LEARNING TASK 3

Answer And Solution

1. Calculate the molar mass of Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3)

2. Calculate the molar mass of Lactic acid (C3H6O3)

3. Calculate the molar mass of water (H2O)

4. Calculate the molar mass of ascorbic acid (C6H8O6)

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The energy released when adding an electron is the energy released in the atomization reaction. This energy is called electron affinity. The electron affinity of Si is 133.6 KJ/mol.

Electron affinity of an atom is its tendency to capture an electron from other atoms towards its nucleus. The more the electron affinity the more will be its reactivity.

The minimum energy required to remove a loosely bound electron from the valence orbital is called its ionization energy. In the given reaction, silicon is accepting an electron to form its atomic state. Thus, it is releasing the energy.

This energy released during gaining one electron is equal to the electron affinity of silicon that is 133.6 kJ/mol.

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1) Nonpolar bond

2) Polar bond

3) Polar bond

4) Non polar bond

5) Polar bond

6) Polar bond

We know that the bonds can be said to be polar when the electronegativity difference between the atoms that compose the bond is high. As such, a bond that we have between two elements that are the same would be non polar.

We know that the element that would be the most electronegative would be the non metallic element that is part of the bond. The more the electronegativity difference, the more polar the bonds.

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Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years, So:

2 x 5,730 years = 11,460 years.

So it would take 11,460 years for three-quarters of the original amount of carbon-14 in the sample to become stable.

The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time it takes for half of the original amount of the isotope to become stable. Therefore, the time it takes for three-quarters of the original amount of the isotope to become stable is twice the half-life, since half-life is the time for half to decay.

Catenation which means self linking of carbon atoms to form long chains and Tetravalency are the two properties of carbon. This might lead to the formation of a large number of carbon compounds.

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Percent yield is the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield. It is calculated to be the experimental yield divided by theoretical yield multiplied by 100%

what is theoretical yield?

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A. 3,013 seconds is the half-life for a first-order reaction that has a rate constant of 2. 3 x 10^-4s^-1

A reaction's half-life is the amount of time needed for the reactant concentration to drop to half its initial value. The concentration of the reactant has no bearing on the half-life of a first-order reaction. It is a constant and connected to the reaction's rate constant: t1/2 = 0.693/k. The phrase is frequently used in nuclear physics to refer to how long stable atoms last or how quickly unstable atoms decay radioactively.

half life (t1/2) = 0.693/ k

rate constant= 2.3*10-4

t1/2 = 0.693/2.3*10-4

t1/2= 3013 seconds

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Answer:

The correct answer is B. Cs+ represents a cesium ion.

The gauge pressure inside such a bulb when it is hot is 1.3 x 10⁴. The final actual gauge pressure is 1.14 x 10⁵ Pa

According to Gay-Law, Lussac's pressure and absolute temperature are exactly related for a constant volume. P/T = K, or P alpha T, where K is a constant, and similarly

Consequently, using the gas equation and the supplied values as replacements:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

P₂ = P₁ /T₁ X T₂

P₂ = 1.01 x10⁵/ 293  x 331

P₂ = 1.14 x 10⁵ Pa

Thus,

Pgauge = P₂ - P atm

P gauge = 1.14 x10⁵ - 1.01 x10⁵ =  1.3 x 10⁴

Gauge pressure is the term used to describe the pressure that is measured by atmospheric pressure.

When internal pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure locally, the term "gauge pressure" is used.

As per the given data, we have to determine the final actual gauge pressure.

Initial pressure = Pₐ=  atmospheric pressure

Final pressure = P +Pₐ

Final pressure = 1.3 x 10⁴ + 1.01 x10⁵ =  1.14 x 10⁵ Pa

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The triple point was also the lowest pressure where a liquid phase can coexist with a solid as well as vapor. At pressures just under 0.00604 abm, ice somehow doesn't melt to a liquid when it warms; instead, the solid sublimes straight to water vapor.

Unlike other solids, it cannot melt and instead transforms immediately into a gas. This is known as sublimation. Dry ice has a temperature of roughly -109° F! It melts quickly, so if you require dry ice for such an experimental business project, buy that as near to the time as feasible.

Any dry ice held in a closed container might pressurize the container due to the quick emission of huge amounts of CO2 gas. If the gas remains unable to escape for an extended period of time at normal room temperature, any such container could explode.

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The benefits of synthetics are numerous; they have properties not found in nature, allowing us to make things stronger, lighter, more fuel-efficient, shiner, and longer lasting. At the same time, we contribute to global pollution, have an impact on animal and human health, and require energy to produce.

The majority of synthetic fibers are pliable. Most synthetic fiber fabrics do not wrinkle easily.

Fabrics made of synthetic fibers are typically more durable, less expensive, and more widely available than natural fiber fabrics. The majority of synthetic fibers can withstand heavy loads without breaking.

Thus, The benefits of synthetics are numerous; they have properties not found in nature, allowing us to make things stronger, lighter, more fuel-efficient, shiner, and longer lasting.

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A student dilutes the 11.4 ml of a 7.04 M perchloric acid solution to the total volume of 200.0 ml. The concentration of the diluted solution is 0.40 M.

The Volume of stock solution, V₁ = 11.4 mL

The Molarity of stock solution, M₁ = 7.04 M

The Volume of diluted solution, V₂ = 200 mL

The molarity of diluted solution, M₂ = ?

The dilution law is given as :

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

M₂ = M₁ V₁ / V₁

M₂ = ( 7.04 × 11.4 ) / 200

M₂ = 0.40 M

Thus, The molarity of the diluted solution is 0.40 M.

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The frequency of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 420 nm is 8 × 10¹⁴Hz.

Wavelength is the length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next.

It is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency i.e. λ = v/f

According to this question, a wavelength of 420nm is given, which is equivalent to 4.2 × 10-⁷m.

4.2 × 10-⁷m = 3 × 10⁸/f

f = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ 4.2 × 10-⁷

f = 8 × 10¹⁴Hz

Therefore, 8 × 10¹⁴Hz is the frequency of the wave.

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The rate of change in concentrations of H2O2 and I3- are 2.8 x 10^-3M/s when the concentration of I− drops from 1. 000 M to 0. 871 M in 15s.

We know that the reaction rate is equal to change in concentration of reactant or product/ time taken.

The change in concentration of I− = 1.000 M - 0.871 M = 0.129M

The time taken to drop the concentration of I- (t) = 15s

Then the required reaction rate for I- = 0.129/15 = 0.0086M/s

The rate of change of concentration of H2O2 is

From the reaction: H2O2(aq)+3I−(aq)+2H+(aq)→I3−(aq)+2H2O(l)

(a) 3 moles of I⁻ are used up for every 1 mole of H2O2

Hence, the rate of change in concentration of H2O2 is:

Δ[H2O2]/Δt = 0.0086 M/sec * 1/3 = 0.00286 = 2.8 x 10^-3M/s

(b) Similarly for every 3 moles of I- 1 mole of I3- is used up. So,

The rate of change in concentration of I3- is:

Δ[I3−]/Δt = 0.0086 M/sec * 1/3 = 0.00286 = 2.8 x 10^-3M/s

Hence the rate of change in concentrations of H2O2 and I3- are same.

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The oxidation of citronellal to citronellic acid was studied using molecular oxygen as oxidant and gold-containing supported catalysts under aqueous conditions.

What is citronellol?

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The reactants in the reaction between vinegar and baking soda are acetic acid (C₂H₂O₂) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃).

A metathesis reaction

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Taking into account definition of percent yield, when 2.25 g of Sodium Chloride reacts with excess Silver Nitrate, 3.45 g of precipitate is formed and the percent yield is 62.5%.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

NaCl + AgNO₃ → NaNO₃ + AgCl

By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

By reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The theoretical yield of a reaction is the amount of product that would be expected to be obtained from a reaction taking into account the ideal stoichiometry, ignoring side reactions, reversibility, losses, etc.

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 58.45 grams of NaCl form 143.32 grams of AgCl, 2.25 grams of NaCl form how much mass of AgCl?

mass of AgCl= (2.25 grams of NaCl× 143.32 grams of AgCl)÷ 58.45 grams of NaCl

mass of AgCl= 5.52 grams

Then, the theoretical yield of AgCl is 5.52 grams.

The percent yield is the ratio of the actual return to the theoretical return expressed as a percentage and it is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:

percent yield= (actual yield÷ theoretical yield)× 100%

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of percent yield:

percent yield= (3.45 grams÷ 5.52 grams)× 100%

Solving:

percent yield= 62.5%

Finally, the percent yield for the reaction is 62.5%.

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Answer:

The reaction of calcium metal with water to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas can be represented by the following balanced equation:

Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

In this equation, "Ca" represents calcium metal, "H2O" represents water, "Ca(OH)2" represents calcium hydroxide, and "H2" represents hydrogen gas. The state symbols (s) , (l) and (aq) represent solid, liquid and aqueous state respectively.

This equation represents the transfer of electrons from the calcium metal to the water molecules, resulting in the formation of calcium hydroxide (a base) and hydrogen gas. The equation is balanced, with one calcium atom on the reactant side and one on the product side, and two water molecules on the reactant side and one calcium hydroxide molecule and two hydrogen atoms on the product side.

The Rf values should be kept in the range of the 0.2 to 0.8 for the most effective separation when the more than one compound is present in sample. This statement is True.

The Rf value is dependent on the polarity of the compound. Polar compounds will have the lower Rf values than the nonpolar compounds under the same conditions. The Rf value is defined as the ratio in between the distance the solute travelled and the distance the solvent travelled.

Thus, this statement is true that Rf values should be kept in the range of the 0.2 to 0.8 for the most effective separation when the more than one compound is present in sample.

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The rate law that is consistent with the proposed mechanism is [-d[H₂]/dt = k[H₂][ICl].

The sum of the two processes produces the overall reaction, which is:

H₂(g) + 2ICl(g) → 2HCl(g) + I₂(g)

We must take into account the rate-determining step, which is the step with the slowest rate, in order to derive the rate law for the total reaction. It is step 1 in this instance.

H₂(g) + ICl(g) → HI(g) + HCl(g) is the rate-determining step (g)

This step's rate rule is-d[H₂]/dt = k[H₂][ICl]

[ICl]

We can assume that the concentration of HI is always in equilibrium with the concentrations of H₂ and ICl because step 2 is quick.

Therefore, -d[H₂]/dt = k[H₂][ICl] is the rate law for the entire reaction.

Therefore,  [-d[H₂]/dt = k[H₂][ICl] is the rate law that is consistent with the hypothesized mechanism.

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The balanced chemical formula for the reaction of silver sulphide and aluminium is

3Al + 4Ag2S 6Ag + Al2S3.

The balanced equation's stoichiometry can be used to calculate how many moles of silver were produced during the reaction. In other words, for every 4 moles of silver sulphide, 6 moles of silver are produced due to the silver's 4/4 coefficient on the reactant side and 6/6 coefficient on the product side.

The number of moles of silver produced by the reaction of 6 moles of aluminium and 4 moles of silver sulphide is 6. The balanced equation's stoichiometry, which states that 4 moles of silver sulphide result in the production of 6 moles of silver, can be used to determine this.

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The moisture content is determined as follows, (weight of the container with wet soil minus weight of the container with dry soil) divided by (weight of the container with dry soil minus weight of the container), then multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.

The complete question is,

How is water absorption calculated?

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The ions are hydrated as potassium chloride (KCl) dissolves in water. The charges on the K⁺ and Cl⁻ ions draw the polar water molecules to them.

Aqueous or molten electrolytes are available. Compounds must be dissolved in water or melted to form a liquid before electrolysis can take place. This implies that when a current is applied, the ions are free to move around.

Water is present in aqueous electrolytes. The solution formed when a chemical dissolves in water contains water. This proves that the solution contains both the ionic component and water molecules.

Ions separate out of water. The two ions that can form from water molecules are hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻). They combine to form water molecules or H₂O.

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To determine the mass percent of chloride in the original sample, we need to first calculate the amount of chloride present in the sample. We can do this by using the balanced equation for the reaction between chloride and silver nitrate:

AgNO3 + Cl- → AgCl + NO3-

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of silver nitrate used in the titration:

moles of AgNO3 = volume (L) x molarity (M) = 0.03083 L x 0.7890 M = 0.02439 moles

Next, we can use the balanced equation to find the number of moles of chloride:

moles of Cl- = moles of AgNO3 = 0.02439 moles

Finally, we can use the number of moles of chloride to calculate the mass of chloride in the sample:

mass of Cl- = moles of Cl- x molar mass of Cl- = 0.02439 moles x 35.5 g/mol = 0.868 g

To find the mass percent of chloride in the original sample, we divide the mass of chloride by the total mass of the sample and multiply by 100%.

mass percent of Cl- = (mass of Cl- / total mass of sample) x 100%

Since we don't know the total mass of the sample, we can use the mass of chloride we just calculated and the formula above to find the mass percent of chloride in the original sample.

mass percent of Cl- = (0.868 g / 0.1599 g) x 100% = 54.3%

So, the mass percent of chloride in the original sample is 54.3%.

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When a pot of liquid water is boiled, the water turns to steam and rises into the air. This is an illustration of a physical change, specifically a phase change.

When water is heated, the energy added to the water causes the water molecules to move faster and overcome the forces holding them together in a liquid state. This causes the water molecules to change into a gaseous state or steam. The water molecules have not formed a new substance, they have simply changed from a liquid to a gas. A physical change is a type of change in which a substance changes form or appearance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are generally reversible, meaning that the original substance can be recovered by reversing the process. Examples of physical changes include changes of state (such as melting, freezing, boiling, or condensation), changes in particle size (such as grinding or cutting a solid), and changes in particle shape or arrangement (such as bending or stretching a solid).

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The dissociation of ozone layer requires longer wavelength to dissociate.

The absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light by the ozone layer is a vital part of the Earth's atmosphere, as it helps to protect our planet from the harmful rays of the sun. When UV light is absorbed by the ozone layer, it causes the dissociation of oxygen and ozone molecules.

To achieve this process, longer wavelengths of UV light are required. This is due to the fact that UV light of longer wavelengths has more energy, which is needed to break apart the molecules.

The result of this process is that the ozone layer is able to absorb more of the harmful UV radiation and protect the Earth.

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Answer:

Lids can be made of the same material as the pan or glass. Glass lids are made of tempered (strengthened) glass. A glass lid lets the cook watch the food cooking and usually has a reinforcing stainless steel rim.​

Answer: These are most commonly made out of stainless steel or polycarbonate, as these materials can withstand a wider range of temperatures, but polypropylene and polyethylene lids are also available

Explanation:

(a) 25.00 mL of a 2.430 M HCI solution:

Moles of HCI = (2.430 M)(0.0250 L) = 0.06075 mol

Moles of NaOH = Moles of HCI = 0.06075 mol

Volume of NaOH = (0.06075 mol NaOH)/(1.420 M NaOH) = 0.0429 L = 42.9 mL

(b) 25.00 mL of a 4.500 M H2SO4 solution:

Moles of H2SO4 = (4.500 M)(0.0250 L) = 0.1125 mol

Moles of NaOH = Moles of H2SO4 = 0.1125 mol

Volume of NaOH = (0.1125 mol NaOH)/(1.420 M NaOH) = 0.0791 L = 79.1 mL

(c) 25.00 mL of a 1.500 M H3PO4 solution:

Moles of H3PO4 = (1.500 M)(0.0250 L) = 0.0375 mol

Moles of NaOH = Moles of H3PO4 = 0.0375 mol

Volume of NaOH = (0.0375 mol NaOH)/(1.420 M NaOH) = 0.0264 L = 26.4 mL

What is moles?

Moles in chemistry is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of a substance. It is based on the number of atoms, molecules, or other particles present in a given sample.

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Answer: 215.0%

Explanation:

An effective technique to show the connections between various concepts, ideas, and pieces of knowledge is through the use of concept maps.

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Patterns of electrons and the periodic table. Since the periodic chart lists elements in order of their atomic numbers, it is simple to calculate an element's electron number from its atomic number.

A negatively charged atom known as an electrons can either be free or attached to an atom (not bound). One of the three main types of particles within an atom is an electron that is bonded to it; the other two are protons and neutrons.

The positively charged particles known as electron revolve around the outside of the nucleus. For scientists, it might be challenging to monitor them because of how quickly they spin. They are drawn to the protons' positive charge. And are the tiniest elements of an atom; a proton has 2000 of them.

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Answer:

Worldwide in damp places

Explanation:

Liverworts, like mosses and ferns, usually occur in moist or wet, cool, shady places such as along stream banks, on the terraces above streams, cool valleys