Nasa’s orion spacecraft, which left earth last week, flew within 81 miles of the surface of which celestial body on monday?.

The relationship between the absolute temperature and the average kinetic energy of the gas particles is inverse. Gas particle collisions are thought to be elastic.

When compared to the volume that the gas occupies, the volume of the gas particles is insignificant. There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between the gas particle. Although they travel in straight lines, the gas particles are constantly in a random motion.

What is particle collision?

There may be collisions between the particles and the wall during particle flows. The kinetic energy lost upon particle collision can cause frictional heat to be produced, walls to erode, particles to shatter or deform, be aggregated, or substances to become electrified.

What occurs when gases come together?

Gas molecules exclusively interact with one another through collisions; they do not apply any other forces. They don't adhere to one another.  All gas molecule collisions are flawlessly elastic, and all kinetic energy is preserved.

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The undamped horizontal spring oscillator has an amplitude of 1.61 m when passing through its equilibrium position during oscillation.

It is given to us that -

Mass of the undamped spring oscillator, m = 2.52 kg

Spring constant during oscillation, k = 21.6 n/m

Speed of the spring oscillator, v = 3.34 m/s

We have to find out the amplitude of oscillation, say A.

According to the concept of Conservation of Energy, we can say that -

[tex]\frac{1}{2} mv^{2} = \frac{1}{2} kA^{2}[/tex] ------ (1)

where,

m = mass of the oscillator

v = speed of oscillation

k = Spring constant

A = Amplitude of oscillation

Now, substituting the given values in equation (1), we have

[tex]\frac{1}{2} mv^{2} = \frac{1}{2} kA^{2}\\= > \frac{1}{2} *2.52*(3.34)^{2} = \frac{1}{2} *21.6*A^{2}\\= > 28.11211 = 10.8A^{2}\\= > A^{2}=2.60\\= > A = 1.61m[/tex]

Therefore, the undamped horizontal spring oscillator has an amplitude of 1.61 m when passing through its equilibrium position during oscillation.

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The average power being emitted by the source is 12.56* 10⁻⁴°⁵ W.

Given that,

Sound level L = 35 db

Distance d = 100 m

We know the formula for L as, ( take I₀ as 10⁻¹²)

L = 10 log(I / I₀) = 35

log(I / I₀) = 3.5

log(10¹²×I ) = 3.5

12 + log I =3.5

log I = 3.5 - 12 = -8.5

I = 10⁻⁸°⁵ W/m²

We know the formula for intensity of sound as I = P/(4πd²)

I = P/(4πd²)

To find out power, make P as the subject,

P = I * 4πd² =  10⁻⁸°⁵ * 4* 3.14* (100)² = 10⁻⁸°⁵ * 10⁴ * 12.56 = 12.56* 10⁻⁴°⁵ W

Thus, the average power being emitted by the source is 12.56* 10⁻⁴°⁵ W.

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Under cold air standard conditions, Then the thermal efficiency of this cycle is 61.38%.

n= 1- ((a^x)-1)/(x*e^(x-1) *(a-1)

n=thermal efficiency

e=compression ratio= v1/v2

a=cut off ratio=V3/V2

x=Cp/Cv=1.4 for air

v1=4L

v2=0.25L

v3=0.5 L

e= 4/0.25=16

a= 0.5/0.25 =2

n= 1- ((2^1.4)-1)/(1.4*16^(1.4-1) *(2-1) = .6138 = 61.38%

A system's thermal efficiency is determined by how much work is produced for every unit of heat input. Work is produced by heat engines. The percentage of heat that is converted into usable work is expressed as thermal efficiency.

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Frequencies in both cases are [tex]& f_2=1.225 \mathrm{H}_z[/tex] and [tex]}} \\& f_2=1.522 \mathrm{H}_z[/tex]

The frequency of a repeated event is its number of instances per unit of time. It differs from angular frequency and is sometimes referred to as temporal frequency for clarification. One event occurs per second when measuring frequency in hertz.

The quantity of waves that pass a set location in a predetermined period of time is known as frequency. Therefore, if a wave passes through in half a second, the frequency is 2 per second. The frequency is 100 times per hour if it takes 1/100 of an hour.

According to the given information

We got to know

A) the frequency of two spring

[tex]f=\frac{1}{2 \pi} \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}[/tex]

for Same spring

[tex]f \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{m}}[/tex]

So

[tex]& \frac{f_2}{f_1}=\sqrt{\frac{m_1}{m_2}} \Rightarrow f_2=f_1 \sqrt{\frac{m_1}{m_2}} \\[/tex]

[tex]& f_2=1.35 \times \sqrt{\frac{0.75}{(0.16+0.75)}} 2=222=1 \frac{1}{2} \\[/tex]

[tex]& f_2=1.225 \mathrm{H}_z[/tex]

B)

[tex]& f_2=f_1 \sqrt{\frac{m_1}{m_2}} \\& f_2=1.35 \times \sqrt{\frac{0.75}{(0.75-0.16)}} \\& f_2=1.522 \mathrm{H}_z[/tex]

Frequencies in both cases are [tex]& f_2=1.225 \mathrm{H}_z[/tex] and [tex]}} \\& f_2=1.522 \mathrm{H}_z[/tex]

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The induced EMF in each of the loops a, b, and c is such that loop A has a counter-clockwise EMF, loop B has no induced EMF, and loop C has a clockwise EMF.

The highest potential difference between two electrodes of a galvanic or voltaic cell is what creates electromagnetic force. The characteristic has to do with how readily an element, molecule, or ion tends to gain (gain) or lose electrons.

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Capacitance is C = [tex]8.126[/tex] × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex]

A material thing or device's capacitance is its ability to hold electric charge. The ratio of those two values is used to calculate the change in charge in response to an alteration in electric potential.

According to the given information

The RLC circuit's resonant frequency is determined by

f = [tex]\frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{LC} }[/tex]

L is the circuit's inductance, and C is its capacitance.

By rearranging the equation, we get

C = [tex]\frac{1}{(2\pi) ^{2}f^{2} L }[/tex]

and by substituting the inductance of the circuit L = 30mH = 0.030mH

The resonant frequency f = 1040 Hz

We need to find the value of the capacitance

By substituting the values in C

C = [tex]\frac{1}{(2\pi) ^{2}(1040)^{2}(0.03) }[/tex]

C = 0.0008126 [tex]u[/tex]C

C = [tex]8.126[/tex] × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex]

Capacitance is C = [tex]8.126[/tex] × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex]

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If a metal cools  while releasing 160 j of heat energy, its specific heat capacity is 1.4222 J/kg. In the event that the metal weighs 5.0 g

A amount of heat unit unit of mass needed to raise temperature temperature by one degree Celsius is known as the thermal inertia or specific heat. The ability to distinguish between various polymeric composites using specific heat can be useful in calculating the processing temperatures the volume of heat required

T₁ = 225°C

T₂ = 25°C

q = -160 J

m = 5.0 g

As we know,

q = mcΔT

Now,

-160 = 5*c*(T₂-T₁)

-160 = 5*c*(25-225)

c = -160/5(-200)

c = 0.16 J/g°c.

Summary. The heat capacity of a thing is indeed the amount of energy needed to raise its temperature by one degree Celsius. The amount of energy required to raise the temperature od 1 gram of a substance by 1oC is known as its specific heat.

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As the charge, ( Q ) is equal and constant, the voltage drop across the capacitor is determined by the value of the capacitor only as V = Q ÷ C.

What is charge?

Charged material experiences a force when it is exposed to an electromagnetic field due to the physical characteristic of electric charge. You might have a positive or negative electric charge. Unlike charges attract one another while like charges repel one another.

As the charge, ( Q ) is equal and constant, the voltage drop across the capacitor is determined by the value of the capacitor only as V = Q ÷ C. A small capacitance value will result in a larger voltage while a large value of capacitance will result in a smaller voltage drop.

While the voltage drop across a resistor is proportional to the current and there is a current at the beginning, the voltage drop across a capacitor is related to its charge and is uncharged at the beginning. However, when charge on the capacitor begins to accumulate, some voltage is now lost across the capacitor.

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In Kohlberg's terms, Michael's father is demonstrating Conventional reasoning.

According to Kohlberg's Structural Theory of Moral Development, conventional moral reasoning is the second of three levels of moral reasoning. At this level, people have internalized the moral standards and expectations of those closest to them and typically base their moral decisions on these standards and expectations.

In the given question, Michael is unaware that marijuana is prohibited, but his grandfather has instructed him to take it out because it is forbidden. It is unlawful, according to his father. It demonstrates that his father is aware of the laws. He believes that they must follow it since it is their responsibility, or else his son would be punished for breaking the law.

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A. The average kinetic energy for each atom of argon gas in the cylinder is 6.04 × 10⁻²¹ Joule.

B. The number of moles of argon inside the cylinder is 1.38 × 10² mol.

The formula to calculate the average kinetic energy for monoatomic gas is

KE = 3/2 kT

KE = 1.5 kT

KE = 1.5 × 1.38 × 10⁻²³ × 292

KE = 6.04 × 10⁻²¹ J

For every ideal gas applies the ideal gas equation

PV = nRT

PV = nRT

1.7 × 10⁶ × 1.97 × 10⁻¹ = n × 8.314 × 292

3.35 × 10⁵ = n × 2.43 × 10³

n = 1.38 × 10² mol

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The light ray will bend downwards.

What is light ray?
A ray, in the field of optics, is a geometrical model of idealised light that is chosen to be perpendicular to a wavefronts of the real light and to point in the direction of energy flow. By segmenting the actual light field into discrete rays that are computationally perpetuated through the system using ray tracing techniques, rays are employed to model this same propagation of light thru an optical system. As a result, even extremely complex optical systems can be mathematically or computationally analysed. For as long as light ray travel through and around objects for whom the dimensions are significantly larger than the light's wavelength, approximate remedies to Maxwell's equations are appropriate for use in ray tracing.

The light will most likely follow the path that curves downward. This is because light rays bend towards the normal when entering a denser medium, such as water from air. The normal is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the water. Therefore, the light ray will bend downwards.

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By increasing the time of impact a smaller amount of force would be required to stop the cart. The force of the impact decreases as the impact of time increases. Therefore, the force on the body decreases as time increases with a constant change in momentum.

The push or pull on a massed object changes its velocity is defined as force. An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude.

Force = Mass × Acceleration

The change in momentum over time is measured by force. In real life, when a force is applied to an object, it accelerates and rises in velocity, which increases the momentum of the object.

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The speed of the spaceship is 0.099c.

Speed is the fastest movement of something.

Given:

L = 30 m is the proper length of the ship

• Delta*L = 13.8cm = 0.13m is the change in length

Let us first determine our contracted length. We can do this by subtraction:

L = 30m - 0.13m

We get:

L = 29.87

Now to determine the speed of the ship, we use the length contraction equation:

L = L_{0} * √(1 - (v ^ 2)/(c ^ 2))

We isolate the square root term:

√(1 - (v ^ 2)/(c ^ 2)) = L/L_{0} To simplify calculations, let us first substitute our lengths:

√(1 - (v ^ 2)/(c ^ 2)) = (29.87/(30) =

= 0.995

After calculation

V/C = 0.099874

Or V= 0.099c

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The acceleration of a racehorse that is running 19 m/s and the track has a radius of 50 m is 7.22 m/s².

Centripetal acceleration, the acceleration of a body in a circular orbit. Since velocity is a vector quantity (that is, it has both magnitude, velocity, and direction), as an object moves along a circular path, its direction and velocity constantly change, resulting in acceleration. The centripetal acceleration ac has a magnitude equal to the square of the body velocity v along the curve divided by the distance r from the center of the circle to the moving body. That is, α = v²/r. Centripetal acceleration has units of meters per second squared. The force that causes this acceleration is also directed toward the center of the circle and is called the centripetal force.

α = v²/r

Where, α = centripetal acceleration

r = radius (50 m)

v = velocity (19 m/s)

α = 19²/50

α = 7.22 m/s²

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The ideal response is C. Hard magnets are substances that are permanently magnetic.

An illustration of a naturally hard magnetic substance is iron. The strongest powerful permanent magnets were NdFeB, which are produced from powdered grains of various alloys in a pressure and at high temperatures.

Soft magnets possess low values for coercivity (Hc), whereas hard magnets have high values, allowing them to maintain their magnetization even in the absence of any applied field. The hysteresis loops of soft and hard magnets are contrasted in the picture on the right.

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15000000 Joule work is done on the ship if it moves a distance of 3000m.

The amount of force multiplied by the distance moved in the force's direction is known as the work done by a force acting on an item. Work has no direction and only magnitude. Work is a scalar quantity as a result. SI unit of work is joule.

Given parameters:

horizontal force applied on the tugboat is: F = 5000N.

The tugboat moves a distance: d =3000m.

Hence, The work done on the ship is  = Fd =  5000N ×​ 3000m = 15000000 Joule.

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This indicates that the size of forces between the like charge are strong.

What is charge?

Electric charge is the property of subatomic particle. This property makes these particles to experience the electric force of attraction and repulsion. there are two type of charges, positive and negative charge. The force experienced by two like charges is of repulsion and that of unlike charges is attraction. These forces are proportional to the extend of charge.

What are like and unlike charges?

The charges that experience the electric force of attraction when brought closer are known as unlike charges. When +ve and -ve charges are brought closer they experience the electric force of attraction. The charges that experience the electric force of repultion when brought closer are known as like charges. When two +ve and +ve charges are brought closer they experience the electric force of repulsion.

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Let L be the natural length,

Since 20J of work is needed to stretch the spring from a₀ cm to 2a₀ cm,

We have,

20 = k/2 [ (2a₀-L)² - (a₀-L)²] --------- eq 1

Again,

80 J of work is needed to stretch the spring from a₁ cm to 2a₁ cm,

80 = k/2 [ (2a₁-L)² - (a₁-L)²] ---------- eq 2

Now,

eq 2 / eq 1

k/2 [ (2a₀-L)² - (a₀-L)²] / k/2 [ (2a₁-L)² - (a₁-L)²] = (80/20)

a₁(3a₁ - 2L) / a₀(3a₀ - 2L) = 4

3a₁² - 2La₁ / 3a₀² - 2La₀ = 4

3a₁² - 2La₁ = 12a₀² - 8La₀

L(8a₀ - 2a₁) = 12a₀² - 3a₁²

L = (12a₀² - 3a₁²) / (8a₀ - 2a₁)

Therefore the required length of spring or the natural length is (12a₀² - 3a₁²) / (8a₀ - 2a₁).

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The concentration of an chemical in an oil spill in ppb is 0.013 ppb (approx).

concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume to the  mixture. Several by the  types of mathematical description can be the  distinguished: mass of the  concentration, molar concentration, number and  concentration, and volume concentration.

Calculate the concentration in ppb by multiplying to the  ratio of the mass of solute to  mass of solution by 1 billion or 10 ^9

So here the answer can be calculated by

(10^ 9)(6×10 ^-8)/4600

(Here 0.060 mg = 6 × 10 ^-8 kh)

=  6/460

= 0.013 ppb (approx)

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When a metal car is struck by lightning, the resulting electric field inside the car is zero.

The electric force per unit charge is referred to as the electric field. It is assumed that the field's direction corresponds to the force it would apply to a positive test charge.

The roof and walls of the car provide a path of less resistance than the interior of the car, which is why a person inside a car does not get struck by lightning.

When lightning is present, it is safer to sit under a car than to stand under a tree. Inside the car, there is no electric field.

The metal cage that encloses the occupants of cars protects them from lightning.

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16.77m is the lemming's change in height when it reaches the water.

A thing is said to be in projectile motion when it has been fired into the air. After the initial force that launches the object, it only experiences the force of gravity. It is what it is—a projectile—and the path it took to get there is what it was.

You can tell from the situation that this projectile is a Type 1 projectile, or a horizontal projectile. Before you can resolve this issue, you will need a few things.

You must first examine the information you were given:

Vix = 2.87 m/s

dx = 5.32m

Your height or vertical distance are what you need. The following is the usual formula for projectile displacement:

d = Vit +1/2gt²

Specifically, you only need to enter the y-components to obtain the vertical distance. Now keep in mind that a horizontal projectile initially moves only forward and not vertically. Your vi = om/s, leaving you with the following equation:

dy = Viyt + 1/2 gt²

dy = (0m/s)t + 1/2 gt²

dy = 1/2 gt²

However, if you examine your issue, you will discover that no time has been allotted. You can resolve it using the information provided by deriving it from the x component formula:

dx = Vixt

Plug in your knowledge and find a solution for your ignorance.

dx = Vixt

5.32m = (2.87m/s)t

5.32/2.87= t

t = 1.85s

You can solve for your vertical distance/displacement now that you know the time:

dy = 1/2 gt²

dy = 1/2 (9.8 × 1.85²)

dy = 16.77m.

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Answer:

the answer is -16.8

Explanation:

it’s negative because your going down and you have to round off to match the significant digits.

Generally speaking, the object distance indicates that the light rays emanating from the object are parallel to one another, resulting in f=-4.221.

A ray is defined as a small, usually straight-traveling beam of light. The laser or laser pointer's light beam is an illustration of a ray. According to the ray model of light, a ray moves in a straight line until it encounters an object, such as a mirror or the boundary between two materials.

image distance is v = 4.7 + (2.1 * 10-2) = -4.721 m the negative

means image is formed behind the lens

Generally the object distance is u = ∞ this mean the light ray coming from the object are parallel to each other.

So from lens equation

=-고=수

=> f = -4.721 m

As an electromagnetic wave, light travels in straight lines along narrow beams of light, which are referred to as rays. Despite the fact that reflection or refraction can alter its direction, light always moves in a straight line.

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False. Current will travel along the path with the lowest resistance. This is because electrons will take the path of least resistance in order to reach the point of lowest potential energy.

The concept of electrons traveling along paths of least resistance is a fundamental principle of electrical engineering. This principle, known as the principle of lowest resistance, states that electrons will take the path of least resistance in order to reach the point of lowest potential energy. This phenomenon has implications in various areas of electrical engineering, from circuit design to power distribution.

The basic principle of lowest resistance can be demonstrated with a simple circuit. Imagine a circuit with two parallel paths, one with a higher resistance and one with a lower resistance. When a voltage is applied to the circuit, electrons will flow along the path of least resistance, which in this case is the one with the lower resistance.

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Given details :

1.Force equilibrium in x direction

∑ [tex]F{x}[/tex] = 0

F - 39 cos Ф = 0

As Ф = 38°

F = 39 cos38°

F = 30.73 N

Force equilibrium in y direction

∑ [tex]F{y}[/tex] = 0

N = W + P sin38°

   =  70 + 39 sin38°

N = 93.79 N

Thus the normal force on chair = 93.79 N

From the free body diagram

F = μN

30.73 = μ x 93.79

μ = 30.73 / 93.79 = 0.32

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The magnitude of the force exerted by the sled on the student is 20N

Concept:

Every action on one body causes an equal and opposite response on the other, according to Newton's third rule of motion. It implies that if a body is pulled toward itself by a human, the body will also draw the person toward itself with the same force.

The direction of the body's response to the person will be in opposition to the direction of the person's response to the body.

The sled will similarly exert the same amount of effort on the student to drag him backward in the opposite direction as the student exerts on the sled to pull it forward.

The sled's weight moves in a vertically downward direction, therefore it has no bearing on the reaction force the sled exerts on the learner.

Consequently, the sled's force on the student was of the following magnitude: 20N

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The projectile hit the ground 3,992.97 m in front of the release point.  The projectile speed when it hits the ground is 438.5 m/s

When an airplane flying horizontally fires a projectile horizontally in its direction of motion it means

The projectile moves in horizontally but it has projectile motion that move horizontally and vertically according to the parabolic curve.

In vertical, the projectile moves in a non-uniform motion.

Horizontal, the projectile moves in uniform motion.

When the projectile almost hits the ground

Final speed for the projectile

v² = vx² + vy²

v² = 428.89² + 91.24²

v² = 183,946.63 + 8,324.37

v² = 192,271.004

[tex]v = \sqrt{192,271.004}[/tex]

v = 438.5 m/s

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Bond order for the diatomic element is 2

A bond order is something that pairs two atoms with their atoms.

According to molecular orbital theory, the bond order is half the difference between the bonding and antibonding electrons.

Bonding electrons of the element = 6

Anti-bonding electrons of the element = 2

Difference = bonding electrons - anti-bonding electrons

= 6 - 2

= 4

Bond order = (0.5)*(difference)

Bond order = (0.5)*(4)
Bond order = 2

Bond order for the diatomic element has six bonding electrons, six non-bonding electrons, and 2 anti-bonding electrons is 2.

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Assuming Usain Bolt begins at rest (with zero initial velocity) and his motion is uniformly accelerated, his position at time t is given by

where a denotes the average acceleration and t denotes the time. Because the distance covered in our problem is S=100 m and the time taken is t=9.58 s, the average acceleration can be calculated by rearranging the previous formula:

1175.50 kg m/s

Usain Bolt's weight is 93.89 kg.

The average velocity in a 100-meter sprint is 12.52 metres per second.

The momentum can be calculated by taking the product of mass and velocity and multiplying it by

The following factors provide momentum:kg m/s

where denotes mass and denotes velocity

Thus, Usain Bolt's momentum can be calculated by plugging in the given values for

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The total width of the central maximum be 1.266 cm.

The act of bending light around corners such that it spreads out and illuminates regions where a shadow is anticipated is known as diffraction of light.

In general, since both occur simultaneously, it is challenging to distinguish between diffraction and interference. The diffraction of light is what causes the silver lining we see in the sky. A silver lining appears in the sky when the sunlight penetrates or strikes the cloud.

Given that:

wavelength of light = 633 nm

wide of the slit = 0.200 mm.

distance of the central maximum = 2.00 m

So,  the total width of the central maximum = 2λD/a

= ( 2 × 633 nm × 2.00 m)/ 0.200 mm.

= 0.01266 m = 1.266 cm.

Hence,   the total width of the central maximum be  1.266 cm.

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