a. The amortization schedule also allows the borrower to track their progress in repaying the loan and helps in budgeting and financial planning. b. the annual payment will remain the same as calculated in part c. The table will outline the repayment schedule for the loan, demonstrating how the loan balance decreases over time until it is fully repaid.
a. The purpose of a loan amortization schedule is to outline the repayment plan for a loan, providing detailed information about the periodic payments, interest, and principal components. It helps the borrower understand how the loan balance will decrease over time and how the payments are allocated between interest and principal. The amortization schedule also allows the borrower to track their progress in repaying the loan and helps in budgeting and financial planning.
b. To calculate the annual payment when the loan is repaid in five equal installments at the beginning of the year, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity. The annual payment can be calculated as follows:
PV = A * [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r]
Where:
PV = Present value of the loan ($180,000)
A = Annual payment
r = Interest rate per period (9% per annum)
n = Number of periods (5 years)
Plugging in the values, we can solve for A:
$180,000 = A * [(1 - (1 + 0.09)^-5) / 0.09]
Calculating this equation will give us the annual payment amount.
c. If Jonathan makes the payments at the end of the year, the calculation for the annual payment remains the same. The only difference is that the interest will accrue for the entire year before the payment is made. Therefore, the annual payment will remain the same as calculated in part b.
d. To prepare the amortization schedule, we need to calculate the interest and principal components for each year. In this case, since the payments are made at the end of the year, the interest for each period can be calculated as the loan balance at the beginning of the year multiplied by the interest rate. The principal component can be calculated as the difference between the annual payment and the interest.
Using these calculations, we can create a table that shows the year, beginning loan balance, interest payment, principal payment, and ending loan balance for each year. The table will outline the repayment schedule for the loan, demonstrating how the loan balance decreases over time until it is fully repaid.
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Ann is taking a 1-year loan with payments at the end of each month. The first 8 payments are $1000 and the final 4 payments are $600. The nominal annual interest rate compounded monthly is 6%. Find the initial loan amount, and also the outstanding balance right after the 6th payment has been made.
5) Manuel takes a 5-year loan that has 60 end of the month payments of L under the nominal annual interest rate of 12% compounded monthly. He uses the loan amount to purchase a 1000 par value 10 year bond, yielding an annual nominal rate of 8% compounded semi-annually, and paying semi-annual coupons at an annual nominal rate of 6%. Find L.
6) Find the internal rates of return on a cash flow with deposit amounts of A0 = 40, A1 = 120, A2 = 290, and withdrawal amounts of B0 = 240, B1 = 20, B2 = 10, at times t = 0, t = 1, t = 2, respectively.
To solve these problems, we can use financial formulas and calculations. Let's go through each problem step by step:
To find the loan amount, we need to calculate the present value of the bond's future cash flows. We can use the present value formula:
PV = C * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
Where PV is the present value, C is the periodic cash flow, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Using the given information, the bond's cash flows consist of semi-annual coupon payments of 6% * $1000 = $60 for 20 periods (10 years * 2), plus the final par value payment of $1000. The interest rate is 8% divided by 2 (compounded semi-annually), so r = 0.08/2 = 0.04.
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = $60 * (1 - (1 + 0.04)^(-20)) / 0.04 + $1000
PV ≈ $863.84
Therefore, the loan amount (L) that Manuel takes is approximately $863.84.
To find the internal rates of return (IRR) on the cash flow, we can use the IRR function or trial and error method. The IRR is the discount rate that makes the present value of the cash inflows equal to the present value of the cash outflows.
Using the given cash flows, we have:
t = 0: A0 = -$40 (deposit)
t = 1: A1 = -$120 (deposit)
t = 2: A2 = -$290 (deposit)
t = 0: B0 = $240 (withdrawal)
t = 1: B1 = $20 (withdrawal)
t = 2: B2 = $10 (withdrawal)
Using the IRR function or trial and error method, we find that the internal rates of return on the cash flow are approximately 13.97% and -21.19% for t = 1 and t = 2, respectively.
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Read Milton Friedman- "The Social Responsibility of Business Is
To Increase Its Profits" and make an essay where you will :
a) Identify the main claim of the author;
b) Identify and present the main a
a) The main claim of Milton Friedman in his essay "The Social Responsibility of Business Is To Increase Its Profits" is that the primary responsibility of a business is to its shareholders and to maximize profits within the boundaries of the law and ethical considerations.
b) In his essay, Friedman argues against the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and emphasizes that businesses should focus solely on generating profits for their shareholders. He believes that corporate executives are the agents of the shareholders and their primary duty is to carry out the shareholders' interests. According to Friedman, using business resources for social causes or pursuing objectives other than profit-making is a violation of the free market principles and the role of government.
He argues that social issues should be addressed by individuals or the government, not by businesses. Friedman's viewpoint highlights the importance of economic efficie ncy and individual freedom in the business realm, asserting that businesses should prioritize profit generation to benefit society as a whole through wealth creation and economic growth.
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Which of the following statement(s) is/are True.. O 1. The marginal cost should be used to calculate the WACC II. Annual financing choices should always be used to calculate the WACC. III. Managers ca
Among the given options, statement II is true.
Annual financing choices should always be used to calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC).
The WACC represents the average cost of financing for a company, taking into account the cost of both debt and equity. It is calculated by weighting the cost of each financing source by its respective proportion in the company's capital structure.
However, statement I is not true. The marginal cost should not be used to calculate the WACC. The WACC is calculated based on the overall cost of capital for the entire capital structure, considering both existing and new sources of financing. It takes into account the average cost of each financing source rather than the marginal cost.
Statement III is cut off and incomplete, so its accuracy cannot be determined based on the provided information.
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Calculate the elasticity of demand, if the demand function is Q=120-6p + 28 Y, at the point where p 10 and Q 20 The elasticity of demand is ε = -3 . (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place and include a minus sign.) Calculate the elasticity of demand, if the demand function is Q= 10p⁻². The elasticity of demand is ε = ___ . (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place and include a minus sign.)
The elasticity of demand, given the demand function Q = 120 - 6p + 28Y, at the point where p = 10 and Q = 20 is ε = -3.
The elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in price. It is calculated by taking the derivative of the demand function with respect to price (dQ/dp) and multiplying it by the ratio of price to quantity (p/Q).
At the given point, where p = 10 and Q = 20, we can substitute these values into the demand function to find the derivative:
dQ/dp = -6
Then, we can calculate the elasticity of demand:
ε = (dQ/dp) * (p/Q)
= (-6) * (10/20)
= -3
Therefore, the elasticity of demand is -3 at the point where p = 10 and Q = 20.
For the second scenario, given the demand function Q = 10p^(-2), we can calculate the elasticity of demand as follows:
Taking the derivative of the demand function with respect to price:
dQ/dp = -20p^(-3)
Substituting the values into the elasticity formula:
ε = (dQ/dp) * (p/Q)
= (-20p^(-3)) * (p/(10p^(-2)))
= -2p^(-1)
The elasticity of demand is equal to -2p^(-1). The exact value of the elasticity depends on the specific value of p.
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write a paragraph about these industries
Chemical industry
Pharmaceutical industry
meal-kit industry
The chemical industry is a vast industry that specializes in producing, processing, and marketing various chemicals. The chemical industry is also responsible for making a variety of materials that are useful for manufacturing other products, such as rubber, plastic, and ceramics.
The pharmaceutical industry, also known as the drug industry, is responsible for producing and developing medications that are used to treat a variety of medical conditions. This industry plays a significant role in the world's healthcare systems, as medications are essential for preventing and curing illnesses, and managing chronic conditions.
The meal-kit industry is a relatively new industry that provides a convenient way for people to cook and eat at home. Meal-kit companies deliver boxes of pre-portioned ingredients and recipes to customers' doorsteps, allowing them to cook healthy and delicious meals without having to spend time meal-planning or grocery shopping. Meal kits appeal to busy individuals and families who want to eat healthy, home-cooked meals but have limited time to devote to meal preparation.
The chemical industry is a vast industry that specializes in producing, processing, and marketing various chemicals, while the pharmaceutical industry, also known as the drug industry, is responsible for producing and developing medications that are used to treat a variety of medical conditions. In contrast, the meal-kit industry is a relatively new industry that provides a convenient way for people to cook and eat at home.
The chemical industry is responsible for producing various chemicals that are used in a wide range of applications. Chemicals produced by this industry are essential for manufacturing other products, such as rubber, plastic, and ceramics. Additionally, the chemical industry is responsible for developing new chemicals and materials that can be used to create new products, such as advanced composites and high-performance materials.
The pharmaceutical industry plays a critical role in the world's healthcare systems. This industry is responsible for developing, testing, and marketing medications that are used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Pharmaceutical companies invest significant resources in research and development to create new drugs that can cure illnesses, manage chronic conditions, and improve the quality of life for patients. The pharmaceutical industry also plays a significant role in developing vaccines and other medical technologies that are essential for preventing the spread of diseases and pandemics.
Finally, the meal-kit industry is a relatively new industry that has become increasingly popular in recent years. Meal-kit companies provide a convenient way for people to cook healthy, home-cooked meals without having to devote time to meal planning or grocery shopping. Meal kits appeal to busy individuals and families who want to eat healthy but do not have the time to prepare meals from scratch. Meal-kit companies also make it easier for people to explore new cuisines and cooking techniques.
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robin and kristine, both calendar year taxpayers, each own a 20% interest in partnership tnt, techron, whose fiscal year ends on june 30 of each year, owns a 60% interest in partnership tnt. partnership tnt has not established a business purpose for using a different tax year, nor has it made a fiscal year tax-year election. on what date will partnership tnt's taxable yar end.
Since partnership TNT has not established a business purpose for using a different tax year and has not made a fiscal year tax-year election, the partnership's taxable year will end on December 31st, which is the end of the calendar year.
This means that both Robin and Kristine, as calendar year taxpayers, will report their share of partnership income on their individual tax returns for the year ending on December 31st. It's important to note that the fact that Techron owns a 60% interest in partnership TNT does not affect the taxable year of the partnership.
The taxable year is determined solely by the partnership's actions and elections.
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On August 1, 2021. LYZ Co. paid $12.000 for 12 months of rent coverage. No adjustments have been made to the prepaid rent account, and now it's December 31, 2021. Required: Calculate the rent expenses till December 31, 2021. A $5,000 B) $2,000 $1,000 2 Points
On August 1, 2021, LYZ Co. paid $12,000 for 12 months of rent coverage. There are no adjustments made to the prepaid rent account, and now it's December 31, 2021.
The rent expense for the period ending December 31, 2021, should be recorded as $2,000. To calculate the rent expense, we need to take the prepaid rent amount into account. Prepaid rent is an asset account, and the amount is a prepayment for the rent, which has not yet been earned. The prepaid rent should be amortized over the rental period's life, and the amortized amount should be expensed each month. For the given problem, rent is prepaid for 12 months, and no adjustments were made to the prepaid account. Hence, the full amount of $12,000 will be recorded as an asset, and the total amount will be expensed during the 12-month rental period, which started on August 1, 2021, and will end on July 31, 2022.
Therefore, the rent expense will be calculated for 5 months from August 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, as follows: Rent expense = $12,000/12 * 5 months= $5,000 / 12 * 5= $2,083.33. Hence, the rent expenses till December 31, 2021 will be $2,000, which is the nearest answer to the calculated amount.
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14 4 points Chris Henry has a 30-year, 10/1 adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) with a $279.000 borrowed amount. There are 125 discount points on the loan as well as origination fees equaling $1.125. A prepayment penalty of 3% will be invoked if the loan is repaid within seven years. Chris has monthly payments over the years as follows: Years 1-10-$2,047.20 Year 11-$2.103.95 Year 12-$2.126.93 Year 13-$2,158.52 Year 14-$2.263.90 • Year 15-$2.289.59 • Years 16-30-$2.397.06 What is the APR of the loan for a 6-year holding period? 6.35% 6.73% 7.17% 7.54% 7.03% 0.29% 8.73% 9.36% 00
Chris Henry has a 30-year, 10/1 adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) with a borrowed amount of $279,000.
The loan has 125 discount points and origination fees of $1,125. A 3% prepayment penalty applies if the loan is repaid within seven years. To calculate the APR for a 6-year holding period, we need to consider the loan terms, fees, and monthly payments.
The information provided is not sufficient to directly calculate the APR for a 6-year holding period. The given monthly payments apply to different years and do not include the effect of discount points, origination fees, or prepayment penalties. To accurately determine the APR, we would need additional information such as the initial interest rate, annual percentage rate adjustment caps, and index values. Once that information is available, an effective APR for the 6-year holding period can be calculated using a financial calculator or software.
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2. Which of the following is CORRECT? a. Unearned revenues are considered increases to stockholders' equity. b. Unearned revenues will eventually become revenue earned. C. Current liabilities are thos
Unearned revenues will eventually become revenue earned is the correct statement.
Unearned revenues are not considered increases to stockholders' equity.
Unearned revenues are liabilities that arise when a company receives payment for goods or services before they are delivered or performed. They represent an obligation to provide the goods or services in the future and are recorded as a liability on the balance sheet.
Unearned revenues will eventually become revenue earned. Once the company fulfills its obligation by delivering the goods or performing the services, the unearned revenue is recognized as revenue earned. This conversion from liability to revenue occurs when the performance obligation is satisfied, and it is typically recorded as an increase in stockholders' equity. The given option C is incomplete and does not form a complete statement.
Therefore, the correct statement is b. Unearned revenues will eventually become revenue earned.
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what you learn from project management
subject
I want the answer now please
abbreviated in 2-4 lines
Project management is a subject that encompasses various skills and knowledge essential for effectively planning, executing, and completing projects. Some key takeaways from project management include:
Planning and organization: Project management teaches the importance of thorough planning, setting objectives, defining tasks, and creating a timeline. It emphasizes the need for organizing resources, managing budgets, and mitigating risks.
Communication and teamwork: Project management highlights the significance of effective communication, both within the project team and with stakeholders. It emphasizes collaboration, fostering teamwork, and resolving conflicts to ensure project success.
Time and resource management: Project management teaches techniques for optimizing time and resource allocation. It involves prioritizing tasks, managing deadlines, and utilizing resources efficiently to achieve project goals.
Risk assessment and mitigation: Project management emphasizes identifying potential risks, analyzing their impact, and developing strategies to minimize or eliminate them. It emphasizes the importance of contingency planning and adaptability to handle unexpected challenges.
Overall, project management equips individuals with skills necessary for successful project delivery, including planning, communication, time management, resource allocation, and risk mitigation.
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Problem 33-9 (IAA) Flair Company purchased another entity for P8,000,000 at year-end. The carrying amount of the acquiree's net assets on the date of purchase is P6,200,000. An analysis indicated that the fair value of the acquiree's tangible assets exceeded the carrying amount by P600,000, and the fair value of identifiable intangible assets exceeded carrying amount by P450,000. What amount of goodwill should be recognized by the acquirer? a. 1,800,000 b. 1,200,000 C. 750,000 d. 0
The amount of goodwill that should be recognized by the acquirer in this case is P1,200,000 (Option B). Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the acquiree's net assets.
In this scenario, the purchase price is P8,000,000, and the fair value of the acquiree's net assets is P6,200,000. The analysis reveals that the fair value of the acquiree's tangible assets exceeds the carrying amount by P600,000 and the fair value of identifiable intangible assets exceeds the carrying amount by P450,000. The total fair value adjustment is therefore P1,050,000 (P600,000 + P450,000). Since the carrying amount of the net assets is less than the purchase price, goodwill is recognized to account for the difference.
To calculate the goodwill, we subtract the fair value adjustment from the purchase price: P8,000,000 - P1,050,000 = P6,950,000. Therefore, the amount of goodwill recognized by the acquirer is P1,200,000 (P6,950,000 - P5,750,000). This represents the value attributed to intangible assets or other factors such as the acquiree's brand reputation, customer base, or synergies created by the acquisition.
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The government has decided to implement a new per-unit tax on a good which has no externalities associated with its production or consumption. Discuss the impact of this government intervention in the market and explain any differences in the market outcome depending on whether the tax is imposed on consumers or producers. Highlight the importance of the concept of "elasticity". [The use of at least one diagram is strongly encouraged.]
When a government implements a per-unit tax on a good with no externalities, it has an impact on the market equilibrium and the behavior of both consumers and producers. The specific impact and market outcome depend on whether the tax is imposed on consumers or producers.
If the tax is imposed on consumers, it is known as a consumer tax or an indirect tax. The tax increases the price that consumers have to pay for each unit of the good. As a result, the demand curve shifts downward by the amount of the tax, leading to a decrease in the quantity demanded.
the initial equilibrium is at point A, where the demand curve intersects with the supply curve (without the tax). When the consumer tax is imposed, the demand curve shifts downward by the amount of the tax. The new demand curve is represented by D2, and the new equilibrium is at point B. The price paid by consumers (P2) increases, while the price received by producers remains the same (P1). The quantity traded in the market decreases from Q1 to a lower quantity.
Now, if the tax is imposed on producers, it is known as a producer tax or a direct tax. The tax increases the cost of production for each unit of the good, causing the supply curve to shift upward by the amount of the tax. This results in a decrease in the quantity supplied.
the initial equilibrium is at point A, where the demand curve intersects with the supply curve (without the tax). When the producer tax is imposed, the supply curve shifts upward by the amount of the tax. The new supply curve is represented by S2, and the new equilibrium is at point B. The price received by producers (P1) decreases, while the price paid by consumers increases (P2). The quantity traded in the market decreases from Q1 to a lower quantity.
The concept of elasticity is important in understanding the market outcomes with taxes. Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in price. The more elastic the demand or supply, the greater the change in quantity for a given change in price.
If the demand or supply is relatively elastic, the burden of the tax is likely to be shared between consumers and producers. The price increase for consumers and the price decrease for producers will be relatively larger, and the decrease in quantity traded will also be significant.
If the demand or supply is relatively inelastic, the burden of the tax falls more heavily on the side of the market that is less elastic. In other words, consumers or producers who are less responsive to price changes bear a larger share of the tax burden.
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Heather Horn argued that Pope Francis sounded like Karl Polanyi because he believed that failing to keep humanity at the center of our economic activity was the root cause of the financial crisis. Do you think that all religions, no matter it is Catholic, Hindu, Islam, or Buddhism, should adopt Polanyi’s view to establish an economy to serve people, rather than the other way round.
While Pope Francis and Karl Polanyi share the belief that putting humanity at the center of economic activity is crucial, the adoption of Polanyi's view by all religions is a subjective matter.
It is worth noting that religious teachings encompass a wide range of values, principles, and perspectives on economic matters. While some religions may align with Polanyi's view of establishing an economy that serves people rather than the other way around, others may have different interpretations and priorities.While Pope Francis, as the leader of the Catholic Church, has advocated for an economy that prioritizes the needs of humanity, it does not necessarily imply that all religions should adopt Polanyi's specific viewpoint. Religions can contribute to the discourse on economic systems by offering moral guidance, promoting social responsibility, and advocating for fair and just economic practices.
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"Find an example where an International Risk is realized. Describe what happened, how the issue was resolved, and if it was foreseeable."
One example of an International Risk being realized is the 2008 global financial crisis.
The crisis began in the United States due to the housing market collapse and spread throughout the world due to interconnected financial markets. The crisis led to a worldwide economic recession and significant financial losses for individuals, businesses, and governments. The issue was resolved through a combination of government interventions, such as the bailout of banks and the implementation of economic stimulus packages, as well as market adjustments and restructuring. However, the effects of the crisis continue to be felt, particularly in countries that were hit the hardest.
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Brier Company, manufacturer of car seat covers, provided the following standard costs for it product.
Inputs standard quantity Standard Cost standard cost($) per Unit
Direct materials 7.1 pounds 5 per pound 35.50
Direct labour 0.8 hours 17 per hour 13.60
Variable overheads 0.8 hours 7 per hour 5.60
The company reported the following in 2022 May:
Original budgeted output 4 700 units Actual output 4 500 units Actual direct labour hours 3 610 hours Actual cost of direct labour $65 341 Purchases of raw materials 36 500 pounds Actual price paid for raw materials $186 150 Raw materials used 34 150 pounds Actual variable overhead cost $24 909 Variable overhead is applied on the basis of direct labour hours.
The Calculation for labour price variance=Actual direct labor hours * (Actual labor rate - Standard labor rate) = 3,610 hours * ($18 - $17) = $3,610. Calculation for actual cost per pound of raw materials=Actual price paid for raw materials / Actual quantity purchased = $186,150 / 34,150 lbs = $5.45
UCalculation for variable overhead rate variance=Actual direct labor hours * (Actual variable overhead rate - Standard variable overhead rate) = 3,610 hours * ($7.06 - $7) = $1,088 FCalculation for variable overhead efficiency variance=Standard variable overhead rate * (Actual direct labor hours - Standard direct labor hours) = $7 * (3,610 hours - 3,760 hours) = $203 UCalculation for direct material price variance=(Actual quantity purchased * Actual price per unit) - (Actual quantity purchased * Standard price per unit) = ($186,150 / 34,150 lbs * 34,150 lbs) - ($186,150 / 36,500 lbs * 34,150 lbs) = $1,350 FCalculation for direct material quantity variance=(Actual quantity used - Standard quantity allowed) * Standard cost per unit = (34,150 lbs - 31,820 lbs) * $5 = $1,337 UCalculation for direct labor rate variance=Actual direct labor hours * (Actual labor rate - Standard labor rate) = 3,610 hours * ($18 - $17) = $101 UCalculation for direct labor efficiency variance=Standard labor rate * (Actual direct labor hours - Standard direct labor hours) = $17 * (3,610 hours - 3,760 hours) = $350 UCalculation for total standard cost of direct materials=Standard cost per unit * Actual output = $35.50 * 4,500 units = $159,975Calculation for actual cost per pound of raw materials=Actual price paid for raw materials / Actual quantity purchased = $186,150 / 34,150 lbs = $5.45
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Question 2 (answer all parts of the question) Energy Ltd is a wholesaler and distributor of electrical components. The most recent draft financial statements of the business included the following: Income Statement for the year £m £m 14.2 Sales revenue Cost of Sales: I Opening inventories Purchases Cost of goods available for sale Less: Closing inventories Cost of goods sold (7.8) Gross profit 6.4 Administration expenses (3.0) (2.1) Distribution expenses Operating profit 1.3 Finance costs (0.8) Profit before taxation 0.5 Tax (0.2) Profit for the period 0.3 ASSETS Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Land and buildings Equipment Motor vehicles Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash at bank 3.2 8.4 11.6 3.8 7.8 Statement of Financial position as at the end of the year £m 3.8 0.9 0.5 5.2 3.8 mmon 8615 3.6 0.1 7.5 The business has produced the following estimates: 1. Sales revenue for June will be £8,000 and will increase at the rate of £3,000 a month until September. In October, sales revenue will rise to £22,000 and in subsequent months will be maintained at this figure. 2. The gross profit percentage on goods sold will be 25 per cent. 3. There is a risk that supplies of trading inventories will be interrupted towards the end of the accounting year. The business, therefore, intends to build up its initial level of inventories (£22,000) by purchasing £1,000 of inventories each month in addition to the monthly purchases necessary to satisfy monthly sales requirements. All purchases of inventories (including the initial inventories) will be on one month's credit. 4. Sales revenue will be divided equally between cash and credit sales. Credit customers are expected to pay two months after the sale is agreed. 5. Wages and salaries will be £900 a month. Other overheads will be £500 a month for the first four months and £650 thereafter. Both types of expense will be payable when incurred. 6. 80 per cent of sales revenue will be generated by salespeople who will receive 5 per cent commission on sales revenue. The commission is payable one month after the sale is agreed. 7. The business intends to purchase further equipment in November for £7,000 cash. 8. Depreciation will be provided at the rate of 5 per cent a year on property and 20 per cent a year on equipment. (Depreciation has not been included in the overheads mentioned in 5 above). Required: i) Prepare a cash budget for Garment Ltd for the six-month period to 30 November. (70 marks) ii) State why a cash budget is required for a business. (Maximum six valid points and 250 words. Each point will be awarded 5 marks) (30 marks) Total 100 marks
The cash budget is required to help a business plan for and manage its cash flows effectively.
i) The cash budget for Energy Ltd for the six-month period to 30 November is as follows: Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Cash receipts Cash sales 4,000 7,000 10,000 22,000 22,000 22,000 Credit sales (80% of monthly sales) 4,800 8,400 12,000 26,400 26,400 26,400 Total cash receipts 8,800 15,400 22,000 48,400 48,400 48,400 Cash payments Credit purchases (6,000) (6,000) (6,000) (6,000) (8,000) (6,000) Wages and salaries (900) (900) (900) (900) (900) (900) Other overheads (500) (500) (500) (500) (650) (650) Equipment purchase - - - - (7,000) - Commissions (400) (700) (1,000) (2,200) (2,200) (2,200) Increase in inventory (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) Interest (80) (80) (80) (80) (80) (80) Total cash payments (9,880) (9,880) (9,880) (10,680) (20,130) (9,830) Net cash flow (1,080) 5,520 12,120 37,720 28,270 38,570 Opening cash balance 3,800 2,720 8,240 20,360 58,080 86,350 Closing cash balance 2,720 8,240 20,360 58,080 86,350 125,920ii) The purpose of a cash budget is to ensure that the company has sufficient cash on hand to meet all of its financial obligations. A cash budget is an important tool for forecasting future cash flows and managing liquidity. The following are the key reasons why a business should have a cash budget:1. Helps in proper allocation of funds2. Helps in assessing the cash position3. Helps in making cash payments4. Helps in planning future cash flows5. Helps in managing liquidity6. Helps in forecasting future cash needs. Thus, the cash budget is required to help a business plan for and manage its cash flows effectively.
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Cash Budget for Energy Ltd for the Six-month period to 30 November. A cash budget is a financial statement that highlights the inflow and outflow of cash within an organization, and it aids in the efficient management of cash resources.
The Energy Ltd cash budget for the six-month period to 30 November is presented below:JunJulAugSepOctNov
Sales Revenue £8000 £11000 £14000 £19000 £22000 £22000
Add: cash received for credit sales £4000 £5500 £7000 £9500 £11000 £11000
Total revenue £12000 £16500 £21000 £28500 £33000 £33000
Less: Cash paid for inventory £9000 £10000 £11000 £12000 £13000 £13000
Cash paid for salaries £900 £900 £900 £900 £900 £900
Cash paid for overheads £500 £500 £500 £500 £650 £650
Cash paid for equipment £0 £0 £0 £0 £0 £7000
Total expenditure £10400 £11400 £12200 £13300 £14350 £21450
Net Cashflow £1600 £5100 £8800 £15200 £18650 £11550
Opening balance £3750 £5350 £10450 £19250 £34450 £530100
Cash Inflow £1600 £5100 £8800 £15200 £18650 £11550Total cash balance £5350 £10450 £19250 £34450 £53000 £64550
A cash budget is required for the business for the following reasons:
Planning: It aids in planning and implementing effective business strategies. By predicting the inflow and outflow of cash, it ensures that sufficient resources are available to meet the demands of the business.
Overdraft reduction: A cash budget may also assist a business in avoiding unnecessary overdrafts by ensuring that there is always sufficient cash available to meet the demands of the business.
Over-expenditure prevention: A cash budget aids in the detection of excessive expenditure and enables the business to plan its expenses in a more informed manner.
Credit control: By forecasting the collection of outstanding debts, the cash budget ensures that there is sufficient cash flow to meet business obligations.
Tax compliance: A cash budget is an essential tool for businesses to monitor their tax liabilities. It assists the business in ensuring that it has enough cash on hand to meet its tax obligations.
Predictions: A cash budget is an essential tool for businesses to use in predicting future cash flows. It aids in predicting the amount of cash required to fund future business operations and invest in future growth opportunities.
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Straight rebuy decisions occur when:
A. ordering is manual.
B. the products being purchased are unconventional.
C. the sources of purchase are different.
D. needs have been predetermined.
E.there is
Straight rebuy decisions occur when correct option is d. needs have been predetermined. A straight rebuy is a common purchasing pattern that occurs when buyers re-order an existing product with the same specifications and the same supplier.
Straight rebuy decisions occur when needs have already been predetermined and the purchasing process is routine. This means that the buyer is likely to reorder the same products from the same suppliers without considering alternative options. Straight rebuys are common in businesses where purchasing decisions are made frequently and quickly, such as in the procurement of office supplies or raw materials for production.
This often leads to a routine and efficient purchasing process, as the buyer is familiar with the supplier and the product specifications. Since the requirements are already known, there is no need to evaluate alternative sources or products, making the straight rebuy decision a straightforward and time-saving choice.
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Home office bills its branches for merchandise shipments at 25% above cost of. The following are some of the account balances appearing on the books of home office and its branch as of December 31
Home Office Books Branch Books
Inventory, Jan. 1 22,500 36,000
Shipments from home office 210,000
Purchases 675,000 225,000
Shipments to branch 180,000
Allowance for overvaluation of branch inventory 49,500
Sales 900,000 540,000
Operating expenses 217,500 82,500
The ending inventory of the branch of 54,000 includes goods from outside purchases of 12,000; the ending inventory of the home office is 112,500.
Required:
I. The amount of shipments in transit at cost
II. The overstatement of branch cost of sales
III. The combined net income for the year
I. The amount of shipments in transit at costIn order to determine the amount of shipments in transit at cost, we first need to compute the branch cost of merchandise sold. We can do this by adding the beginning inventory to the cost of shipments to the branch and then subtracting the ending inventory of the branch. The calculation is shown below:Beginning inventory $36,000Cost of shipments from home office 210,000Purchases 225,000Cost of merchandise available for sale 471,000Less: Ending inventory (54,000 - 12,000) 42,000Branch cost of merchandise sold $429,000Now, to determine the cost of shipments in transit, we need to subtract the branch cost of merchandise sold from the total shipments from home office:Shipments from home office $210,000Less: Branch cost of merchandise sold 429,000Cost of shipments in transit (219,000)II. The overstatement of branch cost of salesTo determine the overstatement of branch cost of sales, we need to calculate the correct cost of merchandise sold by the branch. The cost of merchandise sold by the branch is the beginning inventory plus the cost of shipments from the home office plus the purchases minus the ending inventory. The calculation is shown below:Beginning inventory $36,000Cost of shipments from home office 210,000Purchases 225,000Cost of merchandise available for sale 471,000Less: Ending inventory (54,000 - 12,000) 42,000Correct cost of merchandise sold by the branch $429,000The overstatement of branch cost of sales is the difference between the correct cost of merchandise sold and the reported cost of merchandise sold. The reported cost of merchandise sold is $540,000, as given in the question. Thus, the overstatement is:Reported cost of merchandise sold $540,000Less: Correct cost of merchandise sold 429,000Overstatement of branch cost of sales $111,000III. The combined net income for the yearThe combined net income for the year is the sum of the net incomes of the home office and the branch. To calculate these, we first need to compute the cost of sales and gross profit for each entity. The calculations are shown below:Home OfficeBranchSales $900,000 $540,000Cost of merchandise sold (inventory, Jan. 1 + purchases + shipments - inventory, Dec. 31) 510,000 429,000Gross profit $390,000 $111,000Now, we can calculate the net income for each entity by subtracting operating expenses from gross profit:Home OfficeBranchGross profit $390,000 $111,000Less: Operating expenses 217,500 82,500Net income $172,500 $28,500Finally, we can calculate the combined net income for the year by summing the net incomes of the home office and the branch:$172,500 + $28,500 = $201,000Therefore, the combined net income for the year is $201,000.
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Joe Dirt, a production manager for Lipton corporation, has an opportunity to produce and sell one of two new products for a five-year period. His annual pay raises are determined by his division’s return on investment (ROI), which has exceeded 18% each of the last three years. He has computed the cost and revenue estimates for each product as follows:
Joe Dirt should carefully evaluate both products and choose the one that has the potential to yield a higher ROI.
Since his annual pay raises are based on the division's ROI, it is critical to select the product that is most likely to deliver the highest return. Additionally, Joe should consider other factors such as the cost and feasibility of producing each product, the target market, and the competitive landscape. Based on the given information, Joe should consider selecting the product with higher estimated revenue and lower estimated cost to maximize ROI.
Joe should also keep in mind that the product's success depends on various factors such as the economy, consumer behavior, and market trends. Therefore, Joe should regularly monitor the product's performance and make necessary adjustments to ensure maximum ROI.
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Explain what the IS curve represents. Understand the
relationship between the production model and
the demand for investment. For example, why does investment demand
depend on output and on the real?
The IS curve represents the relationship between the aggregate level of output in an economy and the equilibrium interest rate that balances the goods market.
How does investment demand depend on output and the real interest rate?
the IS curve and its implications for investment demand. The IS curve is derived from the Keynesian cross model, which examines the equilibrium in the goods market. It shows the combinations of output and interest rates at which planned spending equals total output or income. Investment, one component of planned spending, is influenced by both output and the real interest rate.
Investment demand depends on output because as output increases, firms expect higher sales and profits, leading to greater investment opportunities. When output is high, firms are more likely to invest in new capital projects, expand production, and hire additional workers.Additionally, investment demand depends on the real interest rate. Lower interest rates reduce the cost of borrowing and make investment projects more attractive. When the real interest rate is low, businesses are more inclined to borrow and invest in productive assets, such as machinery and equipment. Conversely, higher interest rates increase the cost of borrowing, which can deter investment and lead to a decrease in investment demand.
Understanding the relationship between output and investment demand is crucial for policymakers and economists as it helps in analyzing the factors influencing economic growth and the effectiveness of monetary policy measures. By managing interest rates and supporting an environment conducive to investment, policymakers can stimulate economic activity and promote sustainable growth.
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The price of a non-dividend paying stock is now 96 EUR. The price of a one-year European put option on the stock with a strike price of 100 EUR is 5 EUR. The risk-free rate is 5% per annum. (a) What is the price of a one-year European call option with a strike price of 100 EUR? (b) What is the maximum loss and the maximum win that the seller of this European put option can have at maturity?
(a) To determine the price of a one-year European call option with a strike price of 100 EUR, we can use the put-call parity relationship. According to put-call parity.
the price of a call option is equal to the price of a put option plus the present value of the strike price minus the current stock price. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
Call Price = Put Price + (Strike Price * e^(-r * T)) - Current Stock Price
In this case, the price of the put option is 5 EUR, the strike price is 100 EUR, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the time to maturity is 1 year. The current stock price is 96 EUR. Plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the price of the call option.
(b) The maximum loss for the seller of the European put option occurs when the option buyer exercises the put option, and the stock price is below the strike price. In this case, the seller is obligated to buy the stock at the strike price, but the market value of the stock is lower. The maximum loss would be the difference between the strike price and zero.
On the other hand, the maximum win for the seller of the European put option is the premium received from selling the option, which in this case is 5 EUR. If the option expires worthless or if the stock price remains above the strike price, the seller gets to keep the premium without any further obligations.
Therefore, the maximum loss for the seller is 100 EUR (strike price) and the maximum win is 5 EUR (premium received).
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On January 1, 2020, Innovus, Inc., acquired 100 percent of the common stock of Chip Tech Company for $670.000 in cash and other fair value consideration, Chip Tech's fair value was allocated among its net assets as follows: $670,000 $130.000 370,000 Fair value of consideration transferred for ChipTech Book value of ChipTech Common stock and Additional Paid In Capital (APIC) Retained earnings Excess fair value over book value to Trademark (10 year remaining) Existing technology (5-year remaining life) Goodwill 500,000 170.000 $ 40,000 80.000 120.000 $ 50.000 The December 31, 2021. trial balances for the parent and subsidiary follow there were no intra cntity payables on that date Revenues Cost of goods sold Depreciation expense Amortization expense Dividend income Net income ChipTech $1210,000) 90.000 5.000 18.000 $97.000 Innovus $ 1990,000) 500,000 100,000 55,000 (40,000 $ (375.000 $11.555.000) (375.000) 250.000 $11.680.000 $ 960.000 670.000 765,000 235.000 0 450.000 $3.080.000 Retained earnings 1/1/21 Net income Dividends declared. Retained earnings 12/31/21 Current assets Investment in ChipTech Equipment (net) Trademark Existing technology Goodwill Total assets Liabilities Common stock Additional pold-in capital Retained earnings 12/31/21 Total liabilities and equity $(450,000 197.000 40.000 S/507.000 $ 355.000 225,000 100.000 45.000 $ 780,000 (500.000) (120.000 (1.680,000) $3080000) $ 725.000 (88.000 (100,000 130.000 1507.000 $225.000 Required 4. Using Excel, compute consolidated balances for Innovus and Chip Tech Ether use a worksheet approach or compute the balances directly b. Prepare a second spreadsheet that shows a 2021 impairment loss for the entire amount of goodwill from the Chip Tech acquisition
The consolidated balances for Innovus and ChipTech are as follows: Revenues Cost of goods sold Depreciation expense Amortization expense Dividend income Net income Consolidated $3,200,000 $590,000 $105,000 $73,000 $(40,000) $1,455,000 The consolidated trial balance of Innovus and ChipTech is shown below:
Current assets Investment in ChipTech Equipment (net) Trademark Existing technology Goodwill Total assets Liabilities Common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity Consolidated $1,085,000 $670,000 $865,000 $355,000 $500,000 $3,475,000 $780,000 $225,000 $1,072,000 $3,475,000
The fair value consideration transferred for ChipTech was $670,000. According to the information given in the question, this consideration was allocated among ChipTech's net assets in the following manner:Book value of ChipTech: $500,000Excess fair value over book value to trademark (10-year remaining): $80,000Existing technology (5-year remaining life): $120,000Goodwill: $50,000The impairment loss for the entire amount of goodwill from the ChipTech acquisition in 2021 would be $50,000. Since the goodwill has not been amortized or used, its carrying value is equal to its book value of $50,000. The carrying amount of goodwill is compared to its fair value to determine if there is any impairment loss. Since the goodwill is considered to have an indefinite useful life, it is not amortized. Therefore, the only time that a goodwill impairment loss would be recorded is if the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its fair value.
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Define and provide a workplace example of the following:
Social facilitation
Group polarisation
Groupthink
What are the three different types of team tasks? Explain the
difference between each.
Social facilitation: Social facilitation can be defined as the effect of the presence of others on performance. Social facilitation usually results in an individual performing better or worse in the presence of others, depending on the task complexity.
A simple example of social facilitation is an employee who tends to work more effectively when working in a group.Group polarisation: Group polarisation is the phenomenon whereby group discussion strengthens the group's pre-existing views and attitudes.
The term refers to the strengthening of a group's dominant point of view and the tendency of the group to take more extreme decisions and risks. An example of group polarisation can be seen in the political arena. In political campaigns, people who share similar views on a particular topic are more likely to come together, and this is likely to lead to more extreme decisions.
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If a country has a trade surplus of $40 billion, which of the following can be true? a. The country's exports are $110 billion, and its imports are $150 billion b. The country's exports are $120 billion, and its imports are $140 billion c. The country's exports are $160 billion, and its imports are $120 billion d. The country's exports are $140 billion, and its imports are $40 billion
Based on this information, it can be deduced that if a country has a trade surplus of $40 billion, the country's exports are greater than its imports. The correct option that shows this scenario is option d.
If a country has a trade surplus of $40 billion, the country's exports should be greater than its imports, which indicates that the country is earning more from selling goods and services than it is spending on imports. A trade surplus is calculated as exports minus imports, and a positive trade balance suggests that a country is generating a surplus that can be used to pay off its debt, invest in its economy, or lend to other nations.Based on this information, it can be deduced that if a country has a trade surplus of $40 billion, the country's exports are greater than its imports. The correct option that shows this scenario is option d.
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please help solve requirements 1-2 and i will give a thumbs up
The Polaris Company uses a job-order costing system. The following transactions occurred in October: a. Raw materials purchased on account, $209,000. b. Raw materials used in production, $189,000 ($15
In October, The Polaris Company, which utilizes a job-order costing system, had two significant transactions related to raw materials. Firstly, they purchased raw materials on account for a total of $209,000. Secondly, they used $189,000 worth of raw materials in production.
These transactions have implications for the cost of goods sold and inventory valuation, as well as the overall financial records of the company. The purchase of raw materials on account for $209,000 is a significant transaction for The Polaris Company. This transaction increases the raw materials inventory and creates an accounts payable liability. The raw materials are considered an asset on the balance sheet until they are used in production. The second transaction involves the usage of $189,000 worth of raw materials in production. This usage directly impacts the cost of goods sold (COGS) and the inventory valuation. The raw materials used are transferred from the raw materials inventory to the work-in-progress (WIP) inventory as they are incorporated into the production process. To calculate the COGS, the cost of the raw materials used in production is transferred from the WIP inventory to the finished goods inventory. From the finished goods inventory, the cost is then transferred to the COGS when the goods are sold. These transactions also have implications for the financial records of The Polaris Company. The purchase of raw materials increases the accounts payable, which represents the amount owed to suppliers. The usage of raw materials affects the inventory valuation and ultimately impacts the company's financial statements, such as the balance sheet and income statement. Overall, these transactions involving the purchase and usage of raw materials in October have a direct impact on the cost of goods sold, inventory valuation, and financial records of The Polaris Company.
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Why did employers prefer managed care organizations? How have MCO's changed over the years?
Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) are preferred by employers due to their provision of effective healthcare services to their employees.
Additionally, managed care organizations offer a low-cost alternative to traditional health care, allowing employers to provide their employees with comprehensive coverage while saving money.The following are some of the reasons why employers prefer MCOs:Cost-effectiveness: MCOs provide comprehensive coverage at a lower cost than traditional health insurance plans. Employers save money by choosing MCOs, and this cost savings can be passed on to employees in the form of lower premiums and/or deductibles.
MCOs have evolved considerably over the years, particularly in terms of their structure and service delivery. MCOs now provide more comprehensive services and incorporate more diverse provider networks. They offer a wide range of services, including mental health and substance abuse treatment, preventive care, and alternative therapies. MCOs are now more flexible in terms of offering different benefit packages to meet the needs of employers and employees.
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Practice Problem Suppose we are given the following information on stocks A and B: E(r) σ Stock A 15% 20% Stock B 10% 30% Let's examine some portfolios that combine stocks A and B: Assume that PAB= 0, what would be the expected return and standard deviation on a portfolio with 80% in stock A and 20% in stock B? E(r) = Op Question: Is a larger or smaller than A and B? Answer: Assume that PAB = -1, what would be the standard deviation on a portfolio with 80% in stock A and 20% in stock B? Tp Question: Is op larger or smaller than A and B?
For a portfolio with 80% in stock A and 20% in stock B, assuming PAB = 0, the expected return (E(r)) would be 14% and the standard deviation (σ) would be approximately 17.1%.
This portfolio combines the returns and risks of both stocks in proportion to their weights.
The expected return of the portfolio (E(r)) is calculated by multiplying the weight of each stock by its respective expected return and summing them up. In this case, it would be 0.8 * 15% + 0.2 * 10% = 14%.
The standard deviation of the portfolio (σ) takes into account the weights, standard deviations, and the correlation between the two stocks. With PAB = 0, the correlation does not have an impact, and the standard deviation is calculated using the weighted sum of the variances. It would be approximately √[0.8^2 * 20%^2 + 0.2^2 * 30%^2 + 2 * 0.8 * 0.2 * 20% * 30% * 0] ≈ 0.171.
Regarding the second question, if PAB = -1, indicating perfect negative correlation between stocks A and B, the standard deviation (σ) of the portfolio would be smaller than the individual standard deviations of stocks A and B. Negative correlation allows the two stocks to offset each other's risk, resulting in a reduced overall portfolio risk.
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Malatak Manufacturing purchased a warehouse for $1,562,500, paid 20 percent down in cash, and financed the balance for 13 years at 9.5 percent, compounded monthly. What is the amount of each monthly mortgage payment? Multiple Choice $101,566.39 $118,750.08 $171,440.07 $14,286.67 $13,982.15
To calculate the amount of each monthly mortgage payment, we can use the formula for the monthly payment of an amortizing loan:
M = P * r * (1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
Where:
M = Monthly payment
P = Principal amount (loan amount)
r = Monthly interest rate
n = Total number of payments (number of years multiplied by 12)
In this case, the principal amount (P) is 80% of the purchase price, which is 80% of $1,562,500:
P = 0.8 * $1,562,500 = $1,250,000
The monthly interest rate (r) is the annual interest rate divided by 12 and expressed as a decimal:
r = 9.5% / 12 / 100 = 0.00791667
The total number of payments (n) is 13 years multiplied by 12:
n = 13 * 12 = 156
Now we can plug in the values to calculate the monthly mortgage payment (M):
M = $1,250,000 * 0.00791667 * (1 + 0.00791667)^156 / ((1 + 0.00791667)^156 - 1)
By evaluating the expression, the amount of each monthly mortgage payment is approximately $13,982.15.
Therefore, the correct answer is $13,982.15.
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After reading the Fullerton and Stavins article, use your own
words to explain how economists view the role of markets when
trying to protect the environment. (Suggested length: 2
paragraphs)
Economists view the role of markets as effective in protecting the environment by providing economic incentives. They see market-based instruments such as taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits as effective tools.
Economists have long argued that the role of markets is crucial in protecting the environment. The market-based instruments are believed to provide economic incentives that help reduce the cost of pollution control. One way in which markets can protect the environment is through the imposition of taxes and subsidies. The taxes increase the price of polluting goods and services, providing an economic incentive for firms to reduce pollution to avoid the additional cost. Subsidies reduce the cost of environmentally friendly activities, making it more likely that firms and individuals will undertake such activities.
Another market-based instrument is tradable permits. These permits allow firms to buy and sell pollution allowances, which allow them to meet their pollution control requirements in the most cost-effective manner. Tradable permits work by providing an incentive to reduce pollution for those firms that can do so most cheaply. Those firms that have high pollution control costs may choose to buy permits instead of implementing expensive pollution control measures, making pollution control less expensive overall. In conclusion, economists see market-based instruments such as taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits as effective tools for protecting the environment by providing economic incentives.
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which of the following is not a flow variable? investment saving output the money supply all of these
A flow variable is a variable that is measured over a period of time. Investment, saving, output, and the money supply are all flow variables. Therefore, the answer to the question, “which of the following is not a flow variable?” is none of the above.
All the options given in the question are flow variables. Here is an explanation of each of the flow variables mentioned in the question: Investment: Investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed immediately but are used for future production. It is a flow variable because it is measured over a period of time.Saving: Saving is the amount of income that is not spent. It is a flow variable because it is measured over a period of time.Output: Output is the amount of goods and services that are produced by an economy. It is a flow variable because it is measured over a period of time.The money supply: The money supply is the total amount of money in an economy. It is a flow variable because it is measured over a period of time.In conclusion, investment, saving, output, and the money supply are all flow variables. None of the options given in the question is not a flow variable.
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