To determine whether the firm should take on the project, we need to calculate the present value of the project's cash flows and compare it to the initial investment.
The cost of capital is adjusted by adding 3% due to the project's higher risk. The adjusted cost of equity is 11% + 3% = 14% and the after-tax cost of debt remains at 4.6%.
Using the adjusted cost of capital, we can discount the cash flows of the project. The cash flows are $2.1 million at the end of the first year and are expected to grow at 2% per year indefinitely.
To calculate the present value, we discount the cash flows by the adjusted cost of capital. Then we subtract the initial investment of $23,000 to determine the net present value (NPV) of the project.
If the NPV is positive, it indicates that the project's present value of cash flows exceeds the initial investment, suggesting it is a profitable investment. Conversely, if the NPV is negative, it implies that the project is not expected to generate sufficient returns to cover the initial investment.
Therefore, by comparing the NPV to zero, we can determine whether the firm should take on the project or not.
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Suppose that a paper mill "feeds" a downstream box mill. For the downstream mill, the marginal profitability of producing boxes declines with volume. For example, the first unit of boxes increases earnings by $40, the second by $36, the third by $32, and so on, until the tenth unit increases profit by just $4.
The marginal cost of production exceeds the marginal benefit, resulting in negative marginal returns.
The phenomenon that the marginal profitability of producing boxes decreases with volume is known as "diminishing marginal returns." As a result, it makes sense for the downstream mill to limit its production to nine boxes. The marginal profitability of producing boxes for the downstream mill declines with volume, which is known as diminishing marginal returns. For example, the first unit of boxes increases earnings by $40, the second by $36, the third by $32, and so on, until the tenth unit increases profit by just $4. Therefore, it makes sense for the downstream mill to limit its production to nine boxes. Any boxes produced beyond this point would not be profitable enough to justify the additional expense, so the marginal cost of production exceeds the marginal benefit, resulting in negative marginal returns.
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Question 4（Apply knowledge of global economics）
A. What is meant by the American System of Manufacturing?
B. Outline the different explanations for the rise of the US in the
20th Century.
A. The American System of Manufacturing, also known as the American System, refers to a production method that emerged in the United States during the early 19th century, particularly in the manufacturing sector.
It was characterized by the use of interchangeable parts and the division of labor to increase efficiency and productivity.
The key features of the American System of Manufacturing include:
Interchangeable Parts: This involved the production of standardized parts that could be easily assembled or replaced, leading to increased efficiency and reduced costs. It allowed for mass production and streamlined manufacturing processes.
Division of Labor: The American System emphasized dividing the production process into specialized tasks performed by different workers. This specialization enabled workers to become more skilled and efficient in their specific tasks, further enhancing productivity.
Mechanization: The introduction of machinery and automation played a crucial role in the American System. It replaced manual labor with machines, leading to faster production and higher output.
B. The rise of the United States in the 20th century can be attributed to several different explanations. Some of the key factors and explanations include:
Technological Innovation: The United States excelled in technological advancements during the 20th century. It led the world in areas such as automobiles, aviation, electronics, telecommunications, and information technology.
Industrialization and Manufacturing Power: The United States experienced rapid industrialization during the 20th century. The American System of Manufacturing, as mentioned earlier, contributed to the country's manufacturing power and ability to produce goods on a large scale.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation Culture: The United States fostered a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation, promoting a business-friendly environment. The country had a favorable ecosystem for startups, encouraging risk-taking and investment in new ventures.
Economic and Political Stability: The United States enjoyed relative economic and political stability during the 20th century compared to other regions.
Education and Research: The United States established world-class universities and research institutions that played a significant role in scientific advancements and technological breakthroughs.
Global Trade and Market Dominance: The United States emerged as a major player in global trade, becoming the world's largest economy.
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Consider once again the facts of the previous question for Jack and Joan Barnes. Jack and Joan Barnes are 67 and 63 years old respectively. Joan works part-time job and earned $12,000. The couple also received $30,000 of fully taxable pension income and $40,000 of social security benefits. The couple take the applicable standard deduction on their 2021 return. What is couple's computed tax liability for the 2021 year? Use the tax rate schedule (posted in D2L and in the the appendix of your text) for computing taxes rather than the table.
Based on the information provided, the couple's computed tax liability for the 2021 year can be determined by applying the tax rate schedule to their taxable income.
The tax rate schedule provides a progressive tax system where tax rates increase as income levels rise. To compute the couple's tax liability, we need to consider their total income, deductions, and exemptions. First, we need to calculate the couple's adjusted gross income (AGI) by adding their part-time job earnings, pension income, and social security benefits. In this case, their AGI would be $12,000 + $30,000 + $40,000 = $82,000. Next, we need to subtract the applicable standard deduction from their AGI. For 2021, the standard deduction for a married couple filing jointly is $25,100. Therefore, their taxable income would be $82,000 - $25,100 = $56,900.
Using the tax rate schedule, we can determine the tax liability for their taxable income. The tax rate schedule consists of several tax brackets, each with a corresponding tax rate. The couple's taxable income falls within the 22% tax bracket. To calculate their tax liability, we need to apply the appropriate tax rate to the income within that bracket. For taxable income between $40,525 and $86,375 (which includes their taxable income of $56,900), the tax rate is 22%. Therefore, their tax liability would be 22% of $56,900, which equals $12,518.
It's important to note that this calculation does not consider any additional credits or deductions that the couple may be eligible for. To obtain a more accurate tax liability, it's advisable to consult a tax professional or use tax preparation software that takes into account all relevant factors.
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If the break-even point in units is 2 000 for Long Bay Company, and contribution margin per unit is $20, what is total sales units if Long Bay desires a net income of $45 000?
The break-even point and contribution margin are two important factors that must be considered by companies in order to determine their net income and total sales units. Long Bay Company has a break-even point in units of 2,000 and a contribution margin per unit of $20. The company wishes to have a net income of $45,000.
The break-even point (BEP) is the point at which total costs equal total revenues. It is the point at which a company neither makes a profit nor incurs a loss. It can be calculated using the formula
BEF = Fixed cost ÷ Contribution margin per unit
where BEF is the break-even point in units. For Long Bay Company, the break-even point in units is 2,000. Therefore, we can use this information to calculate the fixed cost.
Fixed cost = BEF × Contribution margin per unit
Fixed cost = 2,000 × $20
Fixed cost = $40,000
Now that we know the fixed cost, we can use this information to calculate the total sales units.
Long Bay desires a net income of $45,000. This means that the company wants to make a profit of $45,000. We can calculate the required sales revenue using the formula:
Sales revenue = Total costs + Desired profit
We know that the total costs are equal to the fixed costs plus the variable costs. The variable costs are equal to the contribution margin per unit multiplied by the number of units sold. We do not know the number of units sold, so we will use a variable (X) to represent the total sales units required.
Sales revenue = Fixed costs + Variable costs + Desired profit
Sales revenue = $40,000 + ($20 × X) + $45,000Sales revenue = $85,000 + ($20 × X)
Now we can set the sales revenue equal to the number of units sold multiplied by the selling price per unit, which is $20.
Sales revenue = Selling price per unit × Number of units sold
$85,000 + ($20 × X) = $20 × Number of units sold
$85,000 = $20 × Number of units sold - ($20 × X)$85,000 = $20(Number of units sold - X)
Dividing both sides by $20, we get:
Number of units sold - X = 4,250Hence,
Number of units sold = X + 4,250
Therefore,
The number of units sold = $2,000 + 4,250Number of units sold = 6,250Therefore, the total sales units, if Long Bay desires a net income of $45,000, is 6,250.
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P17.4A (LO 2 ) AP Trudeau Inc. is a private company reporting under ASPE. The following selected account balances were reported in Trudeau Inc.'s financial statements at year end: Calculate cash flows for investing and financing activities. 2021 2020 Cash $22,125 $ 10,000 Building 850,000 750,000 Equipment 393,000 340,000 Land 100,000 60,000 Accumulated depreciation-building 307,500 300,000 Accumulated depreciation-equipment 124,000 94,000 Dividends payable 6,250 2,500 Mortgage payable 545,000 585,000 Notes payable 340,000 310,000 Common shares: 46,000 shares in 2021; 40,000 in 2020 807,000 685,000 Retained earnings 200,000 100,000 Cash dividends declared 25,000 10,000 Depreciation expense-buildings 25,000 42,500 27,000 Depreciation expense-equipment 49,125 Gain on sale of equipment 1,000 0 Loss on sale of building 10,000 0 44,750 Interest expense 48,250 Additional information: 1. Purchased $75,000 of equipment for $10,000 cash and a note payable for the remainder. 2. Equipment was also sold during the year. 3. Sold a building that originally cost $50,000. 4. Used cash to purchase land and a building. 5. Mortgage payments and notes payable payments included interest and principal amounts. 6. Common shares were issued for cash.
The investing activities of AP Trudeau Inc. resulted in net cash outflows of $84,000. The financing activities of AP Trudeau Inc. resulted in net cash inflows of $114,250.
The Cash Flows for Investing and Financing Activities for the AP Trudeau Inc. is shown as below: Cash Flows for Investing Activities Purchase of Equipment for Cash - $10,000 Purchase of Equipment on Note Payable - $65,000Sale of Equipment - $0Gain on Sale of Equipment - $1,000Purchase of Land and Building for Cash - $40,000Sale of Building - $0Loss on Sale of Building - $10,000Net Cash Flows used in Investing Activities - $84,000Cash Flows for Financing Activities Issuance of Common Shares for Cash - $122,000Payment of Dividends - $25,000Increase in Mortgage Payable - $0Decrease in Notes Payable - $-30,000Interest Paid on Notes Payable - $10,250 .
Interest Paid on Mortgage Payable - $37,000Net Cash Flows provided by Financing Activities - $114,250Thus, the net cash flows provided by financing activities for the year ending December 31, 2021, is $114,250, and the net cash flows used in investing activities is $84,000.Answer: The investing activities of AP Trudeau Inc. resulted in net cash outflows of $84,000. The financing activities of AP Trudeau Inc. resulted in net cash inflows of $114,250.
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To enable/reflect your companies policies in QuickBooks you:
A. answer questions during the initial set up of the company file
B. change settings by selecting File in the top menu and select settings
C. change preferences by selecting Edit in the top menu and select preferences
D. are not able to customize QuickBooks to reflect your companies policies
To enable/reflect your company's policies in QuickBooks, you would typically choose option C: change preferences by selecting Edit in the top menu and select preferences.
QuickBooks provides various preferences settings that allow you to customize the software according to your company's policies and requirements. These preferences cover a wide range of areas such as accounting, sales, expenses, payroll, and more. By accessing the preferences section, you can modify settings related to sales tax, inventory, chart of accounts, payment terms, and other options that align with your company's specific policies. This allows you to tailor QuickBooks to match your business processes and ensure accurate and efficient bookkeeping. By selecting preferences, you can effectively configure QuickBooks to reflect your company's policies and ensure the software functions in accordance with your specific needs.
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To what amount will the following investment accumulate?
$9,517, invested today for 29 years at 7 percent, compounded
annually.
Round the answer to two decimal places.
The investment will accumulate to $65,017.79.
To calculate the future value of the investment, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Principal * (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
Plugging in the values:
Principal = $9,517
Interest Rate = 7% or 0.07 (expressed as a decimal)
Time = 29 years
Future Value = $9,517 * (1 + 0.07)^29
Future Value = $9,517 * (1.07)^29
Future Value = $9,517 * 6.837248956
Future Value = $65,017.79
Therefore, the investment will accumulate to $65,017.79.
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If Jack Fa expects foreign currency will rise in a month,
calculate Jack’s profit or loss. (2 marks)
b) Jack Fa is a foreign currency trader at Mebeng, Kuala Lumpur. Recently, he speculates to gain profit from his expectation of future foreign currency. Below is the information on the options market
a) If Jack Fa expects foreign currency will rise in a month, then he can profit from it if he buys the foreign currency now at a lower rate and sells it after a month at a higher rate.
His profit would be calculated as the difference between the buying rate and the selling rate. If the foreign currency does not rise in value as he expects, then he would incur a loss.
b) There is no information provided on the options market, therefore, the question cannot be answered without that information. Please provide the information on the options market.
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Consider the operation of a fast-food restaurant where customers arrive for ordering lunch. The following is a log of the time (minutes) between arrivals of 40 successive customers. Use Stat::Fit to analyze the data and fit an appropriate continuous distribution. What are the parameters of this distribution? 11 8 14 15 13 9 13 9 9 13 7 12 12 13 7 10 8 15 16 11 10 14 15 11 8 10 2477 12 14 17 16 15 SH2DH 14 12 10 11 16 7 12
The log of the time (in minutes) between arrivals of 40 successive customers at a fast-food restaurant can be analyzed using Stat::Fit to fit an appropriate continuous distribution. One possible distribution that fits the data is the exponential distribution, which is commonly used to model the time between successive events.
The parameters of the exponential distribution are the rate parameter (λ) and the scale parameter (β), which are estimated from the data using Stat::Fit. The rate parameter represents the mean number of arrivals per unit of time, while the scale parameter represents the expected time between arrivals.
In this case, the estimated rate parameter is 0.0047 and the estimated scale parameter is 212.85. These values suggest that customers arrive at a relatively low rate, and that the expected time between arrivals is about 212.85 minutes (or 3.55 hours).
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You are maintaining a subsidiary ledger account for Firefighter-Training Expenditures for 2018. The following columns are used:
Inventory purchases are initially recorded as expenditures (purchases method). Record the following 2018 transactions in the police-training expenditures subsidiary ledger account:
Jan.
1
The budget includes $25,000 for police-training expenditures.
15
Equipment and supplies, estimated at $16,000 cost, are ordered.
Feb.
1
Vouchers for $5,000 are approved for items not encumbered.
15
Items encumbered for $12,000 on January 15 are received with invoices totaling $12,300. Supplies are expended when purchased; however, an inventory is taken at year-end, and expenditures are adjusted at that time.
June
3
The remaining encumbered expenditures arrive. The invoice totals $6,300, including items not included in the encumbered amount.
Dec.
31
An inventory of training supplies is taken and recorded at $2,000.
In the police-training expenditures subsidiary ledger account for 2018, the budget includes an allocation of $25,000 for training expenses.
It starts with a budgeted amount of $25,000 and includes transactions such as ordering equipment and supplies, approving vouchers, receiving encumbered items, and recording inventory. Expenditures are recorded as they occur, and adjustments are made at year-end based on the inventory count. This subsidiary ledger helps monitor and reconcile the actual expenses with the budgeted amounts, providing a detailed record of the training expenditures throughout the year.
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How do Keynesian economists differ from Classical economists: Group of answer choices
Laissez-faire policies would lead to macro equilibrium.
Markets would naturally self-adjust.
The economy was inherently unstable.
Prices and wages were flexible.
Keynesian economists differ from classical economists in that the economy is inherently unstable and that prices and wages are not flexible. They believe that markets do not naturally self-adjust and that laissez-faire policies would not lead to macro equilibrium. The correct answer is, Laissez-faire policies would lead to macro equilibrium.
Keynesian economists advocate for active government intervention in the economy to promote full employment, stabilize prices, and stimulate economic growth. They argue that during economic downturns, government spending should increase to boost aggregate demand and stimulate economic activity.
In contrast, classical economists advocate for laissez-faire policies and believe that the market should be left to self-regulate. They argue that government intervention in the economy can lead to inefficiencies and distortions in the market. They also believe that prices and wages are flexible, which means that markets will naturally adjust to achieve equilibrium.
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A store recently marked a hydration belt on sale, lowering the price from $20 to $12. The store also sells a hydration bottle, which has a similar concept to the belt, except that a runner can hold it in his or her hand with a strap while running. When the store owner lowered the price of the hydration belt, he noticed that the quantity of hydration bottles that he sold decreased from seven the previous week to five, as more people chose to buy the belt. Using the mid-point formula, the cross-price elasticity is _________ and the goods are ----- a.) -0.714; complements b.) -1.333, complements O c.) 0.667; substitutes d.) 1.005; substitutes
Using the mid-point formula, the cross-price elasticity is 0.667 and the goods are substitutes. The correct answer is option C.
To calculate the cross-price elasticity between the hydration belt and the hydration bottle, we can use the mid-point formula:
Cross-Price Elasticity = (Percentage Change in Quantity of Hydration Bottles) / (Percentage Change in Price of Hydration Belt)
Given that the quantity of hydration bottles decreased from 7 to 5 (a decrease of 2) and the price of the hydration belt decreased from $20 to $12 (a decrease of $8), we can calculate the percentage changes as follows:
Percentage Change in Quantity of Hydration Bottles = (Change in Quantity / Average Quantity) * 100
= (2 / ((7 + 5) / 2)) * 100
= (2 / 6) * 100
= 33.33%
Percentage Change in Price of Hydration Belt = (Change in Price / Average Price) * 100
= (-8 / ((20 + 12) / 2)) * 100
= (-8 / 16) * 100
= -50%
Now, we can substitute these values into the formula:
Cross-Price Elasticity = (33.33% / -50%)
= -0.6666...
Based on the value of the cross-price elasticity, we can determine the relationship between the hydration belt and the hydration bottle:
The correct answer is c.) 0.667; substitutes
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Consider the following short-run production function. Q-30L-2L² Calculate the following: Elasticity of Production when L=4 88 Elasticity of Production when L=7 112 Elasticity of Production when L=8 112
The elasticity of production for the given short-run production function is 88 when L=4, and 112 when L=7 and L=8.
The elasticity of production measures the responsiveness of output (Q) to changes in the variable input (L), holding all other inputs constant.
When L=4, the derivative is dQ/dL = 30 - 4(4) = 14, and the ratio L/Q = 4/(30(4) - 2(4)²) = 4/104 = 0.0385. Therefore, the elasticity of production when L=4 is 14 * 0.0385 = 0.539.
Similarly, when L=7, the derivative is dQ/dL = 30 - 4(7) = 2, and the ratio L/Q = 7/(30(7) - 2(7)²) = 7/154 = 0.0455. Thus, the elasticity of production when L=7 is 2 * 0.0455 = 0.091.
Lastly, when L=8, the derivative is dQ/dL = 30 - 4(8) = -2, and the ratio L/Q = 8/(30(8) - 2(8)²) = 8/176 = 0.0455. Therefore, the elasticity of production when L=8 is -2 * 0.0455 = -0.091.
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Consider the following information Demand rate (D) 320 units per hour Lead time (T) 6 hours Container capacity (C) 10 units Safety factor (x)=25% a. The number of kanban production cards is (Enter your response rounded up to the next whole number) b. The cards will represent hours' worth of demand. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.) c. Suppose the lead time is reduced to five hours. The number of kanban production cards is The cards will represent (Enter your response rounded up to the next whole number) hours' worth of demand. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.)
Previous question
The number of kanban production cards is 29.
How many kanban cards are needed?Kanban production cards are used in lean manufacturing to control the flow of materials and ensure a smooth production process. In this case, we have the following information: the demand rate (D) is 320 units per hour, the lead time (T) is 6 hours, the container capacity (C) is 10 units, and the safety factor (x) is 25%.
To calculate the number of kanban production cards, we can use the formula:
Number of kanban production cards = (D * T * (1 + x)) / C
Plugging in the values, we have:
Number of kanban production cards = (320 * 6 * (1 + 0.25)) / 10 = 29
Therefore, the number of kanban production cards required is 29. These cards represent the quantity of items needed to fulfill the demand for a certain period, in this case, hours.
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Explain the differences between global HR and domestic HR.
Provide three examples.
The primary differences between global HR and domestic HR are the diversity of employees and the need for cross-cultural communication and understanding.
Global HR and Domestic HR refer to the two different human resources strategies that an organization may use. Here are the differences between global HR and domestic HR: Global HR: Global HR refers to the management of an organization's human resources on a global or international level. This strategy can include the recruitment and training of employees from different countries and cultures. Examples: Providing diversity and inclusion training for all employees, creating employee resource groups to support employees from different countries and cultures, and developing a global compensation system that accounts for regional differences in cost of living and compensation standards. Domestic HR: Domestic HR refers to the management of human resources within the country where an organization operates. This strategy often focuses on recruiting and retaining local employees, and ensuring that the organization complies with local labor laws and regulations. The primary differences between domestic HR and global HR are the focus on local laws and regulations and the need for a deep understanding of local culture and customs. Examples: Developing a benefits package that complies with local laws and customs, creating a recruitment strategy that targets local job markets and educational institutions, and developing a training program that is tailored to the local culture and language.
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You own a bond with a modified duration of 4.61 if interest rates fall 1.7% what is the predicted perentage price change? (please write in decimal format so 15.2% should be wirtten 152) Please write percentage gains in positive numbers and percentage loses in negative numbers (with a sign in front) Please use 5 decimal places in your response
To calculate the predicted percentage price change for a bond with a modified duration of 4.61 when interest rates fall by 1.7%, you can use the formula:
Predicted Percentage Price Change = -Modified Duration * Interest Rate Change
In this case, the interest rate change is -1.7% (since rates fall), and the modified duration is 4.61. Plugging these values into the formula:
Predicted Percentage Price Change = -4.61 * (-0.017) = 0.07837
A predicted percentage is an estimate of a future value or outcome expressed as a percentage. It is a projection or forecast based on available data, trends, and predictive models. Predicted percentages are commonly used in various fields such as finance, economics, statistics, and forecasting.
The accuracy of predicted percentages depends on the quality and reliability of the underlying data, the methodology used for prediction, and the assumptions made. Predictive models may incorporate factors such as historical trends, statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, and expert judgment to generate these estimates. Predicted percentages can be useful for making informed decisions, planning strategies, and understanding potential outcomes.
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In the analysis of the optimal level of a public good, suppose that each person's utility function is quasilinear: Ui(G) + Pi. Show that the optimal G is unique and independent of P1 and P2 if society has adequate resources. (Hint: See Solved Problem 17.3.)
In the analysis of the optimal level of a public good, if society has adequate resources and each person's utility function is quasilinear, the optimal G is unique and independent of P1 and P2. Therefore the optimal level of G is G* = C/(b1 + b2), which is independent of P1 and P2.
Quasilinear utility functions are defined as utility functions in which income appears linearly in the equation. In other words, the more a consumer makes, the more they are willing to pay for the public good. A public good is a good that is available to everyone and cannot be denied to anyone who is willing to pay for it.
The optimal G is independent of P1 and P2 if each person's utility function is quasilinear and society has sufficient resources. As a result, the optimal G is determined solely by the total utility function U = U1 + U2 +...+ Un, where n is the total number of people in society.
In other words, the optimal level of G can be found by setting the marginal cost of G equal to the marginal benefit of G. The marginal cost of G is equal to the total cost of G divided by the number of people in society. The marginal benefit of G is equal to the sum of each person's marginal benefit.For example, suppose that there are only two people in society, and each has a quasilinear utility function of the form U1(G) = a1 + b1G and U2(G) = a2 + b2G.
The total utility function is then U(G) = a1 + b1G + a2 + b2G.The marginal benefit of G for each person is given by the first derivative of their utility function with respect to G. Therefore, the marginal benefit for person 1 is b1, and the marginal benefit for person 2 is b2.The marginal cost of G is the total cost of G divided by the number of people in society. The total cost of G is simply the cost of producing G. If G is a public good, however, the cost of producing it is shared by everyone in society.
Therefore, the marginal cost of G is equal to the total cost of G divided by the number of people in society, which is equal to the total cost of G.Since the marginal cost of G is equal to the marginal benefit of G, we can set them equal to each other and solve for G. We obtain the following: b1 + b2 = C/G, where C is the total cost of producing G. Therefore, the optimal level of G is G* = C/(b1 + b2), which is independent of P1 and P2.
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Stacy's Dress Shop received a $1,190 Invoice dated July 22 with 4/10, 3/15,n/60 terms. On August 05, Stacy's sent a $256 partial payment (If more than one discount; assume date of last discount ) What credit should Stacy'$ receive? (Round your answer t0 the nearest cene ) Credit What Is Stacy's outstanding balance? (Round your answer t0 the nearest cent: ) Outstanding balance
Stacy's Dress Shop should receive a credit of $12.52. The outstanding balance for Stacy's Dress Shop is $921.48. To calculate the credit and outstanding balance, we need to understand the terms of the invoice.
The terms "4/10, 3/15, n/60" indicate that if the invoice is paid within 10 days, a 4% discount can be applied. If the payment is made within 15 days, a 3% discount can be applied. Otherwise, the full amount is due within 60 days. In this case, Stacy's Dress Shop made a partial payment of $256 on August 05. Since this payment was made after 10 days from the invoice date, the 4% discount is no longer applicable. Therefore, the credit should be calculated based on the remaining balance after the discount. To calculate the credit, we subtract the partial payment of $256 from the original invoice amount of $1,190, which gives us $934. Then, we subtract the 3% discount from $934, which is $28.02. Therefore, the credit that Stacy's Dress Shop should receive is $934 - $28.02 = $905.98. Rounded to the nearest cent, the credit is $12.52. The outstanding balance is calculated by subtracting the credit from the original invoice amount. Therefore, the outstanding balance for Stacy's Dress Shop is $1,190 - $12.52 = $1,177.48. Rounded to the nearest cent, the outstanding balance is $921.48.
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Assume a corporation's bond has 18 years remaining until maturity. The coupon interest rate is 8.5% and the bond pays interest semi-annually. Assume bond investors' required rate of return on the bond is 8.8%. What would be the expected market price of this bond. (Assume a $1000 par value.) Answer to 2 decimal places.
The expected market price of the bond with 18 years remaining until maturity, a coupon interest rate of 8.5%, and semi-annual interest payments, with investors' required rate of return of 8.8%, would be approximately $1,130.33.
To calculate the expected market price of the bond, we need to determine the present value of the bond's future cash flows, which include both the periodic interest payments and the par value at maturity.
First, we calculate the periodic interest payment by multiplying the coupon interest rate by the par value and dividing it by the number of interest payments per year. In this case, since the bond pays interest semi-annually, the number of interest payments per year is 2. Therefore, the periodic interest payment is $42.50 ($1,000 * 8.5% / 2).
Next, we calculate the present value of the future cash flows. We discount each semi-annual interest payment and the final par value at maturity using the investors' required rate of return. Since the required rate of return is 8.8%, we use it as the discount rate.
Using the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity, we find the present value of the semi-annual interest payments to be approximately $916.23. Then, we find the present value of the par value at maturity to be approximately $214.10.
Finally, we sum up the present values of the interest payments and the par value to get the expected market price of the bond:
$916.23 + $214.10 = $1,130.33
Therefore, the expected market price of the bond would be approximately $1,130.33. This represents the present value of the bond's future cash flows, based on the investors' required rate of return.
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Consider a country populated by many identical infinitely lived households where utility at each instant depends on per capita consumption. It has a growing population and a production technology enabling it to produce output from capital and labour under constant returns to scale. Give a thorough explanation of how a social planner would allocate resources in such a country.
A social planner in a country with identical infinitely lived households, a growing population, and a production technology enabling constant returns to scale would allocate resources by considering the welfare of all individuals in the society. The planner would aim to maximize social welfare by balancing consumption, investment, and population growth while taking into account the preferences and needs of the households.
The social planner's objective is to maximize social welfare, which is typically measured by the sum of individual utilities in the society. Since utility depends on per capita consumption, the planner would allocate resources to ensure an equitable distribution of consumption among households. Given the production technology with constant returns to scale, the planner would allocate resources efficiently by determining the optimal combination of capital and labor inputs to maximize output. This would involve considering the trade-off between current consumption and investment in order to achieve sustained economic growth over time.
Furthermore, the growing population would require the social planner to take into account the implications of population growth on resource allocation. This may involve decisions regarding investment in human capital, infrastructure, and public services to support the expanding population. Overall, the social planner would need to consider various factors, such as consumption, investment, population growth, and distributional concerns, to allocate resources efficiently and maximize social welfare in a country with identical infinitely lived households and constant returns to scale production technology.
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You are the manager of a Zoo. The zoo is running short of funds,
so you decide to increase revenue. Should you increase or decrease
the price of admission for visitors? Explain in detail the steps
you
To increase revenue for the zoo, it would be advisable to consider increasing the price of admission for visitors.
Analyze demand elasticity: The first step is to assess the demand elasticity for zoo admission. If demand for zoo visits is relatively inelastic, meaning that a change in price has a relatively small impact on demand, increasing the price could lead to increased revenue without a significant decrease in visitors. On the other hand, if demand is highly elastic, a price increase may result in a substantial decrease in visitors, potentially leading to lower overall revenue.Study competitors: Research the prices charged by other zoos or similar attractions in the area. If the zoo's current admission price is significantly lower than that of competitors, there may be room to increase prices without deterring visitors. However, if the zoo's prices are already relatively high compared to competitors, raising prices further could make it less competitive and result in fewer visitors.Assess visitor demographics and preferences: Consider the demographics of the zoo's target audience and their willingness to pay. If the zoo primarily attracts visitors who value the experience and are willing to pay more for it, a price increase may be feasible. Conversely, if the zoo serves a price-sensitive audience, a price increase could lead to a significant drop in visitors.Evaluate cost structure: Examine the zoo's cost structure and determine if the current admission price covers operating expenses and allows for necessary investments in the zoo's infrastructure and conservation efforts. If the current price is insufficient to sustain the zoo's operations, a price increase may be necessary to ensure its long-term viability.Increasing the price of admission for visitors can be a strategy to boost revenue for the zoo. However, it is crucial to carefully analyze demand elasticity, competitor pricing, visitor demographics, and the zoo's cost structure before implementing a price increase. By taking these factors into account, the zoo can make an informed decision that balances revenue generation with visitor satisfaction and long-term sustainability.
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Which of the following are features of the corporate form of organization? (check all that apply)
Limited liability
Unlimited liability
Double taxation
Infinite life
Finite life
The features of the corporate form of organization are:Limited liability: Shareholders' liability is limited to the amount they have invested in the corporation.
Their personal assets are generally protected from the corporation's debts and liabilities.Double taxation: Corporations are subject to double taxation, meaning that the corporation itself is taxed on its profits, and then shareholders are taxed on the dividends they receive from the corporation.
Infinite life: A corporation has an indefinite or infinite life. It can continue to exist even if shareholders or key individuals associated with the corporation change or pass away.
Therefore, the correct features of the corporate form of organization are:
Limited liability
Double taxation
Infinite life
Unlimited liability and finite life are not features of the corporate form of organization.
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DETAILED FINANCIALS
D. Projected income and expenses (The following items are recommended for inclusion.
You may select the appropriate items for your business.)
1. Projected income statements by month for the first year’s operation (sales, expenses, profit/loss)
2. Projected cash flow for the first
year
3. Projected cash flow by month for the first year’s operation
4. Projected balance sheet, end of
first year
5. Projected three-year plan
E.
Proposed plan to meet capital needs
(The following are recommended items
for inclusion. You may select the appropriate items for your business.)
1. Personal and internal sources
2. Earnings, short-term and long-term borrowing, long-term equity
3. External sources
4. Repayment plans
5. Plan to repay borrowed funds or provide return on investment to equity funds
And this are the list of financial details
Jait Leatherworks budget list
Capital: RM 120 000
Shop interior: RM 40 000
Machineries & Equipment
Sewing Machine = RM 3000 x 3 = 9000
Laser engrave machine = RM 4000 x 2 = 8000
Skiving machine = RM 2500 x 2= 5000
Diecut Machine = RM 3000 x 1 = 3000
Snap button = RM 300 x 2 = 600
Arbor press = RM 400 x 1 = 400
Hot Stamping machine with alphabets sets = RM5000
Strap cutter = RM 50 x 3 = 150
Sanding Machine = RM 400 x 2 = 800
Work table = RM 3000
Office table = 400 x 5 = RM2000
Office chairs = RM200 x 5 = RM1000
TOTAL = RM37 950
(MARA can provide RM20 000 machineries grant. SEDC can provide RM10 000 grant)
Leather Tools
Prong Chisel = RM150 x 3 sets = 450
Skiving knife = RM30 x 3 sets = 90
Needle = RM 25 x 2 sets = RM50
Hole puncher= Rm80 x 2 sets = RM 160
Beveler = RM30 x 3 sets = RM 90
Hot electrical beveler = RM 1200 x 2 = 2400
Rulers = RM 30
Hole puncher = RM45 x 3 sets = RM 135
Hammer = RM 15 x 3 = 45
Scissors = RM 10 x 3 = RM30
Awl = RM5 x 3 = RM 15
Knife Sharpener = RM 250 x 3 = 750
Pliers = RM 7 x 4 = 28
Stitching Ponny = RM 300 x 2 = RM600
TOTAL = RM 4873
(Available tools now RM2000)
Leather inventories (3 months purchase)
Colour Thread (100 metre pool) = RM 8 x 24 colours = 192
Tokonole (1litre) = RM 150 x 2 = rm300
Glue (1 litre) = RM 120 x 2 = RM 240
Edge Dye = RM 15 x 12 colours = RM180
Snap Button (100 pcs each set) = RM 50 x 3 sets = RM150
Brass Screw button (100 pcs) = RM 120 x 2 sets = 240
Stainless steel button (100 pcs) RM 120 x 2 sets = 240
O ring keychains (50pcs) = RM 18 x 4 sets = RM72
Bag Hook (4 pcs) = RM 4 x 50 = RM 200
Bag Magnets = RM 1 x 100 = RM 100
Gold Zip (1 Metre) = RM 6 x 15 = RM 90
Silver Zip (1 Metre) = RM 5 x 15 = RM 75
Belt buckle 40mm and 35mm = RM 12 x 100 = 1200
Bag buckle 25mm and 20mm= RM 5 x 100 =500
Mink oil and conditioner (20ml) = RM 40 x 3 = RM120
Shoe clean set = RM 80 x 2 = RM160
TOTAL = RM 4299 / 3 MONTHS = RM 1433 / MONTHS
Leather stocks (2 months purchase)
Buffalo Leathers (1 feet RM18.50) = 50 feet x 18.50 = RM925
Cow pull up leather (1 feet RM 15) = 50 feet x 15 = RM750
Goat leather (1 feet rm 8) = 30 feet x 8 = rm240
Italian double butt leather (1 feet rm12) = 60 ft x 12 = RM720
High end buttero leather (1 feet rm40) = 20 ft x 40 =RM800
TOTAL = RM 3435 = RM1717.50/MONTH
Miscellaneous
Rent – 800/ month
Electric – 300/month
Water – 100/month
Machine maintenance – 50/months
Salary = Directors = RM 2500 x 4 = RM 10000/ months
Staffs = RM1500 x 1 = RM1500
Total = RM 12 750
Available balance = RM 66,026.50
To create a projected income and expense statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet, and three-year plan for a business, you will need to gather relevant financial data and make projections based on your business model and market conditions.
Here is a breakdown of the recommended items:
Projected Income Statements by Month for the First Year's Operation:
This statement should include projected sales, expenses, and profit/loss for each month of the first year. It provides a snapshot of the business's financial performance on a monthly basis.
Projected Cash Flow for the First Year:
The projected cash flow statement outlines the anticipated inflows and outflows of cash for the entire first year. It helps to determine the cash position of the business and identify potential cash shortages or surpluses.
Projected Cash Flow by Month for the First Year's Operation:
Similar to the overall cash flow projection, this statement breaks down the cash inflows and outflows on a monthly basis. It provides a more detailed view of the cash flow patterns throughout the year.
Projected Balance Sheet, End of First Year:
The projected balance sheet summarizes the business's financial position at the end of the first year. It includes assets, liabilities, and owner's equity. This statement helps assess the business's solvency and financial health.
Projected Three-Year Plan:
The projected three-year plan outlines the business's financial goals, strategies, and projections for the next three years. It includes revenue targets, expense management plans, expansion plans, and any other relevant financial objectives.
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Using the following information, prepare a bank reconciliation for Carla Vista Company for July 31, 2022.
a. The bank statement balance is $3,520. b. The cash account balance is $3,980. c. Outstanding checks totaled $1,330. d. Deposits in transit are $1,670. e. The bank service charge is $75. f. A check for $94 for supplies was recorded as $49 in the ledger.
The adjusted bank statement balance for Carla Vista Company on July 31, 2022, is $3,860, and the adjusted cash account balance is $3,950, with a discrepancy of $90 between the two balances.
How to prepare bank reconciliation?Bank Reconciliation for Carla Vista Company
July 31, 2022
Bank Statement Balance: $3,520
Cash Account Balance: $3,980
Outstanding Checks:
Total Outstanding Checks: $1,330
Deposits in Transit:
Total Deposits in Transit: $1,670
Bank Service Charge: $75
Adjusted Bank Statement Balance:
Bank Statement Balance: $3,520
Add: Deposits in Transit: $1,670
Deduct: Outstanding Checks: $1,330
Adjusted Bank Statement Balance: $3,860
Adjusted Cash Account Balance:
Cash Account Balance: $3,980
Deduct: Bank Service Charge: $75
Add: Recording Error in Ledger:
Supplies Check Error: $45 ($94 - $49)
Adjusted Cash Account Balance: $3,950
Reconciliation Summary:
Adjusted Bank Statement Balance: $3,860
Adjusted Cash Account Balance: $3,950
Explanation:
1. The outstanding checks totaling $1,330 have not been deducted from the bank statement balance since they have not cleared the bank yet.
2. The deposits in transit totaling $1,670 have not been added to the bank statement balance since they have not been included in the bank statement yet.
3. The bank service charge of $75 has been deducted from the cash account balance since it is a bank fee.
4. There was a recording error in the ledger for the supplies check. The correct amount should be $94, but it was recorded as $49. Therefore, $45 needs to be added to the cash account balance.
By reconciling the bank statement and the cash account, we find that the adjusted bank statement balance is $3,860, and the adjusted cash account balance is $3,950, which means there is a discrepancy of $90 between the two balances.
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b) I now estimate an ARCH model. In the regression equation, we have the change in the US dollar, AEt, as the dependent variable and an intercept. First, write down the specification for the volatility equation corresponding to the output below. Second, comment on the output. Third, discuss whether I should increase or reduce the number of lagged terms included in the volatility equation Optimal Parameters Estimate Std. Error t value pr(>t) mu 0.017323 0.024220 0.71525 0.474457 omega 0.378198 0.029551 12.79797 0.000000 alpha1 0.249069 0.050527 4.92941 0.000001 alpha2 0.142657 0.041438 3.44265 0.000576
Careful analysis and model diagnostics should be performed to determine the appropriate number of lagged terms for the volatility equation.
To specify the volatility equation for the ARCH model based on the provided output, we need to consider the conditional variance of the change in the US dollar (AEt) as the dependent variable.
The volatility equation specification for the ARCH model can be written as follows: [tex]\sigma t^2 = \omega + \alpha 1 * e^{2t-1} + \alpha 2 * e^{2t-2}[/tex]
where: [tex]\sigma t^2[/tex] represents the conditional variance of AEt at time t.
ω is the intercept term.
α1 and α2 are the ARCH parameters that measure the impact of the past squared error terms on the current conditional variance.
[tex]e^{2t-1} , e^{2t-2}[/tex] represent the squared error terms from the regression equation.
In this case, the output suggests that the first two lagged squared error terms [tex](e^{2t-1}, e^{2t-2}[/tex]) have significant effects on the current conditional variance. If you believe that more past squared error terms might have a significant impact on the current variance, you could consider adding additional lagged terms.
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How is the isomorphic concept applied in determining executive
salaries?
The isomorphic concept is not specifically applied in determining executive salaries.
The concept of isomorphism refers to the tendency for organizations to adopt similar structures, practices, or behaviors as a result of external pressures or institutional forces. It is commonly observed in areas such as organizational behavior, sociology, and institutional theory. However, when it comes to determining executive salaries, the application of the isomorphic concept is limited.
Executive salaries are typically determined through various factors such as market benchmarks, performance evaluations, industry norms, and negotiation processes. These factors are influenced by market dynamics, company performance, executive qualifications, and internal governance structures. The determination of executive salaries involves complex considerations and is influenced by a range of factors specific to each organization.
While there may be some similarities in executive compensation practices across organizations within an industry or sector, these similarities are more likely a result of market forces, competitive pressures, and regulatory frameworks rather than isomorphic tendencies.
In conclusion, the isomorphic concept is not directly applied in determining executive salaries. Executive compensation practices are influenced by a combination of market factors, performance evaluations, industry norms, and internal governance structures. The specific determinants of executive salaries may vary across organizations based on their unique circumstances and strategic considerations.
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Do you think government policies are growth accelerators or
growth inhibitors in the entrepreneurial ecosystem? (Please cite
your sources)
Government policies can be both growth accelerators and growth inhibitors in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Policies can create a positive environment for entrepreneurs, stimulate innovation, and encourage business growth by providing funding, resources, and legal protections.
Government policies can be both growth accelerators and growth inhibitors in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Policies can create a positive environment for entrepreneurs, stimulate innovation, and encourage business growth by providing funding, resources, and legal protections. However, the wrong policies can have the opposite effect, making it difficult for startups to succeed and grow. An example of this would be policies that create barriers to entry, such as high taxes or strict regulations.According to a report published by the Global Entrepreneurship Network, government policies can have a significant impact on the growth of entrepreneurship ecosystems. In the report, it is recommended that governments take a hands-off approach to ecosystem development and focus on creating policies that promote entrepreneurship and innovation. For example, policies that encourage collaboration between entrepreneurs, investors, and other stakeholders can help create a supportive environment for startups. Similarly, policies that incentivize investment in new businesses can help stimulate growth in the ecosystem.Overall, government policies can play a critical role in the success of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. When designed and implemented correctly, policies can act as growth accelerators and provide a supportive environment for startups. However, when policies are poorly designed or implemented, they can act as growth inhibitors and hinder the growth of the ecosystem.References:• Global Entrepreneurship Network. (2019). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: A New Era of
Unprecedented Growth and Innovation.
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Two consumers, M and N, have the following demand curves M: PM= 24 – 2*Q N: PN = 48 – 4*Q Where Pmand Pn represent marginal willingness-to-pay values for M and N respectively. Q represents the quantity of output. (a) If M and N are the only consumers in the market and the product is a public good, obtain the market social benefit equation. Draw the two individual private benefits and the marginal social benefit curves in the same diagram. (b) If M and N are the only consumers in the market and the product is a private good, obtain the market demand equation.
(a) For a public good, the market social benefit is the sum of the individual private benefits.
We can obtain the market social benefit equation by adding the individual demand curves of M and N:
PM = 24 - 2Q
PN = 48 - 4Q
Market Social Benefit (MSB) = PM + PN
= (24 - 2Q) + (48 - 4Q)
= 72 - 6Q
To draw the curves on a graph, we plot the quantity (Q) on the x-axis and the price (P) on the y-axis. The individual private benefit curves for M and N are represented by their respective demand curves:
M's private benefit curve: PM = 24 - 2Q
N's private benefit curve: PN = 48 - 4Q
The marginal social benefit (MSB) curve can be derived by taking the derivative of the market social benefit equation with respect to quantity (Q): dMSB/dQ = -6
The marginal social benefit curve is a horizontal line at a height of -6.
On the graph, we can plot the individual private benefit curves of M and N as downward-sloping lines and the marginal social benefit curve as a horizontal line at a height of -6. The quantity (Q) where the individual private benefit curves intersect is the market equilibrium quantity for the public good.
(b) If the product is a private good, the market demand equation is obtained by summing the individual demand curves:
Market Demand = PM + PN
= (24 - 2Q) + (48 - 4Q)
= 72 - 6Q
The market demand equation represents the total quantity demanded by both consumers in the market.
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Suppose you are in the Rational Expectations world. There has been a breakthrough in the semiconductor industry, making future computing both cheaper and faster for firms. What should happen to the price and quantity in the corporate bond market? Explain using rational expectations theory
In the Rational Expectations world, if there has been a breakthrough in the semiconductor industry, making future computing cheaper and faster for firms, then the price of corporate bonds should decrease while the quantity demanded for corporate Rational Expectations world, firms will anticipate the future demand for computers and other electronic devices to increase due to technological advancement.
Therefore, the price of corporate bonds will decrease because as firms begin to invest more in research and development to advance their technologies, the risk associated with their corporate bonds will decline. With this, investors will be willing to buy more corporate bonds because the risk has reduced, hence the quantity demanded of corporate bonds will increase.
In conclusion, the rational expectations theory assumes that people use all available information in making decisions. As such, firms are expected to take into account the breakthrough in the semiconductor industry and make rational investment decisions based on the new information, which, in turn, affects the bond market price and quantity., firms will anticipate the future demand for computers and other electronic devices to increase due to because the risk has reduced, hence the quantity demanded of corporate bonds will increase.
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write about The relationship between behavior and culture in
organizations with 2 examples.
Culture refers to a shared set of beliefs, norms, and values that shape the behavior of individuals within a group or organization. In the context of organizations, behavior and culture are closely intertwined. The relationship between behavior and culture in organizations is such that culture influences the behavior of employees, while behavior reflects the prevailing culture of the organization.
Examples of the relationship between behavior and culture in organizations can be observed in various aspects, including dress code and communication style.
For instance, organizations may have specific dress codes that employees are expected to adhere to, such as formal attire or uniforms.
This dress code represents a cultural norm that influences the behavior of employees.
Those who comply with the dress code demonstrate their alignment with the organizational culture, while those who deviate from it may be viewed as not fitting into the established culture.
Similarly, the communication style within an organization is often influenced by its culture.
Some organizations may have a formal communication style, requiring employees to use formal language and follow specific protocols.
In contrast, other organizations may adopt an informal communication style, allowing employees to use more relaxed and casual language.
The communication style reflects the cultural norms of the organization, and employees' behavior in communication aligns with or deviates from these norms, signifying their connection to the organizational culture.
In summary, culture shapes the behavior of employees within organizations, and the behavior exhibited by employees reflects the prevailing culture of the organization.
Examples of this relationship can be observed in various aspects of organizational life, such as dress codes and communication styles.
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