It may appear that an unopened bottle of carbonated water does not contain any gases, but when you open it the water fizzes. How can the large-scale behavior of this system be explained in terms of pressure and the solubility of particles at a small scale?

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

When an unopened bottle of carbonated water appears to contain no gases, it is actually because the gas is dissolved in the water under pressure. This large-scale behavior can be explained by understanding the relationship between pressure, solubility, and the behavior of particles at a small scale.

Carbonated water is typically created by dissolving carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in water under pressure. At a small scale, water molecules form a network of hydrogen bonds, creating spaces where gas molecules can fit. When CO2 is dissolved in water, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), which contributes to the slightly acidic taste of carbonated water. The solubility of CO2 in water increases with increasing pressure.

Henry's Law describes the relationship between the solubility of a gas in a liquid and the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. According to Henry's Law, at a constant temperature, the amount of dissolved gas is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the liquid. In the case of carbonated water, when the bottle is sealed, the pressure inside the bottle is higher than atmospheric pressure, and a larger amount of CO2 can dissolve in the water.

When you open the bottle, the pressure inside the bottle rapidly decreases to match the atmospheric pressure. As a result, the solubility of CO2 in the water decreases, and the excess CO2 comes out of the solution in the form of bubbles. This is the fizzing you observe when opening a bottle of carbonated water. At a small scale, the CO2 molecules that were once dissolved in the water now form bubbles, which grow and rise to the surface, eventually escaping into the air.


Related Questions

Which has more kinetic energy: a 0.0020-kg bullet traveling at 415 m/s or a 6.9 107-kg ocean liner traveling at 14 m/s (27 knots)?

Ek-bullet = ____ J
Ek-ocean liner = ____ J

Answers

The bullet has a kinetic energy of approximately 344.45 joules (J), while the ocean liner has a kinetic energy of approximately 676,200,000 joules (J). As we can see, the ocean liner has significantly more kinetic energy than the bullet due to its larger mass and velocity.

To calculate the kinetic energy of an object, we use the formula:

Kinetic Energy (Ek) = 0.5 * mass * velocity^2

Let's calculate the kinetic energy for both the bullet and the ocean liner:

For the bullet:

Mass (m) = 0.0020 kg

Velocity (v) = 415 m/s

Ek-bullet = 0.5 * 0.0020 kg * (415 m/s)^2

Ek-bullet = 0.5 * 0.0020 kg * 172225 m^2/s^2

Ek-bullet = 344.45 J

For the ocean liner:

Mass (m) = 6.9 * 10^7 kg

Velocity (v) = 14 m/s

Ek-ocean liner = 0.5 * (6.9 * 10^7 kg) * (14 m/s)^2

Ek-ocean liner = 0.5 * (6.9 * 10^7 kg) * 196 m^2/s^2

Ek-ocean liner = 676200000 J

Therefore, the bullet has a kinetic energy of approximately 344.45 joules (J), while the ocean liner has a kinetic energy of approximately 676,200,000 joules (J). As we can see, the ocean liner has significantly more kinetic energy than the bullet due to its larger mass and velocity.

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The sun, the moon, the stars, the earth all are made up of 4) Symbol 2) Mixture 3) Matter 1) Material ​

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The sun, the moon, the stars, the earth all are made up of matter.

Matter refers to anything that has mass and occupies space. It is the substance that makes up all physical objects in the universe, including both living and non-living things. Matter can exist in different states, namely solid, liquid, and gas, depending on the arrangement and movement of its particles. Matter is composed of atoms, which are the smallest units of matter that retain the chemical properties of an element. Atoms combine to form molecules, which can be made up of one or more different types of atoms bonded together. These molecules then come together to form different substances.

The properties of matter, such as its density, color, texture, and ability to conduct heat or electricity, are determined by the composition, arrangement, and interactions of its particles. Matter can undergo physical and chemical changes, including phase transitions (such as melting, freezing, and vaporization) and chemical reactions, where substances can be transformed into new substances with different properties. It is important to note that matter also includes forms that are not directly visible to the  eye, such as subatomic particles

The sun, the moon, the stars, and the Earth are all made up of matter. Matter refers to anything that has mass and occupies space. It is composed of atoms and molecules, which are the building blocks of all substances. While symbols can represent or signify various concepts or objects, they are not physical entities made up of matter. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances, but it does not encompass celestial bodies like the sun, moon, stars, or Earth. Material is a more general term that can refer to various physical substances, but it does not specifically indicate the composition or nature of celestial bodies.

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which is an example of a colloid? a mixture that settles out, a mixture that scatters light, a mixture that is separated by filtration, or a salt and water mixture?

Answers

These substances have dispersed particles that are large enough to scatter light, making the beam visible. Therefore, out of the options provided, a mixture that scatters light is an example of a colloid. Option B)

A colloid is a type of mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout a medium, creating a homogeneous appearance. Unlike solutions, where the particles are completely dissolved, and suspensions, where the particles settle out, colloids have particles that are larger than those in solutions but smaller than those in suspensions. One characteristic of colloids is that they can scatter light due to the size of the particles. This scattering of light is known as the Tyndall effect. Examples of colloids include milk, fog, and aerosol sprays. These substances have dispersed particles that are large enough to scatter light, making the beam visible. Therefore, out of the options provided, a mixture that scatters light is an example of a colloid. Therefore option B) is correct

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Note Complete Question

which is an example of a colloid?

a mixture that settles out,

b mixture that scatters light,

c mixture that is separated by filtration,  

d salt and water mixture?

What is the Difference between tcs and non tcs foods

Answers

Answer:

Tcs foods are foods that pose a greater risk of causing foodborne illness if not prepared.

Non Tcs foods on the other hand, are foods that are less likely to support the growth of bacteria and have a lower risk of causing foodborne illness.

A balloon filled with 0.0303 mol of helium at 30°C and a pressure of 1.0 atm occupies a volume of 0.75 L and has a density of 0.161 g/L. What would the density of the helium gas be if the balloon was placed in the freezer at -10 C and a pressure of 2.0 atm?

Answers

Answer:

the density of the helium gas would be approximately 0.369 g/L when the balloon is placed in the freezer at -10°C and a pressure of 2.0 atm.

Explanation:

To calculate the density of helium gas in the balloon after it is placed in the freezer at -10°C and a pressure of 2.0 atm, we can use the ideal gas law and the relationship between density, molar mass, and molar volume.

First, let's find the initial molar volume of the helium gas using the given conditions:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = pressure = 1.0 atm

V = volume = 0.75 L

n = number of moles = 0.0303 mol

R = ideal gas constant = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)

T = temperature in Kelvin

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, we add 273.15:

T = 30°C + 273.15 = 303.15 K

Using the ideal gas law, we can calculate the initial molar volume:

V_initial = (n * R * T) / P

V_initial = (0.0303 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 303.15 K) / 1.0 atm

V_initial ≈ 0.754 L

Next, we can calculate the molar mass of helium (He) using the atomic mass of helium:

Molar mass of He = 4.003 g/mol

Now we can calculate the initial density of the helium gas in the balloon:

Initial density = (mass of helium gas) / (volume of helium gas)

Initial density = (0.0303 mol * 4.003 g/mol) / 0.754 L

Initial density ≈ 0.161 g/L

Now let's find the final density of the helium gas when the balloon is placed in the freezer at -10°C and a pressure of 2.0 atm.

We will use the ideal gas law again with the new conditions:

P_final = 2.0 atm

T_final = -10°C + 273.15 = 263.15 K (converted to Kelvin)

To find the final molar volume, we rearrange the ideal gas law equation:

V_final = (n * R * T_final) / P_final

V_final = (0.0303 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 263.15 K) / 2.0 atm

V_final ≈ 0.328 L

Finally, we can calculate the final density of the helium gas:

Final density = (mass of helium gas) / (volume of helium gas)

Final density = (0.0303 mol * 4.003 g/mol) / 0.328 L

Final density ≈ 0.369 g/L

Objects a and b are brought close to each other. Object a will soon become positively charged. Identify the charge that must transfer for this situation to occur

Answers

Answer:

A Negative Charge

Explanation:

Positive Charges Repel

Positive and Negative Charges Attract.

Negative Charges Repel.

A rocket can be powered by the reaction between dinitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine:

20a

An engineer designed the rocket to hold 1.35 kg N2O4 and excess N2H4. How much N2 would be produced according to the engineer's design? Enter your answer in scientific notation.

Answers

According to the engineer's design, 14.67 moles of N2 would be produced in the reaction.

To determine the amount of N2 that would be produced according to the engineer's design, we need to understand the stoichiometry of the reaction between dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and hydrazine (N2H4).

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

N2H4 + N2O4 → N2 + 2H2O

From the balanced equation, we can see that one mole of N2H4 reacts with one mole of N2O4 to produce one mole of N2. Therefore, the mole ratio between N2H4 and N2 is 1:1.

Given that the engineer designed the rocket to hold 1.35 kg of N2O4, we need to convert this mass to moles using the molar mass of N2O4. The molar mass of N2O4 is approximately 92.01 g/mol.

Moles of N2O4 = Mass of N2O4 / Molar mass of N2O4

= 1.35 kg / 92.01 g/mol

= 14.67 mol

Since the mole ratio between N2H4 and N2 is 1:1, the number of moles of N2 produced would be the same as the number of moles of N2O4, which is 14.67 mol.

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Chemical formula for barium chromate

Answers

Answer:

Ba + Cr + O₄

The chemical formula for barium chromate is Ba+ Cr+ O4. It is a compound of barium, chrome, and oxygen that is used as a pigment and for other industrial applications.

Which two of the following atoms are unstable and are likely to form a chemical bond?

Select one:
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. II and IV
d. III and IV

Answers

Answer:c.ll and Iv. Ihope this helped

Lewis Structure for NO3-

Answers

Answer::

Explanation::

The last sentence in the “Introduction” was: “In this lab you will determine the density (thus characterizing a substance) of a liquid and of a solid-liquid mixture of unknown composition, and then determine the density of a liquid and a solid of known compositions and evaluate how accurate your determinations were.” Give names of those four substances mentioned in the sentence above. A liquid of unknown composition: _________________________________________, a liquid of known composition: ___________________________________________, a solid-liquid mixture of unknown composition: _______________________________, a solid of known composition:

Answers

Answer:

A liquid of unknown composition: Unknown liquid

A liquid of known composition: Known liquid

A solid-liquid mixture of unknown composition: Unknown solid-liquid mixture

A solid of known composition: Known solid

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the characteristic property of an acid is due to the presence of what ions​

Answers

The characteristic property of an acid is due to the presence of hydrogen ions.

Besides solubility, state two other physical properties that are different for salt and sand.​

Answers

Answer:Electrical Conductivity,soluble

Explanation:

Salt is a non-magnetic solid and is soluble in water. Sand is a non-magnetic solid and is insoluble in water.

Electrical Conductivity: Salt is an electrolyte and conducts electricity when dissolved in water or in a molten state. This is because salt dissociates into ions (Na+ and Cl-) that can carry electric current. In contrast, sand is a covalent compound and does not conduct electricity, as it does not dissociate into ions in the same way as salt. Sand is considered an insulator in terms of electrical conductivity.

Which is the middle of the three ear bones?

cochlea

stapes

incus

malleus

Answers

The incus I believe

Arjuna stood at Krishna feet with " rgppsmk Arjuna aet "arms folded what aspect of Arjuna character does this gesture show​

Answers

The gesture of Arjuna standing at Krishna's feet with folded arms represents the aspect of Arjuna's character known as

Humility is an aspect of Arjuna's character that is represented by his gesture of standing at Krishna's feet with folded arms. Humility is the quality of being humble, which is the ability to show modesty, kindness, and an appreciation of the worth of others.

According to the Bhagavad Gita, humility is a highly regarded virtue and is one of the essential qualities that a person should have. It is said that by cultivating humility, a person can overcome many of the obstacles and difficulties that life throws their way. Humility is also believed to be the key to true knowledge and wisdom.

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the nucleus of every atom contains protons. true or false?

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

atomic nuclei consist of electrically positive proton and electrically neutral neutrons. These are held together by the strongest known fundamental force, called the strong force.

The nucleus of every atom contains protons. This statement is true.

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles, which are one of the fundamental components of an atom, along with neutrons and electrons. Protons play a crucial role in determining the identity of an element. They determine the atomic number of an element.

The atomic number is used to arrange elements in the periodic table and is used as a basis for defining the number of electrons in an atom of that element. The arrangement and combination of protons, along with neutrons, determine the atom's mass and stability.

In summary, protons are an essential component of the nucleus in all atoms, making the statement true.

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When 11.3 g 11.3 g of an organic compound known to be 70.58% C 70.58 % C , 5.9% H 5.9 % H , and 23.50% O 23.50 % O by mass is dissolved in 622.7 g 622.7 g of cyclohexane, the freezing point is 3.82 ∘C 3.82 ⁢ ∘ C . The normal freezing point of cyclohexane is 6.59 ∘C 6.59 ⁢ ∘ C . What is the molecular formula for the organic compound? Assume that the organic compound is a molecular solid and does not ionize in water. f f values for various solvents are given in the colligative constants table.

Answers

The molecular formula for the organic compound is C4H4O.

To determine the molecular formula of the organic compound, we need to calculate the number of moles of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) in the compound and find the simplest whole number ratio between them.

Given:

Mass of the organic compound = 11.3 g

Percentage composition:

Carbon (C) = 70.58%

Hydrogen (H) = 5.9%

Oxygen (O) = 23.50%

First, we calculate the mass of each element in the organic compound:

Mass of C = 70.58% of 11.3 g = 7.986 g

Mass of H = 5.9% of 11.3 g = 0.667 g

Mass of O = 23.50% of 11.3 g = 2.655 g

Next, we convert the masses of each element to moles using their respective molar masses:

Molar mass of C = 12.01 g/mol

Molar mass of H = 1.008 g/mol

Molar mass of O = 16.00 g/mol

Moles of C = 7.986 g / 12.01 g/mol ≈ 0.665 mol

Moles of H = 0.667 g / 1.008 g/mol ≈ 0.661 mol

Moles of O = 2.655 g / 16.00 g/mol ≈ 0.166 mol

Now, we divide the moles of each element by the smallest number of moles to find the simplest whole number ratio:

C: 0.665 mol / 0.166 mol ≈ 4

H: 0.661 mol / 0.166 mol ≈ 4

O: 0.166 mol / 0.166 mol = 1

Therefore, the empirical formula of the organic compound is C4H4O.

To find the molecular formula, we need to determine the molecular weight of the compound. Given that the molecular weight of the compound is 11.3 g, which is equal to the empirical formula weight (C4H4O), we can conclude that the molecular formula is the same as the empirical formula.

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Which statements are true about catalysts

Answers

The true statements about catalysts are the statement 1,2 and 3.

1. Catalysts increase the rate of reaction: Catalysts facilitate chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. They enhance the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process.

2. Catalysts behave as reactants in the reaction mixture: Catalysts participate in the reaction by interacting with the reactants. They form temporary bonds with the reactant molecules, leading to the formation of an intermediate complex that ultimately results in the desired products.

3. Catalysts decrease the activation energy of a reaction: Catalysts lower the energy barrier required for a reaction to occur by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy. This enables the reactants to overcome the energy barrier more easily, thus increasing the reaction rate.

4. Catalysts show no physical change at the end of the reaction: Catalysts are not consumed or permanently altered in the reaction. They remain chemically unchanged and are available to participate in subsequent reaction cycles.

The statement "Catalysts are required in large concentrations in a reaction" is false. Catalysts work effectively even in small concentrations, as their role is to facilitate the reaction rather than being directly involved in the stoichiometry of the reaction.

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In a study by Kahneman & Tversky, people were told that "Linda is 31 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and also participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations". People were then asked "is Linda more likely to be (A) a bank teller, or (B) a bank teller who is active in a feminist movement". People were more likely to choose (B). This is an example of:a. Availability heuristicb. correct calculation of base ratec. deductive reasoningd. Representativeness heuristice. The affect heuristic Ella is giving an informal talk at her scout meeting. She plans to refer to her notes on her phone as she talks. 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