Answer:
Neither
Chromatin
Explanation:
Both promoters and enhancers are generally regulating transcription. They are not regulating in translation. They are not responsible for regulation in translation.
Transcription machinery assemble at naked eukaryotic DNA. They do not assemble at DNA chromatin.
definition of human rights
What is happening in these images?
Which of the following is superior the lungs or intestine?
In guinea pigs, the color of the fur is determined by a single gene with two alleles control. The brown allele (B) is dominant over the white allele (b). Two heterozygous guinea pigs are crossed. Draw a genetic diagram with the genotypic, phenotypic and ratio information of the P₁ and F ₁ generations of this cross.
Answer:
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
Genotype:
ratio - 1:2:1
1 BB = 25%
2 Bb = 50%
1 bb = 25%
Phenotype:
ratio - 3:1
3 Brown: 75%
1 White:25%
HOpe this helps
Help please! The question is in the image below
Answer: A. The cells produced sugar and oxygen during photosynthesis
Explanation: Plants today make use of this same trait, absorbing the sun's energy and air to create food (sugar) and oxygen (as a by-product)
Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below:
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype
Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
Required:
a. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates.
b. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates.
c. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
Complete question
Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below (numbers have been slightly modified for the purposes of this worksheet).
Field Data Summary
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
1. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates. [to 3 decimal places]
2. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates. (to 3 decimal places)
3. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
4. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the dark, rocky lava substrate. (to 3 decimals). For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
5. Which fur color seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage? Use data collected from both dark-colored and light- colored substrates to support your answer.
6.What environmental change gave a selective advantage for one coat color over another?
7. In a separate study, 76 rock pocket mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock. One collecting site was in Arizona. The other three were in New Mexico. Dr. Nachman and colleagues observed no significant differences in the color of the rocks in the four locations sampled. However, the dark-colored mice from the three New Mexico locations were slightly darker than the dark-colored mice from the Arizona population. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all 76 of the mice collected. The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Arizona mice were absent from the three different populations of New Mexico mice. No Mc1r mutations were associated with dark fur color in the New Mexico populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changes have different genetic bases. How does this study support the concept that natural selection is not random?
8. To determine if the rock pocket mouse population is evolving, explain why it is necessary to collect fur color frequency data over a period of many years.
Answer:
1)
frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.74 frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.262)
frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.13 frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.873)
p² ≅ 0.02 q² ≅ 0.74 2pq ≅ 0.244)
q² = 0.13 p² = 0.4 2pq = 0.465) The dark-colored fur seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage
6) Dark lava changed the color of the substrate, from light to dark.
7) Because to produce dark color, animals from the different regions suffered different mutations that drove them to have almost the same dark fur color.
8) To see if the mice population is evolving. If it is, there will be a change in the allelic and genotypic frequencies over the years. If it is not evolving, the frequencies will keep equal through the years.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files
atmosphere is a present around the surface of the earth but it is not present around the surface of the Moon why
Answer:
tmosphere is a present around the surface of the earth but it is not present around the surface of the Moon because
This reduces the amount of gravity on the moon. Strong gravity is needed to hold an atmosphere into place. With weak gravity, gases that are emitted from the surface quickly are lost to outer space. Another reason is because the moon does not currently experience plate tectonics and geologic upwelling. Plate tectonics allows for a recycling of crust and convergence and divergence of plates occurs and this leads to volcanoes and gases escaping at the boundaries. The moon is said to be geologically dead.
Brendan made a diagram to compare and contrast the benefits of two types of social behavior.
The diagram shows 2 overlapping circles labeled Flocking and Herding. There is a z in Herding.
Which description belongs in the area marked "Z"?
reproduction
protection
foraging
hydrodynamic efficiency
please help this is an exam and its timeddddd
Answer:
Which description belongs in the area marked Z? Protection.
Explanation:
Have a great summer.
Herding is refer to as the act of bringing individual animals together into a group, maintaining the group, and moving the group from place to place or any combination of those. The description belongs in the area marked "Z" is foraging. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is flocking?A flocking is refer to as the large number of birds, especially those gathered together for the purpose of migration. For example, a large number of animals, especially sheep or goats kept together and migrate.
Foraging behavior includes all the methods by which an animal acquires and utilizes sources of energy and nutrients. This also includes the location and resources consumption, as well as their recapture and storage, within the context of the larger community.
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proteins are made where in the cell
Answer:
Ribosomes
Explanation:
In a grassland ecosystem, what advantages does a burrower have over an animal that does not burrow?
Heredity is
A. The passing of acquired traits from parents to offspring
B. The complete analysis of the fossil record
C. The passing of traits from parents to offspring
D.The relationship between humans and bacteria
146. The ATP/CP Pathway is best for which of the following activities? A. Running a marathon B. 100m sprint C. 30 minutes steady state cardio D. - Tabata workout
Answer:
100m sprint
Explanation:
The ATP/CP Pathway is best for in 100m sprint activity.
what is ATP ?Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the energy carrier in every living organisms on earth which capture and store energy metabolized from food and light sources in the form of ATP.
ATP is broken down through hydrolysis during energy required by a cell, The high energy bond is broken and removal of a phosphoryl group occurred.
The energy released from this process is used to drive various cellular processes.
ATP is constantly participates in biological reactions and central to the health and growth of all life, transfer energy from one location to another,.
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its also nice to keep a _______ in my purse
Answer:
its also nice to keep a __phone_____ in my purse
Explanation:
A bear walks into the room. In response, you run away. Trace the events that occur from the initial release of epinephrine to the release of glucose into the blood to the generation of ATP (which ultimately leads to muscle contraction). In your answer explain the processes of a. epinephrine signal transduction leading to glucose release b. cellular respiration using glucose as the substrate and generating ATP c. acetyl choline signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction d. generation of the action potential e. muscle contraction that results
Answer:
a. Epinephrine >> G protein-coupled receptor >> cAMP >> phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase >> glucose
b. Cellular respiration >> glycolysis >> pyruvate oxidation >> Krebs cycle >> acetyl CoA>> oxidative phosphorylation
c and e. Acetylcholine >> nicotinic receptors >> sodium ions (enter to the cells) >> muscular action potential >> contraction
d. Action potential >> resting potential >> potassium channels open >> sodium channels open >> threshold potential >> voltage-gated sodium channels and potassium channels open >> membrane repolarization >> resting membrane potential (steady state of the cell)
Explanation:
Epinephrine binds to G protein-coupled receptors, triggering the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP is a second messenger associated with the phosphorylation of 1-glycogen phosphorylase (GP) that breaks down glycogen (the storage form of glucose) into glucose, and 2-glycogen synthase (GS), involved in the production of glycogen (i.e., phosphorylation inhibits GS activity). On the other hand, during cellular respiration, glucose is used to synthesize ATP via three sequential steps: glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. During glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate that is subsequently oxidated into Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), generating NADH and ATP. In the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA is combined with the oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid, generating NADH, FADH2 and ATP. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are used to pump protons against an electrochemical concentration gradient, which is finally used to synthesize more ATP. On the other hand, during muscle contraction, acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors and sodium ions enter the muscle fiber, thereby generating a muscular action potential that travels across muscle cells and triggers muscle contraction when calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to the protein complex troponin by sarcomere shortening (sarcomeres are the functional units of muscle fibers). This contraction ends when Ca2+ ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (a unique organelle of endoplasmic reticulum in the sarcoplasm). On the other hand, an action potential is defined as a fast and propagating change of the resting membrane potential of neuron cells. In the resting potential, potassium ion (K+) channels open, thereby K+ ions can enter/exit inside the cell. A stimulus causes the depolarization of the cell by opening Na+ channels that enter into the neuron. At the threshold potential, more sodium channels open, thereby voltage across the membrane reaches its most positive value. Subsequently, channels begin to close and more potassium channels open. Finally, the membrane repolarizes (K+ ions leave the cell) and cells return to the resting membrane potential, i.e., the steady-state of the cell.
The probability of a white chicken and a black chicken having a checkered chicken is ________
and is an example of ________
A- 50% incomplete dominance
B- 100% co-dominance
C- 100% incomplete dominance
D- 50% co- dominance
Epinephrine causes the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase to break down glycogen within a cell. Epinephrine performs this task on intact cells, meaning cells that have a membrane (not just cell contents placed in a medium). What does this fact reveal
Answer:
The fact that it reveals is that:
Epinephrine binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase on the cell membrane and does not act on glycogen phosphorylase.
Explanation:
In cellular respiration, epinephrine is a neurotransmitter and a plasma membrane hormone receptor. It is not a lipid-derived hormone, but rather an amino acid-derived hormone. As a result, they are unable to pass through the plasma membrane of cells. They bind to receptors on the outer surface of the plasma membrane through plasma membrane hormone receptors (receptor's tyrosine kinase of the cell membrane) because they are lipid insoluble hormones.
Unlike steroid hormones, lipid insoluble hormones (epinephrine) do not directly influence glycogen phosphorylase or the target cell because they cannot enter the cell and operate directly on DNA. The activation of a signaling pathway occurs when these hormones attach to a cell surface receptor; this activates intracellular activity and performs the hormone's specific effects. Nothing crosses through the cell membrane in this fashion; the hormone that binds at the cell's surface stays at the cell's surface, while the intracellular component stays within the cell.
How is waste (and the accumulation of it) not only harming wildlife, but ourselves?
Define Vascular tissue?
Answer:
Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue found in vascular plants that is made up of several cell types. The xylem and phloem are the two main components of vascular tissue. Internally, these two tissues carry fluid and nutrients.
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Receptor binding motifs such as RGD have highly selective recognition for cell adhesion. Outline a strategy for incorporating a cell adhesive recognition domain to a biomaterial. Address the problems surrounding domain quantity, type, and affinity in your discussion.
Answer:
Explanation:
RGD stands for Arginine Glycine Aspartate and is a three-amino-acid peptide. It is the most extensively utilized adhesive peptide for adhering diverse cell types to a variety of biomaterials. Integrins, fibrinogen, osteopontin, fibronectin, and bone sialoprotein, as well as collagens and laminins, all include an RGD primary binding domain. As a result, the synthetic (artificial) peptide RGD may bind to a wide range of integrin types. The artificial RGD retains its functioning through the sterilizing and processing processes of biomaterial creation because of its recognition advantage. This feature denotes the immune reactivity and pathogen transmission during xenograft.
Affinity can be modulated by the conformation of artificial RGD. The efficacy of RGD is also determined by the in vitro deposition of cells on the surface of the material sample.
The molecular processes unravel its effectiveness throughout its use as a scaffold foundation in in-vivo models. The fact that artificial RGD cannot work well in isolation is now a major aspect that defines its activity.
It has been discovered that cells release a variety of integrin-binding proteins that are more effective in activating integrin signalling than pure RGD. As a result, most biomaterials will bind and adsorb these proteins rather than RGD. As a result, a serum-free medium is employed in the majority of in vitro research.
As a result, biomaterials are supplied with RGD as well as quasi polymers such as polyethylene glycol to reduce the variance produced by native proteins. The addition of additional amino acids to RGD based on natural sequences can increase its biological activity, which can aid in the development of new tissues and the stimulation of cellular responses and signalling.
The amino terminal endpoint of the peptide, as well as the carboxyl group of the material surface, establish a covalent connection, which binds the peptide to just the surface of its biomaterial. Cell adhesion biomaterials are made from a variety of cell adhesion materials, including poly-L-lysine, mussels adhesive protein (MAP), and outer membrane (extracellular matrix) proteins.
Because MAPS are high in Dihydroxyphenylalanine and lysine, RGD is coupled with either of these to boost its cell adhesion capability. As a result, they can also aid in the attachment to damp or moist surfaces. It may also firmly adhere to glass, metals, and plastics. The addition of thiol groups to a peptide can also aid in its orientation and boost its stability.
The gap and density of this peptide sequence and structure on the biomaterial surface may be adjusted using a micro and nanotechnology (nanoscale patterning) method, which also improves ligand binding accuracy. Cellular reactions and cell activity are also under its control. Integrin receptors have been shown to be between 9 - 12 nm in size, therefore nanoscale surface patterning is crucial.
As a result, the above methods serve as a strategy for incorporating a cell adhesion recognition domain into a biomaterial while taking into account all of the technical intervention affecting its quantity, type, and affinity to the top layer for cell adhesion as a functioning tissue rather than a monolayer.
What percent of the organisms genetic information is the same as the genetic information of the parent PLEASE HELP FASSTTTTT
Answer:
Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes, which is less than one percent of the total are slightly different between people.
Explanation:
g About how much of the energy in the producers of an ecosystem will be available to secondary consumers in this ecosystem
Answer:
10 %.
Explanation:
Only 10 % of energy in the producers of an ecosystem will be available to secondary consumers of that ecosystem while the remaining 90 % will be lost and releases in the atmosphere in the form of heat energy. In each trophic level, only 10 % of the total biomass is transferred from one trophic level to another trophic level while the remaining biomass is released in the form of heat. If the producers has 1000 calories of energy, only 100 calories will be transferred to the primary consumer.
Our hair and nail contain
Α. Protein
B Calcium
C Chlorine
D Phosphorus.
Answer:
protein
Explanation:
our hair and nail contain option ( D) protein.nails and hairs of one body's made up of follicles and matris.
In x linked recessive if the mother is carrier and father is normal and their first child is male and is affected the next child is female, how much chances are there that she will be carrier?
Answer:
A 50% chance I believe. The mother will always give the X chromosome and since the father is normal and doesn't carry that ressecive trait they can only get it from the mother. (I'm not completely sure!))
Answer:
50%. 50%. False
Step-by-step explanation:
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Gametes contain how many copies of each chromosome?
Answer:
Explanation:
each gamate carries 22 ordinary chromosome and one sex chromosome,altogether they carry 23 chromosome each.
How is editing the genetic code different from artificial selection?
A It enables humans to influence the inheritance of DNA
B It enables humans to directly change DNA
C It can only be used on animal DNA
D It is not yet possible to edit the genetic code
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
Artificial selection is influencing of inheritance of any trait . in this limited options are given to allow a species to mate and produce offspring
In genetic code editing directly genes are edited.
Hence, option B is correct
The graph shows atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over time.
Which two observations are most useful for explaining the trends in the data? Select two answer choices.
A. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have opposite effects on carbon dioxide levels.
B. Carbon is stored in solid form in shells, rocks, and sediments.
C. Atmospheric carbon dioxide may dissolve in ocean water.
D. The burning of fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
E. Activities that produce or take up carbon dioxide vary with the seasons.
Answer:
the answer is A and D
Explanation:
because yes
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are significant carbon cycle processes. The processes via which carbon is recycled in the biosphere are known as the carbon cycle. Thus, option A, D is correct.
What is the effect of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
Unlike cellular respiration, which releases carbon dioxide into the environment, photosynthesis eliminates carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
When fossil fuels are burned, a greenhouse gas called carbon dioxide is massively released into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, which trap heat in our atmosphere, are to blame for global warming.
Therefore, Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have opposite effects on carbon dioxide levels and the burning of fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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In mutualism, both organisms participating benefit from the relationship.
True or False?
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Imagine you are protesting against global warming. What would you protest sign say?
Answer:
My sign would prob say "Pretect the earth and the earth will pretect you"
Explanation:
This is not copy wright so pls don't copy mine
The diagram shows the human alimentary canal. In which parts does peristalsis take place? plss be sure abt it
Answer:
i think answer is 3 and 4
Explanation:
peristalsis is located at esophagus and in our digestive system
The parts where peristalsis will take place are ; ( C ) parts 3 and 4
Peristalsis is a series of muscle contraction occurring in the digestive system of Humans also these series of muscle contraction can be seen in tubes connecting the human kidney and bladder as well.
From the diagram parts 3 ( esophagus )and 4 ( intestines ) are part of the human digestive system and peristalsis is very evident in these regions in the human body.
Hence we can conclude that The parts where peristalsis will take place are 3 and 4
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If you live in a region that has hot, dry summers, and cool, wet winters, what climate might you live in?
A. arid
B.temperate
C.tropical
D.Mediterranean
Answer:
Mediterranean climate