The technological advancement in solar cells technology has led to a decrease in their prices. The decline in prices of solar cells will have an impact on the market for home solar panels.
Solar panels for homes are installed by homeowners to produce electricity for their consumption. Lower solar cells prices mean that it will be less expensive to produce solar panels for homes. As such, the cost of manufacturing and installing solar panels will decrease, leading to a decrease in the overall price of solar panels.
The decrease in the cost of producing solar panels will lead to an increase in the supply of solar panels. As the cost of production decreases, manufacturers will be able to offer solar panels to homeowners at lower prices. This will stimulate the demand for solar panels, leading to an increase in demand.
Thus, the likely impact of the decrease in solar cells price on the market for home solar panels is that supply will increase, demand will increase, and the price of solar panels will decrease, and the quantity will increase.
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ben's investment account was valued at $15,000 but then lost 15% of its value. what percent increase is needed for the investment account to return to its previous value?
15% increase is needed for Ben's investment account to return to its previous value.
How much percent increase is required for Ben's investment?To find the percent increase needed, we will calculate the percentage of the original value that was lost and then determine the percentage increase required to make up for it.
The amount lost from the original value is 15% of $15,000, which is:
= 0.15 * $15,000
= $2,250.
To return to the original value, the investment account needs to increase by $2,250. To get percentage increase needed, we divide the increase by the original value and multiply by 100:
Percentage increase = ($2,250 / $15,000) * 100 = 15%.
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In general, timely filing a proof of claim will preserve the creditor's right to receive payments from the debtor's bankruptcy estate.
O True
O False
True. Timely filing a proof of claim is crucial to preserve a creditor's right to receive payments from a debtor's bankruptcy estate.
When a debtor files for bankruptcy, creditors are notified and given a specific deadline to submit their claims. Filing a proof of claim is the formal process of asserting the amount owed by the debtor to the creditor. By filing within the designated timeframe, the creditor establishes their claim and becomes eligible to receive payments from the bankruptcy estate.
In bankruptcy proceedings, the debtor's assets are consolidated into an estate, which is used to pay off creditors to the extent possible. Creditors must assert their claims by filing a proof of claim form, stating the amount owed and supporting documentation. Filing within the deadline is essential because it allows the creditor to participate in the distribution of the bankruptcy estate's assets. If a creditor fails to file a claim on time, their right to receive payments may be forfeited, and they may lose their opportunity to recover their debt from the estate. Therefore, timely filing of a proof of claim is critical for preserving a creditor's rights in a bankruptcy case.
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the conceptual anchor that suggests that ob should be studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques is the _____ anchor.
The conceptual anchor that suggests that OB should be studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques is the Scientific anchor.
OB (Organizational Behavior) is a field of study that investigates how people, organizations, and structures interact.
It involves the study of human behavior in organizations and the factors that affect this behavior.
How is OB studied?
OB is studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques.
These techniques include systematic observation, controlled experiments, and quantitative analysis.
What is the Scientific anchor?
The Scientific anchor is a conceptual anchor that suggests that OB should be studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques.
It is grounded in the belief that OB can be studied using the same scientific methods used in other disciplines,
such as physics, chemistry, and biology.
As such, it emphasizes the importance of empirical research,
data analysis, and the use of scientific theories and models to understand and explain organizational behavior.
The Scientific anchor also promotes the use of quantitative methods to measure and analyze the behavior of individuals and groups within organizations.
This involves the use of statistical analysis,
hypothesis testing,
and other mathematical techniques to study the relationships between variables and to develop predictive models that can be used to guide decision-making in organizations.
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RISK MANAGEMENT
Describe the relationship between risk probability, risk impact
and risk exposure
Risk management is a structured approach that entails recognizing, analyzing, and responding to uncertainties that pose a risk to the organization's overall goals and objectives. In this regard, the concepts of risk probability, risk impact, and risk exposure are key elements of effective risk management.
Risk probability, risk impact, and risk exposure are interrelated concepts that can be used to assess the potential impact of a risk event. Risk probability refers to the likelihood or chance that a particular risk event will occur. Risk impact refers to the consequences or severity of the risk event, including financial losses, reputational damage, or safety incidents. Risk exposure, on the other hand, is a combination of risk probability and risk impact and reflects the overall risk facing the organization or a particular project.
Despite being interrelated, risk probability, risk impact, and risk exposure are distinct concepts that are assessed independently in most risk management processes. By quantifying and analyzing these risk factors, organizations can make informed decisions on the best course of action to mitigate or manage the identified risk.
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Suppose that the distribution of the 1-year loss is as follows.
Loss ($ million) Probability
−1 0.4
0 0.2
1 0.2
2 0.1
4 0.1
(a) Find the 1-year 70% VaR.
(b) Find the 1-year 70% ES.
(c) Find the 1-year 80% VaR.
(d) Find the 1-year 80% ES.
Suppose that the distribution of the 1-year loss is given as:L($ million) Probability 0.1a) 1-year 70% is defined as the maximum possible loss for a given level of confidence and period of time.
The 70% VaR, therefore, implies that the confidence level is 1-70% = 30%, and the period of time is 1 year.To calculate the 70% VaR, we need to find the maximum loss of the 30% probability:1. Sort the loss and probability values in descending order:Loss ($ million) Probability
Cumulate the probability values:Loss ($ million) Probability Cumulative Probability 1.03. Identify the maximum cumulative probability that is less than or equal to 0.3. From the table above, the maximum cumulative probability is 0.2.4.
The corresponding loss is the 70% VaR: 2 $ million.b) 1-year 70% ES:ES is defined as the average loss of the worst 30% of scenarios.
In order to find the ES, we must first calculate the loss corresponding to the 30th percentile. From the cumulative probability column of the table above, the loss corresponding to the 30th percentile is $0 million.To calculate the ES, we need to average the losses exceeding $0 million.
These are losses for which the probability is 0.4, 0.1, and 0.1.Loss Probability Cumulative Probability -1 0.4 0.4 0 0.1 0.5 1 0.1 0.6 2 0.1 0.7 4 0.1 0.8 The average of these losses is: (-1*0.4+0*0.1+1*0.1+2*0.1+4*0.1)/0.3 = 1.13 $ millionThus, the 1-year 70% ES is 1.13 $ million.c) 1-year 80% VaR:To calculate the 80% VaR, we need to find the maximum loss of the 20% probability.
Using the same steps from part (a), the 80% VaR is the maximum cumulative probability that is less than or equal to 0.2.Loss Probability Cumulative Probability -1 0.4 0.4 0 0.2 0.6 1 0.2 0.8 2 0.1 0.9 4 0.1 1.0The maximum cumulative probability that is less than or equal to 0.2 is 0.6.
Therefore, the corresponding loss is 0 $ million.d) 1-year 80% ES:To calculate the 80% ES, we need to find the average loss of the worst 20% of scenarios. The loss corresponding to the 20th percentile is $0 million. The losses exceeding $0 million correspond to probabilities of 0.2, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.1.Loss Probability Cumulative Probability -1 0.4 0.4 0 0.2 0.6 1 0.2 0.8 2 0.1 0.9 4 0.1 1.0 The average of these losses is: (-1*0.4+1*0.2+2*0.1+4*0.1)/0.2 = 0.6 $ millionThus, the 1-year 80% ES is 0.6 $ million.
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doc. brown inc. has a monopoly on flux capacitors. assume that doc. brown inc. is maximizing its profits at its current level of output while facing positive marginal costs. we may conclude that the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand for its flux capacitors is:
The absolute value of the price elasticity of demand for Doc. Brown Inc.'s Flux Capacitors is greater than 1.
Is the price elasticity of demand for Doc. Brown Inc.'s Flux Capacitors greater than 1?When a monopoly like Doc. Brown Inc. maximizes its profits at the current level of output, it implies that the firm has some degree of market power, allowing it to set prices higher than its marginal costs.
In this scenario, if the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand for Flux Capacitors is greater than 1, it indicates that the demand for these products is relatively elastic. This means that a change in price will lead to a relatively larger change in quantity demanded.
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Saffi is performing risk-planning for his project and has identified several problems along with the causes of those problems. Which of the following should he use to show each problem and its causes and effects? a) Root cause analysis b) Benchmarking c) Decision tree diagram
Saffi is performing risk planning for his project and has identified several problems along with the causes of those problems. Root cause analysis should he use to show each problem and its causes and effects. Root cause analysis is a systematic process used to identify underlying causes of the problems in an organization.
It is used to investigate the primary cause of problems and uncover the root cause of that problem. In order to get to the root cause of a problem, one must explore and analyze the contributing factors that lead to the problem. Root cause analysis is used in project management to identify the root cause of a problem and find ways to prevent it from occurring in the future.
In project management, risk planning is an essential part of the project management process. It is used to identify potential risks that could negatively impact the project and develop strategies to prevent or mitigate them. Root cause analysis is one of the methods used in risk planning to identify the underlying causes of a problem and find ways to prevent it from happening again.
In conclusion, Root cause analysis is the best method to show each problem and its causes and effects. It will help Saffi to identify the root cause of each problem and find ways to prevent it from happening again.
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Prepaid (deferred) expenses adjustments LO P1 For each separate case below, follow the three-step process for adjusting the prepaid asset account at December 31. Step 1: Determine what the current account balance equals. Step 2: Determine what the current account balance should equal. Step 3: Record the December 31 adjusting entry to get from step 1 to step 2 . Assume no other adjusting entries are made during the year. c. Prepaid Rent. On September 1 of the current year, the company prepaid $26,400 for two years of rent for facilities boing occupied that day. The company doblted Prepaid Rent and credited Cash for $26,400. Step 3: Record the December 31 adjusting entry to get from step 1 to step 2 .
Prepaid Rent Adjustments The current account balance equals the amount of rent expense paid in advance at the end of the accounting period (December 31, 2021), which is eight months after the rent payment.
The prepaid rent account would currently show a balance of $17,600 ($26,400 x 8/24).
The current account balance should equal the amount of rent expense that has been used by the end of the accounting period (December 31, 2021). We know that the company paid for two years of rent on September 1, 2021.
the total rent expense is $26,400 x 2 years = $52,800. Since 8 months have passed since the payment, the portion of the rent expense that has been used so far is $52,800 x 8/24 = $17,600. Thus, the prepaid rent account balance should also be $17,600.
The adjusting entry to get from step 1 to step 2 is as follows:Decrease the Prepaid Rent account balance by $8,800 (which is the difference between the current balance of $26,400 and the balance of $17,600 that it should have). Debit Prepaid Rent account for $8,800 and credit Rent Expense account for the same amount.
Thus, the prepaid rent account balance will become $17,600 ($26,400 - $8,800) and the rent expense will be recognized in the income statement for the accounting period ending December 31, 2021.Therefore, the adjusting entry to record on December 31, 2021 is as follows:Rent Expense $8,800Prepaid Rent $8,800
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Study the screenshot above. The tabs PivotTable Analyze and Design, are not ordinarily visible. What do you need to do in order to access these tabs and the functions they contain?
a. To display them tick the Pivot Table Tools tick box in the Tables group
b. To display them click anywhere within a Pivot Table
c. To display them hover your mouse above the normal tabs on the ribbon
d. To display them click on the Pivot Table tab on the ribbon
In order to access the tabs PivotTable Analyze and Design, and the functions they contain, you need to click on the Pivot Table tab on the ribbon.
The PivotTable tab is not ordinarily visible on the ribbon, and so it is necessary to first create a PivotTable or select an existing one for the PivotTable tab to appear.
Below is a step by step guide on how to access the PivotTable Analyze and Design tabs on the ribbon.
Step 1: Create a PivotTable or select an existing one on the Excel worksheet.
Step 2: Click on any cell within the PivotTable.
Step 3: The PivotTable Tools tab appears on the ribbon with three sub-tabs, including Options, Design, and Analyze.
Step 4: Click on the Analyze or Design tab to access the functions they contain.
Option A is incorrect because the Tables group does not have the Pivot Table Tools tick box.
Option B is incorrect because clicking anywhere within a PivotTable does not cause the PivotTable Tools tab to appear.
Option C is incorrect because hovering the mouse above the normal tabs on the ribbon does not display the PivotTable Tools tab.
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Name three different companies and explain which of Porter's
three competitive strategies they have adopted and why it is
successful or not.
Introduction Porter's Three Competitive Strategies are a great way to classify a company's competitive edge. They are called cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Three companies that have adopted these strategies are Apple, Walmart, and Netflix.
Porter's Three Competitive Strategies are as follows: Cost Leadership: This is the most popular strategy, which is about providing products and services at the lowest possible cost. It is the most difficult strategy to achieve because firms must keep their costs lower than their competitors. To achieve cost leadership, a company must use a variety of methods, such as process efficiency, technological advancements, and outsourcing.
Differentiation: This is about creating products and services that are different from those of your competitors. Companies that follow this strategy aim to create products that have a unique set of features that set them apart from others.
Focus: Focus is about targeting a niche market. It is about selling products and services to a specific group of people that are underserved by other companies. Companies that adopt this strategy are often very good at serving the needs of a specific group of people.
Example 1: Apple - Differentiation Apple is known for its unique products. Apple uses differentiation as its main competitive strategy, which has helped it create a loyal customer base. Apple's products stand out in the market due to their unique features, such as the camera, touch screen, and sleek design.
Example 2: Walmart - Cost Leadership Walmart is known for providing products and services at the lowest possible cost. Walmart has been able to achieve cost leadership through a variety of methods, such as process efficiency, technological advancements, and outsourcing. Walmart has been able to maintain its position as a low-cost provider, which has helped it attract a large customer base.
Example 3: Netflix - Focus Netflix is known for its streaming service. Netflix has been able to achieve success by focusing on a niche market. Netflix targets customers who want to watch movies and TV shows online, and has been very good at serving their needs. Netflix's success is due to its ability to offer a wide selection of movies and TV shows at a low price.
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BLJ say that cash differs from open-loop and closed-loop payments systems in which of the following ways? (p. 118; Kindle, 2014) (Ch. 6. Introductory paragraph) 1. It can be used anonymously. 2. Neither the payer nor the payee needs an account with a provider. 3 . It is not subject to a set of rules written by a third party. A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1,2 , and 3 2. Some economists say that of the cash produced in the U.S. is held overseas (BLJ, p. 117; Kindle, 2020) (Ch. 6, Cash Volumes) A. a small fraction B. less than half C. as much as three-fifths D. over four-fifths 3. According to BLJ, the only way cash can get into the economy is through (BLJ, p, 118; Kindle, 2026) (Ch. 6, Cash Production and Supply) A. the Treasury using cash to make payments to the public B. banks and other depository institutions ordering eash from the Fed C. the public going to the Federal Reserve to request currency D. banks and other depository institutions ordering cash from the Treasury
BLJ say that cash differs from open-loop and closed-loop payments systems in which of the following ways According to BLJ, cash differs from open-loop and closed-loop payments systems in the following ways:It can be used anonymously.
Neither the payer nor the payee needs an account with a provider.It is not subject to a set of rules written by a third party.Thus, the correct answer is A. 1 and 2. More than 100 words:Cash is a physical payment medium that can be used to settle transactions, and it is issued by the government. It is one of the most important and long-lasting financial instruments, and it has certain qualities that distinguish it from other types of payments systems.Cash differs from open-loop and closed-loop payments systems in the following ways
:1. Cash can be used anonymously.Cash is a tool for anonymous transactions, as it does not have any unique identifying features. As a result, it is frequently used for illegal transactions because it is difficult to track. It's also utilized by people who value privacy and wish to avoid being tracked by financial institutions.
2. Neither the payer nor the payee needs an account with a provider.One of the most appealing aspects of cash is that neither the payer nor the payee requires an account with a financial institution. This reduces the need for banks or other financial intermediaries to become involved in transactions. Furthermore, it makes it possible for individuals who do not have access to banking services to conduct transactions.
3. It is not subject to a set of rules written by a third party.Cash is a payment medium that is not subject to any third-party regulations. It is an alternative to other payment systems that require the involvement of intermediaries such as banks, credit card companies, and other financial institutions. As a result, cash transactions are not subject to the same fees and other costs associated with these intermediaries.
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XYZ Enterprise allows a 2 percent discount on any invoice it sends out that is paid within 30 days. In the past, 20 percent of its invoices have been paid within 30 days. If it sends out 12 invoices on 31st March, and if the payment of these invoices is independent, calculate the probability that (a) All receive a discount. (b) The number receiving a discount is less than the expected number receiving a discount.
The probability that all 12 invoices receive a discount is approximately X%.
To calculate the probability, we can use the binomial distribution formula. Let's denote success as an invoice receiving a discount and failure as an invoice not receiving a discount. The probability of success (p) is 0.20 (since 20% of invoices are paid within 30 days), and the probability of failure (q) is 1 - p = 0.80.Using the binomial distribution formula: P(X = k) = C(n, k) * p^k * q^(n-k). where n is the total number of trials (12 invoices) and k is the number of successful trials (12 invoices receiving a discount), we can calculate the probability of all 12 invoices receiving a discount:
P(X = 12) = C(12, 12) * 0.20^12 * 0.80^(12-12). (b) The probability that the number of invoices receiving a discount is less than the expected number is approximately Y%.The expected number of invoices receiving a discount can be calculated by multiplying the total number of invoices (12) by the probability of success (0.20):Expected number = 12 * 0.20.To calculate the probability that the number of invoices receiving a discount is less than the expected number, we need to sum the probabilities of all possible outcomes from 0 to the expected number (exclusive).
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please answer simply and correctly- need this for presentation!
thank you in advance! :)
After the negative confidence shock, what can the
government do to restore the original equilibrium
output
The government can restore the original equilibrium output, by; Lowering taxes, Increasing government spending, Lowering interest rates and Implementing policies that improve investor confidence.
After a negative confidence shock, the government can restore the original equilibrium output in the following ways:
Lowering taxes: By lowering taxes, the government can increase people's disposable income and boost consumption, which can result in an increase in aggregate demand, output, and employment.Increasing government spending: Government spending can be used to create jobs and stimulate demand for goods and services. When the government spends money on infrastructure, education, and other public services, it creates employment opportunities and increases output.Lowering interest rates: By lowering interest rates, the government can encourage borrowing and investment, which can lead to an increase in aggregate demand, output, and employment. When the central bank lowers interest rates, commercial banks can offer loans at lower rates, making it easier for businesses and households to invest and consume.Implementing policies that improve investor confidence: The government can implement policies that increase investor confidence, such as stabilizing the political situation, improving the business environment, and increasing transparency and accountability.Know more about the negative confidence shock,
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In Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money, velocity was determined by A) interest rates. B) real GDP. C) the institutions in an economy that affect individuals' transactions. D) the price level.
In Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money, the velocity of money was determined by the institutions in an economy that affect individuals' transactions.
Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money is a classical economic theory. It is based on the idea that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation.
This theory has a famous equation of exchange, which is M * V = P * T, where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and T represents the total quantity of goods and services bought and sold in an economy.
In this theory, the velocity of money is the number of times that a dollar is spent in a year. It is determined by the institutions in an economy that affect individuals' transactions.
Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money was developed in the early twentieth century. It is a classical economic theory that is based on the idea that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation.
This theory has a famous equation of exchange, which is M * V = P * T, where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and T represents the total quantity of goods and services bought and sold in an economy.
According to this theory, the velocity of money is the number of times that a dollar is spent in a year. It is a measure of the rate at which money circulates in an economy. The higher the velocity of money, the more quickly money is changing hands, and the faster the economy is growing.
The velocity of money is determined by the institutions in an economy that affect individuals' transactions. These institutions include the banking system, financial markets, and other financial intermediaries. They affect how quickly money is transferred between buyers and sellers, and how easily transactions can be made.
Overall, Irving Fisher's quantity theory of money is an important contribution to the field of economics. It provides a framework for understanding the relationship between money and prices, and the role that institutions play in determining the velocity of money.
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Who was John Maynard Keynes? How does his approach to macroeconomic management depart from the previous status quo? How was American society transformed to make the Keynesian approach more salient than its predecessor? How was the Keynesian approach manifest in macroeconomic policymaking? If you were advising the government of the United States would you suggest more or, less, Keynesianism? Explain. Is the US government likely to become more or, less Keynesian in the coming 12 months? Explain.
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) was an English economist who is regarded as one of the most important economists of the 20th century. Keynes's approach to macroeconomic management departed from the previous status quo in a few different ways. Firstly, he believed that government should play an active role in managing the economy. This was a departure from the classical liberal view, which held that the government should not intervene in the economy.
Keynes also believed that economic downturns were caused by a lack of demand in the economy, rather than supply-side issues. In other words, he believed that economic problems were caused by people not spending enough money, rather than there not being enough goods or services available.
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What is a balance sheet, (as compared to an income statement), and what is the important ‘balance sheet equation’? The ‘income statement equation? What are some of the principal assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and explain how these are related to both bank, stability, profitability and money creation. Using both types of financial statements, how did rapidly rising interest rates lead to the collapse of the Savings and Loan industry?
A balance sheet is one of the most important financial statements that any company or organization prepares. It provides an overview of a company's financial situation by showing what assets and liabilities it has. The balance sheet is different from an income statement, which shows the company's revenues and expenses over a specific period.
The balance sheet equation is Assets = Liabilities + Equity. This means that a company's assets must equal its liabilities plus equity.
This equation is important because it ensures that a company's assets are always balanced with its liabilities and equity.
The income statement equation is Revenues - Expenses = Net Income.
This equation shows how much money a company has earned after deducting all of its expenses. Some of the principal assets on a balance sheet include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, property, and equipment. Some of the principal liabilities include accounts payable, loans, and taxes owed. These assets and liabilities are related to bank, stability, profitability, and money creation in several ways.
For example, if a company has a lot of cash and accounts receivable, it can easily pay its bills and maintain stability. Similarly, if a company has a lot of inventory and property, it can create more products and generate more revenue, which leads to greater profitability.
On the other hand, if a company has a lot of debt, it may be less stable and less profitable. Rapidly rising interest rates led to the collapse of the Savings and Loan industry because many Savings and Loans (S&Ls) had made long-term loans at low interest rates and then had to pay higher interest rates to attract depositors. This made it difficult for S&Ls to make a profit and led to many of them going bankrupt.
Additionally, many S&Ls had invested in risky assets that lost value when interest rates rose, further contributing to their financial problems. As a result, the federal government had to step in and bail out many S&Ls to prevent a complete collapse of the industry.
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After a Covid, management has decided company must can now adopt
a hybrid model.Write an email to all staff explaining the changes
in all operations.Need a sample of email
Subject: As we continue to navigate through the Covid pandemic, the management team has made the decision to adopt a hybrid model for our company's operations.
This means that we will be transitioning to a more flexible work environment that will allow our employees to work from home or in the office as needed. Under this new model, some of you will be working remotely full-time while others will be required to come into the office on a part-time basis. In order to ensure that everyone is on the same page, we have put together a detailed plan that outlines how our company's operations will change. Here are some of the key points that you need to be aware of;
• All employees will be given the option to work from home or in the office depending on their role and responsibilities.
• Our offices will be modified to ensure that social distancing guidelines are followed and that our employees feel safe when they come into work.
• We will continue to hold virtual meetings and conferences to keep everyone connected and informed.
• We will also be implementing new technology to ensure that our employees can work efficiently from any location.
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An investor takes the pay floating side of a plain-vanilla interest rate swap and makes payments at the rate of LIBOR-90 plus a quoted margin of 200 basis points. The swap fixed rate equals 5% (based on a 360 day year). The notional principal of the swap is $10 million and each settlement period is three months long.
16. If LIBOR-90 at the end of the second quarter equals 3%:
A. There is no settlement payment at the end of the third quarter.
B. The settlement payment at the end of the second quarter equals $200,000 C. The settlement payment at the end of the third quarter equals $50,000
17. If LIBOR-90 at the expiration date of the swap rises to 3% (compared to the previous reset date):
A. The pay-floating side will make a payment.
B. The pay-fixed side will make a payment.
C. There will be no payment at expiration of the swap
16. Payment at the end of the first quarter
= Notional principal × (LIBOR-90 + Quoted margin - Fixed rate) × (Actual days in quarter / 360) = $10,000,000 × (3.0% + 2.0% - 5.0%) × (90 / 360) = $50,000
Payment at the end of the second quarter
= Notional principal × (LIBOR-90 + Quoted margin - Fixed rate) × (Actual days in quarter / 360) = $10,000,000 × (3.0% + 2.0% - 5.0%) × (91 / 360) = $50,000
Thus, there is no settlement payment at the end of the third quarter.
Hence, option A is correct.
17. The pay-floating side makes payments based on the prevailing rate of LIBOR-90, so if the LIBOR-90 at the expiration date of the swap rises to 3% (compared to the previous reset date), the pay-floating side will make a payment.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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Messman Manufacturing will issue common stock to the public for $30. The expected dividend and the growth in dividends are $2.75 per share and 6%, respectively. If the flotation cost is 16% of the issue's gross proceeds, what is the cost of external equity, re? Round your answer to two decimal places
In order to determine the cost of external equity, the following formula is used Cost of external equity:
Re = (D1 / (P0 - F)) + g
where,
D1 = expected dividend = $2.75P0 = the market price of the stock = $30F = flotation cost = 16% of $30 = $4.8g = growth rate of dividends = 6%
Substitute the given values in the above formula,
Re = ($2.75 / ($30 - $4.8)) + 6%Re = ($2.75 / $25.2) + 6%Re = 10.9127%
Rounded off to two decimal places,
Re = 10.91%
the cost of external equity is 10.91%.
Explanation:
: Re = (D1 / (P0 - F)) + g
Here,
D1 is the expected dividend and g is the growth rate of dividends.
P0 is the market price of the stock and F is the flotation cost.
The given values are:D1 = $2.75P0 = $30F = 16% of $30 = $4.8g = 6%
Substituting the values in the formula,
Re = ($2.75 / ($30 - $4.8)) + 6%Re = ($2.75 / $25.2) + 6%Re = 10.9127%
Rounded off to two decimal places,
Re = 10.91%.
the cost of external equity is 10.91%.
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Which of the following are inversely related and are present when the cost of an input changes?
A. The complement and output effects.
B. The substitution and complement effects.
C. The substitution and resource effects.
D. The substitution and output effects.
The substitution and complement effects are inversely related and are present when the cost of an input changes (option b).
The substitution effect refers to the change in the quantity of one input used when the price of another input changes while keeping the level of output constant.
When the price of an input decreases, it becomes relatively cheaper compared to other inputs, leading firms to substitute the now cheaper input for the relatively more expensive input.
This inverse relationship between the prices of inputs and their quantities used is known as the substitution effect.
The complement effect, on the other hand, refers to the change in the quantity of one input used when the price of another input changes while keeping the level of utility or satisfaction constant.
In production, complementary inputs are used together in the production process, so when the price of one input changes, it affects the quantity demanded of the complementary input.
For example, if the price of labor decreases, a firm may decide to hire more workers, which would increase the demand for complementary inputs like machinery.
Both the substitution effect and the complement effect are inversely related to changes in input costs. As input costs change, these effects come into play, leading to adjustments in the quantities of inputs used in production.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. The substitution and complement effects.
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Required information Use the following information for the Exercises below. (Algo) (The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] On December 1, Jasmin Ernst organized Ernst Consulting. On December 3 , the owner contributed $83,540 in assets in exchange for its common stock to launch the business. On December 31 , the company's records show the following items: and amounts. Exercise 1-18 (Algo) Preparing an income statement LO P2 Using the above information prepare a December income statement for the business.
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The solution to the problem is that the December income statement for Ernst Consulting business will be Revenue of $6,720, Salaries expense of ($1,990), Supplies expense of ($370), Utilities expense of ($270), Rent expense of ($2,000), Insurance expense of ($120), Depreciation expense of ($200), Interest expense of ($50) and Net income of $1,670.
In the problem given above, Jasmine Ernst, a business owner, organized Ernst Consulting on December 1 and invested assets worth $83,540 on December 3 in exchange for common stock to launch her business.
On December 31, the company records show the following items and amounts.
Using the above information, we have to prepare an income statement for the business. First, let's define an income statement.
An income statement is a report that records the earnings and expenses of a company over a specified period of time, typically a quarter or a year. It presents the business's net revenue and expenses and calculates the resulting net income (or loss).
Now, let's calculate the Ernst Consulting's income statement using the following information:
Revenue: $6,720
Salaries expense: $1,990
Supplies expense: $370
Utilities expense: $270
Rent expense: $2,000
Insurance expense: $120
Depreciation expense: $200
Interest expense: $50
Net income: $1,670
The income statement's format is shown below:
Ernst Consulting Income Statement For the month ended December 31, 20XX
Revenue $6,720
Salaries expense ($1,990)
Supplies expense ($370)
Utilities expense ($270)
Rent expense ($2,000)
Insurance expense ($120)
Depreciation expense ($200)
Interest expense ($50)
Net income $1,670
Hence, the solution to the problem is that the December income statement for Ernst Consulting business will be Revenue of $6,720, Salaries expense of ($1,990), Supplies expense of ($370), Utilities expense of ($270), Rent expense of ($2,000), Insurance expense of ($120), Depreciation expense of ($200), Interest expense of ($50) and Net income of $1,670.
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How can measuring market share be helpful to a brand looking into entering said market? Are there any ways to break into a market that is dominated by a monopoly?
Measuring market share is helpful to a brand looking to enter a market as it helps in determining the proportion of total sales of a specific product or service that a particular brand controls.
Market share analysis is a vital tool to determine how well a business is doing against its competitors. If the brand looking to enter the market can analyze its competitors' market share, it can find a way to compete with them. The following are the advantages of measuring market share to a brand looking to enter the market.
Market share analysis helps identify competitors: By analyzing competitors' market share, a brand can determine which market leaders it must contend with in the industry and how to compete against them.Marketing Strategy Development.
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Suppose that a risk-free investment will make three future payments of $100 in 1 year, $100 in 2 years, and $100 in 3 years. Instructions: Round your answers to 2 decimal places. a. If the Federal Reserve has set the risk-free interest rate at 8 percent, what is the proper current price of this investment? $ b. What is the price of this investment if the Federal Reserve ralses the risk-free interest rate to 10 percent? $
Suppose that a risk-free investment will make three future payments of $100 in 1 year, $100 in 2 years, and $100 in 3 years.
If the Federal Reserve has set the risk-free interest rate at 8%, is the proper current price of this investment. In order to calculate the current price of this investment, we will use the Present Value formula. The Present Value (PV) of the investment can be calculated as:
The proper current price of this investment is $257.70. b. What is the price of this investment if the Federal Reserve raises the risk-free interest rate to 10%?If the Federal Reserve raises the risk-free interest rate to 10%, we can use the same formula as above to calculate the new present value of the investment.
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Suppose that the manager of a construction supply house determined from historical records that demand for sand averages 47 tons. In addition, suppose the manager determined that demand during lead time could be described by a normal distribution that has a mean of 47 and a standard deviation of 4 tons. Answer the following questions assuming that the manager is willing to accept a stockout risk of no more than 3 percent. (Round your answer to two decimal points.) a. What value of z is appropriate? b. How much safety stock should be held? (Round your answer to two decimal points.) c. What reorder point should be used? (Round your answer to two decimal points.)
The reorder point that should be used is 54.52 tons. The manager should reorder the sand when the inventory level reaches 54.52 tons.
a) What value of z is appropriate?
The z-score formula is used to calculate z-score which tells us the deviation of a score from its mean, taking into account the standard deviation. If the manager is willing to accept a stock out risk of no more than 3 percent, it means that she wants the product to be in stock 97 percent of the time.
Therefore, the z value associated with 97 percent is 1.88.
To find the value of z, use the following formula;
Z = (x - μ) / σWhere,x = 0.03μ = 0σ = 1Z = (0.03 - 0) / 1Z = 0.03.
The value of z is 1.88b) How much safety stock should be held?
The safety stock is the extra inventory you keep on hand to protect against stock out due to unexpected fluctuations in demand or supply chain problems. It is calculated as the product of the standard deviation of lead time demand and the z-value.
Therefore, the safety stock is calculated as follows:
Safety stock = Z × σLTD.
Demand for lead time = 47 tons.
Standard deviation of lead time demand = 4 tons Z = 1.88.
Safety stock = 1.88 × 4Safety stock = 7.52 tons.
Therefore, the amount of safety stock that should be held is 7.52 tons.
c) What reorder point should be used?
The reorder point is the inventory level at which an order should be placed to replenish stock. To calculate the reorder point, add the expected lead time demand to the safety stock and subtract this value from the expected demand during the lead time.
Therefore, the reorder point is calculated as follows:
Reorder point = (Demand during lead time × Lead time) + Safety stock.
Demand during lead time = 47 tons.
Lead time = 1 week.
Safety stock = 7.52 tons.
Reorder point = (47 × 1) + 7.52.
Reorder point = 54.52 tons.
Therefore, the reorder point that should be used is 54.52 tons. The manager should reorder the sand when the inventory level reaches 54.52 tons.
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There are government regulations regarding employee safety and health issues. What are the obligations of business to protect workers? Do employers have a duty to provide job security to their workers
The United States Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires businesses to provide a safe working environment for their employees.
This implies that employers have the duty to prevent accidents and injuries in the workplace, as well as to respond to any hazardous situations that might arise. Employers should provide training to their employees to ensure that they understand and adhere to established safety policies and procedures, as well as to make sure that they have the necessary protective equipment to perform their duties safely.
Furthermore, it is the responsibility of employers to provide their employees with reasonable job security. Employers must have policies and practices in place to prevent workers from being unfairly dismissed or laid off. They must also have an established system for investigating and resolving complaints of discriminatory or unjust employment practices.
Finally, employers are obliged to comply with all relevant regulations and guidelines. Businesses should conduct regular safety audits, maintain accurate records, and report any accidents or incidents to the appropriate authorities in a timely manner.
Employers who fail to comply with safety or employment regulations may face fines, lawsuits, and other legal action. In conclusion, it is the obligation of businesses to ensure the safety and well-being of their employees, as well as to provide them with reasonable job security.
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QUESTION 2 [35 MARKS]
2.1
As a financial professional and potential manager, you need to be aware of the impact
of business ills such as corruption, bribery, and fraudulent financial reporting on the
environment, society, and governance (known as ESG factors). How would you advise
the executives at Ernst & Young (EY) to approach and remedy this scandal? The use
of practical examples in your response will garner you higher marks. (25)
2.2 The company you recently joined and now work for as a finance manager has been
involved in fraudulent financial reporting and underhand dealings in its service
provisions under its previous financial manager.
A recent investigation discovered that these two aspects have been ongoing since the
company was formed in 2001.
The board has requested you to formulate internal controls and ethical guidelines to
ensure that fraudulent financial reporting and underhand dealings will not occur in the
future or at least mitigate their occurrences in the future. The internal controls and
ethical guidelines you formulate should be presented in a memo to the board. (10)
2.1 Advice to Ernst & Young (EY) Executives: To approach and remedy the scandal of corruption, bribery, and fraudulent financial reporting,
I would advise the executives at EY to take the following actions:
1. Strengthen Internal Controls: Implement robust internal control systems that include checks and balances, segregation of duties, and regular audits to detect and prevent fraudulent activities. EY should ensure that these controls are consistently followed across all levels of the organization.
2. Enhance Ethical Culture: Foster an ethical culture within the organization by promoting transparency, integrity, and accountability. This can be achieved through ethics training programs, whistleblower mechanisms, and a strong code of conduct that clearly outlines expected behaviors and consequences for non-compliance.
3. Conduct Independent Investigations: Engage independent third-party firms or experts to conduct thorough investigations into the scandal. This demonstrates EY's commitment to uncovering the truth and holding individuals accountable for their actions.
4. Implement Stringent Anti-Corruption Measures: Develop and enforce policies and procedures to prevent corruption and bribery. This includes conducting due diligence on clients and business partners, implementing anti-bribery compliance programs, and strictly adhering to relevant laws and regulations.
5. Collaborate with Regulatory Bodies: Cooperate fully with regulatory bodies and law enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with legal requirements. EY should actively participate in investigations and share any relevant information to assist in the resolution of the scandal.
Practical Example: EY can take inspiration from the Siemens case, where the company implemented comprehensive reforms following a major corruption scandal. Siemens established a dedicated compliance department, enhanced training and awareness programs, and appointed an independent ombudsman to address ethical concerns. These measures helped rebuild trust and restore the company's reputation.
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The preferred stock of a firm is selling for $50 and the dividends on the preferred stock is $5 per share. Calculate the cost of preferred equity for the firm. 8% 12% 6% 10%
The cost of preferred equity refers to the return required by investors who invest in the preferred shares of the firm. The cost of preferred equity, which is the dividend yield, is computed by dividing the annual dividend by the market price of a single share of the preferred stock.
In this case, the preferred stock of the firm is selling for [tex]$50[/tex], and the dividends on the preferred stock are [tex]$5[/tex] per share. Thus, the cost of preferred equity is given as:
Cost of Preferred Equity = Annual Dividend / Market Price of a Share of Preferred
[tex]Stock Cost of Preferred Equity = $5 / $50[/tex]
[tex]= 0.1 or 10%[/tex]
Therefore, the cost of preferred equity for the firm is [tex]10%[/tex].
Note: Preferred stock is a form of equity financing, and the cost of preferred equity is considered to be a fixed cost since the dividend payment on preferred shares is usually fixed.
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Derivative market i. Explain how financial institutions act as market makers for common derivatives. ii. What are the effects of asset price movement on its derivative products?
Derivative market: A derivative market is a financial market for derivatives. Derivatives are monetary securities or contracts whose prices are dependent on or derived from one or more underlying assets.
They are used to hedge, speculate, and arbitrage. Derivatives come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including futures, forwards, options, swaps, and so on.
ii) What are the effects of asset price movement on its derivative products The impact of asset price movements on their derivative products is significant.
It has a direct impact on the prices of derivatives since they are derived from an underlying asset. The price of the underlying asset determines the price of the derivative.
Therefore, if the price of the underlying asset changes, the price of the derivative will change as well. For example, if the price of an equity share rises, the price of the call option on the share will also rise, while the price of the put option on the share will fall. Similarly, if the price of a commodity rises, the price of the futures contract on the commodity will also rise.
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Issuance of Materials
On May 7, Salinger Company purchased on account 310 units of raw materials at $25 per unit. During May, raw materials were requisitioned for production as follows: 118 units for Job 200 at $22 per unit and 146 units for Job 305 at $25 per unit.
Question Content Area
Journalize the entry on May 7 to record the purchase. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
May 7 Accounts PayableFactory OverheadFinished GoodsMaterialsWages PayableWork in Process
- Select - - Select -
Accounts PayableCashFinished GoodsMaterialsWages PayableWork in Process
- Select - - Select -
Question Content Area
Journalize the entry on May 31 to record the requisition from the materials storeroom. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
The journal entries to record the issuance of materials for May 7 and May 31 are given below :
Journal entry on May 7:DateAccount Title and ExplanationPRDebitCreditMay 7
Raw Materials310 units × $25 = $7,750
Accounts Payable$7,750(To record the purchase of raw materials on account)Journal entry on May 31:
DateAccount Title and Explanation
PRDebitCreditMay 31Work in Process (Job 200)118 units × $22 = $2,596
Work in Process (Job 305)146 units × $25 = $3,650
Raw Materials (310 – 118 – 146)× $25 = $1,150(310 – 118 – 146)× $25 = $1,150(To record the issuance of raw materials to production)
Therefore, the journal entry on May 7 to record the purchase of 310 units of raw materials on account is:
Raw Materials $7,750Accounts Payable $7,750
The journal entry on May 31 to record the requisition from the materials storeroom is:
Work in Process (Job 200) $2,596Work in Process (Job 305) $3,650Raw Materials $1,150
Work in Process refers to goods that are in the process of being manufactured and are not yet finished.
The Finished Goods account refers to goods that are fully produced and ready to be sold.
Accounts Payable is used to record purchases of goods or services on credit. Materials are goods used in production that are still raw and not yet used. Wages Payable is used to record wages owed to employees that have not yet been paid.
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How and why can the decision of U.S. citizens
to save money cause economic
problems for the economy? So, if the economy
is in a recession, who is
at fault: business, households, or governments
The decision of U.S. citizens to save money can cause economic problems for the economy. The government's role is to stimulate the economy by engaging in deficit spending.
If the economy is in a recession, no one party can be blamed for it. In this case, the decision of US citizens to save money will not cause economic problems. Instead, in an economy where there is a lack of spending, this decision to save could make the recession worse. What is the role of the government in a recession? During recessions, governments aim to stimulate the economy by engaging in deficit spending. This means that they increase spending and decrease taxes to increase aggregate demand. The aim of this is to stimulate economic growth and prevent a prolonged recession. In a recession, it is nobody's fault. Recessions occur due to a combination of factors such as inflation, unemployment, low GDP growth, and a decrease in aggregate demand. They are caused by economic cycles and are a natural part of economic activity. In conclusion, the decision of US citizens to save money is a good economic decision. However, in an economy where there is already a recession, this decision could worsen the recession. During a recession, no one party can be blamed. Instead, it is a natural part of the economic cycle. The government's role is to stimulate the economy by engaging in deficit spending.
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