The net present value (NPV) of Project Turtle is $43,289.90, while the NPV of Project Snake is -$3,449.24.
The NPV is calculated by discounting the annual cash flows of each project to their present values and subtracting the initial capital investment. To calculate the present value, the annual cash flows are divided by (1 + discount rate) raised to the power of the corresponding year. For Project Turtle, the annual cash flow of $189,000 is discounted over a 10-year period using a discount rate of 9%. The present value of each cash flow is calculated and summed up to get a total present value of $2,178,716.36. Subtracting the initial capital investment of $1,150,000 gives an NPV of $1,028,716.36.
For Project Snake, the annual cash flow of $114,000 is discounted over a 10-year period using a discount rate of 9%. The present value of each cash flow is calculated and summed up to get a total present value of $994,249.76. Subtracting the initial capital investment of $670,000 gives an NPV of $324,249.76.
Therefore, Project Turtle has a positive NPV of $1,028,716.36, indicating that it is expected to generate more value than its initial investment. On the other hand, Project Snake has a negative NPV of -$324,249.76, suggesting that it is not expected to generate sufficient value to cover its initial investment and would result in a loss.
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(A) Under a free economy, market equilibrium in the catering industry is determined by the forces of demand and supply.
Suppose ABC is a food product with its price and quantity demanded now in equilibrium and is considered to be a normal good.
All other things being equal, production technology improves which increases its supply, and at the same time, the income level of population rises making the demand change too.
Describe briefly with diagrams the change of supply, demand, and the equilibrium price. (10 marks)
The improvement in production technology leads to an increase in the supply of ABC food products, shifting the supply curve to the right.
The rise in income levels of the population results in an increase in demand for ABC, shifting the demand curve to the right as well. The equilibrium price will depend on the magnitude of the changes in supply and demand, but it is expected to decrease if the increase in supply outweighs the increase in demand or increase if the increase in demand is larger than the increase in supply. A diagram illustrating the initial equilibrium, the rightward shift in supply, and the rightward shift in demand can provide a visual representation of these changes.
In the diagram, the supply curve will shift to the right, indicating an increase in supply. The demand curve will also shift to the right, reflecting an increase in demand. The new equilibrium price will be determined at the intersection of the new supply and demand curves. The extent of the price change will depend on the relative magnitude of the shifts in supply and demand.
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The current price of a financial asset that does not generate dividends is So= 100 EUR. We assume that the price of this asset evolves in time according to a binomial model with a 6-month period. At the end of each semester, the price of the asset is expected to increase by 10% or decrease by 10%. The risk free interest rate is r = 0.04 p.a. (simple interest). (a) Find the possible asset prices at maturity T = 1. (b) Calculate the present value of a European put with strike price K = 100 EUR at T = 1.
(a) In a binomial model, the possible asset prices at maturity T = 1 can be calculated by applying the up and down factors to the initial price. Given that the asset price can increase or decrease by 10% at the end of each semester, we can calculate the possible asset prices as follows:
If the asset price increases by 10%, the new price is 100 EUR * (1 + 0.10) = 110 EUR.
If the asset price decreases by 10%, the new price is 100 EUR * (1 - 0.10) = 90 EUR.
Therefore, the possible asset prices at maturity T = 1 are 110 EUR and 90 EUR.
(b) To calculate the present value of a European put option with a strike price of 100 EUR at T = 1, we need to discount the potential payoff at maturity using the risk-free interest rate. In this case, the risk-free interest rate is 0.04 p.a. (simple interest). The put option will have a payoff of the difference between the strike price and the asset price if the asset price is below the strike price at maturity.
If the asset price is 90 EUR, the put option payoff is 100 EUR - 90 EUR = 10 EUR.
If the asset price is 110 EUR, the put option payoff is 0 EUR (since the asset price is above the strike price).
To calculate the present value, we discount the potential payoffs using the risk-free interest rate. The present value of the put option is the sum of the discounted payoffs.
Please note that without the specific details about the timing of the cash flows and the exact interest rate calculation method, a precise calculation cannot be provided. The provided information serves as a general illustration of the approach to pricing options in a binomial model.
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A. If this economy was an open economy without a
government sector , what would be the level of GDP and aggregate
expenditure ? ( 2 marks )
B. If the economy becomes an open economy with a government
Answer: The impact of the government sector on GDP and aggregate expenditure would depend on the level of government spending and taxation. Government spending can contribute to aggregate expenditure, thereby increasing GDP. Conversely, taxation can reduce household disposable income, which may lead to a decrease in consumption and overall aggregate expenditure.
Explanation:
A. In an open economy without a government sector, the level of GDP and aggregate expenditure would be determined by the total spending by households (consumption), businesses (investment), and foreign entities (exports minus imports). The formula for aggregate expenditure is AE = C + I + (X - Z), where C represents consumption, I represents investment, X represents exports, and Z represents imports.
B. When the economy becomes an open economy with a government sector, the introduction of government spending and taxation would impact the level of GDP and aggregate expenditure. Government spending is typically represented as G in the aggregate expenditure equation.
The impact of the government sector on GDP and aggregate expenditure would depend on the level of government spending and taxation. Government spending can contribute to aggregate expenditure, thereby increasing GDP. Conversely, taxation can reduce household disposable income, which may lead to a decrease in consumption and overall aggregate expenditure.
Overall, the effect of the government sector on GDP and aggregate expenditure would be determined by the specific policies implemented, the magnitude of government spending and taxation, and how individuals and businesses respond to these changes.
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Prompt Truck Company is a large trucking company that operates throughout the United States. Prompt Truck Company uses the units-of-production (UOP) method to depreciate its trucks. Prompt Truck Compa
Prompt Truck Company, a large trucking company operating in the United States, utilizes the units-of-production (UOP) method to depreciate its trucks.
The UOP method allocates depreciation expense based on the number of units produced or the mileage driven by the trucks. As the trucks are used for transportation services, the UOP method provides a more accurate representation of their wear and tear based on their actual usage. This method aligns the depreciation expense with the revenue generated by the trucks, as it reflects the wear and tear incurred in proportion to the units produced or mileage driven.By utilizing the UOP method, Prompt Truck Company can accurately allocate the depreciation expense of its trucks.
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To negotiate a higher wage rate, a union cannot
a. start with a strike and then work to reach a contract to end the strike.
b. negotiate in good faith and expect to hold its bargaining power.
c. expect to maintain the same level of employment.
d. offer a supply curve of labor that is horizontal.
To negotiate a higher wage rate, a union cannot d. offer a supply curve of labor that is horizontal.
A union cannot offer a supply curve of labor that is horizontal because it implies that the union can supply an unlimited amount of labor at a fixed wage rate. In reality, the supply of labor is not infinite, and there are limits to how much labor the union can provide at a given wage rate.
Negotiating a higher wage rate requires a strategic approach from the union. Starting with a strike and then working to reach a contract can be a tactic employed by a union to put pressure on the employer and demonstrate their bargaining power.
Expecting to maintain the same level of employment can be a concern when negotiating for higher wages. Unions need to carefully consider the potential impact on employment levels during wage negotiations.
Therefore, a union cannot offer a supply curve of labor that is horizontal.
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Prance, Inc., earned pretax book net income of $829,000 in 2020. Prance acquired a depreciable asset that year, and first-year tax depreciation exceeded book depreciation by $82,900. Prance reported no other temporary or permanent book-tax differences. The pertinent U.S. Federal corporate income tax rate is 21%, and Prance earned an after-tax rate of return on capital of 8%. Enter below Prance's 2020 deferred tax expense and any deferred tax asset or liability. If required, round your answer to nearest whole value. Balance Sheet Deferred tax liability Deferred tax expense Prance's total tax expense will consist of the following: Current tax expense Deferred tax expense Total tax expense Income Statement
Prance's 2020 deferred tax expense is $17,409, and it has a deferred tax liability of $17,409.
To calculate the deferred tax expense, we need to consider the temporary difference between book depreciation and tax depreciation. In this case, the first-year tax depreciation exceeded book depreciation by $82,900. Assuming a tax rate of 21%, the deferred tax expense can be calculated as follows:
Deferred tax expense = Temporary difference × Tax rate
= $82,900 × 21%
= $17,409
Therefore, Prance's 2020 deferred tax expense is $17,409.
Since the deferred tax expense is positive, it indicates the creation of a deferred tax liability. This liability represents the future tax consequences that will arise when the temporary difference reverses.
Prance's total tax expense will consist of both the current tax expense and the deferred tax expense. However, the question does not provide information about the current tax expense. Hence, we cannot determine the total tax expense without the current tax expense figure. The income statement would provide the necessary details for calculating the total tax expense.
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Some first time house buyers are most concerned with financial
services (e.g., mortgage, house loan). Explain this in terms of the
total product concept.
The concept of the total product is a marketing strategy that covers the full spectrum of a product's advantages and disadvantages in order to fulfil consumers' needs and wants. The total product concept can be described as the combination of all features that come with a product.
In this article, we will examine the significance of the total product concept in terms of financial services such as mortgage and house loans for first-time home buyers. Financial services are necessary for people who want to buy homes but do not have the financial means to do so. Mortgages and house loans are two of the most popular and widely used financial services.
In terms of the total product concept, these financial services must have specific features to meet the requirements of first-time home buyers. This includes both the tangible and intangible benefits offered. Tangible benefits would include the rate of interest offered, repayment period, down payment, and prepayment options. Intangible benefits would include the ability to make additional payments, customer service, and ease of application.
All these features are important for first-time buyers in choosing their financial services, as they are the determining factors of the perceived value of the product. Consequently, when financial institutions are offering mortgages and house loans, they must consider these features as important factors that contribute to the total value of the product. Therefore, understanding and meeting the needs of first-time home buyers is essential for financial institutions to retain their customers and remain competitive.
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Riverbed Corp. issues 690 shares of $2 par value common stock and 330 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for a lump sum of $135,800.
(a)
Prepare the journal entry for the issuance when the market price of the common shares is $140 each and market price of the preferred is $140 each. (Round intermediate calculations to 6 decimal places, e.g. 1.284379 and final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,125. Cre
The journal entry for the issuance of 690 shares of $2 par value common stock and 330 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for a lump sum of $135,800 when the market price of the common shares and preferred shares is $140 each can be prepared.
The issuance of stock for a lump sum involves allocating the total lump sum amount to the respective stock classes based on their par value and market value.
To prepare the journal entry, we need to determine the allocation of the lump sum amount to common stock and preferred stock based on their par value and market price.
The par value of the common stock is $2, and the par value of the preferred stock is $100. The market price of both the common and preferred shares is $140 each.
First, we calculate the total par value for the common stock: 690 shares * $2 par value = $1,380.
Next, we calculate the total par value for the preferred stock: 330 shares * $100 par value = $33,000.
Now, we need to allocate the remaining amount to the common and preferred stock based on their market prices.
The total lump sum amount is $135,800. We subtract the total par value of both stock classes from the lump sum amount: $135,800 - ($1,380 + $33,000) = $101,420.
To allocate the remaining amount, we need to determine the ratio between the market price of each stock class and the total market price:
Common stock market price / Total market price = $140 / ($140 + $140) = 0.5
Preferred stock market price / Total market price = $140 / ($140 + $140) = 0.5
Now, we can allocate the remaining amount to each stock class:
Common stock: 0.5 * $101,420 = $50,710
Preferred stock: 0.5 * $101,420 = $50,710
The journal entry to record the issuance would be as follows:
Cash $135,800
Common Stock $50,710
Preferred Stock $50,710
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par - Common $650
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par - Preferred $50,000
The cash account is debited for the total lump sum amount received. The common stock and preferred stock accounts are credited for their respective par values. The remaining amount is allocated to paid-in capital in excess of par for each stock class.
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CASE NO#2- PERIODIC INVENTORY SYSTEM - INVENTORY VALUATION METHODS Pardo, a chain of "general merchandise stores" and the largest of its type in UAE. The company follows Perpetual Inventory System. Th
a) Cost of goods sold: 44,820 OMR; Ending inventory value: 14,700 OMR (calculated using the Weighted Average Method with periodic inventory system).
a) To compute the cost of goods sold using the Weighted Average Method, we need to calculate the weighted average cost per unit. We first determine the total cost of goods available for sale by summing the opening inventory and purchases. Then we calculate the weighted average cost per unit by dividing the total cost by the total quantity available for sale. Multiplying the weighted average cost per unit by the quantity sold gives us the cost of goods sold. The ending inventory value is calculated by multiplying the remaining quantity of inventory by the weighted average cost per unit.
b) Journal entries:
- January 6:
Inventory - Dr: 78,400 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 78,400 OMR (record the purchase of 4,700 units at 16 OMR per unit)
- January 11:
Inventory - Dr: 56,000 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 56,000 OMR (record the purchase of 3,500 units at 16 OMR per unit)
- January 12:
Inventory - Dr: 79,900 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 79,900 OMR (record the purchase of 4,700 units at 17 OMR per unit)
- January 20:
Inventory - Dr: 32,400 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 32,400 OMR (record the purchase of 1,800 units at 18 OMR per unit)
- January 22:
Inventory - Dr: 28,500 OMR
Accounts Payable - Cr: 28,500 OMR (record the purchase of 1,500 units at 19 OMR per unit)
- January 9:
Cost of Goods Sold - Dr: 23,800 OMR
Inventory - Cr: 23,800 OMR (record the sale of 1,400 units)
- January 14:
Cost of Goods Sold - Dr: 40,000 OMR
Inventory - Cr: 40,000 OMR (record the sale of 2,500 units)
- January 24:
Cost of Goods Sold - Dr: 8,400 OMR
Inventory - Cr: 8,400 OMR (record the sale of 700 units)
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The complete question is: CASE NO#2- PERIODIC INVENTORY SYSTEM - INVENTORY VALUATION METHODS
Pardo, a chain of "general merchandise stores" and the largest of its type in UAE. The company follows the Perpetual Inventory System. The company furnishes the following information for the month of January 2022: (Please find attached)
You are required to compute:
a) The amount of Cost of goods sold and Ending Inventory Value based on Weighted Average Method using periodic inventory system.
b) Prepare the Journal entries based on Weighted Average Method using periodic inventory system.
Suppose you are a pricing analyst for a big software company. You
have two types of clients who use your product. Type A’s inverse
demand is P = 100 – 6Q, where Q is users and P is in dollars. Type
B’s inverse demand is P = 86 – 3.5Q. Assume the constant
marginal cost of supplying software is 16 or MC = 16.
A. What price do you charge each type?
B. What is total producer surplus?
C. If the firm charges $58 per user for a package where the buyer can purchase any quantity she wishes and a price of $51 for any buyer willing to purchase 10 or more units, will this pricing strategy be incentive compatible?
The correct option is A. To determine the price for each type of client, we need to find the quantity where the marginal cost (MC) equals the inverse demand equation for each type.
For Type A:
MC = P = 100 - 6Q
16 = 100 - 6Q
6Q = 100 - 16
6Q = 84
Q = 14
Substituting the quantity back into the inverse demand equation:
P = 100 - 6(14)
P = 100 - 84
P = 16
Therefore, for Type A clients, the price should be $16 per user.
For Type B:
MC = P = 86 - 3.5Q
16 = 86 - 3.5Q
3.5Q = 86 - 16
3.5Q = 70
Q = 20
Substituting the quantity back into the inverse demand equation:
P = 86 - 3.5(20)
P = 86 - 70
P = 16
Therefore, for Type B clients, the price should also be $16 per user.
B. To calculate the total producer surplus, we need to find the area between the marginal cost curve and the demand curve for each type and sum them.
For Type A:
Producer Surplus A = (1/2) * (P - MC) * Q
Producer Surplus A = (1/2) * (16 - 16) * 14
Producer Surplus A = 0
For Type B:
Producer Surplus B = (1/2) * (P - MC) * Q
Producer Surplus B = (1/2) * (16 - 16) * 20
Producer Surplus B = 0
Total Producer Surplus = Producer Surplus A + Producer Surplus B
Total Producer Surplus = 0 + 0
Total Producer Surplus = 0
C. The pricing strategy mentioned will not be incentive compatible because it allows buyers who purchase 10 or more units to pay a lower price per unit ($51) compared to the regular price of $58 per unit. This creates a price discrepancy that may incentivize buyers to split their purchases into multiple transactions of fewer than 10 units to take advantage of the lower price. Therefore, the pricing strategy does not align incentives for buyers to make their optimal purchasing decisions.
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If households, businesses, and government buy more than businesses have produced, O a. there will be a decrease in total output. O b. the economy is in equilibrium. O c. total expenditures are greater than total production. d. there will be an increase in inventory.
Option (C), If households, businesses, and government buy more than businesses have produced, then the total expenditures are greater than total production.
When the total expenditure is greater than the total production, it leads to a situation of overspending. Households, businesses, and government can spend only the amount that is available. But when they spend more than what is available, it creates an imbalance in the economy. It means that there is not enough production to support the level of spending that is taking place.
As a result, businesses would have to increase their production to meet the rising demand. This can be achieved by using existing inventories or increasing their capacity to produce. However, if businesses are unable to do so, then the economy would experience a decline in output. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Total expenditures are greater than total production.
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Besides focusing on controlling critical inflows and outflows, a contingency plan needs to also include identification of specific strategies for cutting costs as well as the possible A) sale of the business B) aggressive expansion to counteract the downturn C) changing the company name D) restructuring of the venture
In addition to controlling critical inflows and outflows, a comprehensive contingency plan should consider several strategies for adapting to challenging circumstances. Strategies such as Sale of business, Aggressive expansion to counteract the downturn, Changing the company name, Restructuring of the venture allow businesses to adapt to changing market conditions and mitigate the negative impacts of a downturn. These strategies may include:
A) Sale of the business: If the financial situation becomes dire, selling the business could be a viable option to recoup investments and minimize losses. This would involve finding a suitable buyer and negotiating a fair deal.
B) Aggressive expansion to counteract the downturn: In some cases, a downturn in the market can present opportunities for growth. By identifying niches or segments that are less affected by the downturn, a company could pursue aggressive expansion in those areas to offset the decline in other sectors.
C) Changing the company name: Sometimes, a company's reputation or brand image may be associated with negative factors that hinder its success. In such cases, rebranding and changing the company name can help to shed any negative connotations and attract new customers or investors.
D) Restructuring of the venture: A downturn may call for a restructuring of the company's operations, organizational structure, or even its product/service offerings. By streamlining processes, reducing overhead costs, or diversifying the product line, a company can become more agile and better positioned to weather the downturn.
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If $500 is invested at an interest rate of 4.5% per year, find the amount of the investment at the end of 10 years for the following compounding methods. (Round your answers to the nearest cent.)
(a) Annually
$
(b) Semiannually
$
(c) Quarterly
$
(d) Continuously
$
Given that $500 is invested at an interest rate of 4.5% per year. We have to find the amount of the investment at the end of 10 years for the given compounding methods.
(a) Annually
The formula to calculate the amount of investment annually is: A=P(1+r/n)nt Where, P= $500 r=4.5% = 0.045t= 10 years n= 1 (Annually)A= Amount of investment.
On substituting the given values, we get A= $500(1+0.045/1)1*10 = $739.58Therefore, the amount of investment at the end of 10 years compounded annually is $739.58(b) Semiannually The formula to calculate the amount of investment semiannually is: A=P(1+r/n)nt Where, P= $500 r=4.5% = 0.045t= 10 years n= 2 (Semiannually)A= Amount of investment.
On substituting the given values, we get A= $500(1+0.045/2)2*10 = $745.32Therefore, the amount of investment at the end of 10 years compounded semiannually is $745.32(c) Quarterly The formula to calculate the amount of investment quarterly is: A=P(1+r/n)nt Where, P= $500 r=4.5% = 0.045t= 10 years n= 4 (Quarterly)A= Amount of investment.
On substituting the given values, we get A= $500(1+0.045/4)4*10 = $748.96Therefore, the amount of investment at the end of 10 years compounded quarterly is $748.96(d) Continuously The formula to calculate the amount of investment continuously is: A= P e^(rt)Where, P= $500 r=4.5% = 0.045t= 10 years A= Amount of investment. e= exponential function = 2.71828On substituting the given values, we get A= $500*e^(0.045*10) = $785.05Therefore, the amount of investment at the end of 10 years compounded continuously is $785.05.
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Suppose there is a monopolist manufacturer in the wholesale market with a marginal cost at 30, MCM-30, and no fixed cost. There is also a monopolist retailer in the retail market with the retail demand equation: p=110- q. The manufacturer first chooses the wholesale price w, and after observing w the retailer chooses the retail price p. And they work separately from each other. A. Find the Nash equilibrium. B. Find each firm's profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare at equilibrium. C. If the manufacturer and the retailer are integrated, find the new total profit and the consumer surplus. D. Suppose the manufacturer and the retailer are still separate from each other. But they can sign a franchise contract so that (1) their total profit can be increased to the level of integration case; and (2) the manufacturer's profit will triple the retailer's profit, лM-3лR. How to design this franchise contract? E. Suppose another retailer enters the retail market and engages in the Bertrand competition with the original retailer. The monopolist manufacturer charges these two retailers the same wholesale price w, and then the retailers choose their respective retail prices p₁, p2, in the retail market. The manufacturer's cost and the retail demand remain the same as in part A. Find the new Nash equilibrium.
A. Find the Nash equilibrium. The Nash equilibrium occurs when both the manufacturer and the retailer choose their optimal strategies, taking into account the other's decision.
In this scenario, the manufacturer sets the wholesale price, and the retailer sets the retail price. The Nash equilibrium can be found by solving the game between the two players.
To find the Nash equilibrium, we need to consider the profit-maximizing strategies of both the manufacturer and the retailer. The manufacturer aims to maximize its profit by setting the wholesale price (w), while the retailer aims to maximize its profit by setting the retail price (p) after observing the wholesale price.
The manufacturer's profit function can be calculated as: πM = (w - 30) * q, where q represents the quantity sold.
The retailer's profit function can be calculated as: πR = (p - w) * q, using the retail demand equation p = 110 - q.
To find the Nash equilibrium, we need to solve the optimization problem for both the manufacturer and the retailer simultaneously, considering their profit functions. The equilibrium will be reached when neither the manufacturer nor the retailer can improve their profit by unilaterally changing their strategy.
By solving the optimization problem and finding the values of w and p that maximize the respective profit functions, we can identify the Nash equilibrium.
B. Find each firm's profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare at equilibrium.
At the Nash equilibrium, we can determine the profit of each firm, consumer surplus, and social welfare.
The manufacturer's profit (πM) can be calculated by substituting the equilibrium values of w and p into the manufacturer's profit function.
The retailer's profit (πR) can be calculated by substituting the equilibrium values of w and p into the retailer's profit function.
Consumer surplus represents the benefit received by consumers in terms of the difference between the maximum price they are willing to pay and the actual price they pay. It can be calculated as the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price (p).
Social welfare is the sum of the profits of both the manufacturer and the retailer, along with the consumer surplus.
By substituting the equilibrium values of w and p into the respective formulas, we can calculate the profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare at the Nash equilibrium.
C. If the manufacturer and the retailer are integrated, find the new total profit and the consumer surplus.
If the manufacturer and the retailer are integrated, they act as a single entity and make joint decisions. In this case, they can coordinate their strategies to maximize the overall profit.
To find the new total profit and consumer surplus, we would need to consider the joint profit-maximizing strategy of the integrated entity. The entity would optimize the wholesale price (w) and the retail price (p) simultaneously to maximize their joint profit.
By solving the optimization problem considering the integrated entity's profit function, we can determine the new total profit and the consumer surplus.
D. Suppose the manufacturer and the retailer are still separate from each other, but they can sign a franchise contract so that (1) their total profit can be increased to the level of integration case; and (2) the manufacturer's profit will triple the retailer's profit (|M| = 3|R|). How to design this franchise contract?
To design the franchise contract, the manufacturer and retailer can negotiate terms that align their incentives and achieve the desired profit-sharing arrangement. Here's a possible approach:
Define the profit-sharing ratio: Let the retailer's profit be R. To triple the retailer's profit, the manufacturer's profit would be 3R. They can agree on a profit-sharing ratio, such as 1:3, where the manufacturer receives three times the retailer's profit.
Determine the franchise fee: The retailer pays the manufacturer
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Standards-variance analysis cost control system can be applied to non-manufacturing businesses, provided that they use repetitive activities to produce a common product or service. a Based on your own real-life experience, describe and discuss a non-manufacturing (service) business that could benefit from the use of standards. Also explain how standards would help that business control its operations.
Standards-variance analysis cost control system can be applied to non-manufacturing businesses, provided that they use repetitive activities to produce a common product or service.
One of the non-manufacturing service businesses that can benefit from the use of standards is a catering company.A catering company is a service business that can benefit from the use of standards. Standards provide a method for a catering company to control the quality of its products and services. Standards allow the catering company to maintain consistent and uniform quality across all of its offerings. This consistency helps to build customer loyalty, which is essential to the success of a catering company.Standards can help a catering company to control its operations in several ways. First, standards provide a benchmark against which performance can be measured. By setting standards for the quality of its products and services, a catering company can determine whether it is meeting its objectives. If performance is below the standard, the company can take corrective action to improve its operations.Second, standards provide a basis for cost control. By setting standards for the cost of its products and services, a catering company can determine whether it is operating efficiently. If costs are above the standard, the company can take corrective action to reduce costs and improve profitability.Finally, standards provide a basis for continuous improvement. By measuring performance against standards, a catering company can identify areas for improvement and take action to make changes. This helps the company to stay competitive and adapt to changing market conditions.In conclusion, a catering company is a non-manufacturing service business that can benefit from the use of standards. Standards help the company to control the quality of its products and services, control costs, and continuously improve its operations.
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Murray Goulburn Dairy
Introduction
Company Background
Industry/Sector Background
Can you please write about this in 1000 words?
Murray Goulburn Dairy (MG) is an Australian dairy company. The company was established in 1950 as the Murray Goulburn Co-operative. The Australian dairy industry is one of the largest agricultural sectors in the country. Dairy is an important part of the Australian economy, generating billions of dollars in revenue each year.
What is Murray Goulburn Dairy?Murray Goulburn Dairy (MG) is an Australian dairy company that produces and distributes dairy products such as cheese, milk powder, butter, and cream. The company was established in 1950 as the Murray Goulburn Co-operative and has since grown to become the largest milk processor in Australia.
Murray Goulburn Dairy Background: The Murray Goulburn Co-operative was established in 1950 by a group of dairy farmers in Victoria. The company aimed to provide a stable and secure market for the members' milk and reduce the influence of intermediaries in the dairy industry. In 1958, Murray Goulburn became Australia's first cooperative to export milk powder to the United Kingdom.
In 2015, Murray Goulburn Dairy converted to a public company and was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. This move was seen as a significant shift for the cooperative and its members. The move aimed to give the cooperative access to capital and improve its market position in the Australian dairy industry.
However, in 2016, Murray Goulburn announced that it had to cut milk prices paid to farmers, which triggered a massive public outcry. The company cited a weak market as the reason for the cut. This move led to a lot of farmers leaving the company, and it also led to several class-action lawsuits against Murray Goulburn by farmers.
The Murray Goulburn Dairy Company Industry/Sector Background: The Australian dairy industry is one of the largest agricultural sectors in the country. Dairy is an important part of the Australian economy, generating billions of dollars in revenue each year. The industry is highly competitive, with many players in the market, including large multinational companies.
Murray Goulburn Dairy has had a significant impact on the Australian dairy industry since its establishment. As the largest milk processor in the country, the company has been a major player in the industry, with its products being sold both domestically and internationally.
However, recent events have shown that the company is not immune to the challenges facing the industry, such as low milk prices and increasing competition from other players.
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Question B4: Assume a team that played in the English League First Division (Tier 3) is relegated to the English League Second Division (Tier 4) at the end of a particular season. It is known that relegation from Tier 3 to Tier 4 reduces spectator attendance by 25%. Use an appropriate partial equilibrium diagram to illustrate the impact of this relegation on the labour market for the club's professional footballers in the following season. What are the key implications of this analysis? Outline clearly any assumptions you make when undertaking your analysis. [10 marks]
The relegation of a football team from Tier 3 to Tier 4 in the English league has implications for the labor market of the club's professional footballers.
The relegation of a football team from Tier 3 to Tier 4 implies a decline in the team's performance and a subsequent decrease in spectator attendance. This reduction in attendance directly affects the club's revenue and financial capacity to invest in professional footballers. Using a partial equilibrium diagram for the labor market, we can observe the impact on the demand for and wages of the club's professional footballers.
The diagram will show a leftward shift in the demand curve for players, indicating a decrease in demand due to the lower financial resources available to the club. As a result, the equilibrium wage rate for professional footballers in the club is likely to decline. This means that players may face lower wages and potentially reduced job opportunities as the club adjusts to its new financial situation.
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Lewis and Stark is a public accounting firm that offers two primary services, auditing and tax-return preparation. A controversy has developed between the partners of the two service lines as to who is contributing the greater amount to the bottom line. The area of contention is the assignment of overhead. The tax partners argue for assigning overhead on the basis of 40% of direct labor dollars, while the audit partners argue for implementing activity-based costing. The partners agree to use next year's budgeted data for purposes of analysis and comparison. The following overhead data are collected to develop the comparison. Estimated Use of Cost Drivers per Service Estimated Use of Cost Drivers Activity Cost Pools Cost Drivers Estimated Overhead Audit Tax Employee training Direct labor dollars $213,000 $1,775,000 $1,196,000 $579,000 Number of reports/forms 76,400 1,700 Typing and secretarial Computing 2,500 60,000 800 27,000 Number of minutes 193,200 33,000 Facility rental Number of employees 146,000 40 22 18 Travel Per expense reports 81,400 Direct 56,000 25,300 $710,000 Using activity-based costing, prepare a schedule showing the computations of the activity-based overhead rates (per cost driver). (Round overhead rates to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.) Estimated Overhead Activity Cost Pools Expected Use of Cost Drivers per Activity Activity-Based Overhead Rates Employee training $ $ Direct labor dollars $ per DL dollar Typing and secretarial Reports/forms $ per report/form Computing Minutes per minute Facility rental Employees per employee Travel Direct $ $ $ Direct
Previous question
To calculate the activity-based overhead rates using the data provided, we need to divide the estimated overhead for each activity cost pool by its corresponding cost driver.
Employee training:
Activity-Based Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead / Expected Use of Cost Drivers
Employee training overhead rate = $213,000 / $1,775,000
Direct labor dollars:
Activity-Based Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead / Expected Use of Cost Drivers
Direct labor dollars overhead rate = $1,196,000 / $579,000
Typing and secretarial:
Activity-Based Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead / Expected Use of Cost Drivers
Typing and secretarial overhead rate = $2,500 / 60,000
Computing:
Activity-Based Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead / Expected Use of Cost Drivers
Computing overhead rate = $800 / 27,000
Facility rental:
Activity-Based Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead / Expected Use of Cost Drivers
Facility rental overhead rate = $146,000 / 40
Travel (Direct):
Activity-Based Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead / Expected Use of Cost Drivers
Travel overhead rate (Direct) = $56,000 / 25,300
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Debt Investments. On January 1, 2015, Ellison Company purchased 12% bonds, having a maturity value of $800,000, for $860,652. The bonds provide the bondholders with a 10% yield. They are dated January 1, 2015, and mature January 1, 2020, with interest receivable December 31 of each year. Ellison's business model is to hold these bonds to collect contractual cash flows.
A bond is a debt investment where the investor loans money to an entity such as a company or government organization at a fixed interest rate for a predetermined period of time.
In this case, the 12% bonds purchased by Ellison Company with a maturity value of $800,000 are a type of debt investment. Bondholders are entitled to receive interest payments in exchange for their investment. In this case, the bonds provide bondholders with a 10% yield. The bonds were dated January 1, 2015, and will mature on January 1, 2020, with interest receivable on December 31 of each year. Ellison's business model is to hold these bonds to collect contractual cash flows. In other words, Ellison Company intends to keep the bonds until they reach maturity in order to receive all of the interest payments and the face value of the bond at maturity.
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"
SHE BOUGHT ME BRUNCH OF FOOD WHEN SHE TRALVEL IN INDO. IT'S SO
TOUCHED"
can i say this if i want to tell about an international friend who bought me food and expressed his gratitude for the gift
Yes, you can say "SHE BOUGHT ME BRUNCH OF FOOD WHEN SHE TRAVELLED IN INDO. IT'S SO TOUCHING" if you want to tell about an international friend who bought you food and expressed their gratitude for a gift.
You could elaborate on the circumstances and how the gesture made you feel.
For example, you could say: "During my friend's trip to Indonesia, she treated me to brunch as a way of expressing her gratitude for a gift I had given her. Her kind gesture not only provided me with a delicious meal but also made me feel appreciated and valued as a friend. It was a touching moment that I will always remember." It provides additional information and personal insight into the situation.
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Show step-by-step solution
Give the effective annual interest rate.
a. 4.65% compounded semiannually
b. 13.45% compounded quarterly
a. 4.65% compounded semiannually: The formula for effective annual interest rate (EAR) is:
EAR=(1+R/m)^m – 1
where R is the nominal annual interest rate and m is the number of compounding periods per year.
To find the effective annual interest rate for 4.65% compounded semiannually, we can use the above formula:
EAR=(1+R/m)^m – 1
EAR=(1+0.0465/2)^2 – 1
EAR=(1.02325)^2 – 1
EAR=0.0477 or 4.77%
The formula for effective annual interest rate (EAR) is:
EAR=(1+R/m)^m – 1
where R is the nominal annual interest rate and m is the number of compounding periods per year.
a. 4.65% compounded semiannually
To find the effective annual interest rate for 4.65% compounded semiannually, we can use the above formula:
EAR=(1+R/m)^m – 1
EAR=(1+0.0465/2)^2 – 1
EAR=(1.02325)^2 – 1
EAR=0.0477 or 4.77%
Thus, the effective annual interest rate is 4.77%.b. 13.45% compounded quarterly
To find the effective annual interest rate for 13.45% compounded quarterly, we can use the same formula:
EAR=(1+R/m)^m – 1
EAR=(1+0.1345/4)^4 – 1
EAR=(1.033625)^4 – 1
EAR=0.1447 or 14.47%
Thus, the effective annual interest rate is 14.47%.
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If the price level is P₁ in one year and P2 in the next year, the inflation rate from one year to the next is calculated as Select one: © a. [(P. - P/Pq] x 100. O b. (P2-P₁) × 100. Oc. (P2P1/P�
The correct formula to calculate the inflation rate from one year to the next is:
Inflation Rate = [(P₂ - P₁) / P₁] × 100
where:
P₁ represents the price level in the initial year
P₂ represents the price level in the subsequent year
The inflation rate is a measure that indicates the percentage change in the general level of prices for goods and services over a specific period of time, typically a year. It reflects the rate at which the purchasing power of a currency is eroded due to rising prices.
By subtracting the initial price level (P₁) from the subsequent price level (P₂), and dividing the result by the initial price level (P₁), we obtain the relative change in prices. Multiplying this value by 100 gives us the percentage change, which represents the inflation rate.
Option b: (P₂ - P₁) × 100 is the correct formula for calculating the inflation rate.
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: QUESTION 10 The cost of education, professional athletes' pay, and medical services rise faster than the rate of goods and services because their average productivity has remained the same. True False
True . The statement is true that the cost of education, professional athletes' pay, and medical services rise faster than the rate of goods and services because their average productivity has remained the same.
The statement is true because the cost of education, professional athletes' pay, and medical services are based on specialized skills and knowledge which are not affected by the same factors that impact the productivity of other goods and services. Therefore, the prices for these services rise faster than the rate of inflation.
The cost of education, professional athletes' pay, and medical services are often cited as examples of goods and services whose prices rise faster than the rate of inflation. This is because these goods and services are based on specialized skills and knowledge that are not easily replicated or affected by the same factors that impact the productivity of other goods and services. For example, the cost of education continues to rise because the demand for skilled labor continues to increase, while the supply of highly skilled workers remains relatively constant. This results in higher prices for educational services. Similarly, the pay for professional athletes continues to rise because the demand for entertainment continues to increase, while the number of highly skilled athletes remains relatively constant. This results in higher prices for professional sports services.
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Yesterday’s variance of Microsoft stock was 0.09. During the day, the asset’s price fell from $88.00 to $80.50. Using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model with a parameter λ = 0.94, calculate the new volatility estimate.
Using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model with a parameter λ = 0.94, we can calculate the new volatility estimate for Microsoft stock based on the given information. The previous day's variance was 0.09, and the price of the asset fell from $88.00 to $80.50. By applying the EWMA formula, we can determine the updated volatility estimate.
The EWMA model is commonly used to estimate volatility in financial markets. It assigns greater weight to recent observations while gradually decreasing the weight of older observations. The formula for calculating the EWMA is:
New Volatility Estimate = λ * (Previous Day's Variance) + (1 - λ) * (Price Change)^2
In this case, the previous day's variance is 0.09, and the price change is $88.00 - $80.50 = $7.50. Plugging these values into the formula with λ = 0.94, we can calculate the new volatility estimate.
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C. IOI's shares are currently selling at RM 8 and you knew that the price of an IOI's share is expected to fall to RM 6.50 in three day's time. As an opportunist, you want to take advantage of the fall in price by using 'short selling' method. If you borrow 5 lots of IOI'S share from the broker, show your net profit if your prediction is right. (4 marks) d. You would like to speculate on a rise in the price of a certain stock. The current stock price is RM40, and a three-month call option with a strike price of RM45 cost RM3. You have RM60,000 to invest. Identify two alternative strategies, one involving an investment in stock and the other involving in option. What are the potential gains and losses from each if: i) Price goes up to RM50. (4 marks) ii) Price goes down to RM 35. (4 marks) (Total: 25 marks) C. IOI's shares are currently selling at RM 8 and you knew that the price of an IOI's share is expected to fall to RM 6.50 in three day's time. As an opportunist, you want to take advantage of the fall in price by using 'short selling' method. If you borrow 5 lots of IOI'S share from the broker, show your net profit if your prediction is right. (4 marks) d. You would like to speculate on a rise in the price of a certain stock. The current stock price is RM40, and a three-month call option with a strike price of RM45 cost RM3. You have RM60,000 to invest. Identify two alternative strategies, one involving an investment in stock and the other involving in option. What are the potential gains and losses from each if: i) Price goes up to RM50. (4 marks) ii) Price goes down to RM 35. (4 marks) (Total: 25 marks) b. The mood on MariBank very bullish when they propose to acquire HengBank at RM 4.26 billion. The proposed acquisition will see MariBank emerge as the single largest shareholder in HengBank. Most analysts and stock broking firms believe that the stock price would continue to rise. To bet on this expectation, Rizal Hidayat buys 1500 units of MariBank September RM 8.00 call option for 50 sen. Currently the shares are traded at RM 9.50. Identify: Type of option. (1 mark) Underlying asset. (1 mark) Exercise price. (1 mark) IV. Calculate the profit if the holder expectation is accurate. (4 marks) IOI's shares are currently selling at RM 8 and you knew that the price of an IOI's share is expected to fall to RM 6.50 in three day's time. As an opportunist, you want to take advantage of the fall in price by using 'short selling method. If you ii.
Short selling is a trading technique used by speculators who believe that the price of a stock or security will decline in the future.
It entails selling borrowed securities and repurchasing them at a lower price, profiting from the price difference. A speculator who wants to profit from a short sale borrows stock from a broker and sells it on the market with the expectation that the price will decline before the stock must be returned to the broker. In this case, you want to take advantage of the fall in IOI's share price from RM 8 to RM 6.50 by short selling 5 lots of IOI'S share from the broker. Each lot consists of 100 shares. If the price of an IOI's share falls to RM 6.50, the profit would be as follows: Net Profit = [(Initial selling price - Final buying price) × Total number of shares sold] - Interest on borrowed shares. Initially, the total amount of shares borrowed will be 5 lots × 100 shares/lot = 500 shares. Initial Selling price of IOI's shares = RM 8Final Buying price of IOI's shares = RM 6.50Therefore, Net Profit = [(RM 8 - RM 6.50) × 500] - Interest on borrowed shares = RM 750
The net profit earned would be RM 750 if the price of IOI's share falls to RM 6.50 in three days time. This would be a profitable trade for the speculator.
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George Sr. has preferences over frozen bananas (b) and ice cream sandwiches (i), with $60 to spend on the two goods. The market price of ice cream sandwiches is currently $3. However, if he purchases a membership to Bulk Co. (a retailer similar to Sam's Club) for $10, he can purchase ice cream sandwiches for $2. Alas, Bulk Co. does not sell frozen bananas and can only be bought at a price of $1. a) Write down the mathematical expression describing George Sr.'s budget constraint for two sep- arate cases. In the first, he does not buy the Bulk Co. membership, but in the second he does. Very carefully, graph both budget constraints on the same diagram with bananas on the horizon- tal axis and ice cream sandwiches on the vertical axis, again labeling all slopes and intercepts. A clear illustration will help you with the following subquestions. b) Assume for now that George's preferences satisfy the standard consumer theory assumptions: they are monotonic, he has diminishing marginal rate of substitution, etc. Can you say for certain George Sr. will choose to buy the Bulk Co. membership? Make reference to your graph from part (a) if needed. c) After performing some market research, we learn that George Sr.'s preferences can be described as Ug(9b, qi) = min{2qb, qi}. Assuming George is a utility-maximizing consumer, will he purchase the Bulk Co. membership? what info do you need?
George Sr.'s budget constraint without the Bulk Co. membership is described by the equation: 60 = 3i + b, where i represents the quantity of ice cream sandwiches and b represents the quantity of frozen bananas. With the Bulk Co. membership, his budget constraint becomes: 60 - 10 = 2i + b, considering the lower price of ice cream sandwiches at $2. By graphing both budget constraints, we can analyze George Sr.'s purchasing decision.
With standard consumer theory assumptions, we cannot determine for certain whether he will choose to buy the Bulk Co. membership. However, after learning George Sr.'s preferences, described by Ug(9b, qi) = min{2qb, qi}, we can determine if he will purchase the membership.
(a) George Sr.'s budget constraint without the Bulk Co. membership is represented by the equation 60 = 3i + b, where 60 is his total budget, 3 is the price of ice cream sandwiches, i is the quantity of ice cream sandwiches, and b is the quantity of frozen bananas. When he purchases the membership, the budget constraint becomes 50 = 2i + b, considering the discounted price of $2 for ice cream sandwiches. Graphing these two budget constraints on the same diagram, with bananas on the horizontal axis and ice cream sandwiches on the vertical axis, allows us to visualize the feasible combinations of the two goods. The intercepts and slopes of the budget constraints can be labeled accordingly.
(b) With the standard consumer theory assumptions, we cannot definitively determine whether George Sr. will choose to buy the Bulk Co. membership. It depends on his individual preferences and utility function, which are not provided in the question. The graph from part (a) can help analyze his decision by identifying the feasible combinations of goods under each budget constraint.
(c) Given George Sr.'s utility function Ug(9b, qi) = min{2qb, qi}, where Ug represents his utility, 9b represents the quantity of frozen bananas, and qi represents the quantity of ice cream sandwiches, we can determine if he will purchase the Bulk Co. membership. However, additional information is needed, specifically the specific values of utility associated with different combinations of goods. By comparing the utility-maximizing combinations of goods under each budget constraint, we can determine whether George Sr. will choose to buy the Bulk Co. membership based on his preference for the quantity of goods and the utility he derives from them.
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Determine whether the costs in the table are variable, fixed, mixed, or none of these.
Variable costs change in direct proportion to changes in the level of activity or volume of production.
Fixed costs remain the same regardless of changes in activity or production volume. Mixed costs have both fixed and variable components. None of these costs are costs that cannot be classified as variable, fixed, or mixed. To determine the cost behavior, it is important to analyze the relationship between the cost and the level of activity. If the cost varies with the level of activity, it is a variable cost.
If the cost remains the same regardless of changes in the level of activity, it is a fixed cost. If the cost has both fixed and variable components, it is a mixed cost. By analyzing the behavior of each cost in the table, it can be determined whether they are variable, fixed, mixed, or none of these.
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The fish generally live at sea, where they feed and grow before migrating to fresh water to spawn. The migrations, though, have faced numerous hurdles, from dams built across the rivers the fish swim up to destruction of their spawning grounds. But even as these issues have been addressed and fish habitats have been restored, the salmon continue to die in many places."
In your case study about water allocation in California, you learned that the three categories of water distribution in California are: agriculture, environment, and urban. In allocating water to salmon habitat: (1) who loses out and (2) this allocation exemplifies what economic principle? (1) agriculture; (2) diminishing returns (1) environmental; (2) spillover (1) urban; (2) opportunity cost (1) environmental; (2) opportunity cost
Answer:
In allocating water to salmon habitat, the answer would be:
(1) agriculture loses out.
(2) This allocation exemplifies the economic principle of opportunity cost.
Explanation:
Allocating water to salmon habitat means diverting water from agricultural use, which can have negative implications for agricultural activities. The water that is allocated to the environment for salmon habitat cannot be used for irrigation or other agricultural purposes, resulting in a loss for the agriculture sector.
This allocation decision showcases the principle of opportunity cost, which states that when resources are limited, choosing to allocate them to one purpose means forgoing alternative uses. In this case, the opportunity cost of allocating water to salmon habitat is the potential agricultural output or productivity that could have been achieved if the water was used for irrigation or other agricultural needs.
They are anadromous, which means they are born in freshwater streams, migrate to the ocean to feed and grow, and return to their natal streams to spawn.
The life cycle of Chinook salmon is complex, involving several distinct stages. After hatching from eggs in freshwater streams, the young fish, called fry, spend several months feeding and growing before migrating downstream to the ocean. They spend one to five years in the ocean, depending on their size and the availability of food, before returning to freshwater to spawn.
During spawning, the female Chinook salmon excavate a nest in the streambed, called a redd, where they deposit their eggs. The male then fertilizes the eggs, and both parents die soon after. The eggs hatch in the spring, and the cycle begins again.
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FJU Co. purchased land, a building, and equipment for a total cost of $540,000. After the purchase, the property was appraised. Fair values were determined to be $200,000 for the land, $400,000 for the building, and $300,000 for the equipment. Given these appraisals, record the purchase of the property by Warbler. 2. In recent years, Freeman Transportation purchased four used buses. Because of frequent turnover in the accounting department, a different accountant selected the depreciation method for each bus, and various methods were selected. Information concerning the buses is summarized below. Useful Life Residual Value Bus Acquired Cost in Years Depreciation Method 2018/1/1 £ 96,000 £6,000 5 Straight-line 2 2018/1/1 140,000 10,000 4 Declining-balance 3 2019/1/1 92,000 8,000 5 4 2020/1/1 60,000 6,000 S Units-of-activity Sum of year's digits method ( 5 For the declining-balance method, the company uses the double-declining rate. For the units-of-activity method, total miles are expected to be 120,000. Actual miles of use in the first 3 years were 2019, 24.000; 2020, 36,000; and 2021.31.000. Required: Compute the amount of accumulated depreciation on cach bus at December 31, 2020. MI 10
The amount of accumulated depreciation on each bus at December 31, 2020 is $267,900
FJU Co. purchased land, a building, and equipment for a total cost of $540,000. The property was appraised and fair values were determined to be $200,000 for the land, $400,000 for the building, and $300,000 for the equipment. The journal entry for recording the purchase of the property by FJU Co. is as follows:
Assets Debit Credit
Land $200,000
Building $400,000
Equipment $300,000
Cash $540,000
Total $540,000
For calculating the accumulated depreciation, we have to first calculate the depreciation expense for each year using different methods as given below:
For Bus 1: The straight-line method will be used. Hence, depreciation expense per year will be
($96,000 - $6,000)/5 = $18,000
Depreciation expense for 2018 = $18,000
Depreciation expense for 2019 = $18,000
Depreciation expense for 2020 = $18,000
Total accumulated depreciation at the end of 2020 = $18,000 x 3 = $54,000
For Bus 2: The double-declining balance method will be used. Hence, the depreciation rate will be
2/4 = 50%.
Depreciation expense for 2018 = $140,000 x 50% = $70,000
Depreciation expense for 2019 = ($140,000 - $70,000) x 50% = $35,000
Depreciation expense for 2020 = ($140,000 - $70,000 - $35,000) x 50% = $17,500
Total accumulated depreciation at the end of 2020 = $70,000 + $35,000 + $17,500 = $122,500
For Bus 3: The sum-of-the-years’-digits method will be used. Depreciation expense per year will be 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10. Depreciation expense for 2019 = $92,000 x 4/10 = $36,800
Depreciation expense for 2020 = $92,000 x 3/10 = $27,600
Total accumulated depreciation at the end of 2020 = $36,800 + $27,600 = $64,400
For Bus 4: The units-of-activity method will be used. Depreciation expense per unit of activity will be ($60,000 - $6,000)/120,000 = $0.45
Depreciation expense for 2019 = $0.45 x 24,000 = $10,800
Depreciation expense for 2020 = $0.45 x 36,000 = $16,200
Total accumulated depreciation at the end of 2020 = $10,800 + $16,200 = $27,000
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What are one of the effects of implementing environmental regulation? O Increase in production cost can be passed onto the consumer O Increase is consumer and producer surplus O Decrease in the actual
Implementing environmental regulation can have a variety of effects on the economy and society. One of the most significant impacts is an increase in production costs for businesses that are required to comply with the new regulations.
These additional costs may be passed on to the consumer in the form of higher prices for goods and services. This can result in a decrease in demand for those products, which can negatively affect the business and the overall economy.
On the other hand, environmental regulation can also have positive effects. For example, it can lead to an increase in consumer and producer surplus by improving the quality of goods and services and reducing the negative externalities associated with production. In addition, environmental regulation can promote innovation and the development of new technologies, which can lead to economic growth and job creation.
Overall, the effects of environmental regulation are complex and can vary depending on the specific regulations and the context in which they are implemented. However, it is clear that environmental regulation plays an important role in promoting sustainable development and protecting the health and well-being of both people and the planet.
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