one mole of oxygen expands at constant temperature of 310 k from 12 l to 19 l. Work in joules is done by the expanding gas is 1180 j.
How to calculate ?W for isothermal expansion
W=nRT ln (Vf/VI)
W= (1 mole)(8.31J/mole K)(310K) ln(19/12)
W=1180j
What is Ideal Gas Law ?An ideal gas is one in which there are no intermolecular attraction forces and all collisions between atoms or molecules are entirely elastic. It can be seen as a group of perfectly hard spheres that collide but do not otherwise interact with one another. All of the internal energy in such a gas is kinetic energy, and any variation in internal energy causes a variation in temperature.
What are the characteristics of ideal gas law ?Three state variables—absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature—can be used to describe an ideal gas (T). Kinetic theory can be used to infer the link between them, which is known as the
PV = nRT = NkT
n = number of moles
R = universal gas constant = 8.3145 J/mol K
N = number of molecules
k = Boltzmann constant = 1.38066 x 10-23 J/K = 8.617385 x 10-5 eV/K
k = R/NA
NA = Avogadro's number = 6.0221 x 1023 /mol
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a current of 11.3 a is applied to 1.25 l of a solution of 0.552 m hbr converting some of the h to h2(g), which bubbles out of solution. what is the ph of the solution after 73 minutes?
The pH of the solution after 73 minutes is 0.56.
Initial number of moles of H+ ions = molarity of solution × volume of solution = 0.552 × 1.25
= 0.69
The concentration of H+ ions in solution will now decrease during the electrochemical process.
By applying Faraday's formula, we can determine that the number of moles of H(+) discharged at the electrode is given by n = Q/(z × F),
where Q = the total electric charge in Coulomb,
F = the Faraday constant,
z = the number of electrons transferred per ion = 1 (in this case)
We also know that Q = I × t
= 11.4 × 73 × 60
= 49932 C
∴ n = Q/(z × F)
= (49932)/( 1 × 96500 )
= 0.5174
The amount of H+ ions left in the solution is now equal to 0.69 - 0.5174 = 0.357 moles.
Then, molecularity of a solution is calculated as the number of moles divided by the volume of the solution = ( 0.357 / 1.25 ) = 0.2856 M.
Lastly, concentration of [H+] = 0.2856 M
∴ pH = -log [H+] = -log [ 0.2856 ] = -log [ 2856 × 10⁻⁴ ] = 0.56
So, pH is calculated 0.56 .
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how long (in hours) must a current of 2.32 amps be passed to produce 10.3 g of copper metal from a solution of aqueous copper(ii) chloride?
In 3.75 hours a current of 2.32 amps be passed to produce 10.3 g of copper metal from a solution of aqueous copper(ii) chloride.
According to Faraday's first law, the amount of chemical reaction that takes place at any electrode during electrolysis is proportional to the amount of electricity that is passed through the electrolyte.
According to Faraday's first law-
w= zit
w= (E/F) it
w- weight of copper , which is 10.3 grams according to the given question.
i- current = 2.32 ampere
t- time =?
E- equivalent weight of copper = atomic weight/ charge
⇒ 63.5/ 2 = 31.7 g.
F- Faradays constant= 96500C
∴10.3 = (31.7/96500) x 2.32 x t
⇒ t= 13517 sec
⇒t= 13517 / 60x60
∴t= 3.75 hours
Hence, In 3.75 hours a current of 2.32 amps be passed to produce 10.3 g of copper metal from a solution of aqueous copper(ii) chloride.
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what is the concentration, in mass percent, of a solution made by mixing 45.0 g of nacl with 250.0 ml of water?
45 grams are equal to the mass of the solution multiplied by 100, or the mass of NaCl. We can sell them for 295.0 grams times 100 points and receive 15.25 percent of the sale price. The result is that the concentration of NaCl in the solution, which is 8 percent, is 15.25 percent.
What is the concentration of a solution made by combining 200 mL of water and 50 g of salt?You will have 25 g of solute in 100 g of solution since you have 50 g in 200 g of solution. According to the definition given above, this solution is 25% by mass.
How can you figure out a solution's concentration as a percentage?One of three methods can be used to calculate this percentage: either the volume of the solute divided by the volume of the solution, the mass of the solute divided by the volume of the solution, or any combination of this solution.
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Cold packs, whose temperatures are lowered when ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, are carried by athletic trainers when transporting ice is not possible. Which of the following is true of this reaction?Group of answer choicesΔH = 0, since cold packs are sealedΔH > 0, process is endothermicΔH > 0, process is exothermicΔH < 0, process is exothermicΔH < 0, process is endothermic
ΔH > 0, the process is endothermic; this is true about this reaction in which ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water
An endothermic reaction is a term used in chemistry to describe the chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surrounding environment to produce the products
When cold packs are filled with water and ammonium nitrate, and the bag is squeezed then the water interacts with the chemical (ammonium nitrate) to initiate a reaction that decreases the temperature of the water to almost freezing. It can decrease inflammation and numb pain in the area because the icing is effective at reducing swelling and pain because the cold constricts blood vessels and decreases circulation to the area of inflammation.
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what changes can humans make that can reduce their impact on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? select the two answers that are correct.
is there something wrong with the nuclear model (like a miniature solar system) of the atom? if so, what is wrong? choose all that apply.
Orbiting electrons would emit light, The solar system model of the atom describes a situation in which the atom would collapse, Orbiting electrons would accelerate.
The elementary electric charge of the electron (eor -), a subatomic particle, is a negative one. Due to the fact that they are assumed to be elementary particles and lack any known components or substructure, electrons, which are a member of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are classified as such. The mass of an electron is around one-eighth that of a proton. An intrinsic half-integer value angular momentum (spin) with units of the decreased Planck constant,, is one of the electron's quantum mechanical properties. The characteristics of both waves and elementary particles are shared by electrons. They are susceptible to particle collisions and to light-like diffractive effects. It is simpler to understand the wave characteristics of electrons.
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a sample of a metal, heated in air, gains mass dm by oxidising at a rate that declines with time t in a parabolic way, meaning that dm2 ¼ kpt where kp is a constant. why does the rate fall off in this way? what does it imply about the nature and utility of the oxide?
Oxidation originates at the surface of the metal and then it slowly penetrates through the surface.
As at the beginning exposed surface area is more therefore rate of oxidation is also more. After that, the process needed to occur inside the exposed surface of the metal, and the rate of diffusion decreases, so the rate of oxidation decreases.
It represents oxide layers that reduce the diffusion rate, therefore it is used for producing isolation shields for metals. Apart from that for covering a metal from the external environment or masking oxide layers are produced on metal surfaces.
Mass is a quantitative measure of inertia, an essential property of all dependents. It's far, in effect, the resistance that a frame of count number gives to a change in its speed or position upon the application of pressure. The more the mass of a frame, the smaller the alternate produced with the aid of a carried-out force.
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in a titration of 35.00 ml of 0.737 m h2so4, ml of a 0.827 m koh solution is required for neutralization. question 25 options: 25.8 62.4 39.3 1.12 35.0
In a titration of 35.00 mL of 0.737 M H₂SO₄, 62.4 mL of a 0.827 M KOH solution is required for neutralization.
What is Neutralization?The interaction of H+ ions and OH- ions produces water in a neutralization reaction, which occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and salt. A pH of 7 results from the neutralization of a potent acid and a potent base.
Calculation:
The balanced reaction is
H₂SO₄ + 2 KOH ⇒ 2 H₂O + K₂SO₄
The molarity M is the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume, expressed as:
number of moles = molarity × volume
For H₂SO₄
35.00 mL= 0.035 L (being 1,000 mL= 1 L)
Molarity= 0.737 M
Then,
number of moles= 0.737 M × 0.035 L
number of moles= 0.0258
So you must neutralize 0.0258 moles of H₂SO₄. Now you can apply the following rule of three: if by stoichiometry 1 mole of H₂SO₄ is neutralized with 2 moles of KOH, 0.0258 moles of H₂SO₄ are neutralized with moles of KOH =?
moles of KOH = 0.0516,
Then 0.0516 moles of KOH are needed.
Molarity= 0.827 M
number of moles= 0.0516
volume=?
Replacing in the definition of molarity: 0.827M = 0.0516 moles/ volume.
= 0.0516moles/0.827M = volume
volume = 0.0624 L= 62.4 mL.
Hence, 62.4 mL of a 0.827 m KOH solution is required for neutralization.
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Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE? The major organic of the following reaction is optically active. 1. BH 3. THE 2. H2O2, NaOH O True O False
True the major organic of the following reaction is optically active.
What is Optically active substance?
Optically active chemicals are those substances that have the ability to change (rotation) the polarisation plane of plane polarised light. Dextrorotatory compounds are those that rotate the plane clockwise (to the right).
What is the Polarization Plane?
The direction that lights with linear polarisation are polarised is indicated by the term "plane of polarisation."
It follows that True: The main optically active organic in the following reaction. 1. BH 3. THF 2. H2O2 4.NaOH .
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energy investment in the first stage of glycolysis requires glucose to be and cleaved to yield two molecules.
Energy investment in the first stage of glycolysis requires glucose to be phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules.
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen or two molecules of lactate in the absence of oxygen.
The metabolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate is known as glycolysis. This free energy is used to create the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Glycolysis is a series of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The process occurs in a cell's cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. It can be found in aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Phosphorylation traps glucose with the help of the enzyme hexokinase.
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you heat 3.00 g of magnesium metal in a crucible, and it becomes a white product with a mass of 4.95 g. where did the other 1.95 grams come from?
Due to the oxygen from the air combining with the magnesium to form magnesium oxide, or MgO, the mass has increased.
The total mass of the magnesium increases when it is heated because magnesium combines with oxygen to generate magnesium oxide ( so it supported the hypothesis). It is oxygen that has caused the increased bulk.
Magnesium creates light intense enough to briefly impair your vision when it combines with oxygen. Magnesium burns so brightly because a lot of heat is released during the process. This exothermic process causes magnesium to donate two electrons to oxygen, resulting in the formation of powdered magnesium oxide (MgO).
Therefore, Due to the oxygen from the air combining with the magnesium to form magnesium oxide, or MgO, the mass has increased and hence the other 1.95 grams has come from oxygen.
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A hot mug of coffee was brought into a 25◦c room, where it started to cool according to newton’s law of cooling. After 10 minutes, the coffee was 45◦c and after another 10 minutes it was 35◦c. What was the coffee’s initial temperature?.
Answer:
The initial temperature of the coffee was 75°C.
consider the following voltaic cell which of the following statements is false? the al electrode is the anode the al electrode will tose mass the pt electrode is the cathode the pt electrode will gain mass electrons flow from the al electrode to the pt
According to the provided voltaic cell equation, it is untrue that the al electrode serves as the anode.
An electrode is a conductor of electricity used to make electrical contact with a nonmetallic component of a circuit. Depending on the type of battery, electrodes can be made of a range of materials and are a vital component. A conductor used to make electrical contact with a circuit's nonmetallic components is called an electrode. Common applications for electrodes include electrochemical cells, semiconductors like diodes, and medical equipment.
The voltaic cell, which bears the names of scientists Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, is an electrochemical device that produces an electric current through uninhibited oxidation-reduction reactions. A voltaic cell is an electrochemical device that harnesses the power of a chemical process to generate electricity. the essential elements of a solar cell.
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which of the following compounds would be considered an electrolyte? a. c6h12o6 b. naoh c. co2 d. agcl
NaOH is the substance that, in response to the query, would be regarded as an electrolyte. Your blood and other bodily fluids include minerals called electrolytes that are electrically charged.
What transpires if your body is deficient in electrolytes?
Blood clotting, muscular contractions, acid balance, and fluid control can all be affected when your body is low on electrolytes. Since your heart is a muscle, electrolytes aid in controlling your heartbeat.
How can I balance my electrolytes again?
The best way to keep your electrolyte balance is to stay hydrated. The most natural option for hydration is water. Compared to other drinks, it is less expensive and more readily available. Another option for restoring electrolytes is
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amp-pnp is a non-hydrolyzable analog of atp that can bind to proteins in a similar manner as atp but is no longer hydrolyzed. predict what would happen to helicase activity if amp-pnp were added to a dna replication reaction.
Helicase would cease to function if the AMP-PNP was not hydrolyzed. ATP binding and hydrolysis cause conformational changes that allow helicase to unwind DNA.
Helicases are nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complex binding enzymes that can also remodel them. There are helicases for both DNA and RNA. DNA helicases are required during DNA replication because they split double-stranded DNA into single strands, allowing each strand to be copied independently.
Helicases are a type of enzyme that is thought to be essential to all organisms. Helicases are motor proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two hybridized nucleic acid strands. DNA helicases catalyze the dissolution of the hydrogen bonds that connect the two strands of double-stranded DNA. This energy-demanding unwinding reaction produces single-stranded DNA, which is used as a template or reaction intermediate in DNA replication, repair, and recombination.
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what is the mole fraction of ethanol c2h5oh in an aqueous solution that is 46 perccent ethanol by mass?
The mole fraction of ethanol C₂H₅OH in an aqueous solution that is 46 percent ethanol by mass is 0.25.
Given that :
ethanol by mass is 46 % = 46 g
mass of water = 54 g
the moles of the ethanol, C₂H₅OH = mass / molar mass
= 46 / 46
= 1 mol
the moles of the water , H₂O = mass / molar mass
= 54 / 18
= 3 mol
the total moles = 1 + 3 = 4 mol
The mole fraction of ethanol , C₂H₅OH = moles / total moles
= 1 / 4
= 0.25
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which of the following statements are true of buffer solutions? 1.a buffer solution can be made by mixing equal concentrations of acetic acid and sodium acetate. 2.a buffer solution can be made by mixing equal concentrations of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. 3.a buffer solution resists changes in ph when small quantities of acid or base are added. group of answer choices 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 2 only all of 1, 2, and 3 none of 1, 2, and 3
The statements given in 1 and 3 are true about Buffer solutions.
Statement 1:
A buffer solution can be made by mixing equal concentrations of acetic acid and sodium acetate because in buffer solutions strong base should be less. Hence, here acetic acid is the weak acid and sodium acetate is the corresponding salt.
Statement 2:
A buffer solution can be made by mixing equal concentrations of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, this statement is false because no buffer solution can be made from strong acid like HCl.
Statement 3:
A buffer solution resists changes in pH when small quantities of acid or base are added to the solution and this is true.
Hence, the correct statements are 1 and 3.
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using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction. round your answer to significant digits. 2no(g) 4h2o(l) 3cl2(g)
The standard reaction free energy ΔG° is -77.393 kJ for the following redox reaction using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab.
The redox reaction occurs at anode :
6Cl-(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 8H+(aq) → 3 Cl2(g) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O(l)
[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 0.957
[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 1.35827 - 0.957
[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 0.401
There were 2 moles of electrons involved in this redox reaction, according to the reaction.
[tex]G^0[/tex] = - (2) * 96,500 * 0.401
[tex]G^0[/tex] = - 77393 joules or -77.393 kJ
Hence, the standard reaction free energy is -77.393 kJ.
the complete question is:
Using standard reduction potentials from the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
6Cl-(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 8H+(aq) -> 3 Cl2(g) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O(l)
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An unknown gas effuses at a rate 0. 667 times the rate of co₂. What is the molar mass of the unknown gas?.
When the gas emits at a rate that is 0. 667 times that of CO₂, it has a molar mass of 62.9 g/mol.
Graham's Law states that a gas's rate of effusion is inversely related to the square root of its molar mass.
√[M(b)/M(a)] = R(a)/R(b)
R is the effusion rate.
square root = sqrt = √
the molar mass, M
Square root of R(a)/R(CO) is √[M(CO)/M(a)].
(0.667)² = 28 g/mol/ M(a)
( by squaring both sides)
M(a)(0.667)² = 28
M(a) = 28/(0.667)²
M(a) = 62.9 g/mol.
The molar mass of the unidentified gas is 62.9 g/mol.
What effect has Graham's law?
According to Graham's law of diffusion, the ratio of the square root of the molecular weights of gas particles to their diffusion rates is equivalent.
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a gas at 772 mmhg and 35oc occupies a volume of 6.85 l, calculate its volume if the temperature is raised to 50oc at a constant pressure
A gas at 772 mph and 35oc occupies a volume of 6.85 l, calculate its volume if the temperature is raised to 50oc at a constant pressure and the final volume is 7.18L.
What is Charles law?
Charles' law asserts that a gas's volume is equal to a constant number times the temperature of that gas, as determined by the Kelvin scale (zero Kelvin corresponds to -273.15 degrees Celsius).
What is volume?
The volume (in inches, quarts, or centimeters) that a three-dimensional object takes up in space: The amount of a material that fills a given volume, measured in cubic capacity.
According to Charles law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at constant pressure.
It can be mathematically represented as; V1/T1 = V2/T2 where V1 = initial volume, and V2 = final volume.
T1= initial temperature in Kelvin and T2= final temperature in Kelvin.
Here V1 = 6.85 L , T1= 35 + 273 =308 K and T2 =50 +27 =323 K
Final volume = 7.18 L
Therefore, a gas at 772 mph and 35oc occupies a volume of 6.85 l, calculate its volume if the temperature is raised to 50oc at a constant pressure and the final volume is 7.18L.
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Which best represents a balanced equation?
A. 2H₂ + O2 → 2H₂O
B. 2Fe + O2 → Fe₂O3
C. HgO Hg + O₂
How many grams of oxygen are required to react with 11. 0 grams of octane ( c8h18 ) in the combustion of octane in gasoline?.
The 38.59 gram of oxygen is required to burn 11gram of octane.
2C8H18 + 25O2 = 16CO2 + 18H2O
The complete combustion of 2 x114 gram of octane require 25 x 32 gram of oxygen.
so the 11 gram of octane needs 38.59 gram of oxygen according to balanced chemical equation.
Alkane releases a tremendous amount of heat energy when heated in the presence of enough oxygen or air to form carbon dioxide and water. It happens when there is not enough oxygen present for the complete combustion of the fuel. As a result, carbon or carbon monoxide is produced. A poisonous gas called carbon monoxide is produced as a byproduct and is colorless.
Hence, octane undergoes complete combustion with oxygen.
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when the reaction mno2(s) ⇌ mn2 (aq) mno4-(aq) is balanced in an acidic solution, what is the coefficient of h
In the balanced chemical reaction of MnO₂, the coefficient of H⁺ is 4.
Balanced chemical reaction
The chemical equations which have the same number and same type of each atom on both sides of the equation is known as balanced chemical equation. The coefficients in a balanced equation must be always the simplest whole number ratio. Mass is always conserved in chemical reactions i.e., neither destroyed nor created.
Balanced chemical reaction of MnO₂ is given as:
5MnO₂ + 4H⁺ → 3Mn₂ + 4H₂O + 2MnO₄⁻
Hence, the coefficient of H⁺ in the balanced chemical equation of reduction MnO₂ is 4.
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in order to protect underground pipelines and storage tanks made of iron, the iron is made the cathode of a voltaic cell through a process called .
In order to protect underground pipelines and storage tanks made of iron, the iron is made the cathode of a voltaic cell through a process called Impressed current method which is a kind of cathodic protection.
There are two methods which belongs to cathodic protection
a) one is by connecting the base metal with a more reactive metal and making the more reactive metal anode which sacrifices itself protecting the base metal [Iron in this case] : This is known as Sacrificial anodization protection
b) the second method is : Impressed current method where the base metal is connected to a battery in such a way that it starts behaving as cathode. This method is used in the given problem
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We measure the concentration of H+ ions to be 1.00 * 10-5 M. What is the pH of this solution?
Answer:hydrogen ion concentration.
Explanation:
According to the quantum-mechanical model for the hydrogen atom, which transition produces light with longer wavelength: 3p to 2s or 4p to 2s?.
3 p. Compared to 2 s, it's going from like the 3 p level 123 up here to the 2 s level versus 4, p to 3 p, 4 tethys. According to the quantum-mechanical model for the hydrogen atom.
Methane, widely known as natural gas, has a healthy substitute in hydrogen. According to estimates, it makes about 75% of the universe's mass and is the most prevalent chemical element. Huge quantities of hydrogen atoms are present on earth in water, plants, animals, and, of course, people. The principal energy level, energy level, orbital (arbitrary level), and spin of electrons are all described in quantum mechanics models along with the possibility of placing them inside an atom. According to quantum theory, which asserts that matter exhibits wave-like qualities, the quantum mechanics model is built on this idea.
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supposed you have samples of three unknown solids. Explain how you could use their properties to determine whether or not they are ionic solids
The properties of the unknown solids which will help to determine whether or not they are ionic solids is them possessing a high melting and boiling points.
What are Ionic solids?
This is referred to as a chemical compound which comprises of ions and is usually held together by electrostatic forces called ionic bonding.
Ionic solids have to undergo melting which involves the application of heat in other to test the melting and boiling points as solid substances are unable to do that due to its tightly packed particles which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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when a 4.25-g sample of solid ammonium nitrate dissolves in 60.0 g of water in a coffee-cup lost the same as that of pure water. c = 4. 18 0/k -'63- solution process nhano3(s) - nh4*(aq) + no3 (aq) assume that the specific heat of the solution is.
Then, the dissolution process is endothermic. The solution has a positive 25.8 Kilojoules per mole specific heat. That will be equivalent to the solution's specific heat as its temperature drops.
Here's the complete question .(a) When a 4.25-g sample of solid ammonium nitrate dissolves in 60.0 g of water in a coffee-cup calorimeter ( the temperature drops from 23.0 C to 16.6 C . Calculate H (in kJ/mol NH4NO3) for the solution process shown below. Assume that the specific heat of the solution is the same as that of pure water. Hint: this process occurs at constant pressure. NH4NO3(s) --> NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) H = kJ/mol?
Answer and Explanation:
Given data:Mass of the ammonium nitrate
(NH4NO3) = 4.25 g
Mass of the water (H2O) = 60.0 g
Total mass of the mixture ( reactants) = Mass of the ammonium nitrate + Mass of the water
Total mass of the mixture ( reactants) = 4.25 g + 60.0 g = 64.25 g
Specific Heat (c) = 4.184 Jg/K
Drop in temperature (ΔT) = 23.0oC−16.6oC=6.4oC
1 Heat energy for the mixture
Q = m×c×ΔT
Here,
Q = Heat energy
m = mass of the mixture = 64.25 g
c = Specific Heat = 4.184 Jg/K
ΔT = 6.4oC
Q = 64.25g×4.184Jg/K×6.4oC
Q = 1720.4608 J
Q = 1.720 k J
2ΔH for the ammonium nitrate
ΔH = Q / Number of moles of the ammonium nitrate
Number of moles of the ammonium nitrate (n) = mass of ammonium nitrate / molar mass of ammonium nitrate
Mass of the ammonium nitrate = 4.25 g
Molar mass of the ammonium nitrate = 80g/mol
Number of moles of the ammonium nitrate (n) = 4.25/80
Number of moles of the ammonium nitrate (n) = 0.053125 moles
ΔH = Q/Number of moles of the ammonium nitrate
ΔH = 1.720kJ/0.053125mol
ΔH = 32.376 kJ/mol.
In water, is NH4NO3 endothermic or exothermic?the endothermic response,Because the reaction is endothermic, meaning it takes energy from the environment in the form of heat, the beaker turns cold when ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water. As a result, the endothermic reaction of hydrating NH4NO3 causes the beaker to become cold.
How can you say if something is endothermic or exothermic?Heat is released during an exothermic reaction, raising the temperature of the immediate environment. The surrounding is cooled through an endothermic process that absorbs heat.
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in general, when the addition of an unsymmetrical electrophilic reagent to an unsymmetrical alkene forms the product predicted by markovnikov's rule, which occurs because:
The correct answer is it is formed via the more/most stable carbocation.
The following reaction occurs between unsymmetrical alkene (CH₃CH=CH₂) and unsymmetrical electrophilic reagent (H-Br) -
CH₃CH=CH₂ + H-Br → CH₃-CH(Br)-CH₃ + H₃C-CH₂-CH₂-Br
CH₃-CH(Br)-CH₃ is the primary product because it is formed via a secondary carbocation intermediate. In comparison, H₃C-CH₂-CH₂-Br is the minor product because it is created via a primary carbocation intermediate. The stability of secondary carbocation is higher as compared to the primary carbocation. These products are according to Markovnikov's rule.
The above discussion suggests that option C is the correct answer.
What is markovnikov's rule?
Markovnikov's rule states that when an asymmetrical reagent is added to an asymmetrical alkene, then the negative half of the reagent will attach to the carbon atom containing fewer hydrogen atoms.
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Characterize each mixture as a solution, colloid, suspension.
Whipped cream:
- Solution
- Colloid
- Suspension
Colloid
Whipped cream is characterized as per it's characteristic and properties are based on physical and chemical :- Colloid each mixture as a solution, colloid, suspension.
Creme or whipped cream Desserts and beverages frequently use chantilly as a garnish. The following desserts frequently use whipped cream as a spread or topping: Pies (particularly pumpkin pies and chocolate pies) (especially pumpkin pies and chocolate pies) an ice cream (especially ice cream sundaes) In a solid, liquid, or gaseous media, one or more components are distributed as relatively large solid particles or liquid droplets to form a mixture known as a colloid mixture. A colloid's particles are frequently electrically charged, remain scattered, and do not settle as a result of gravity.
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