(5/12) ≈ $0.478
Now, let's substitute the values into the put-call parity equation:
$2 - Put Option Price = $29 - $30 + $0.495 + $0.478
Simplifying the equation:
Put Option Price = $2 - $29 + $30 - $0.495 - $0.478
Put Option Price ≈ $2.027
Therefore, the price of a European put option that expires in six months and has a strike price of $30 is approximately $2.027.
Based on the given information and the put-call parity relationship, the calculated price of a European put option is approximately $2.027. This price reflects the market conditions, including the stock price, strike price, dividends, and the risk-free interest rate.
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Which one of the following items is not a consideration when recording periodic depreciation expense on plant assets? 1) Salvage value. 2) Estimated useful life. 3) Cash needed to replace the plant asset. 4) Cost
Option (3), Cash needed to replace the plant asset is not a consideration when recording periodic depreciation expense on plant assets.
What is depreciation?Depreciation is an accounting technique used to allocate the cost of plant assets to expense over their useful lives. This approach reduces the net book value (NBV) of the asset. Depreciation is recorded as an expense in the financial statements of a company. The four considerations when recording periodic depreciation expense on plant assets are: Salvage value.
Estimated useful life.
Cost.
Depreciation method.
Depreciation is the decrease in the value of an asset due to wear and tear or due to the passage of time. The asset value is reduced over time to reflect the actual value of the asset as it is used to produce goods or provide services.
Option 3) Cash needed to replace the plant asset. It is not a consideration when recording periodic depreciation expense on plant assets.
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A couple is saving for the college education of their newborn daughter. They estimate that college expenses will run TL 100,000 per year when their daughter reaches college in 18 years. The annual int
The couple can use the future value formula to calculate the amount they need to save annually.
The formula is:
Future Value = Present Value x (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
In this case, the future value is TL 100,000, the present value is the annual savings amount, the interest rate is 7%, and the number of periods is 18 years. Rearranging the formula to solve for the annual savings amount:
Annual Savings Amount = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
Plugging in the values:
Annual Savings Amount = TL 100,000 / (1 + 0.07)^18
By calculating this expression, the couple can determine the annual amount they need to save in order to accumulate TL 100,000 per year for their daughter's college education in 18 years.
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Case four: (20 marks) During 2020, ROD Company has the following changes in its ordinary outstanding: Dates Shares changes Number of shares 1-Jan Beginning balance 480,000 1-Mar Issued 120,000 1-Jun A
In 2020, ROD Company experienced several changes in its ordinary outstanding shares.
The changes in the number of shares issued by the company have been detailed in the following table: Dates Shares changes Number of shares 1-Jan Beginning balance 480,000 1-Mar Issued 120,000 1-Jun Acquired 72,000 1-Aug Issued 180,000 1-Nov Converted 120,000On January 1, the beginning balance of ordinary outstanding shares of ROD Company was 480,000. On March 1, 120,000 shares were issued, increasing the total number of shares to 600,000. The company acquired 72,000 shares on June 1. The number of shares increased to 672,000 after the acquisition. On August 1, 180,000 shares were issued, increasing the total shares to 852,000. On November 1, 120,000 shares were converted. The ending balance of the number of shares was 732,000 after this conversion. Therefore, the total change in shares throughout the year was 732,000 - 480,000 = 252,000 shares. The company's total shares outstanding at the end of the year were 732,000.
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The weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding for 2020 is 586,400.
EPS (earnings per share) for 2020, rounded to the nearest cent, is $4.58.3.
What is the date of the company's financial statements?
1. Calculation of the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding for 2020:
he weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding for 2020 is calculated by multiplying the number of shares outstanding during each period by the portion of the period that they were outstanding, adding up the results, and then dividing by the total number of periods.
Weight average = [(480,000 * 2/12) + (600,000 * 3/12) + (696,000 * 3/12) + (856,000 * 4/12)] / 4Weight average = 586,400 shares
2. Calculation of EPS for 2020:
EPS = net income / weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding
EPS = $2,690,000 / 586,400 sharesEPS = $4.58 (rounded to the nearest cent)
3. Determining the date of the company's financial statements: Since the information given in the question is for the entire year 2020, the date of the company's financial statements is 31 December 2020.
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