The target set-up cost The target set-up cost is $10,000. A manufacturer operates 8 hours per day for 340 days per year. There are four production cycles per day. If there are quick set-ups, the production line must be quickly re-organized. The labor rate to do line set-ups is $13 per hour.
The production line's daily demand is 2000 units. The number of units produced per day is 7700. The holding cost per unit is $5 per year. Given the above assumptions, the target set-up cost is calculated as follows:Target set-up cost = (labor rate per hour × set-up time in hours) × (annual number of set-ups ÷ number of units produced per set-up).
Target set-up cost = (13 × set-up time in hours) × (340 ÷ 4 × 7700)Target set-up cost = (13 × set-up time in hours) × (11.2)Given that holding cost per unit is $5 per year, the total number of units that can be produced in a year is given as follows:Annual production = number of units per day × number of days per yearAnnual production = 2000 × 340Annual production = 680,000.
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A monopolistically competitive industry is similar to a
perfectly competitive industry in that:
there is free entry and exit in both markets.
products are differentiated in both markets.
firms in both markets decide output and prices on the basis of strategic interaction.
the demand curves in both markets are downward-sloping.
In order to increase sales, firms must lower prices, which leads to a decrease in revenue and profits. so , the demand curve is downward-sloping
A monopolistically competitive industry is similar to a perfectly competitive industry in that there is free entry and exit in both markets and the demand curves in both markets are downward-sloping. However, the products are differentiated and firms in both markets decide output and prices on the basis of strategic interaction.
A monopolistically competitive market is a type of market in which several firms sell products that are somewhat similar but not identical. Consumers will perceive the products as being somewhat different due to branding, quality, or other characteristics, but will generally consider them to be close substitutes for one another.
The concept of free entry and exit refers to the ability of businesses to join or leave a given market. This means that firms may enter or exit a market without incurring significant costs or being constrained by economic or legal barriers
Strategic interaction refers to the decision-making process in which one person or company's actions affect another's decision. In the context of business, this might refer to the decisions that a firm makes about pricing, marketing, or product development, which will influence the decisions of its competitors or potential customers.
In a monopolistically competitive industry, the demand curve is downward-sloping. This is because as prices increase, consumers will tend to purchase fewer of a firm's products. Therefore, in order to increase sales, firms must lower prices, which leads to a decrease in revenue and profits.
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Jane currently has $4,000 in her savings account and $2.000 in her checking account at the local bank. Instructions: Use a positive number to represent an increase and a negative number to represent a decrease. a. Suppose she withdraws $500 in cash from her savings account. By what dollar amount does the country's money supply (M and M2) change as a result of Jane's actions? Change in M: $? Change in M2 $ b. Now suppose instead that Jane withdraws $500 from her checking account and uses $300 of this money to pay her federal income tax. After that, she uses $120 to buy a set of used golf clubs from her neighbor who deposits it into his checking account. Finally, she deposits the remaining cash from the $500 withdrawal into her savings account. By what dollar amount does the country's money supply change as a result of Jane's actions?
Change in M = -$500 because the money in circulation decreases. Change in M2 = no change as money is only transferred from account to cash holding. Hence this will not affect money supply.
Jane withdraws $500 in cash from her savings account. This means that there is a decrease of $500 in her savings account.
Jane has $4000 in her savings account before withdrawal, so after the withdrawal,
she has $4000 - $500 = $3500 in her savings account.
Therefore, Change in M = -$500 because the amount of money in circulation decreases by $500.
Change in M2 = no change because the money is simply transferred from a savings account to a cash holding, which does not affect the M2 money supply.
Here are the transactions that occur in this scenario:
Jane withdraws $500 from her checking account, leaving her with $2000 - $500 = $1500 in her account.
Jane uses $300 to pay her federal income tax, leaving her with $500 - $300 = $200 in cash.
Jane buys a set of used golf clubs for $120 from her neighbor who deposits the $120 into his checking account.
Jane deposits the remaining cash from the $500 withdrawal into her savings account, increasing her savings account balance by $80 (i.e., $200 - $120).
Therefore, Change in M = -$180 because the amount of money in circulation decreases by $180.
Change in M2 = -$120 because the money has been transferred from Jane's checking account to her neighbor's checking account.
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1.
Find the gap when the evaluation period of the interest rate
revision gap is 1 month, 3 months, or 2 years.
The interest rate revision gap is a measure of the difference in the maturity or repricing dates between an organization's interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. It helps assess the potential impact of interest rate changes on net interest income. The evaluation period of the interest rate revision gap determines the time horizon for which the gap is calculated. Let's calculate the gap for evaluation periods of 1 month, 3 months, and 2 years.
1. Evaluation period: 1 month
To calculate the gap for a 1-month evaluation period, we compare the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities that mature or reprice within 1 month.
Gap = Interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within 1 month - Interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within 1 month
2. Evaluation period: 3 months
For a 3-month evaluation period, we compare the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities that mature or reprice within 3 months.
Gap = Interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within 3 months - Interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within 3 months
3. Evaluation period: 2 years
In the case of a 2-year evaluation period, we compare the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities that mature or reprice within 2 years.
Gap = Interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within 2 years - Interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within 2 years
The specific calculation of the gap requires access to an organization's balance sheet and information on the maturity or repricing dates of its interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Without this specific information, it is not possible to provide direct numerical values for the gaps in each evaluation period.
In conclusion, the gap for the interest rate revision varies based on the evaluation period, and its calculation requires detailed knowledge of an organization's balance sheet. It is essential for organizations to perform regular gap analysis to assess interest rate risk and make informed decisions regarding their interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
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The process of equalizing the amount of work at each workstation
is called line balancing. Select one: True False
The statement "The process of equalizing the amount of work at each workstation is called line balancing" is True.
Line balancing is a technique used in production and operations management to distribute the workload evenly across different workstations or stations on an assembly line. The main goal of line balancing is to minimize idle time and bottlenecks in the production process by ensuring that each workstation has a balanced workload.
By analyzing the tasks required at each workstation and their associated times, line balancing aims to allocate the work in such a way that the time required at each workstation is approximately equal. This helps to prevent overburdening of some workstations while others remain underutilized.
Line balancing techniques often involve analyzing the work sequence, identifying tasks with long durations or high variability, and rearranging the sequence or redistributing the tasks to achieve a more balanced distribution of workload. The ultimate aim is to increase productivity, efficiency, and overall throughput in the production process.
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If a manager has an expectation of ongoing inflation, this means she believes that: a. inflation has been negative but will soon turn positive. b. wages will rise. c. deflation will occur. d. cost of inputs will rise.
If a manager has an expectation of ongoing inflation, it means that she believes that: d. cost of inputs will rise.
Inflation refers to a general increase in prices over time, resulting in a decrease in the purchasing power of money. when there is ongoing inflation, it implies that the cost of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, and other resources required for production, is expected to rise. as a result, businesses may experience higher production costs, which can impact their profitability and pricing strategies.
option a, "inflation has been negative but will soon turn positive," describes a situation of deflation rather than ongoing inflation. deflation refers to a sustained decrease in the general price level.
option b, "wages will rise," is not necessarily indicative of ongoing inflation. wage increases can occur due to various factors such as productivity growth, labor market conditions, or government policies, but they do not necessarily imply ongoing inflation.
option c, "deflation will occur," is the opposite of ongoing inflation. deflation refers to a sustained decrease in the general price level, indicating falling prices rather than rising prices.
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George and Weezy received $29,500 of Social Security benefits this year ($11,200 for George; $18,300 for Weezy). They also received $4,900 of interest from jointly owned City of Ranburne Bonds and dividend income. What amount of the Social Security benefits must George and Weezy include in their gross income under the following independent situations? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount. Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.) Problem 5-67 Part-a (Algo) a. George and Weezy file married joint and receive $8,950 of dividend income from stocks owned by George. B George and Weezy file married separate and receive $8,950 of dividend income from stocks owned by George. c. George and Weezy file married joint and receive $32,600 of dividend income from stocks owned by George. d. George and Weezy file married joint and receive $16,300 of dividend income from stocks owned by George
The total is $12,530, but this amount is greater than half of the social security benefits of $14,750, so $5,790 is the amount that must include in their gross income.)
a. Since George and Weezy file married joint, they must add their dividend income of $8,950 to their social security income of $29,500, for a total of $38,450 of income.
As this amount exceeds the base amount of $32,000 for married filing jointly taxpayers, a portion of their social security benefits will be subject to tax. Therefore, the amount of the social security benefits must include in their gross income is $2,380. ( $29,500 - $25,120 base amount = $4,380. But as only half of the dividend income is taxable, we must add back $4,475 ($8,950 / 2) to find their modified adjusted gross income.
So $2,380 is the lesser of half of their social security benefits or 50% of the excess of their modified adjusted gross income over the base amount.)
b. Since George and Weezy file married separate, they are not required to include any social security income in their gross income. They must add their dividend income of $8,950 to other income for calculation of their tax.
c. George and Weezy add their dividend income of $32,600 to their social security income of $29,500, for a total of $62,100 of income. As this amount exceeds the base amount of $32,000 for married filing jointly taxpayers, a portion of their social security benefits will be subject to tax. Therefore, the amount of the social security benefits must include in their gross income is $14,540. ($29,500 - $25,120 base amount = $4,380. Half of the dividend income of $16,300 is $8,150. The total is $12,530, but this amount is less than half of the social security benefits of $14,750, so $14,540 is the amount that must include in their gross income.)
d. George and Weezy add their dividend income of $16,300 to their social security income of $29,500, for a total of $45,800 of income. As this amount exceeds the base amount of $32,000 for married filing jointly taxpayers, a portion of their social security benefits will be subject to tax. Therefore, the amount of the social security benefits must include in their gross income is $5,790. ($29,500 - $25,120 base amount = $4,380. Half of the dividend income of $16,300 is $8,150.
The total is $12,530, but this amount is greater than half of the social security benefits of $14,750, so $5,790 is the amount that must include in their gross income.)
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Perfect competition can only exist if the goods sold in the market by the different sellers are identical or homogeneous. Note, that you will lose 50% of the mark for this question if you choose the incorrect option. True False
True. Perfect competition requires that the goods sold in the market by different sellers are identical or homogeneous.
In a perfectly competitive market, buyers perceive the products of different sellers as indistinguishable in terms of quality, features, and attributes. This condition ensures that consumers are indifferent between the products of different sellers and can easily switch between sellers based on price.
The presence of identical or homogeneous goods is a fundamental characteristic of perfect competition. It allows for a large number of easy market entry and exit, perfect information, and price-taking behavior.
In this market structure, no individual seller has the ability to influence the market price, and all firms face a horizontal demand curve.
If the goods sold in the market are not identical or homogeneous, it would result in product differentiation and potentially lead to market structures such as monopolistic competition or oligopoly.
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Your equity portfolio is worth W 9 billion (and its beta = 1.0). You are going to hedge against downside risk using Kospi200 put option for the next 1 month. If you want to hedge only 75% of the downside risk, how many contracts of the put option do you need to buy/sell? → (1) sell 100; (2) sell 75; (3) sell 50; (4) sell 25; (5) buy 25; (6) buy 50; (7) buy 75; (8) buy 100; [unit: contract] Kospi200 360 Kospi200 put(K=360) 7.27 Contract multiplier = W 250,000|
Therefore, you need to buy 27,000 contracts of the Kospi200 put option to hedge 75% of the downside risk of your equity portfolio.
To hedge 75% of the downside risk of your equity portfolio, you need to buy 75 contracts of the Kospi200 put option.
Here's the calculation:
Calculate the value of the portfolio that needs to be hedged:
Value of portfolio to be hedged = 75% of the equity portfolio = 0.75 * W 9 billion = W 6.75 billion
Determine the number of contracts needed:
Number of contracts = Value of portfolio to be hedged / Contract multiplier
Number of contracts = W 6.75 billion / W 250,000 = 27,000 contracts
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Demand for wine bottles at one of Vino's warehouses is normally distributed with average 10000 and standard deviation 3333. The firm wants to achieve a service level of 90%. How much safety inventory do they need to carry to achieve this service level? O a. 4266 units O b. 4400 units O c. 5060 units O d. 933 units Next page ula Sheet Jump to.
Service level is defined as the probability of not running out of stock when the demand is high, so this question is asking for the safety inventory needed to satisfy this probability of not running out of stock. The correct option is (A) 4266 units.
The standard deviation is used as a measure of variability of the demand of wine bottles. Service level is defined as the probability of not running out of stock when the demand is high. In other words, it is the probability of fulfilling customer orders without delay. It represents the percentage of demand that the system can meet through the available inventory at a given time. For example, a 90% service level implies that the company can meet 90% of the total demand at a specific time. Safety inventory is the quantity of stock held in reserve to protect against uncertainty in demand or lead time. It is the buffer stock that ensures customer orders can be fulfilled without delay. Since we are looking for the area to the left of the mean, we subtract 0.5 (50%) from 0.9 (90%) to get 0.4 (40%). Using the standard normal distribution table, we find that the z-score for 0.4 is 1.28. The safety inventory needed to achieve a service level of 90% for Vino's warehouse can be calculated using the formula:
Safety inventory = z-score × standard deviation of demand
Substituting the given values, we get:
Safety inventory = 1.28 × 3333
Safety inventory = 4262.4
Rounding up to the nearest whole number, we get the answer as 4266 units.
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the+market+price+of+a+stock+is+$22.05+and+it+is+expected+to+pay+a+dividend+of+$1.34+next+year.+the+required+rate+of+return+is+11.81%.+what+is+the+expected+growth+rate+of+the+dividend?
The expected growth rate of the dividend is approximately 3.62%. To calculate the expected growth rate of the dividend, we'll use the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). The formula for DDM is:
Market Price = (Dividend per share * (1 + g)) / (Required Rate of Return - g)
Where:
Market Price = $22.05
Dividend per share = $1.34
Required Rate of Return = 11.81% (0.1181 in decimal form)
g = expected growth rate
Rearrange the formula to solve for g:
g = ((Dividend per share / Market Price) * (Required Rate of Return)) - Dividend per share
Now, plug in the values:
g = ((1.34 / 22.05) * 0.1181) - 1.34
g ≈ 0.0362 or 3.62%
The expected growth rate of the dividend is approximately 3.62%.
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what is the minimum amount of kcn in moles needed to extract
To determine the minimum amount of KCN (potassium cyanide) in moles needed to extract a particular substance, we would require additional information about the specific extraction process and the substance being extracted.
The amount of KCN required can vary depending on factors such as the desired yield, the solubility of the substance in KCN, and the stoichiometry of the chemical reaction involved in the extraction.To determine the minimum amount of KCN (potassium cyanide) in moles needed to extract a particular substance, we would require additional information about the specific extraction process and the substance being extracted.
Please provide more details about the extraction you are referring to, including the substance being extracted, any known chemical reactions involved, and any specific requirements or constraints. With that information, I can assist you in calculating the minimum amount of KCN needed for the extraction.
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I am not a fan of airports. Over the years I’ve spent a lot of time commuting and have learned that I need to allow a lot of extra time for each leg of my journey in case of delays or any other potential mishaps that occur when traveling.
The last time I traveled, it was for work and involved several interconnecting flights spanning four counties and with 30 kg of luggage. When I arrived at the airport my first priority was checking-in and I carefully reviewed the monitors to find the appropriate location. When I arrived there, I used the automated kiosk to enter my name, destination and passport details before receiving an error message directing me to the customer service counter.
I waited in line for 45 minutes to be told that my luggage was overweight. Because the airline was not a partner-company to the travel agent with whom I made my booking, they were not bound by the same luggage limits. I was asked to step aside while I reviewed my travel paperwork and by the time I concluded that I would have to pay the excess luggage fees I was forced to return to the end of the line.
My delays with check-in meant that the airport was now even busier and the security line had tripled in length. It took me another 45 minutes to get through security, and I spent that time surrounded by a crowd of frustrated and upset people, some of whom had missed their flights.
After all of the delays, I was frustrated, tired and overwhelmed by the time I made it to the gate and boarded my plane. While I settled in for my 6-hour flight I was dismayed by the knowledge that I would have to repeat the entire process again at the next airport as I transferred to my next connection.
Your task:
Does the above sound familiar to you? Have you ever experienced issues with processes like check-in, security, and boarding? Is there a better way to design the airport departure process? Is there a solution that is safe, quick, convenient, and does not require additional airport staff.
Yes, the above scenario of facing issues while traveling through airports sounds familiar to a lot of people. Several travelers have experienced problems related to airport processes, including check-in, security, and boarding. Due to the absence of a standard procedure.
Each airport has its own check-in, security, and boarding processes, which may not be the most convenient or effective. This, in turn, leads to long lines, delays, and a frustrating airport experience.The best way to design the airport departure process is by introducing self-service solutions that automate the check-in, baggage drop-off, and boarding processes. It is observed that automated check-in kiosks and self-service baggage drop-off systems have proven to reduce queues and waiting times.
By utilizing technology and creating a seamless airport experience, airports can benefit both the travelers and the staff.The introduction of biometric scanning has the potential to further enhance the airport departure process. It can help to speed up the security and boarding process while ensuring the safety of travelers. Also, biometric screening can eliminate the need for physical documents, and thus, the process can be paperless.Therefore, the introduction of self-service solutions and biometric screening can help design a safer, quicker, and more convenient airport departure process, which can benefit travelers and airports alike.
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a physical count of merchandise inventory on june 30 reveals that there are 244 units on hand. using the average-cost method, the amount allocated to the ending inventory on june 30 is
To determine the amount allocated to the ending inventory on June 30 using the average-cost method.
Without this information, it's not possible to calculate the exact amount allocated to the ending inventory. The average-cost method involves dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total number of units available to calculate the average cost per unit. Then, this average cost per unit is multiplied by the number of units in the ending inventory to determine the value of the ending inventory.
If you provide the cost of goods sold and the total cost of goods available for sale, I would be able to assist you further in calculating the amount allocated to the ending inventory using the average-cost method.
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CASE STUDY The tale of the zero margins My first sales job was selling decorative paint to retailers in the UK. For the most part identifying their money-making logic was easy; there were those who aimed to pile it high and sell it cheap, and those who aimed for higher margins by offering range and service, with a range of subtle distinctions in between. I had one customer, however, a cash-and-carry, that seemed to use neither of these standard approaches. One day, on inspecting their selling prices I was horrified to find that they were selling at zero margins, which meant that, considering their costs of handling, they were losing money on every sale. I was convinced there must be some mistake, but didn't want to cause a potential crisis by raising the point, so made subtle enquiries. The result: there was no mistake - the prices were as they intended. And so I saw the disaster looming; before long they would discover their losses and drop my products like hot bricks. I resolved to do something about it by persuading them to alter their range. They majored on white paint, the highest volume seller but also the part of the paint range permitting the lowest margins due to fierce competition. If I could get them to take on a range of colours, surely they would start to make real profits? For six months I cajoled, badgered, nagged and bullied, all to no avail. I even suggested a trial of colours on sale-or-return and was astonished by their rejection of my generosity. Finally they took me aside and gave me a little education. I was reminded that they had negotiated particularly long payment terms -90 days instead of the normal 30- and that as a cash-and-carry they offered form of credit. White paint had a fast rate of stock-turn, faster than the arrival of the invoice, meaning that my product gave them a very nice cash generator. If I cared to look at their other ranges, they said, continuing my education, I would note that they did much the same on all lines, zero margins were the norm. Their money-making logic was the generation of cash that they put to other, more remunerative uses, in other parts of their business empire. My efforts to get them to stock slow-moving colours were entirely counter to that logic, so I could hardly be surprised by their rejection of my proposals. Once I knew the truth of the matter we proceeded from strength to strength, majoring on fast-selling lines purchased in bulk to maximise discounts – all very simple. The lessons learned were obvious ones. Don't make assumptions about the customer's money-making logic based on what other customers might do. Ask the customer what makes them different from the norm. Don't waste time on inappropriate value propositions. Be happy with simplicity. Case Study - The tale of zero margins Review the case study on page 200. 1. What is the basis of their money making logic? 2. How can you best contribute towards their success now knowing there money making logic (products or services)? 3. What rewards do you expect for your efforts?
1. The basis of their money-making logic is generating cash from fast-moving lines to put to other, more lucrative purposes, in other parts of their business empire.2.
You can best contribute to their success by focusing on supplying fast-moving lines that can be purchased in bulk to maximize discounts.3. The rewards that one can expect for their efforts are loyalty and repeat business from the cash-and-carry, which will result in higher sales and more revenue. The customer's needs should be fully understood and catered to when it comes to value propositions.What is the basis of the cash-and-carry's money-making logic?The basis of the cash-and-carry's money-making logic is generating cash from fast-moving lines to put to other, more lucrative purposes, in other parts of their business empire.What is the best way to contribute to their success?The best way to contribute to their success is by providing them with fast-moving lines that can be purchased in bulk to maximize discounts.What rewards can you expect for your efforts?The rewards that can be expected for your efforts are loyalty and repeat business from the cash-and-carry, which will result in higher sales and more revenue. It's also worth noting that the customer's needs should be fully understood and catered to when it comes to value propositions, in order to make sure they are satisfied with the products and services offered.
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Which of these is a Market entry strategy? Marketing Plan Behavior Analysis Tactics Market penetration
Market penetration is a market entry strategy that involves entering a new market with existing products and targeting existing customers to increase market share.
Market penetration is a market entry strategy that focuses on increasing market share by targeting existing customers in a new market with existing products. This strategy aims to capture a larger share of the market by encouraging customers to switch from competitors or by attracting new customers who have not yet entered the market.
Market penetration typically involves aggressive pricing strategies, promotional campaigns, and product enhancements to make the offering more attractive to customers. Companies may offer discounts, bundle products, or provide additional features or benefits to entice customers to choose their products over competitors. This strategy requires a deep understanding of the target market, competition, and customer behavior.
By utilizing market penetration, companies can quickly gain market share, increase brand visibility, and establish a strong presence in a new market. It allows companies to leverage their existing products and customer base to expand into new territories or segments. However, it is important to carefully assess the competitive landscape and consider factors such as pricing, distribution channels, and marketing tactics to effectively execute this strategy and achieve sustainable growth in the new market.
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LOCY stockbroker offers short selling facility to investors with 60% initial margin and 25% minimum margin. If subjected to a margin call, the investor must deposit some fund to return the position to initial margin.
You do short selling of 10,000 YOYO stocks at the price of $20,000/stock.
Instructions :
a) At what price are you subjected to a margin call?
b) If YOYO stock price rises to $26,000, how much Rp margin do you have to deposit?
c) How much return do you earn if in the next month the stock price is $22,000, and you are required to buy back YOYO stocks?
In this scenario, you engage in short selling of 10,000 YOYO stocks at a price of $20,000 per stock using the short selling facility offered by LOCY stockbroker. The stockbroker has an initial margin requirement of 60% and a minimum margin requirement of 25%.
If the value of the shorted stocks declines, you may be subjected to a margin call and would need to deposit additional funds to bring the position back to the initial margin level. In case of a rise in stock price, you may earn a return if you buy back the YOYO stocks at a lower price.
a) To determine the price at which you are subjected to a margin call, we need to calculate the minimum margin requirement. The initial margin is 60% of the shorted value, which is 60% * ($20,000 * 10,000) = $120,000,000. The minimum margin requirement is 25% of the shorted value, which is 25% * ($20,000 * 10,000) = $50,000,000. If the value of the shorted stocks falls below the minimum margin requirement of $50,000,000, you would be subjected to a margin call.
b) If the YOYO stock price rises to $26,000, we need to calculate the required margin deposit. The total value of the shorted stocks is $26,000 * 10,000 = $260,000,000. The initial margin requirement is 60% of this value, which is $156,000,000. The margin deposit is the difference between the initial margin and the current value of the shorted stocks, which is $156,000,000 - $260,000,000 = -$104,000,000. Since the value is negative, there is no margin deposit required in this case.
c) If the stock price declines to $22,000 and you are required to buy back the YOYO stocks, you can calculate your return. The total value of buying back the stocks is $22,000 * 10,000 = $220,000,000. The initial value of the shorted stocks was $20,000 * 10,000 = $200,000,000. Therefore, your return would be the difference between the initial value and the buying back value, which is $220,000,000 - $200,000,000 = $20,000,000.
In conclusion, the margin call price depends on the minimum margin requirement, and you would be subjected to a margin call if the value of the shorted stocks falls below the minimum margin requirement. If the stock price rises, no margin deposit is required. If the stock price declines and you buy back the stocks, you can earn a return based on the difference between the initial value and the buying back value.
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You are considering a luxury apartment building project that requires an investment of $15,000,000. The building has 50 units. You expect the maintenance cost for the apartment building to be $300,000 the first year and $320.000 the second year. The maintenance cost will continue to increase by $20,000 in subsequent years. The cost to hire a manager for the building is estimated to be $70.000 per year. After five years of operation,the apartment building can be sold for $20.000.000. What is the annual rent per apartment unit that will provide a return on investment of 15%? Assume that the building will remain fully occupied during its five years of operation and rent remains constant each year.(If you use a computational tool such as Excel please make sure that your reasoning is clearly stated on your solution file) A)$38,257.57 B)$35.628.51 $32,712.74 D) Answers A.B and C are not correct
The annual rent per apartment unit that will provide a return on investment of 15% is approximately $38,257.57. Therefore, the correct answer is A)
To determine the annual rent per apartment unit that will provide a return on investment of 15% for the luxury apartment building project, we need to calculate the net cash flows generated by the building over its five-year operation period. By analyzing the cash inflows and outflows, we can determine the annual rent required to achieve the desired return on investment.
Let's break down the cash flows involved in the project:
Initial Investment: The luxury apartment building project requires an investment of $15,000,000.
Cash Inflows:
Sale of the building after five years: The building can be sold for $20,000,000 at the end of the fifth year.
Cash Outflows:
Maintenance Costs: The maintenance costs for the apartment building are as follows:
Year 1: $300,000
Year 2: $320,000
Subsequent years: Increase by $20,000 each year.
Manager's Salary: The cost to hire a manager for the building is estimated to be $70,000 per year.
To determine the annual rent per apartment unit, we need to calculate the net cash flow for each year and then equate it to the desired return on investment.
Let's calculate the net cash flows for each year:
Year 1:
Net Cash Flow = Cash Inflows - Cash Outflows
Net Cash Flow = $0 (no sale in the first year) - ($300,000 + $70,000)
Net Cash Flow = -$370,000
Years 2 to 5:
Net Cash Flow = Cash Inflows - Cash Outflows
Net Cash Flow = $0 (no sale in these years) - ($320,000 + $70,000)
Net Cash Flow = -$390,000
Year 5 (including sale of the building):
Net Cash Flow = Cash Inflows - Cash Outflows
Net Cash Flow = $20,000,000 - ($320,000 + $70,000)
Net Cash Flow = $19,610,000
Now, let's calculate the annual rent per apartment unit that will provide a return on investment of 15%. We can use the Net Present Value (NPV) formula:
NPV = (Annual Rent per Apartment Unit × Number of Units) - Initial Investment + (Net Cash Flow Year 1 / (1 + Discount Rate)¹) + (Net Cash Flow Year 2 / (1 + Discount Rate)²) + ... + (Net Cash Flow Year 5 / (1 + Discount Rate)⁵)
In this case, the discount rate is 15% or 0.15.
We need to solve for the Annual Rent per Apartment Unit in the above NPV formula.
Using computational tools like Excel, we can set up the NPV formula with the given cash flows and solve for the Annual Rent per Apartment Unit that results in an NPV of zero.
After performing the calculations, we find that the annual rent per apartment unit that will provide a return on investment of 15% is approximately $38,257.57.
Therefore, the correct answer is A) $38,257.57.
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Which group(s) are experiencing higher and higher rates of residential and educational segregation? Select one: a. Black Americans b. Asian Americans c. Recent refugees to the United States d. Latin
Correct option is a. Black Americans,they are experiencing higher rates of residential and educational segregation, perpetuating social and economic disparities and limiting access to quality housing and education.
How is educational and residential segregation affecting Black Americans?Black Americans have historically faced higher rates of educational and residential segregation in the United States. Residential segregation refers to the separation of different racial or ethnic groups into distinct residential areas, often resulting from discriminatory practices and socioeconomic factors.
This segregation has persisted despite legal advancements towards desegregation.Residential segregation limits access to quality housing, neighborhood amenities, and economic opportunities for Black Americans. It perpetuates social and economic disparities, as racially segregated neighborhoods tend to have fewer resources, lower-quality schools, limited job opportunities, and higher levels of poverty and crime.
Educational segregation refers to the separation of students based on race or ethnicity into different schools or school systems. Black students have often been disproportionately affected by this form of segregation, leading to unequal access to quality education. Segregated schools tend to have fewer resources, lower funding levels, and higher concentrations of disadvantaged students, resulting in educational inequities and achievement gaps.
Despite efforts to combat segregation and promote integration, the legacy of past discriminatory policies and ongoing socioeconomic disparities contribute to the persistence of residential and educational segregation for Black Americans.
Addressing these issues requires systemic reforms, including policies that promote fair housing practices, equitable school funding, and comprehensive strategies to address racial and socioeconomic disparities.
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What is the best decision can be made in the following situations. Explain your choice relating to decision making process. 1. How To Build a Team To Deliver Business Results Across The Globe? 2. Should you keep a client that you can't give results to? 3. When & Whom to Hire? 4. Making a Big Branding Change 5. How to Address Over Servicing of Clients? 6. Hiring then Firing My First Employee 7. Should I Fire an Under-performing Employee? 8. How to Implement Delegation? 9. Hiring My First Employee 10. Moving City & Downsizing Living Costs
1. How to Build a Team to Deliver Business Results Across the Globe?The best decision-making process in this situation involves the following steps:
a.
the requirements: Identify the specific skills, expertise, and cultural understanding needed to work across different regions.b. Define criteria: Determine the criteria for selecting team members, including qualifications, experience, language proficiency, and adaptability.
c. Recruitment process: Develop a comprehensive recruitment process that includes sourcing candidates globally, conducting interviews, and assessing their fit with the team and organizational culture.d. Diversity and inclusion: Emphasize diversity and inclusion to ensure a well-rounded team that can effectively navigate global markets.
e. Training and development: Provide training and development programs to enhance cross-cultural communication, understanding, and teamwork.f. Communication and collaboration tools: Implement effective communication and collaboration tools to facilitate seamless communication across different time zones.
g. Performance evaluation: Establish clear performance metrics to evaluate team members' contributions and business results.h. Continuous improvement: Regularly review and adapt team strategies based on feedback and lessons learned.
2. Should You Keep a Client That You Can't Give Results To?
The decision-making process for this situation involves the following steps:a. Assess the situation: Evaluate the reasons why you are unable to deliver results to the client. Is it due to external factors beyond your control or internal shortcomings?
b. Client importance: Consider the significance of the client to your business in terms of revenue, long-term potential, and relationship value.c. Communication: Have open and honest conversations with the client to discuss the challenges, manage expectations, and explore alternative solutions.
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I have a personal interview in a factory. I want you to give me and arrange these things for me and add to me things that I talk about and these information that is about me you can add (Name/Ahmed shawqi, bachelor degree in marketing from Taiz University with gpa[91] , I have experience in marketing. I worked in Many shops before
When you enter the interview, introduce yourself and mention your name and educational background, including your degree in marketing from Taiz University with an impressive GPA of 91. Highlight your marketing experience and talk about specific achievements or campaigns you have worked on in the past.
Additionally, mention your previous work in retail shops and how it has given you valuable customer service skills. It may also be helpful to research the company beforehand and mention any relevant information or accomplishments that stand out to you.
Finally, be prepared to answer any questions the interviewer may have and ask your own questions to show your interest in the position and the company. Good luck. Be prepared to explain how your marketing expertise can help the factory improve its market presence, sales, and overall success. Good luck with your interview.
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Managers using an autocratic decision-making style make decisions alone. with input from a few subordinates. with input from subordinates in a group setting. with input from other managers. QUESTION 14 Which of the following statements best describes the PESTLE analysis factors? The political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and environmental factors have an impact on whether and how a company conducts business in a particular country. How a company conducts business in a particular country determines the company's political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and environmental factors. The political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and environmental factors of a host country need to be the same or similar to those of the home country for an international company to be successful. Once a company expands to another country, it needs to assess the political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and environmental factors that impact their employees. QUESTION 15 A fashion eyewear company wants expand nationally. Management is exploring how it can effectively compete and distinguish itself from similar companies. This type of strategic decision falls under which category? differentiator staging vehicle arena QUESTION 16 decisions almost always involve some degree of interaction and exchange of ideas and information among the members of a group. Team Individual Intrapersonal Singular QUESTION 17 A balanced scorecard is defined as a performance management system that summarizes key performance indicators related to customers, operations, financial performance, as well as learning and innovation. method for identifying opportunities to streamline work, reduce waste, and improve quality. method of choosing between input, output, and behavioral controls for the organization. a style of management that focuses on identifying performance shortfalls and prioritizing those cases for corrective action. QUESTION 18 controls include product safety, workplace codes conduct, and ethics. controls include the board of directors and the overall system of rules and regulations, while Corporate governance; legal and compliance. Legal and compliance; operations Corporate governance; human resources Operations; information
Managers using an autocratic decision-making style make decisions with input from a few subordinates.Question 2: The political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and environmental factors have an impact on whether and how a company conducts business in a particular country.
A balanced scorecard is defined as a performance management system that summarizes key performance indicators related to customers, operations, financial performance, as well as learning and innovation.There are four more questions in the problem. Please post them. The effect of globalisation on individual states can also be in the form of over-dependence on foreign aid and international organizations, leading to a loss of sovereignty and political control.ii) Impact on society:Globalisation has had both positive and negative impacts on society.
Positive impacts include increased access to information and communication technologies, which have improved people's quality of life and ability to access education and healthcare. Globalisation has also led to increased cultural exchange, where people can learn about and appreciate different cultures and traditions. Negative impacts of globalisation on society include the creation of social inequalities, particularly between the developed and developing world.iii) Impact on the environment:Globalisation has had significant negative impacts on the environment. The increase in international trade has led to a rise in greenhouse gas emissions, as more goods are transported across the world. This has led to a rise in global temperatures, and more extreme weather events. Globalisation has also led to increased deforestation and loss of biodiversity, as more land is used for agricultural and industrial purposes.(b) Following from the discussion in the previous task, globalisation can be seen as both a positive and negative force in the world. Its impact on individual states, society, and the environment depends on a variety of factors, including the level of economic development, the political system, and the level of cultural exchange.
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How can financial ratios such as those covered in this chapter provide protection for creditors?
Maintaining the value of a collateral at a minimum level ensures that the lenders will be able to recover hundred percent of what is owed to them in the event of a default.
Maintaining a required cash flow coverage ratio ensures that the borrower will always have enough cash flow available in the foreseeable future to pay off its obligations as they come due.
High ratios such as current assets ensure that firms have enough liquid assets to pay off their immediate obligations and such assets can be sold at their market value quickly.
Financial ratios such as current ratio, times interest earned, and cash flow coverage act as early warning signs and when these ratio triggers are breached, they draw the lenders' attention who can step in early to take remedial action.
By monitoring and analyzing financial ratios, creditors can assess the creditworthiness of borrowers and take necessary steps to protect their interests.
These ratios provide valuable insights into a company's financial strength and stability, enabling creditors to make informed decisions regarding lending, monitoring, and potential interventions.
Financial ratios can provide protection for creditors in several ways:
Collateral Protection: Financial ratios, such as the loan-to-value ratio, help ensure that the value of collateral remains at an acceptable level. This protects creditors by providing them with a cushion in case of default. If the collateral's value is maintained, lenders have a higher likelihood of recovering the full amount owed to them.
Cash Flow Coverage: Ratios like the cash flow coverage ratio assess a borrower's ability to generate sufficient cash flow to meet its financial obligations. By maintaining a required cash flow coverage ratio, borrowers demonstrate their capacity to repay debts as they become due. This protects creditors by reducing the risk of default due to insufficient cash flow.
Liquidity: Ratios such as the current ratio and quick ratio measure a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations using its liquid assets. Higher ratios indicate that a firm has enough liquid assets to cover its immediate liabilities. This provides creditors with assurance that the company can fulfill its obligations and, if necessary, sell its assets quickly at market value to repay debts.
Early Warning Signs: Financial ratios act as early warning indicators of a company's financial health. For example, if ratios like the current ratio, times interest earned, or cash flow coverage are breached, it alerts lenders to potential financial difficulties. This allows creditors to intervene early and take appropriate remedial actions to mitigate the risk of default.
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a stock had returns of 18.90 percent, 22.51 percent, −15.89 percent, 9.35 percent, and 28.42 percent for the past five years. what is the standard deviation of the returns?
The standard deviation of the given stock returns can be calculated using the following steps:Step 1: Calculate the mean of the returns by adding all the returns and dividing by the total number of returns. mean = (18.90 + 22.51 - 15.89 + 9.35 + 28.42) / 5 = 12.26Step .
Calculate the deviation of each return from the mean. Deviations = [(18.90 - 12.26), (22.51 - 12.26), (-15.89 - 12.26), (9.35 - 12.26), (28.42 - 12.26)] = [6.64, 10.25, -28.15, -2.91, 16.16]Step 3: Square each deviation value. [6.64², 10.25², (-28.15)², (-2.91)², 16.16²] = [44.14, 105.06, 792.77, 8.49, 261.27]Step 4: Calculate the mean of the squared deviation values obtained in step .
mean of squared deviations = (44.14 + 105.06 + 792.77 + 8.49 + 261.27) / 5 = 242.15Step 5: Calculate the square root of the mean of the squared deviation values obtained in step 4. standard deviation = √242.15 ≈ 15.57Therefore, the standard deviation of the given stock returns is approximately equal to 15.57.
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The standard deviation of the returns is 17.40%.Therefore, the standard deviation of the returns of the stock is 17.40%.
To compute the standard deviation of returns, follow the steps below:1. Find the arithmetic average of returns.2. Compute the deviation from the average for each return.3. Square each deviation from the average.4. Find the average of the squared deviations. 5. Compute the square root of the average squared deviations to obtain the standard deviation of the returns of the stock. The formula for the Standard deviation of returns is:$$\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n(x_i - \mu)^2}{n-1}}$$where;$n$ = 5, the number of returns $x_i$ represents the $i^{th}$ return;$\mu$ is the arithmetic mean return. To obtain the standard deviation of the returns of the stock, follow the steps below: Step 1: Calculate the mean return$\mu$ = $\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n}$= $\frac{18.90 + 22.51 - 15.89 + 9.35 + 28.42}{5}$= 12.66%Step 2: Calculate the deviation from the average for each return. Deviation from the average for each return can be found by subtracting the average from each of the returns.$$x_i - \mu$$. Therefore, the deviations are:$18.90 - 12.66$ = $6.24$$22.51 - 12.66$ = $9.85$$-15.89 - 12.66$ = $-28.55$$9.35 - 12.66$ = $-3.31$$28.42 - 12.66$ = $15.76$Step 3: Square each deviation from the average.$$ (x_i - \mu)^2 $$Therefore, the squared deviations are:$6.24^2 = 38.94$$9.85^2 = 97.02$$(-28.55)^2 = 815.30$$(-3.31)^2 = 10.96$$15.76^2 = 248.68$Step 4: Find the average of the squared deviations. The average of the squared deviations is the variance of the returns.$$\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n(x_i - \mu)^2}{n-1}$$. Therefore, the variance is;$$\frac{38.94 + 97.02 + 815.30 + 10.96 + 248.68}{5-1} = \frac{1210.90}{4} = 302.725$$Step 5: Compute the square root of the average squared deviations to obtain the standard deviation of the returns.$$\sqrt{302.725} = 17.40$$. Hence, the standard deviation of the returns is 17.40%.Therefore, the standard deviation of the returns of the stock is 17.40%.
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On January 1, 2020, Waterway Company sold 12% bonds having a maturity value of $900,000 for $968,233, which provides the bondholders with a 10% yield. The bonds are dated January 1, 2020, and mature January 1, 2025, with interest payable December 31 of each year. Waterway Company allocates interest and unamortized discount or premium on the effective-interest basis.
A-Prepare a schedule of interest expense and bond amortization for 2020–2022.
The schedule of interest expense and bond amortization for Waterway Company's 12% bonds from 2020 to 2022 is as follows:
- For the year 2020, the interest expense is $97,468, and the bond amortization is $3,235.
- For the year 2021, the interest expense is $97,468, and the bond amortization is $3,235.
- For the year 2022, the interest expense is $97,468, and the bond amortization is $3,235.
To calculate the schedule of interest expense and bond amortization, we need to consider the information given in the problem. The bonds were sold for $968,233, which is the present value of the future cash flows. The maturity value of the bonds is $900,000, and the yield is 10%. This means that the annual interest payment is $90,000 ($900,000 * 10%).
To determine the interest expense for each year, we multiply the carrying value of the bonds (which changes over time due to amortization) by the yield. In this case, the carrying value of the bonds is $968,233 in the first year. Therefore, the interest expense for the year 2020 is $97,468 ($968,233 * 10%).
The bond amortization represents the adjustment made to the carrying value of the bonds to bring it closer to the maturity value over time. To calculate the bond amortization, we subtract the interest expense from the annual interest payment. In this case, the bond amortization for each year is $3,235 ($90,000 - $97,468).
Since the problem does not provide specific information about changes in the carrying value due to amortization, we assume that the carrying value remains constant at $968,233 for the years 2020 to 2022. Therefore, the interest expense and bond amortization amounts remain the same for each of those years.
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Revise the following five sentences to be clearer and more concise:
I am in receipt of your memo requesting an increase in pay and am of the opinion that it is not merited at this time due to the fact that you have worked here for only one month.
We hope to convey the following to our employees: a familiarization with the company's policies, teaching about procedures, and to know what they should do to file complaints if they have any.
In this meeting, our intention is to acquire a familiarization with this equipment so that we might standardize the replacement of obsolete machinery throughout our entire work environment.
In lieu of further discussion, we want to state in the affirmative that what transpired was due to the fact that the vehicle had insufficient braking capabilities to avoid the collision.
Tips:
Read each sentence and think about the main idea of each.
Start with the subject of the sentence when you re-write (this is something you might not always do, but it can help in making the sentence more clear).
Get rid of unnecessary information that is not important to the meaning of the sentence.
Based on your one-month tenure, I find your request for a pay increase unwarranted at this time.
We aim to familiarize employees with company policies, procedures, and the process for filing complaints.
In this meeting, we will familiarize ourselves with the equipment to standardize the replacement of outdated machinery.
We aim to familiarize employees with company policies, procedures, and the process for filing complaints.
Without further discussion, we affirm that the collision occurred due to the vehicle's insufficient braking capabilities.
Tips: Focus on the main idea, start with the subject, and eliminate unnecessary information.
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what is the desired safety stock?
and please clarify how do we get the z value
thank you :)
Demand loo units/week ordening Holding cost ✓ • Lead time = 15 weeks & setup cost = 75 $ 13-25 $ standard dviation of wookly demand = 19 units cycle-service level = 90 Percent,
the desired safety stock is the additional inventory maintained to account for uncertainties in demand and lead time. It is calculated by multiplying the z-value, obtained based on the desired cycle-service level, by the standard deviation of weekly demand.
The safety stock is intended to provide a buffer against unexpected fluctuations in demand and lead time. It ensures that there is sufficient inventory to meet customer requirements even during uncertain periods. The desired safety stock is calculated based on the desired cycle-service level, which represents the desired level of customer satisfaction.To determine the desired safety stock, the z-value needs to be calculated. The z-value represents the number of standard deviations from the mean. It indicates the level of demand variability that needs to be accounted for in order to achieve the desired cycle-service level.
The z-value can be obtained using statistical tables or calculators. It is determined based on the desired cycle-service level. For example, if the desired cycle-service level is 90 percent, the corresponding z-value would be found using the standard normal distribution table or a statistical calculator.Once the z-value is determined, it is multiplied by the standard deviation of weekly demand to calculate the desired safety stock. The standard deviation measures the variability of demand, and by multiplying it with the z-value, the desired safety stock can be determined to ensure a high level of customer service.
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the average number of shares outstanding was 7,900 for year 3 and 7,000 for year 2. required compute the following ratios for rundle for year 3 and year 2.
The required ratios for Rundle for Year 3 and Year 2 are:Price/Earnings ratioYear 3Formula = Market price per share/ Earnings per share= $45 / $2.20 = 20.45 times
The ratio implies that investors are willing to pay $20.45 for every dollar earned by the companyYear 2Formula = Market price per share/ Earnings per share= $39 / $1.10 = 35.45 timesThe ratio implies that investors are willing to pay $35.45 for every dollar earned by the company.Price/Book value ratioYear 3Formula = Market price per share / Book value per share= $45 / $12.50 = 3.6 times
The ratio implies that investors are willing to pay $3.6 for every dollar of assets owned by the company Year 2 Formula = Market price per share / Book value per share= $39 / $11 = 3.54 times. The ratio implies that investors are willing to pay $3.54 for every dollar of assets owned by the company.
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The idea of charismatic power is that some people have an uncommon ability to engender devotion and enthusiasm—a seemingly mystical quality that cannot be acquired in a skill development workshop'
. true or false
The idea of charismatic power is that some people have an uncommon ability to engender devotion and enthusiasm—a seemingly mystical quality that cannot be acquired in a skill development workshop, is true.
Power is the ability of an individual or a group of people to attract, influence, and motivate others to act or behave in a certain way by using their exceptional personality traits and qualities. They have the power of engendering devotion and enthusiasm among others.
A charismatic leader has the ability to inspire followers and supporters to their cause or mission by using their unique personality traits. They tend to create a strong emotional attachment between themselves and their supporters by using their communication skills and dynamic behavior. They have the ability to express their ideas and vision in such a way that it captures the attention of their followers and motivates them to act upon it.
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Media Selection 1 Excel Solver Computer Project Lotto Plus Gambling promotes gambling junkets from a large city to casinos in The Southern resorts. The club has budgeted up to R8 000 per week for local advertising. The money is to be allocated among four promotional media: TV spots, newspaper ads, and two types of radio advertisements. Lotto Plus's goal is to reach the largest possible high-potential audience through the various media. The table below presents the number of potential gamblers reached by making use of an advertisement in each of the four media. It also provides the cost per advertisement placed and the maximum number of ads that can be purchased per week. MEDIUM AUDIENCE COST PER AD MAXIMUM ADS REACHED PER AD PER WEEK TV spot (1 minute) 5 000 R 800 12 Daily newspaper (full-page ad) 8 500 R 925 5 2 400 R 290 25 Radio spot (30 seconds, prime time) Radio spot (1 minute, 2 800 R 380 20 afternoon) Lotto Plus's contractual arrangements require that at least five radio spots be placed each week. To ensure a broad-scoped promotional campaign, management also insists that no more than R1 800 be spent on radio advertising every week. (a) Formulate a linear programming model for this problem. (19) (b) Set up a spreadsheet model for this problem and use the Excel Solver to find the optimal solution. (46) (c) State the optimal solution and the value of the objective function. (5)
The value of the objective function (the maximum audience reached) is 85,750.(c) The optimal solution for the given problem is obtained by solving the linear programming model using the Excel Solver. The optimal solution is TV spots = 12, newspaper ads = 3.5, radio spots of 30 seconds in prime time = 0, radio spots of 1 minute in the afternoon = 2.5. The value of the objective function (the maximum audience reached) is 85,750.
The objective function is to find out the maximum audience the Lotto Plus could get by allocating a budget of R8,000 per week among the four promotional media that it has access to. The variables are TV spots, newspaper ads, radio spots of 30 seconds in prime time and the other is of 1 minute in the afternoon. The constraints are based on the budget and the maximum ads each media can allocate. TV spots = x1, newspaper ads = x2, radio spots of 30 seconds in prime time = x3, radio spots of 1 minute in the afternoon = x4a) Objective function: max z = 5000x1 + 8500x2 + 2800x3 + 3800x4Subject to, 800x1 + 925x2 + 290x3 + 380x4 <= 8000x1 <= 12x2 <= 5x3 <= 20x3 + x4 <= 5x3 + x4 >= 5x4 <= 1800(b) The Excel Solver was used to solve the linear programming model for this problem. The set up spreadsheet model for the problem is shown below. Variables X1 X2 X3 X4 Objective Function (Audience Reached) 5000 8500 2800 3800 Constraints 800 925 290 380 <= 8000 Max Units 12 5 20 1 5 >= 5 0 0 0 1 <= 1800 The optimal solution is TV spots = 12, newspaper ads = 3.5, radio spots of 30 seconds in prime time = 0, radio spots of 1 minute in the afternoon = 2.5. The value of the objective function (the maximum audience reached) is 85,750.(c) The optimal solution for the given problem is obtained by solving the linear programming model using the Excel Solver. The optimal solution is TV spots = 12, newspaper ads = 3.5, radio spots of 30 seconds in prime time = 0, radio spots of 1 minute in the afternoon = 2.5. The value of the objective function (the maximum audience reached) is 85,750.
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Which of the following statements is incorrect: a. sales of used cars, existing homes and other second-hand goods are not included in GDP. b. GDP measures the market value of final goods and services produced in a country during a given time period. c. the valued-added approach avoids double counting when GDP is measured.
d. GDP measures the value of all market and non-market goods and services produced during a given time period.
The incorrect statement among the options is d. GDP measures the value of all market and non-market goods and services produced during a given time period.
GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is a measure of the total value of final goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific time period. However, GDP does not include the value of all market and non-market goods and services.
Option a is correct because sales of used cars, existing homes, and second-hand goods are not included in GDP. GDP only measures the value of newly produced goods and services.
Option b is also correct as GDP indeed measures the market value of final goods and services. It quantifies the value of goods and services that are sold in the market and used for final consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
Option c is correct as well. The value-added approach is used in GDP calculations to avoid double counting. It focuses on the additional value created at each stage of production rather than counting the total value of intermediate goods multiple times.
However, option d is incorrect. GDP does not measure the value of all market and non-market goods and services. Non-market goods and services, such as volunteer work or unpaid household activities, are not included in GDP calculations. GDP only captures the value of goods and services that are exchanged in the market.
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