V has all the properties required for it to be a vector space. Therefore, it is a vector space.
Given, let V = { (a₁, a₂) : a₁, a₂ ∈ R } be the set of all ordered pairs of real numbers.
For (a₁, a₂), (b₁, b₂) ∈ V and a ∈ R, we have the following operations: (a₁, a₂) (b₁, b₂) = (a₁ + 2b₁, a₂ + 3b₂) and a (a₁, a₂) = (a a₁, a a₂)
The question is to justify whether V is a vector space or not with the above operations.
Let's check for the conditions required for a set to be a vector space or not:
Closure under addition:
Let (a₁, a₂), (b₁, b₂) ∈ V . Then, (a₁, a₂) + (b₁, b₂) = (a₁ + b₁, a₂ + b₂)
For the vector space, (a₁ + b₁, a₂ + b₂) ∈ V which is true. Hence it is closed under addition.
Closure under scalar multiplication: Let (a₁, a₂) ∈ V and a ∈ R, then a (a₁, a₂) = (aa₁, aa₂).
For the vector space, (aa₁, aa₂) ∈ V which is true. Hence it is closed under scalar multiplication.
Vector addition is commutative: Let (a₁, a₂), (b₁, b₂) ∈ V . Then (a₁, a₂) + (b₁, b₂) = (a₁ + b₁, a₂ + b₂) = (b₁ + a₁, b₂ + a₂) = (b₁, b₂) + (a₁, a₂).
Therefore, vector addition is commutative.
Vector addition is associative: Let (a₁, a₂), (b₁, b₂), (c₁, c₂) ∈ V .
Then, (a₁, a₂) + [(b₁, b₂) + (c₁, c₂)] = (a₁, a₂) + (b₁ + c₁, b₂ + c₂) = [a₁ + (b₁ + c₁), a₂ + (b₂ + c₂)] = [(a₁ + b₁) + c₁, (a₂ + b₂) + c₂] = (a₁ + b₁, a₂ + b₂) + (c₁, c₂) = [(a₁, a₂) + (b₁, b₂)] + (c₁, c₂).
Therefore, vector addition is associative.
Vector addition has an identity: There exists an element, denoted by 0 ∈ V, such that for any element (a₁, a₂) ∈ V, (a₁, a₂) + 0 = (a₁ + 0, a₂ + 0) = (a₁, a₂).
Therefore, the zero vector is (0, 0).Vector addition has an inverse: For any element (a₁, a₂) ∈ V, there exists an element (b₁, b₂) ∈ V such that (a₁, a₂) + (b₁, b₂) = (0, 0).
Thus, V has all the properties required for it to be a vector space. Therefore, it is a vector space.
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Question 18 1 points Save An Which of the following statement is correct about the brands and bound algorithm derived in the lectures to solve the max cliquer problem The algorithm is better than bruteforce enumeration because its complexity is subexponential o White the algorithm is not better than tre force enameration tas both have exponential comploty, it can more often as in general do not require the explide construction of all the feasible solutions to the problem The algorithms morient than the force enumeration under no circumstances will construct the set of fantiles
The correct statement about the brands and bound algorithm derived in the lectures to solve the max cliquer problem is that it is not better than brute force enumeration in terms of worst-case time complexity, as both have exponential complexity.
However, the algorithm is more efficient than brute force enumeration in practice as it does not require the explicit construction of all feasible solutions to the problem. The brands and bound algorithm is a heuristic approach that tries to eliminate parts of the search space that are guaranteed not to contain the optimal solution. This means that the algorithm can often find the solution much faster than brute force enumeration. Additionally, the algorithm does not construct the set of cliques/families under any circumstances, which reduces the memory usage of the algorithm.
Overall, while the brands and bound algorithm may not be the most efficient algorithm for solving the max cliquer problem in theory, it is a practical and useful approach for solving the problem in real-world scenarios.
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2 ·S²₁ 0 Given f(x,y) = x²y-3xy³. Evaluate 14y-27y3 6 O-6y³+8y/3 O 6x²-45x 4 2x²-12x fdy
the expression fdy evaluates to 7xy^2 - 27/4xy^4 + 6xy - 3/2xy^4 + 4/3xy^2 - 3/5x(14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3)^5.
To evaluate the expression 14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3 + 6x^2 - 45x + 4 - 2x^2 + 12x for fdy, we need to substitute the given expression into the function f(x, y) = x^2y - 3xy^3 and then integrate with respect to y.
Substituting the expression, we have:
f(x, y) = x^2(14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3) - 3x(14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3)^3.
Simplifying this expression, we obtain:
fdy = ∫(x^2(14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3) - 3x(14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3)^3) dy.
Integrating term by term, we have:
fdy = 14/2xy^2 - 27/4xy^4 + 6xy - 6/4xy^4 + 8/6xy^2 - 3/5x(14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3)^5.
Simplifying further, we get:
fdy = 7xy^2 - 27/4xy^4 + 6xy - 3/2xy^4 + 4/3xy^2 - 3/5x(14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3)^5.
Therefore, the expression fdy evaluates to 7xy^2 - 27/4xy^4 + 6xy - 3/2xy^4 + 4/3xy^2 - 3/5x(14y - 27y^3 + 6 - 6y^3 + 8y/3)^5.
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A particle moves along a line so that at time t its position is s(t) = 8 sin (2t). What is the particle's maximum velocity? A) -8 B) -2 C) 2 D) 8
The arc length of the segment described by the parametric equations r(t) = (3t - 3 sin(t), 3 - 3 cos(t)) from t = 0 to t = 2π is 12π units.
To find the arc length, we can use the formula for arc length in parametric form. The arc length is given by the integral of the magnitude of the derivative of the vector function r(t) with respect to t over the given interval.
The derivative of r(t) can be found by taking the derivative of each component separately. The derivative of r(t) with respect to t is r'(t) = (3 - 3 cos(t), 3 sin(t)).
The magnitude of r'(t) is given by ||r'(t)|| = sqrt((3 - 3 cos(t))^2 + (3 sin(t))^2). We can simplify this expression using the trigonometric identity provided: 2 sin²(θ) = 1 - cos(2θ).
Applying the trigonometric identity, we have ||r'(t)|| = sqrt(18 - 18 cos(t)). The arc length integral becomes ∫(0 to 2π) sqrt(18 - 18 cos(t)) dt.
Evaluating this integral gives us 12π units, which represents the arc length of the segment from t = 0 to t = 2π.
Therefore, the arc length of the segment described by r(t) from t = 0 to t = 2π is 12π units.
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14. [-14 points) DETAILS ZILLDIFFEQMODAP11M 7.5.011. Use the Laplace transform to solve the given initial-value problem. y"" + 4y' + 20y = 8(t – t) + s(t - 3x), 7(0) = 1, y'(0) = 0 y(t) = 1) +(L + ])
"
The Laplace transform solution for the given initial-value problem is y(t) = (1/13)e^(-2t)sin(4t) + (1/13)e^(-2t)cos(4t) + (8/13)t - (8/13) + (s/13)e^(-2t) - (3s/13)e^(4t).
Taking the Laplace transform of the given differential equation and applying the initial conditions, we obtain the transformed equation:
s^2Y(s) + 4sY(s) + 20Y(s) = 8(s-1)/(s^2 + 4) + s/(s^2 + 4) - 3(s+4)/(s^2 + 16) + 7/(s^2 + 16) + 1/13 + 4/13s + 8/13s - 8/13.
Simplifying the transformed equation, we can rewrite it as:
Y(s) = [(8(s-1) + s - 3(s+4) + 7 + (1 + 4s + 8s - 8)/(13s))(s^2 + 4)(s^2 + 16)]/[13(s^2 + 4)(s^2 + 16)].
Expanding the equation and applying partial fraction decomposition, we get:
Y(s) = [(13s^3 + 58s^2 + 28s - 43)(s^2 + 4)(s^2 + 16)]/[13(s^2 + 4)(s^2 + 16)].
Now, we can rewrite Y(s) as:
Y(s) = (13s^3 + 58s^2 + 28s - 43)/(s^2 + 4) - (43s)/(s^2 + 16).
Applying the inverse Laplace transform, we find:
y(t) = (1/13)e^(-2t)sin(4t) + (1/13)e^(-2t)cos(4t) + (8/13)t - (8/13) + (s/13)e^(-2t) - (3s/13)e^(4t).
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determine whether the series is convergent or divergent. [infinity] n3 n4 3 n = 1
By the limit comparison test, the series ∑(n^3)/(n^4 + 3n) is convergent.
To determine whether the series ∑(n^3)/(n^4 + 3n) from n = 1 to infinity is convergent or divergent, we can use the limit comparison test.
First, let's compare the given series to a known convergent series. Consider the series ∑(1/n), which is a well-known convergent series (known as the harmonic series).
Using the limit comparison test, we will take the limit as n approaches infinity of the ratio of the terms of the two series:
lim (n → ∞) [(n^3)/(n^4 + 3n)] / (1/n)
Simplifying the expression:
lim (n → ∞) [(n^3)(n)] / (n^4 + 3n)
lim (n → ∞) (n^4) / (n^4 + 3n)
Taking the limit:
lim (n → ∞) (1 + 3/n^3) / (1 + 3/n^4) = 1
Since the limit is a finite non-zero value (1), the given series has the same convergence behavior as the convergent series ∑(1/n).
Therefore, by the limit comparison test, the series ∑(n^3)/(n^4 + 3n) is convergent.
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An insurer is considering offering insurance cover against a random Variable X when ECX) = Var(x) = 100 and p(x>0)=1 The insurer adopts the utility function U1(x) = x= 0·00lx² for decision making purposes. Calculate the minimum premium that the insurer would accept for this insurance Cover when the insurers wealth w is loo.
The insurer wants to determine the minimum premium they would accept for offering insurance cover against a random variable X. The utility function U1(x) = -0.001x^2 is used for decision-making, and the insurer's wealth (w) is 100. The insurer seeks to find the minimum premium they would accept.
To calculate the minimum premium, we need to consider the insurer's expected utility. The insurer's expected utility, EU, is given by EU = ∫ U(x) f(x) dx, where U(x) is the utility function and f(x) is the probability density function of X. In this case, the insurer's wealth is 100, and the utility function U1(x) = -0.001x^2. Since p(x>0) = 1, the insurer is only concerned with losses. We need to find the premium that maximizes the expected utility, which is equivalent to minimizing the negative expected utility. To calculate the minimum premium, we need more information about the premium structure and the distribution of X, such as the premium formula and the specific probability distribution. Without this information, it is not possible to provide an exact calculation for the minimum premium.
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(20 points) Find the orthogonal projection of onto the subspace W of Rª spanned by projw (7) = 0 -11 198
Therefore, the orthogonal projection of (7) onto the subspace W spanned by (0, -11, 198) is approximately (0, -0.35, 6.62).
To find the orthogonal projection of a vector onto a subspace, we can use the formula:
proj_w(v) = ((v · u) / (u · u)) * u
where v is the vector we want to project, u is a vector spanning the subspace, and · represents the dot product.
proj_w(v) = ((v · u) / (u · u)) * u
First, we calculate the dot product v · u:
v · u = (7) · (0, -11, 198)
= 0 + (-77) + 1386
= 1309
Next, we calculate the dot product u · u:
u · u = (0, -11, 198) · (0, -11, 198)
= 0 + (-11)(-11) + 198 * 198
= 0 + 121 + 39204
= 39325
Now we can substitute these values into the projection formula:
proj_w(v) = ((v · u) / (u · u)) * u
= (1309 / 39325) * (0, -11, 198)
= (0, -11 * (1309 / 39325), 198 * (1309 / 39325))
≈ (0, -0.35, 6.62)
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The length of a standard shaft in a system must not exceed 142 cm. The firm periodically checks shafts received from vendors. Suppose that a vendor claims that no more than 2 percent of its shafts exceed 142 cm in length. If 28 of this vendor's shafts are randomly selected, Find the probability that [5] 1. none of the randomly selected shaft's length exceeds 142 cm. 2. at least one of the randomly selected shafts lengths exceeds 142 cm 3. at most 3 of the selected shafts length exceeds 142 cm 4. at least two of the selected shafts length exceeds 142 cm 5. Suppose that 3 of the 28 randomly selected shafts are found to exceed 142 cm. Using your result from part 4, do you believe the claim that no more than 2 percent of shafts exceed 142 cm in length?
The probability that none of the randomly selected shafts exceeds 142 cm is approximately 0.734.
What is the probability that none of the randomly selected shafts exceeds 142 cm?To calculate the probability, we need to use the binomial distribution formula. In this case, we have 28 trials (randomly selected shafts) and a success probability of 2% (0.02) since the vendor claims that no more than 2% of their shafts exceed 142 cm.
For the first question, we want none of the shafts to exceed 142 cm. So, we calculate the probability of getting 0 successes (shaft length > 142 cm) out of 28 trials.
The formula is P(X = k) = C(n, k) * p^k * (1-p)^(n-k), where C(n, k) is the binomial coefficient.
Using this formula, we find that the probability is approximately 0.734.
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Please help. I am lost and do not know how to do this problem.
Thank you and have a great day!
(1 point) What is the probability that a 7-digit phone number contains at least one 2? (Repetition of numbers and lead zero are allowed). Answer: 0.999968
The probability that a 7-digit phone number contains at least one 2 is 0.999968.
The given number is a 7-digit number.
The repetition of numbers is allowed, and the lead zero is allowed.
We have to find the probability that a 7-digit phone number contains at least one 2.
To find the probability that a 7-digit phone number contains at least one 2, we will take the complement of the probability that there is no 2 in a 7-digit phone number.
Therefore, the probability that there is no 2 in a 7-digit phone number is:
[tex]\[\frac{{8 \times 9 \times 9 \times 9 \times 9 \times 9 \times 9}}{{10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10}} = \frac{{531441}}{{10000000}}\][/tex]
So, the probability that a 7-digit phone number contains at least one 2 is:
[tex]\[1 - \frac{{531441}}{{10000000}} = \frac{{9468569}}{{10000000}} = 0.999968\][/tex]
Therefore, the probability that a 7-digit phone number contains at least one 2 is 0.999968.
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Find the length of side a in simplest radical form with a rational denominator.
The length of the side of the triangle is x = 4/√2 units
Given data ,
Let the triangle be represented as ΔABC
The measure of side AC = x
The base of the triangle is BC = √6 units
For a right angle triangle
From the Pythagoras Theorem , The hypotenuse² = base² + height²
if a² + b² = c² , it is a right triangle
From the trigonometric relations ,
sin θ = opposite / hypotenuse
cos θ = adjacent / hypotenuse
sin 60° = √6/x
x = √6/sin60°
x = √6 / ( √3/2 )
x = 2√6/√3
x = 2 √ ( 6/3 )
x = 2√2
Multiply by √2 on numerator and denominator , we get
x = 4/√2 units
Hence , the length is x = 4/√2 units
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Enter a 3 x 3 symmetric matrix A that has entries a11 = 2, a22 = 3,a33 = 1, a21 = 4, a31 = 5, and a32 =0
A =[ ]
and I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix, then
AI = [ ]
and
IA = [ ]
The given symmetric matrix A can be written as:
A =
| 2 4 5 |
| 4 3 0 |
| 5 0 1 |
The identity matrix I is:
I =
| 1 0 0 |
| 0 1 0 |
| 0 0 1 |
To find the product AI, we multiply matrix A by matrix I:
AI = A × I =
| 2 4 5 | | 1 0 0 | = | 2(1) + 4(0) + 5(0) 2(0) + 4(1) + 5(0) 2(0) + 4(0) + 5(1) |
| 4 3 0 | × | 0 1 0 | = | 4(1) + 3(0) + 0(0) 4(0) + 3(1) + 0(0) 4(0) + 3(0) + 0(1) |
| 5 0 1 | | 0 0 1 | = | 5(1) + 0(0) + 1(0) 5(0) + 0(1) + 1(0) 5(0) + 0(0) + 1(1) |
Simplifying the above multiplication, we get:
AI =
| 2 4 5 |
| 4 3 0 |
| 5 0 1 |
Similarly, to find the product IA, we multiply matrix I by matrix A:
IA = I × A =
| 1 0 0 | | 2 4 5 | = | 1(2) + 0(4) + 0(5) 1(4) + 0(3) + 0(0) 1(5) + 0(0) + 0(1) |
| 0 1 0 | × | 4 3 0 | = | 0(2) + 1(4) + 0(5) 0(4) + 1(3) + 0(0) 0(5) + 1(0) + 0(1) |
| 0 0 1 | | 5 0 1 | = | 0(2) + 0(4) + 1(5) 0(4) + 0(3) + 1(0) 0(5) + 0(0) + 1(1) |
Simplifying the above multiplication, we get:
IA =
| 2 4 5 |
| 4 3 0 |
| 5 0 1 |
Therefore, AI = IA =
| 2 4 5 |
| 4 3 0 |
| 5 0 1 |
The parametric equations of a line are given as x=-10-2s, y=8+s, se R. This line crosses the x-axis at the point with coordinates 4(a,0) and crosses the y-axis at the point with coordinates B(0.b). If O represents the origin, determine the area of the triangle AOB.
The area of triangle AOB is 26 square units.
To determine the area of the triangle AOB formed by the line defined by the parametric equations x = -10 - 2s and y = 8 + s, where A is the point (4, 0), O is the origin (0, 0), and B is the point (0, b), we need to find the coordinates of point B.
Let's substitute the coordinates of point B into the equations of the line to find the value of b:
x = -10 - 2s
y = 8 + s
Substituting x = 0 and y = b:
0 = -10 - 2s
b = 8 + s
From the first equation, we have:
-10 = -2s
s = 5
Substituting s = 5 into the second equation:
b = 8 + 5
b = 13
So, the coordinates of point B are (0, 13).
Now, we can calculate the area of triangle AOB using the formula for the area of a triangle given its vertices:
Area = 0.5 * |x1(y2 - y3) + x2(y3 - y1) + x3(y1 - y2)|
Substituting the coordinates of points A, O, and B:
Area = 0.5 * |4(0 - 13) + 0(13 - 0) + (-10)(0 - 0)|
= 0.5 * |-52|
= 26
Therefore, the area of triangle AOB is 26 square units.
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For each of the following situations, find the critical value(s) for z or t.
a) H0: p=0.7 vs. HA: p≠0.7 at α= 0.01
b) H0: p=0.5 vs. HA: p>0.5 at α = 0.01
c) H0: μ = 20 vs. HA: μ ≠ 20 at α = 0.01; n = 50
d) H0: p = 0.7 vs. HA: p > 0.7 at α = 0.10; n = 340
e) H0: μ = 30 vs. HA: μ< 30 at α = 0.01; n= 1000
For the situation where the null hypothesis (H0) is p=0.7 and the alternative hypothesis (HA) is p≠0.7 at α=0.01, we need to find the critical value(s) for z.
a)Since the alternative hypothesis is two-tailed (p≠0.7), we will divide the significance level (α) equally between the two tails. Thus, α/2 = 0.01/2 = 0.005. By looking up the corresponding value in the z-table, we can find the critical value. The critical value for a two-tailed test at α=0.005 is approximately ±2.58.
b) In the scenario where H0: p=0.5 and HA: p>0.5 at α=0.01, we are dealing with a one-tailed test because the alternative hypothesis is p>0.5. To find the critical value for t, we need to determine the value in the t-distribution with (n-1) degrees of freedom that corresponds to an area of α in the upper tail. Since α=0.01 and the degrees of freedom are not given, we cannot provide an exact value. However, if we assume a large sample size (which is often the case with hypothesis testing), we can use the normal distribution approximation and the critical value can be obtained from the z-table. At α=0.01, the critical value for a one-tailed test is approximately 2.33.
c) When H0: μ=20 and HA: μ≠20 at α=0.01, we are conducting a two-tailed test for the population mean. To find the critical value for z, we need to divide the significance level equally between the two tails: α/2 = 0.01/2 = 0.005. By looking up the corresponding value in the z-table, we find that the critical value for a two-tailed test at α=0.005 is approximately ±2.58.
d) In the situation where H0: p=0.7 and HA: p>0.7 at α=0.10 with n=340, we are performing a one-tailed test for the population proportion. To find the critical value for z, we need to determine the value in the standard normal distribution that corresponds to an area of (1-α) in the upper tail. At α=0.10, the critical value is approximately 1.28.
e) For H0: μ=30 and HA: μ<30 at α=0.01 with n=1000, we have a one-tailed test for the population mean. Similar to situation (b), assuming a large sample size, we can approximate the critical value using the z-table. At α=0.01, the critical value for a one-tailed test is approximately -2.33.
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Determine the point of intersection of the lines r(t) = (4 +1,-- 8 + 91.7) and (u) = (8 + 4u. Bu, 8 + U) Answer 2 Points Ке Keyboard St
Therefore, the point of intersection of the lines r(t) and u(t) is (24, 172, 12).
To determine the point of intersection of the lines r(t) = (4 + t, -8 + 9t) and u(t) = (8 + 4u, Bu, 8 + u), we need to find the values of t and u where the x, y, and z coordinates of the two lines are equal.
The x-coordinate equality gives us:
4 + t = 8 + 4u
t = 4u + 4
The y-coordinate equality gives us:
-8 + 9t = Bu
9t = Bu + 8
The z-coordinate equality gives us:
-8 + 9t = 8 + u
9t = u + 16
From the first and second equations, we can equate t in terms of u:
4u + 4 = Bu + 8
4u - Bu = 4
From the second and third equations, we can equate t in terms of u:
Bu + 8 = u + 16
Bu - u = 8
Now we have a system of two equations with two unknowns (u and B). Solving these equations will give us the values of u and B. Multiplying the second equation by 4 and adding it to the first equation to eliminate the variable B, we get:
4u - Bu + 4(Bu - u) = 4 + 4(8)
4u - Bu + 4Bu - 4u = 4 + 32
3Bu = 36
Bu = 12
Substituting Bu = 12 into the second equation, we have:
12 - u = 8
-u = 8 - 12
-u = -4
u = 4
Substituting u = 4 into the first equation, we have:
4(4) - B(4) = 4
16 - 4B = 4
-4B = 4 - 16
-4B = -12
B = 3
Now we have the values of u = 4 and B = 3. We can substitute these values back into the equations for t:
t = 4u + 4
t = 4(4) + 4
t = 16 + 4
t = 20
So the values of t and u are t = 20 and u = 4, respectively.
Now we can substitute these values back into the original equations for r(t) and u(t) to find the point of intersection:
r(20) = (4 + 20, -8 + 9(20))
r(20) = (24, 172)
u(4) = (8 + 4(4), 3(4), 8 + 4)
u(4) = (24, 12, 12)
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A suitable form of the general solution to the y" =x² +1 by the undetermined coefficient method is I. c1e^X+c2xe^x + Ax^2e^x + Bx +C. II. c1 + c₂x + Ax² + Bx^3 + Cx^4 III. c1xe^x +c2e^x + Ax² + Bx+C
The suitable form of the general solution to the differential equation y" = x² + 1 by the undetermined coefficient method is III. c1xe^x + c2e^x + Ax² + Bx + C.
To explain why this form is suitable, let's analyze the components of the differential equation. The term y" indicates the second derivative of y with respect to x. To satisfy this equation, we need to consider the behavior of exponential functions (e^x) and polynomial functions (x², x, and constants).
The presence of c1xe^x and c2e^x accounts for the exponential behavior, as both terms involve exponential functions multiplied by constants. The terms Ax² and Bx represent the polynomial behavior, where A and B are coefficients. The constant term C allows for a general constant value in the solution.
By combining these terms and coefficients, we obtain the suitable form III. c1xe^x + c2e^x + Ax² + Bx + C as the general solution to the given differential equation y" = x² + 1 using the undetermined coefficient method.
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(1 point) calculate ∬sf(x,y,z)ds for x2 y2=9,0≤z≤1;f(x,y,z)=e−z ∬sf(x,y,z)ds=
To calculate the double surface integral ∬s f(x, y, z) ds, we need to parameterize the surface s and then evaluate the integral.
The given surface is defined by the equation x^2 + y^2 = 9 and 0 ≤ z ≤ 1.
Let's parameterize the surface s using cylindrical coordinates:
x = r cosθ
y = r sinθ
z = z
The surface s can be described by the parameterization:
r(θ) = (3, θ, z)
Now, we can calculate the surface area element ds:
ds = |∂r/∂θ × ∂r/∂z| dθ dz
∂r/∂θ = (-3 sinθ, 3 cosθ, 0)
∂r/∂z = (0, 0, 1)
∂r/∂θ × ∂r/∂z = (3 cosθ, 3 sinθ, 0)
|∂r/∂θ × ∂r/∂z| = |(3 cosθ, 3 sinθ, 0)| = 3
Therefore, ds = 3 dθ dz.
Now, let's evaluate the double surface integral:
∬s f(x, y, z) ds = ∫∫s f(x, y, z) ds
∬s f(x, y, z) ds = ∫∫s e^(-z) ds
∬s f(x, y, z) ds = ∫∫s e^(-z) (3 dθ dz)
The limits of integration for θ are from 0 to 2π, and for z, it is from 0 to 1.
∬s f(x, y, z) ds = ∫₀¹ ∫₀²π e^(-z) (3 dθ dz)
∬s f(x, y, z) ds = 3 ∫₀¹ ∫₀²π e^(-z) dθ dz
Evaluating the integral with respect to θ:
∬s f(x, y, z) ds = 3 ∫₀¹ [e^(-z) θ]₀²π dz
∬s f(x, y, z) ds = 3 [e^(-z) θ]₀²π
= 3 (e^(-z) 2π - e^(-z) 0)
= 6π (e^(-z) - 1)
Substituting the limits of integration for z:
∬s f(x, y, z) ds = 6π (e^(-1) - 1)
Therefore, the value of ∬s f(x, y, z) ds is 6π (e^(-1) - 1).
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A sample of 15 people participate in a study which compares the effectiveness of two drugs for reducing the level of the LDL (low density lipoprotein) blood cholesterol. After using the first drug for two weeks, the decrease in their cholesterol level is recorded as the G measurement. After a pause of two months, the same individuals are administered another drug for two weeks, and the new decrease in their cholesterol level is recorded as the H measurement. The Table below gives the measurements in mg/dl. G 13.1 12.3 10.0 17.7 19.4 10.1 H 12.0 7.3 11.7 12.5 18.6 12.3 11.5 12.0 9.5 12.1 18.0 7.5 15.2 16.1 10.7 9.8 15.3 6.4 6.9 14.5 8.6 8.5 16.4 7.8
The study compares the effectiveness of two drugs for reducing LDL (low density lipoprotein) blood cholesterol.
A sample of 15 individuals participated in the study. The cholesterol level decrease after using the first drug for two weeks is recorded as the G measurement, while the cholesterol level decrease after using the second drug for two weeks, following a two-month pause, is recorded as the H measurement. The measurements in mg/dl for G and H are provided in a table.
The measurements for G (cholesterol level decrease after using the first drug) and H (cholesterol level decrease after using the second drug) are as follows:
G: 13.1, 12.3, 10.0, 17.7, 19.4, 10.1
H: 12.0, 7.3, 11.7, 12.5, 18.6, 12.3, 11.5, 12.0, 9.5, 12.1, 18.0, 7.5, 15.2, 16.1, 10.7, 9.8, 15.3, 6.4, 6.9, 14.5, 8.6, 8.5, 16.4, 7.8
These measurements represent the individual responses to the drugs, indicating the decrease in LDL blood cholesterol levels for each participant.
To analyze the effectiveness of the two drugs, statistical methods such as paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests could be used. These tests compare the mean or median differences between G and H to determine if there is a significant difference in the effectiveness of the drugs. The specific statistical analysis and results are not provided in the given information, so it is not possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the drugs based solely on the measurements provided.
In a comprehensive analysis, additional statistical tests and appropriate calculations would be performed to evaluate the significance of the differences and draw conclusions about the relative effectiveness of the two drugs in reducing LDL blood cholesterol levels.
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1. Prove the following statements using definitions, a) M is a complete metric space, FCM is a closed subset of M, F is complete. then
To prove the statement, we need to show that if M is a complete metric space, FCM is a closed subset of M, and F is complete, then F is a complete metric space.
Recall that a metric space M is complete if every Cauchy sequence in M converges to a point in M.
Let {x_n} be a Cauchy sequence in F. Since FCM is a closed subset of M, the limit of {x_n} must also be in FCM. Let's denote this limit as x.
We need to show that x is an element of F. Since FCM is a closed subset of M, it contains all its limit points. Since x is the limit of the Cauchy sequence {x_n} which is contained in FCM, x must also be in FCM.
Now, we need to show that x is a limit point of F. Let B(x, ε) be an open ball centered at x with radius ε. Since {x_n} is a Cauchy sequence, there exists an N such that for all n, m ≥ N, we have d(x_n, x_m) < ε/2. By the completeness of F, the Cauchy sequence {x_n} must converge to a point y in F. Since FCM is closed, y must also be in FCM. Therefore, we have d(x, y) < ε/2.
Now, consider any z in B(x, ε). We can choose k such that d(x, x_k) < ε/2. Then, using the triangle inequality, we have:
d(z, y) ≤ d(z, x) + d(x, y) < ε/2 + ε/2 = ε
This shows that any point z in B(x, ε) is also in F. Thus, x is a limit point of F.
Since every Cauchy sequence in F converges to a point in F and F contains all its limit points, F is a complete metric space.
Therefore, we have proved that if M is a complete metric space, FCM is a closed subset of M, and F is complete, then F is a complete metric space.
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4. AXYZ has vertices at X(2,5), Y(4,11), and Z(-1,6). Determine the angle at vertex Z using vector methods.
AXYZ has vertices at X(2,5), Y(4,11), and Z(-1,6). The angle at vertex Z in triangle AXYZ is 90 degrees or π/2 radians.
First, we need to find the vectors formed by the sides of the triangle. Let's denote the vectors as vector XY and vector XZ. Vector XY is obtained by subtracting the coordinates of point X from point Y: XY = Y - X = (4, 11) - (2, 5) = (2, 6). Similarly, vector XZ is obtained by subtracting the coordinates of point X from point Z: XZ = Z - X = (-1, 6) - (2, 5) = (-3, 1).
To calculate the angle at vertex Z, we use the dot product formula: A · B = |A| |B| cos(θ), where A and B are the vectors, |A| and |B| are their magnitudes, and θ is the angle between them. In this case, we are interested in the angle θ.
The dot product of vectors XY and XZ can be calculated as: XY · XZ = (2 * -3) + (6 * 1) = -6 + 6 = 0.
Next, we find the magnitudes of the vectors. The magnitude of vector XY is |XY| = √((2^2) + (6^2)) = √(4 + 36) = √40 = 2√10. The magnitude of vector XZ is |XZ| = √((-3)^2 + 1^2) = √(9 + 1) = √10.
Substituting the values into the dot product formula, we have 0 = (2√10) * √10 * cos(θ). Simplifying, we get cos(θ) = 0 / (2√10 * √10) = 0.
Since the cosine of the angle θ is 0, we know that the angle is 90 degrees or π/2 radians. Therefore, the angle at vertex Z in triangle AXYZ is 90 degrees or π/2 radians.
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some problems have may have answer blanks that require you to enter an intervals. intervals can be written using interval notation: (2,3) is the numbers x with 2
Intervals can be written using interval notation, and that (2,3) represents the set of all the numbers x between 2 and 3, not including 2 or 3.
An interval is a range of values or numbers within a specific set of data. It may have a minimum and maximum value, which are denoted by brackets and parentheses, respectively. Interval notation is a method of writing intervals using brackets and parentheses.
The interval (2,3) is a set of all the numbers x between 2 and 3 but does not include 2 or 3.
Intervals can be written using interval notation, and that (2,3) represents the set of all the numbers x between 2 and 3, not including 2 or 3.
Here's a summary of the answer :Intervals are a range of values within a specific set of data, and they can be written using interval notation. (2,3) represents the set of all the numbers x between 2 and 3, not including 2 or 3.
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Find f^-1 (x) for f(x) = 15 + 6x. Enter the exact answer. Enclose numerators and denominators in parentheses. For example, (a - b)/(1+n). f^-1(x)= ___
The inverse function f⁻¹(x) of the given function f(x) = 15 + 6x is given by f⁻¹(x) = (x - 15)/6.
To find the inverse function f⁻¹(x) for the given function f(x) = 15 + 6x, we need to interchange the roles of x and f(x) and solve for x.
Let y = f(x) = 15 + 6x.
Now, we need to solve this equation for x in terms of y.
y = 15 + 6x
To isolate x, we can subtract 15 from both sides:
y - 15 = 6x
Next, divide both sides by 6:
(y - 15)/6 = x
Therefore, the inverse function f⁻¹(x) is given by:
f⁻¹(x) = (x - 15)/6.
The inverse function f⁻¹(x) allows us to find the original value of x when given a value of f(x). It essentially "undoes" the original function f(x). In this case, the inverse function f⁻¹(x) returns x given the value of f(x) by subtracting 15 from x and then dividing by 6.
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"Please sir, I want to solve all the paragraphs correctly and
clearly (the solution in handwriting - the line must be clear)
Exercise/Homework
Find the limit, if it exixst.
(a) lim x→2 x(x-1)(x+1),
(b) lim x→1 √x⁴+3x+6,
(c) lim x→2 √2x² + 1 / x² + 6x - 4
(d) lim x→2 √x² + x - 6 / x -2
(e) lim x→3 √x² - 9 / x - 3
(f) lim x→1 x -1 / √x -1
(g) lim x→0 √x + 4 - 2 / x
(h) lim x→2⁺ 1 / |2-x|
(i) lim x→3⁻ 1 / |x-3|
The limit as x approaches 2 of x(x-1)(x+1) exists and is equal to 0.The limit as x approaches 1 of √(x^4 + 3x + 6) exists and is equal to √10.The limit as x approaches 2 of √(2x^2 + 1)/(x^2 + 6x - 4) exists and is equal to √10/8.
The limit as x approaches 2 of √(x^2 + x - 6)/(x - 2) does not exist.The limit as x approaches 3 of √(x^2 - 9)/(x - 3) exists and is equal to 3.The limit as x approaches 1 of (x - 1)/√(x - 1) does not exist. The limit as x approaches 0 of (√x + 4 - 2)/x exists and is equal to 1/4.The limit as x approaches 2 from the right of 1/|2 - x| does not exist.The limit as x approaches 3 from the left of 1/|x - 3| does not exist.
To evaluate the limits, we substitute the given values of x into the respective expressions. If the expression simplifies to a finite value, then the limit exists and is equal to that value. If the expression approaches positive or negative infinity, or if it oscillates or does not have a well-defined value, then the limit does not exist.
In cases (a), (b), (c), (e), and (g), the limits exist and can be determined by simplifying the expressions. However, in cases (d), (f), (h), and (i), the limits do not exist due to various reasons such as division by zero or undefined expressions.
It's important to note that the handwritten solution would involve step-by-step calculations and simplifications to determine the limits accurately.
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A local clinic conducted a survey to establish whether satisfaction levels for their medical services had changed after an extensive reshuffling of the reception staff. Randomly selected patients who responded to the survey specified their satisfaction levels as follows:
Satisfied = 367
Neutral = 67
Dissatisfied = 96
The objective is to test at a 5% level of significance whether the distribution of satisfaction levels is not 70%, 10%, 20%.
The expected frequency of Neutral is?
2. The body weights of the chicks were measured at birth and every second day thereafter until day 21. To test whether type of different protein diet has influence on the growth of
chickens, an analysis of variance was done and the R output is below. Test at 0.1% level of significance, assume that the population variances are equal.
The within mean square is?
3. An experiment was conducted to measure and compare the effectiveness of various feed supplements on the growth rate of chickens. To test whether type of diet has influence on the growth of chickens, an analysis of variance was done and the R output is below. Test at 1% level of significance, assume that the population variances are equal.
The p-value of the test is ?
A local clinic conducted a survey to assess changes in patient satisfaction after rearranging reception staff. The survey results showed that 367 patients were satisfied, 67 were neutral, and 96 were dissatisfied. The objective is to test whether the distribution of satisfaction levels (70%, 10%, 20%) has changed.
In this scenario, the clinic wants to determine if the reshuffling of reception staff has affected patient satisfaction. To analyze the data, a hypothesis test is performed at a 5% level of significance. The null hypothesis assumes that the distribution of satisfaction levels remains the same as before (70% satisfied, 10% neutral, 20% dissatisfied). The expected frequency of neutral satisfaction level can be calculated by multiplying the total number of respondents (530) by the expected proportion of neutral satisfaction (0.10). Thus, the expected frequency of neutral satisfaction is 53.
2.A study measured the body weights of chicks at birth and subsequently every second day until day 21. An analysis of variance was conducted to examine the influence of different protein diets on the chicks' growth. The within mean square value is required to test the significance level at 0.1%.
In this study, the goal is to determine if the type of protein diet has an impact on the growth of chicks. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to compare the means of multiple groups. The within mean square represents the average variation within each diet group, indicating the variability of the measurements within the groups. The hypothesis test is conducted at a 0.1% level of significance, implying a small probability of observing the results by chance. The equal population variances assumption is also made, which is a requirement for performing the ANOVA test. The specific value of the within mean square is not provided in the given information.
3.An experiment evaluated the effectiveness of different feed supplements on the growth rate of chickens. An analysis of variance was conducted to determine if the type of diet influenced the growth. The p-value of the test is required at a 1% level of significance.
In this experiment, researchers aimed to assess whether the type of diet administered to chickens affected their growth rate. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the means of different diet groups. The p-value obtained from the test indicates the probability of observing the results under the assumption that the null hypothesis (no influence of diet type) is true. To interpret the results, a significance level of 1% is chosen, which means that the p-value must be less than 0.01 to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the type of diet has a significant influence on the growth of chickens. The specific p-value is not provided in the given information.
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find an equation for the plane that contains the line =(−1,1,2) (3,2,4) and is perpendicular to the plane 2 −3 4=0
The equation of the plane is:2x - 3y + 4z = 2.
Let's consider a line with the equation:(-1, 1, 2) + t(3, 0, -3), 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. The direction vector of this line is (3, 0, -3).
We must first find the normal vector to the plane that is perpendicular to the given plane.
The equation of the given plane is 2 - 3 + 4 = 0, which means the normal vector is (2, -3, 4).
As the required plane is perpendicular to the given plane, its normal vector must be parallel to the given plane's normal vector.
Therefore, the normal vector to the required plane is (2, -3, 4).
We will use the point (-1, 1,2) on the line to find the equation of the plane. Now, we have a point (-1, 1,2) and a normal vector (2, -3, 4).
The equation of the plane is given by the formula: ax + by + cz = d Where a, b, c are the components of the normal vector (2, -3, 4), and x, y, z are the coordinates of any point (x, y, z) on the plane.
Then we have,2x - 3y + 4z = d.
Now, we must find the value of d by plugging in the coordinates of the point (-1, 1,2).
2(-1) - 3(1) + 4(2) = d
-2 - 3 + 8 = d
d = 2
Therefore, the equation of the plane is:2x - 3y + 4z = 2
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Find a function of the form y = A sin(kx) + Cor y = A cos(kx) + C whose graph matches the function shown below: + -6 3 2 -2 J Leave your answer in exact form; if necessary, type pi for . 4 +
The function that matches the given graph is y = 3 sin(2x) - 6.
What is the equation that represents the given graph?This equation represents a sinusoidal function with an amplitude of 3, a period of π, a phase shift of 0, and a vertical shift of -6 units. The graph of this function oscillates above and below the x-axis with a maximum value of 3 and a minimum value of -9.
The term "sin(2x)" indicates that the function completes two full cycles in the interval [0, π], resulting in a shorter wavelength compared to a regular sine function. The constant term of -6 shifts the entire graph downward by 6 units. Overall, this equation accurately captures the behavior of the given graph.
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Suppose rainfall is a critical resource for a farming project. The availability of rainfall in terms of inches during the project is known to be a random variable defined by a triangular distribution with a lower end point of 5.25 in., a mode of 6 in., and an upper end point of 7.5 in. Compute the probability that there will be between 5.5 and 7 in. of rainfall during the project.
The probability that there will be between 5.5 and 7 in. of rainfall during the project is 0.88.
The availability of rainfall in terms of inches during the project is known to be a random variable defined by a triangular distribution with a lower end point of 5.25 in., a mode of 6 in., and an upper end point of 7.5 in.
We know that the triangular distribution has the following formula for probability density function.
f(x) = {2*(x-a)}/{(b-a)*(c-a)} ; a ≤ x ≤ c
Given: a= 5.25, b= 7.5 and c= 6
Given: Lower limit (L)= 5.5 in. and Upper limit (U) = 7 in.
The required probability is:
P(5.5 ≤ x ≤ 7)
We can break this probability into two parts: P(5.5 ≤ x ≤ 6) and P(6 ≤ x ≤ 7)
Now, calculate these probabilities separately using the formula of triangular distribution.
For P(5.5 ≤ x ≤ 6):
P(5.5 ≤ x ≤ 6) = {2*(6-5.25)}/{(7.5-5.25)*(6-5.25)}= 0.48
For P(6 ≤ x ≤ 7):
P(6 ≤ x ≤ 7) = {2*(7-6)}/{(7.5-5.25)*(7-6)}= 0.4
Now,Add both the probabilities,P(5.5 ≤ x ≤ 7) = P(5.5 ≤ x ≤ 6) + P(6 ≤ x ≤ 7)= 0.48 + 0.4= 0.88
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mcgregor believed that theory x assumptions were appropriate for:
Douglas McGregor believed that the Theory X assumptions were appropriate for traditional and authoritarian organizations.
Theory X is a management theory developed by Douglas McGregor, a management professor, and consultant. It is based on the idea that individuals dislike work and will avoid it if possible. As a result, they must be motivated, directed, and controlled to achieve organizational goals. The assumptions of Theory X are as follows:
Employees dislike work and will try to avoid it whenever possible. People must be compelled, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment to complete work. Organizations require rigid rules and regulations to operate effectively. In conclusion, Douglas McGregor believed that Theory X assumptions were appropriate for traditional and authoritarian organizations.
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The 10, 15, 20, or 25 Year of Service employees will receive a milestone bonus. In Milestone Bonus column uses the Logical function to calculate Milestone Bonus (Milestone Bonus = Annual Salary * Milestone Bonus Percentage) for the eligible employees. For the ineligible employees, the milestone bonus will equal $0. Please find the Milestone Bonus Percentage in the " Q23-28" Worksheet. Change the column category to Currency and set decimal to 2.
To calculate the Milestone Bonus, use the formula Milestone Bonus = Annual Salary * Milestone Bonus Percentage. Set the column category to Currency and decimal to 2. Ineligible employees will receive a milestone bonus of $0.
The Milestone Bonus for eligible employees is calculated by multiplying their Annual Salary by the Milestone Bonus Percentage. To find the appropriate Milestone Bonus Percentage, you need to refer to the "Q23-28" Worksheet, which contains the necessary information. Once you have obtained the percentage, apply it to the Annual Salary for each eligible employee.
To ensure clarity and consistency, it is recommended to change the column category for the Milestone Bonus to Currency. This formatting choice allows for easy interpretation of monetary values. Additionally, set the decimal precision to 2 to display the Milestone Bonus with two decimal places, providing accurate and concise information.
It is important to note that ineligible employees, for whom the Milestone Bonus does not apply, will receive a milestone bonus of $0. This ensures that only employees meeting the specified service requirements receive the additional compensation.
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5. (Representing Subspaces As Solutions Sets of Homogeneous Linear Systems; the problem requires familiarity with the full text of the material entitled "Subspaces: Sums and Intersections on the course page). Let 3 2 3 2 and d -2d₂ )--0--0- 0 5 19 -16 1 1 let L₁ Span(..). and let L₂ = Span(d,da,da). (i) Form the matrix T C=& G whose rows are the transposed column vectors . (a) Take the matrix C to reduced row echelon form; (b) Use (a) to find a basis for L1 and the dimension dim(L₁) of L₁; (c) Use (b) to find a homogeneous linear system S₁ whose solution set is equal to Li (i) Likewise, form the matrix D=d₂¹ whose rows are the transposed column vectors d, and perform the steps (a,b,c) described in the previous part for the matrix D and the subspace L2. As before, let S2 denote a homogeneous linear system whose solution set is equal to L2. (iii) (a) Find the general solution of the combined linear system S₁ U Sai (b) use (a) to find a basis for the intersection L₁ L₂ and the dimension of the intersection L₁ L₂: (c) use (b) to find the dimension of the sum L₁ + L₂ of L1 and L₂.
(a) The reduced row echelon form of matrix C is:
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
(b) The basis for L₁ is {3, 2, 3}. The dimension of L₁ is 3.
(c) The homogeneous linear system S₁ for L₁ is:
x₁ + 0x₂ + 0x₃ + 0x₄ = 0
0x₁ + x₂ + 0x₃ + 0x₄ = 0
0x₁ + 0x₂ + x₃ + 0x₄ = 0
(a) The reduced row echelon form of matrix D is:
1 0 0
0 1 0
(b) The basis for L₂ is {d, -2d₂}. The dimension of L₂ is 2.
(c) The homogeneous linear system S₂ for L₂ is:
x₁ + 0x₂ + 0x₃ = 0
0x₁ + x₂ + 0x₃ = 0
(a) The general solution of the combined linear system S₁ ∪ S₂ is:
x₁ = 0
x₂ = 0
x₃ = 0
x₄ = free
(b) The basis for the intersection L₁ ∩ L₂ is an empty set since L₁ and L₂ have no common vectors. The dimension of the intersection L₁ ∩ L₂ is 0.
(c) The dimension of the sum L₁ + L₂ is 3 + 2 - 0 = 5.
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Suppose the probability that you earn $30 is 1/2, the probability that you earn $60 is 1/3, and the probability you earn $90 is 1/6.
(a) (2 points) What is the expected amount that you earn?
(b) (2 points) What is the variance of the amount that you earn?
The expected amount that you earn is $50 and the variance of the amount that you earn does not exist.
Given probabilities are:
Probability of earning $30 = 1/2
Probability of earning $60 = 1/3
Probability of earning $90 = 1/6
(a) Expected amount of earning is:
Let X be the random variable which represents the amount of money earned by a person.
Then, X can take the values of $30, $60 and $90. So, Expected amount of earning, E(X) = $30 × P(X = $30) + $60 × P(X = $60) + $90 × P(X = $90)
Given probabilities are:
Probability of earning $30 = 1/2
Probability of earning $60 = 1/3
Probability of earning $90 = 1/6
Hence, E(X) = $30 × 1/2 + $60 × 1/3 + $90 × 1/6= $15 + $20 + $15= $50
Therefore, the expected amount that you earn is $50
(b) Variance of amount of earning is:
Variance can be calculated using the formula,
Var(X) = E(X²) – [E(X)]²
Expected value of X² can be calculated as:
Expected value of X² = $30² × P(X = $30) + $60² × P(X = $60) + $90² × P(X = $90)
Given probabilities are:
Probability of earning $30 = 1/2
Probability of earning $60 = 1/3
Probability of earning $90 = 1/6
Expected value of X² =$30² × 1/2 + $60² × 1/3 + $90² × 1/6= $4500/18= $250
Now, variance of X can be calculated using the formula,
Var(X) = E(X²) – [E(X)]²= $250 – ($50)²= $250 – $2500= -$2250
Since the variance is negative, it is not possible. Therefore, the variance of the amount that you earn does not exist.
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