If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it means that one or more of the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is being violated. This can happen due to several factors, such as mutations, gene flow.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a concept in population genetics that describes a hypothetical state in which the frequency of alleles in a population remains constant over time. This equilibrium is based on five assumptions: no mutations, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no selection. If these assumptions are met, the gene pool of the population will remain stable and the frequency of alleles will not change from generation to generation.
Two specific conditions that are being met in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
1) No mutations are occurring in the gene pool. Mutations are random changes in the DNA sequence of a gene, and they can introduce new alleles into a population or change the frequency of existing alleles. In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, no mutations are occurring, which means that the frequency of alleles remains constant over time.
2) Random mating is occurring. Random mating means that individuals are not choosing their mates based on their genotype or phenotype. Instead, they are mating with other individuals in the population at random. This ensures that the frequency of alleles in the gene pool remains constant over time, as there is no bias towards certain genotypes or phenotypes.
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