Answer:
Some of these include plagiarism, salami slicing, ghost authorship, falsification of data, fabrication of data and at times duplicate submissions etc.
Six dangers posed by Pressure Groups are:
-Plagiarism
-Salami Slicing
-Ghost Authorship
-Falsification of data
-Fabrication of data
-Duplication of data
What are Pressure Groups?Its a group of people organized together for the promoting and defending their common interest. It attempts to bring change in public policy by exerting pressure on the Government.
The pressure groups are called as interest groups or vested groups and are different from the political parties, as they neither contest elections nor try to capture political power.
They are concerned with specific program and issues and their activities are confined to the protection and promotion of the interests of their members by influencing the government.
The pressure groups influence the policy-making and policy implementation in the government through legal and legitimate methods like lobbying, correspondence, publicity, propagandizing, petitioning, public debating, maintaining contacts with their legislators and so forth.
Dangers posed by Pressure Groups:-Plagiarism
Plagiarism is a process of copying or publishing the content of another author's context by one's own name.
Plagiarism is also considered as a moral offense against anyone who has provided the plagiarist with a benefit in exchange for what is specifically supposed to be original content.
-Salami Slicing
Salami slicing tactics is a divide and conquer process of threats and alliances used to overcome opposition. With it, an aggressor can influence and eventually dominate a landscape in a piecemeal fashion. Opposition is eliminated "slice by slice" until its members realize, usually too late, that it has been virtually neutralized in its entirety
The term was coined in 1940s by the Hungarian Communist Party after they successfully captured Hungary.
-Ghost Authorship
Ghost authorship is a term used when their is an anonymous writing influencing the group of people and the group is getting motivated by the writing.
Bigger issue about Ghost authorship is that there is no validation about the author but the writing is influencing the society at large that it creates problematic for the institution to maintain peace and harmony in the society.
-Falsification of Data
Falsification of Data like manipulating research elements, equipment or changing record results into state of confusion and creation of doubt in mind of people. This results into questioning of the standard authority without getting deep into authentic source and leads to complex situation.
Falsification of Data questions the stature of the highest authority and results into questioning of the authority which resulted into shifting of the institution approach from governance to clearing doubts of the people.
Fabrication of Data:
It is similar to Falsification of data with the difference that in former the data is being layered with misrepresentation which can be in the form of words, numbers or data.
The difference between Fabrication and Falsification is that former has some real content and some other different data is layered with it to represent it as the new wholesome data whereas in the latter the data itself is corrupted and false and not real.
Duplication of Data:
It is similar to Plagiarism. The only difference is that in Plagiarism the content is produced by the name of some author infringing the intellectual property rights whereas in duplication of data, the data is not stolen but is copied and pasted and can be used for different uses.
Duplication of data can be done for the profit making as in:
-Providing vital information to some external source
-For profit making
-For defaming the institution or organization
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