John and Fred owned, as joint tenants with right of survivorship, business property that they purchased for $40,000. John furnished one fourth of the purchase price and Fred furnished three fourths of the purchase price. Depreciation deductions allowed before Fred's death were $8,000. Under local law, each had a one half interest in the income from the property. At the time of Fred's death, the fair market value of the property was $80,000, three fourths of which is includable in Fred's estate. What is John's basis in the property at the date of Fred's death

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

$66,000

Explanation:

Given the following :

Property pur has price = $40000

John's portion of purchase price = 1/4 = (1/4 * 40000) = $10,000

Fred's portion = 3/4 = 0.75 * 40,000 = $30,000

Depreciation allowed before Fred's death = $8000

Each beared half :

That is ; (0.5 * $8000) = $4000 each

Fair market value of property at the time of Fred's death = $80,000

Portion owned by Fred at the time = 3/4

0.75 * $80,000 = $60,000

At this time, John has taken up full ownership :

Basis = $6000 + $60,000 = $66,000


Related Questions

The controller compares the bank deposit to the journal entry for cash receipts to ensure that the bank deposit matches the accounting records for the _______ account.

Answers

Answer:

Cash account

Explanation:

The controller compares the bank deposit to the journal entry for cash receipts to ensure that the bank deposit matches the accounting records for the Cash account.

The comparisms of the bank deposit to the journal by the controller who is the organization's lead accountant

in banking or financial institution is necessary so that accounting record are in order, by making sure that bank deposits are placed into a deposit account, so that it can matches accounting record for cash account. It should be noted that cash account are controlled by Federal Reserve's Regulation.

Quanti Co., a calendar year taxpayer, purchased small tools for $5,000 on December 21, 2016, representing the company's only purchase of tangible personal property that took place during 2016. On its 2016 tax return, how many months of MACRS depreciation may Quanti Co. claim on the tools (assuming they do not qualify for immediate expensing/bonus depreciation)?

Answers

Answer:

1 and a half months worth of depreciation

Explanation:

The advantage of starting to depreciate an asset purchased on December is that next year you will be able to depreciate it for a full year under MACRS.  Generally, when you purchase an asset, you have to use the half year convention and your depreciation expense for the first year will be low compared to the second year. But if you start depreciating your asset in the current year, even if you purchased it on December and the depreciation expense is not that significant, the next year you will be able to depreciate it at the second year rate.

Janine is 25 and has a good job at a biotechnology company. She currently has $5,000 in an IRA, an important part of her retirement nest egg. She believes her IRA will grow at an annual rate of 8 percent, and she plans to leave it untouched until she retires at age 65.
Janine estimates that she will need $875,000 in her total retirement nest egg by the time she is 65 in order to have retirement income of $20,000 a year (she expects that Social Security will pay her an additional $15,000 a year).
How much will Janine's IRA be worth when she needs to start withdrawing money from it when she retires?

Answers

Answer:

$108,622.60

Explanation:

Calculation for the amount Janine's IRA will worth when she needs to start withdrawing money from it when she retires

Based on the information given we were told that She has the amount of $5,000 in an IRA, which is a vital part of her retirement nest egg in which She has well believes that her IRA will increase at an annual rate of 8%.

Secondly we were told that she is 25 age and plan to retire at the age of 65 which means that the number of years until her retirement will be 40 years(65 years-25 years)

Now let calculate how much she will be worth using this formula

Amount worth= Present value in IRA*(Annual rate increase)^ Numbers of years until retirement

Let plug in the formula

Amount worth=5,000 *(1 + 0.08)^40 =

Amount worth=5,000*(1.08)^40

Amount worth =5,000*21.72452

Amount worth= $108,622.60

Therefore Janine's IRA will be worth $108,622.60 when she needs to start withdrawing money from it when she retires.

In increasingly fast-paced markets, price and technology are not enough. ________ is the factor that will often give a company its competitive edge and is defined as the totality of features that affect how a product looks, feels, and functions in terms of customer requirements

Answers

Answer:

Design

Explanation:

Product design involves development of of ideas that will lead to new or different areas products.

Design of a product gives it a unique looks, feels, and functions in terms of customer requirements.

This provides a competitive advantage to the seller by differentiating this product from others in the market.

For example customers that purchase Sony televisions enjoy a unique quality that is associated with Sony televisions. They prefer to buy this product because of these unique traits

Assume that three identical units are purchased separately on the following three dates and at the respective costs:________. June 1 at $10 June 2 at $15 July 4 at $20 The company sells two units during the period. Conclude which inventory items are sold first and which unit remains in ending inventory if the company is using the LIFO perpetual cost flow assumption.

Answers

Answer:

Under last in, first out (LIFO) inventory method, the units purchased last are used to determine the cost of goods sold. This doesn't mean that exactly the last units purchased will be sold first, it is just used as an accounting tool.

In this case, the last unit purchased costed $20, and the immediately previous one costed $15. Under LIFO, these 2 units would have been sold (COGS = $35), and the ending inventory = $10 (the price of the "oldest" unit).

Which of the following was the first emission control device?

A.Muffler
B.Catalytic converter
C.PCV Valve
D.HO2S Sensor

Answers

Answer:

The answer is A. The Muffler

Explanation:

The first muffler for cars was designed in 1897.

The function of the car muffler is to slow down the speed of movement of the exhaust gases, which helps to smooth the movements of the engine, reduce the temperature of the gases and reduce the emissions of substances that are harmful to the environment.

A corporation has shares of ​% preferred stock outstanding.​ Also, there are shares of common stock outstanding. Par value for each is​ $100. If dividend is​ paid, how much goes to the preferred​ stockholders?

Answers

Answer:

$600,000

Explanation:

Calculation for how much goes to the preferred​ stockholders

Using this formula

Preferred​ stockholders=Number of preferred shares outstanding * Preferred stock par value * Percentage of Annual dividend

Let plug in the formula

Preferred​ stockholders=50,000 x $100 x 0.12

Preferred​ stockholders= $600,000

Therefore If dividend is​ paid the amount of $600,000 goes to the preferred​ stockholders

During the late 1970s, prices quoted in terms of the Israeli currency, the shekel, rose so fast that grocery stores listed their prices in terms of the U.S. dollar and provided customers with dollar-shekel conversion tables that they updated daily. Although people continued to buy goods and services and make loans using shekels many Israeli citizens converted shekels to dollars to avoid a reduction in their wealth due to inflation. Thus, the U.S. dollar functioned as money in Israel during this period.
A. as a standard of deferred payment.
B. as a credit card.
C. as a medium of exchange.
D. as a unit of accounting.

Answers

Answer:

D. As a unit of accounting

Explanation:

The U.S. dollar functioned as money in Israel during this period as a unit of accounting.

Money can be defined as anything that is generally acceptable as a medium of exchange or form of payment

There are different functions of money which includes:

1. Medium of exchange

2. Store of value

3. Units of accounting

1. Medium of exchange. Money functions as a medium of exchange between buyers and sellers. Exchange of goods and services is made easy with the use of money.

2. Store of value: Money functions as a store of value. That is, money should remain valuable when stored for a period of time.

3. Unit of account: Money also functions as a unit of account, that is, providing a common measure of the value of goods and services being exchanged.

A farm is currently producing at point C on this curve.


If they decided to move production to any other point on the curve, what would be the MOST LIKELY result.



The farm would make more money since they would produce more apples or oranges.


The farm would face trade offs in production of apples or oranges.


The farm would produce more apples and less oranges.

Answers

Answer:

the farm would face trade offs in production of apples or oranges

Explanation:

i have a brain and I used it

Blue Nile is an online retailer of diamonds that has used responsive transportation to ship diamonds to customers in the United States, Canada, and several countries in Europe and Asia. Which is the mode of transportation used with this strategy

Answers

Answer:

Air transportation.

Explanation:

Responsive transportation is a form of shared transportation system where regular public transit or a personalized taxi that are frequent on a particular route are used to enhance a speedy and economical delivery of items and passengers en - route different destinations but in the same direction.

Looking at the three major modes of transportation which are road , air and sea, the one that suits this scenario is the Air system.

Being an international route , the road system does not fit in , and the ship on the sea is not a good option for responsive transportation considering its speed.

What’s a good starter?

Answers

Smoked salmon with prawns, horseradish cream & lime vinaigrette. ...
Potted crab. ...
Charred spring onions & romesco. ...
Scallops with chorizo & hazelnut picada. ...
Triple cheese & tarragon-stuffed mushrooms. ...
Grilled lobster tails with lemon & herb butter. ...
Watercress & celeriac soup with goat's cheese croutons.

If the book value per share is $40 and the market price is 52.50 per share calculate the required rate of return on the stock.

Answers

Answer:

0.11 or 11%

Explanation:

The computation of the required rate of return is given below:

Required Rate of Return is

= Next Year Dividend ÷ Current Market Price + Growth Rate

= $3.15 ÷ $52.50 + 0.05

= 0.06 + 0.05

= 0.11 or 11%

working note

Given that

Current Market Price = $52.50

As we know that  

Growth Rate = Return on Equity × Retained Earning Ratio

Now  

Return on Equity = EPS ÷ Book Value of Share

= $5 ÷ 40

= 12.50%

So,  

Retained Earning Ratio is

= 1 - Dividend Payout Ratio

= 1 - 0.60

= 0.40

And,

Dividend Payout Ratio = DPS ÷ EPS

= $3 ÷ $5

= 0.60

Now

Growth Rate = 12.50% × 0.40

= 5%

So,

Next Year Dividend = Dividend Recently paid × (1 + growth rate )

= $3 × 1.05

= $3.15

Which of the following statements is true of organizational behavior knowledge? 1 point A. It is relevant to everyone who works in organizations. B. It should never be used to influence the behavior of other people. C. It should be used by managers and senior executives alone. D. It should not be used by subordinates to influence the behavior of their managers. E. It is less significant when the level of interpersonal interaction is high

Answers

Answer:

A. It is relevant to everyone who works in organizations

Explanation:

The organization behaviour is the study of human behaviour that takes place in an organised environment. The organisation behaviour is categorized into three levels as macro, micro and meso level. It has influences n a multiple of disciplines as sociology, psychology and economics. The best-known authors are those of the henry fayol, Chester Barnes and others.

Organizational behavior expertise is relevant to everybody who works in companies.

So, option A. (It is relevant to everyone who works in organizations.) is correct.

What Is Organizational Behavior?

The systematic study and use of knowledge about just how individuals and groups conduct inside the organizations where they work is known as organizational behavior (OB).

Organizational knowledge allows for a greater understanding of knowledge requirements. It maintains a steady stream of high-quality results and encourages long-term growth.

Organizational behavior expertise is relevant to everybody who works in companies.

So, option A. (It is relevant to everyone who works in organizations.) is correct.

Find out more information about organizational behavior here:

https://brainly.com/question/18882734?referrer=searchResults

Randy complained to his boss Maryann that he received the same bonus this quarter as everyone else,despite the longer hours he had worked and his higher level of experience,production and efficiency.If Maryann can't change the bonus,she should expect that Randy might respond in any of the following ways except _____.
A) ignoring his feeling of resentment and trying harder in next quarter
B) transferring
C) quitting
D) reducing his production
E) reducing his hours

Answers

Answer:

A) ignoring his feeling of resentment and trying harder in next quarter

Explanation:

It is common for employees who are frustrated for some reason to be able to use negative emotions to deal with the situation, such as reduced productivity, commitment and engagement at work.

Therefore, it is not expected that an employee will try harder in the next quarter after this situation.

But in an ideal scenario, the key would be for the employee to continue to strive and do his job in the best possible way, because in some situation there may be a reward, since a good manager knows his employees and is concerned with creating strategies that be able to recognize and reward your efforts.

EFT, Inc. EFT, Inc. wants to empower and engage its employees. They have several teams consisting of highly skilled employees and no one person on these teams has a specifically assigned position. Instead, employees lead each other as the occasion arises so there is no formal hierarchy or organizational chart. This type of leadership is most effective when:

Answers

Answer:

This question is incomplete, the options are missing and the final sentence is written wrong.

The options are the following:

a) People-oriented leadership

b) Managerial leadership

c) Shared leadership

d) Servant leadership

And the correct answer is the option C: Shared leadership

That type of leadership is known as Shared leadership.

Explanation:

To begin with, the "Shared leadership" is the name given to a style of leadership that is used in the companies with the purpose of letting the members of a team to work together as there were no leader at all but instead every member lead each other as the occassions arises and the project goes on. Therefore that this style matches with the description given in where the team members help each other to resolve the situations that evolve as long as the project keeps to continue.

A registered representative reads in that morning's newspaper that "Asian securities markets appear to have finally bottomed out." Based on this information, the registered representative calls each of her customers and says "Now is the time to buy Asia Fund." This action by the registered representative is:

Answers

Answer: Is a prohibited practice, since a suitability determination was not made for each client.

Explanation:

One of the major reasons of going into a particular field or specialization in market is if you really wanted and can suit the market you're going into. Emergency entry into the market sometimes can fail, the fact every opportunity opens up doesn't mean you'll jump into it; one thing to consider is; is it suitable for my organization to go after, then get to know the pros and cons, weigh them, then decide.

Which of the following is an owner of a fee simple absolute NOT able to do...? Lease the property to another Pledge the property as security of a debt Build beyond the property line of the land Grant an easement

Answers

Answer:

Correct Answer:

4. Build beyond the property line of the land

Explanation:

Fee simple absolute is an estate in land, which is a form of freehold ownership. It is a way that real estate and land may be owned in common-law countries. And, also is the highest possible ownership interest that can be held in real property.

​Harley-Davidson disciples share a​ common, deeply held attraction to the brand. Harley appeals​ include: freedom,​ independence, power, and authenticity.​ Harley-Davidson doesn't just sell motorcycles. It sells​ self-expression, lifestyles,​ aspirations, and dreams. This illustrates​ core customer values

Answers

Answer: Brand personality

Explanation:

Brand personality is what the customers can easily relate to about a particular brand. To develop and maintain a strong brand, having a brand personality is vital.

From the question, we are informed that Harley appeals​ include freedom,​ independence, power, and authenticity and that Harley-Davidson doesn't just sell motorcycles, it sells​ self-expression, lifestyles,​ aspirations, and dreams. This illustrates brand personality.

True, its illustrated Core Customer Value.

Core customer values refers to the perception of what a product or service of a company is worth to a customer against the effort of buying such product.

These values are what attracts customers to a product or a firm.

Question sometime asked by customer that what do i gain from this product despite being costlier? The Core values the customer got from the product or firm keeps the attraction.

In conclusion, the values are displayed effectively by product or firms in other to persuade new customer as well as to attract existing customers.

Learn more about Core customer values here

brainly.com/question/15073502

ABC International sells a machine for $35,000 in cash on December 31, 2019. Initially this asset was purchased on 01 January 2013 for $100,000 with the estimated useful life of 10 years. Please prepare the journal entry and supporting calculations for this asset sale transaction.

Answers

Answer:

$1000023033500

Explanation:

100000*35000

The real exchange rate measures the: Group of answer choices number of foreign goods one unit of domestic currency can buy amount of foreign currency one can get for one unit of domestic currency value of foreign currency denominated in domestic prices relationship between foreign and domestic interest rate number of foreign goods required to purchase a single unit of a domestic good

Answers

Answer:

number of foreign goods required to purchase a single unit of a domestic good

Explanation:

The real exchange rate is the rate which says that the rate at which the goods and services that are produced in the domestic country would be exchanged with the foreign goods and services

It could find out by applying the following formula

The Real exchange rate is

= Nominal exchange rate × (Foreign price ÷ Domestic price)

Hene, the last option is correct

Samantha is a single mother raising two young children. In 2015, she was let go from her assembly line job at the car plant where she had worked for 15 years. She has a 15 hr a week job which pays $12,000.00 a year. She qualifies for and receives the earned income tax credit. What will happen to her earned income credit if Samantha gets in increase in her pay and earns $17,350 now

Answers

Answer:

Her EITC will not be decreased.

In 20X4, X Company purchased land for a new office building at a purchase price of $325,000. There was an existing building on the site that was demolished at a cost of $12,000. Scrap from the demolition was sold for $3,500. The building was completed during 20X4. In addition:

Answers

Answer:

$359,000 and $1,323,000

Explanation:

The computation of the amount reported for land and building is shown below:

For land

= Purchase price + attorneys + demolishing cost - scrap value + engineering fees

= $325,000 + $7,500 + $12,000 - $3,500 + $18,000

= $359,000

For buidling

= Architect fees + building permits + construction cost

= $40,000 + $8,000 + $1,275,000

= $1,323,000

Sunland Inc. took a physical inventory at the end of the year and determined that $789000 of goods were on hand. In addition, Sunland, Inc. determined that $61500 of goods that were in transit that were shipped f.o.b. shipping point were actually received two days after the inventory count and that the company had $87500 of goods out on consignment. What amount should Sunland report as inventory at the end of the year

Answers

I need points 25;!8;

______ costs are administrative costs related to determining an order quantity, preparing purchase invoices, inspecting goods received for quality and quantity, and moving goods for temporary storage.

Answers

Answer: Ordering

Explanation:

Ordering cost tends to look at the cost required to order a particular item, from the initiation of the process till it's being inspected on it's arrival till it's moved to the store room. The first aspect is making enquires for the item, this us followed by bidding for the item, purchasing it, inspection and delivering to it's temporary location.

All the following statements concerning universal life insurance are correct EXCEPT: Group of answer choices Interest credited to the cash value is taxable to a policyowner in the year credited. The policyowner can add to a policy's cash value at any time subject to policy guidelines. Interest is credited to the policy's cash value each month. Withdrawals from a policy's cash value reduce the death benefit.

Answers

Answer:

Withdrawals from a policy's cash value reduce the death benefit.

Explanation:

Universal life insurance is a permanent life insurance plan that has flexible premium payments and premiums are also low.

Only a determined death benefit is paid to the policy holder's beneficiary.

As premium is paid to the account, it earns interest. The excess amount above the death benefit is called the cash value.

Policy holder is allowed to withdraw the cash value and the withdrawal is subject to taxation.

However these withdrawals do not affect the death benefit which is fixed. Policy holder cannot withdraw into the death benefit amount.

When the policy holder does the insurance company keeps the cash value (excess over dear benefit amount). While the beneficiary gets only the agreed death benefit.

So the statement - Withdrawals from a policy's cash value reduce the death benefit.

Is untrue.

Kickstarter is known as a(n) ___ website because it allows the general public to provide financial support to organizations and individuals that are working on a new product.

Answers

Answer: crowdfunding

Explanation:

Crowdfunding is when a project is being funded by collecting little amounts of money from the people, usually through Internet.

Kickstarter is known as a crowdfunding website because it allows the general public to provide financial support to organizations and individuals that are working on a new product.

Which of the following actions would cause the aggregate demand curve to shift to the​ left? A. an increase in government spending caused by increased spending on highways and bridge construction B. a decrease net export spending caused by an appreciation of the home currency C. an increase in exports caused by an increase in economic activity in the European Union D. an increase in consumer spending caused by a cut in the personal income tax rate

Answers

Answer:

B. a decrease net export spending caused by an appreciation of the home currency

Explanation:

When the aggregate demand curve shifts to the left, it means that total consumer spending decreases. This decrease might result from consumers having less money due to a rise in unemployment, high inflation, a decrease in economic activity or an increase in taxes. This type of shift is specially "dangerous" for the economy because consumer spending represents almost 70% of the GDP.

In this case, the appreciation of the US dollar resulted in a decrease in economic activity of exporting companies.

Mark, the sales manager at Lance Motors has called for a meeting with all his sales representatives. He wants to give them feedback, and set new guidelines regarding their annual targets. With reference to the transmission phase of communication, which of the following best describes Mark's role?
A) Recipient
B) Sender
C) Messenger
D) Receiver
E) Decoder

Answers

Answer:

B) Sender

Explanation:

As we know that the communication process consists of 6 things i.e sender, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback so that the communication process could become efficient and effective

Here Mark who is the sales manager and wants to give feedback and set new guidelines for the annual targets

So here the Mark role is of the sender

hence, the correct option is B.

in a quiz for Marks and given for correct answer and negative marks are given for incorrect answer if Jacks score 20 five successive rounds 25,-5,-10,15 and 10, what was total at the end​

Answers

Answer:

35

Explanation:

I believe he has 35 marks at the end but I could be wrong.

Andrea hired Jack to be the sales agent for her paintings. However, in a month's time, she terminated the agency with Jack. Harold, a customer who had dealt with Jack earlier, was not aware of the termination. Harold approached Jack to buy a painting and wrote him a check of $5,000, the advance payment for the painting which Jack promised would be delivered in two weeks. When Jack did not contact Harold later, Harold demanded that Andrea honor the contract, since Jack sold the picture as her agent. Which of the following is true of this situation?
A. Since Jack had apparent authority, Andrea is liable to honor his contract with Harold.
B. Harold's duty was to contact Andrea. His failure to do this removes her liability to honor the contract.
C. Jack had express authority as Andrea's agent, which is not terminated with the termination of their agency.
D. As Andrea terminated the agency with Jack in violation of his rights, Jack has the direct authority to sell her paintings.

Answers

Answer:

A. Since Jack had apparent authority, Andrea is liable to honor his contract with Harold.

Explanation:

The Contract defines that when two or more persons bound for a purpose legally.

Contract = Agreement + enforceble

Here as per the given situation Andrea hired Jack as the sales representative for her portraits. She suspended the organisation with Jack though, in a month's time.

Harold, a client who had previously worked with Jack, was not informed of the closure. Harold contacted Jack to purchase a painting, and gave him a $5,000 check, the painting advance payment that Jack agreed would be shipped in two weeks.

As Jack later failed to reach Harold, Harold requested that Andrea uphold the deal, as Jack sold the picture as her agent

Andrea is liable to uphold his deal with Harold, as Jack had obvious authority.

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Consider the WACC formula, if the required rate of return on preferred stock increases, holding all else equal, the WACC increases.a) trueb) false Please match the correct word to its definition. Group of answer choices A series of rulers for a kingdom from the same family. [ Choose ] A large barricade meant to keep out northern invaders. [ Choose ] The idea that good, virtuous rulers have the gods' approval and right to rule, but this can be lost. [ Choose ] A river in the middle of China, also called Yellow River. [ Choose ] A river in southern China that is the longest river in Asia. [ Choose ] A Chinese philosopher emphasizing respect to elders. A firm is expected to have net earnings of $1,480,000 three years from now. There are 500,000 shares of stock outstanding. The firm's current P/E ratio is 18 and it is expected to remain at that level. What is the firm's expected stock price for year 3 True or False.Section 1981 provides similar relief to an aggrieved employee as Title VII. What is the relationship between DNA mutation and sickle-cell anemia? (1 point)O Sickle-cell anemia and DNA mutations are correlated without any causal relationship.O Sickle-cell anemia causes a DNA mutation.O A DNA mutation causes sickle-cell anemia.O A DNA mutation is correlated with but does not cause sickle-cell anemia. 1. The Hawaiian Islands are examples of islands that formed over a hotspot. Based on this information, which of the following processes formed the Hawaiian Islands? (2 points) Melted rock called magma rose through holes in Earth's crust and gradually solidified as it cooled. Tectonic movement forced certain segments of Earth's crust downward and other segments upward in jagged chunks. One tectonic plate moved beneath another plate at a subduction zone, causing the rock to melt and rise above Earth's surface. Segments of Earth's crust bent and doubled over, and moving wind and water gradually shaped the rock into gently sloping domes. Find the volume V of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about the specified line. x a break in which of the following would cause a secrion of bone to die 23.24 divided by 2.8 can someone help me with this and show me how to do it? Plz Help. Read the excerpt below and answer the question. In this way, Mr. Brown learned a good deal about the religion of the clan and he came to the conclusion that a frontal attack on it would not succeed. And so he built a school and a little hospital in Umuofia. In this excerpt from Things Fall Apart, Achebes use of the phrase frontal attack hints that _____. Mr. Brown has ultimately hostile motives Mr. Brown was once a member of the military Mr. Brown is deadly serious about converting the Igbo Mr. Brown considers charitable work to be a matter of life and death What is the solution to -5 + z = -12 A. z = -17 B. z = -7 C. z = 7 D. z = 17 Are you happy with your personality? Would you like to be different? What would it be? James hires Franco for a painting job. Their contract explicitly states that Franco's employment can be terminated if he is employed by another party during the contract period. Two weeks into the job, James finds out that Franco is also working for a painting agency two blocks away and terminates his employment. This is an instance of ________. Which statement defines an ore? Which statement describes the graph of x = 4 What are the slope and y-intercept of the equation 2x - 5y = -10? PLEASE HELP ! (2/5) -50 POINTS - Which type of muscle contracts without nervous stimulation? How does the free enterprise system distribute jobs? by the majority rule of voters by government regulations by competition among workers by compromise among citizens