It’s time to lock down the design details for the redesigned Brick and Egyptian candles. Because of manufacturing constraints, the base length for each candle has to be at least 2 cm and can be no more than 10 cm. Make a recommendation for the base dimensions of each candle. Explain how you determined your base dimensions. Your reasoning does not have to be all math related.

Answer:

THE SMALLEST FORMS:

- smallest prism ---> the cube with all sides 2 ==> the volume is 2*2*2 = 8 cm^3

- smallest pyramid number one ---> the pyramid with base sides 2 and the height also 2 ==> the volume is (1/3)*2*2*2 = 8/3 cm^3

- smallest pyramid number two ---> the pyramid with base sides 2 and the lateral sides also 2 ==> the radius of the base is sqrt(2) ==> [pyramid_height]^2 = [lateral_side]^2 - [base_radius]^2 = 2^2 - sqrt(2)^2 = 4 - 2 = 2 ==> pyramid_height = sqrt(2) ==> the volume is (1/3)*2*2*sqrt(2) = 4*sqrt(2)/3 cm^3

- smallest cylinder --> the cylinder of diameter 2 and height also 2 ==> the radius is diameter/2 = 2/2 = 1 ==> the volume is pi*(radius^2)*height = pi*(1^2)*2 = pi*1*2 = 2*pi cm^3

The lesser volume is the volume of the smallest pyramid number two. ==> it's wax cost is approximately 0.0075 * 4 * 1.42 / 3 $ per candle = 0.014 $ per candle ==> the total cost  per candle is approximately 0.014 + 1.6 = 1.614 $ per candle.

THE BIGGEST FORMS:

- biggest prism ---> the cube with all sides 10 ==> the volume is 10*10*10 = 1000 cm^3

- biggest pyramid number one ---> the pyramid with base sides 10 and the height also 10 ==> the volume is (1/3)*10*10*10 = 1000/3 cm^3

- biggest pyramid number two ---> the pyramid with base sides 10 and the lateral sides also 10 ==> the radius of the base is 5*sqrt(2) ==> [pyramid_height]^2 = [lateral_side]^2 - [base_radius]^2 = 10^2 - [5*sqrt(2)]^2 = 100 - 50 = 50 ==> pyramid_height = 5*sqrt(2) ==> the volume is (1/3)*10*10*5*sqrt(2) = 500*sqrt(2)/3 cm^3

- biggest cylinder --> the cylinder of diameter 10 and height also 10 ==> the radius is diameter/2 = 10/2 = 5 ==> the volume is pi*(radius^2)*height = pi*(5^2)*10 = pi*25*10 = 250*pi cm^3

The bigger volume is the volume of the biggest prism (the side-10 cube). ==> it's wax cost is  0.0075 * 1000 $ per candle = 7.5 $ per candle ==> the total cost per candle is 7.5 + 1.6 = 9.1 $ per candle

The range of the cost is the interval [1.614 ; 9.1]. Depending on other prices on the market,  you greed, and other factors you will put a profit margin: maybe 20% of the cost ; maybe a fixed margin like 5$. So the price per candle will be the cost per candle plus the profit margin per candle.

If I were to choose the base length I would have to say 6 because it is the arithmetic mean between 2 and 10: (2+10)/2 = 12/2 = 6. 2cm is too small, and 10cm is too big.

Also if you start with a rectangle of length 10 and width 2 and you have to find the rectangle with the largest area by being allowed to increase the width and decrease the width with the same quantity you get this:

Area of the new rectangle is (10-x)(2+x) = -x^2 + 8x + 20 = -x^2 + 8x -16 + 36 = -(x^2 - 2*x*4 + 4^2) + 36 = -(x-4)^2 + 36 = 36 - (x-4)^2 which has the maximum value of 36 because out of 36 you subtract a positive value. You get the maximum when (x-4)^2 = 0 ==> x-4=0 ==> x=4

The new length is 10-4=6 and the new width is 2+4=6.

Next I would choose the height of the prism (I like prisms :P) to be [the_golden_ratio]*[base_side] which is approximately 1.618 * 6 = 9.708 which I would round up to 10. ==> The volume would be 6*6*10 = 360 cm^3. ==> the cost would be 0.0075*360 + 1.6 = 2.7 + 1.6 = 4.3 $ per candle. And because my candle is so perfect I'd put the profit margin to be 5.69 $ per candle so I can proudly show it in the store with the price of 4.3 + 5.69 = 9.99 $ :)

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