It has been suggested, and not facetiously, that life might have originated on Mars and been carried to Earth when a meteor hit Mars and blasted pieces of rock (perhaps containing primitive life) free of the surface. Astronomers know that many Martian rocks have come to Earth this way. One objection to this idea is that microbes would have to undergo an enormous, lethal acceleration during the impact. Let us investigate how large such an acceleration might be. To escape Mars, rock fragments would have to reach its escape velocity of 5.0 km/s, and this would most likely happen over a distance of about 4.0m during the impact.
1) What would be the acceleration, in m/s, of such a rock fragment?
2) What would be the acceleration, in g's, of such a rock fragment?
3) How long would this acceleration last?
4) In tests, scientists have found that over 40% of Bacillius subtilis bacteria survived after an acceleration of 450000g. In light of your answer to part A, can we rule out the hypothesis that life might have been blasted from Mars to Earth?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer and Explanation:

Given that

v_f = 5 km/s = 5,000 m/s

d = 4 m

v_i = 0 m/s

The computation is shown below:

1. The acceleration in m/s is

Here we use the motio third equation which is

[tex]v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2ad[/tex]

5000^2 = 0^2 + 2 (a) (4)

So

[tex]a = 3.125 \times 10^{6} m/s^2[/tex]

2. Now acceleration in g is

[tex]= \frac{3.125 \times 10^{6} m/s^2}{9.81}[/tex]

[tex]= 3.18 \times 10^{5}g[/tex]

3. The long of acceleration last is

[tex]t = \frac{v-u}{a}[/tex]

[tex]= \frac{5000 - 0}{3.125 \times 10^{6}}[/tex]

[tex]= 1.6 \times 10^{-3}s[/tex]

4.As we can see that

[tex]3.18 \times 10^{5}[/tex] is smaller than the [tex]4.5 \times 10^{5}g[/tex]

So, it should not be ruled out


Related Questions

A ball has a mass of 0.25 kg and is moving to the right at 1.0 m/s. It hits a ball of mass 0.15 kg that is initially at rest. After the collision, the 0.15 kg ball moves off to the right with a velocity of 0.75 m/s. What is the final velocity of the 0.25 kg ball? 0.42 m/s to the right 0.42 m/s to the left 0.55 m/s to the right 0.55 m/s to the left

Answers

Answer:

C-0.55 m/s to the right

Explanation:

edg

Answer:

0.55 to the right

Explanation:

A student throws a 120 g snowball at 7.5 m/s at the side of the schoolhouse, where it hits and sticks. What is the magnitude of the average force on the wall if the duration of the collision is 0.15 s

Answers

Answer:

The magnitude of the average force on the wall during the collision is 6 N.

Explanation:

Given;

mass of snowball, m = 120 g = 0.12 kg

velocity of the snowball, v = 7.5 m/s

duration of the collision between the snowball and the wall, t = 0.15 s

Magnitude of the average force can be calculated by applying Newton's second law of motion;

F = ma

where;

a is acceleration = v / t

a = 7.5 / 0.15

a = 50 m/s²

F = ma

F = 0.12 x 50

F = 6 N

Therefore, the magnitude of the average force on the wall during the collision is 6 N.

Danny lowers the sails on his boat. He paddles upstream at 19 km/hr. The current is still running downstream at 15 km/hr. What is the actual velocity of the boat?

Answers

Answer:

4 km/hr

Explanation:

The computation of the actual velocity is shown below:

Because the path of its paddles is opposed to the current direction, the real velocity can be determined by deducting the current velocity to its velocity while paddling

So, the actual velocity is

= Upstream - downstream

= 19 km/hr - 15 km/hr

= 4 km/hr

As we can see it is in positive, so it is an upstream direction  

Answer:

since the direction of his paddles is opposite of the the direction of the current, so the actual velocity can be calculated by subtracting the velocity of current to to his velocity when paddling

v = 19 - 15

v = 4 since the answer is positive, then the direction is upstream

Explanation:

What is the last step in creating an argumentative essay?

outlining
prewriting
researching
revising

Answers

Answer:

The answer is Revising

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Revising

Describe the method you would use to measure the cicrumfrence of a cylinder using a thread and a meter
rule(4mk)
0)​

Answers

Answer:

I take the thread and wrap it round the cylinder until it goes round the circumference of the cylinder.

Explanation:

I take the thread and wrap it round the cylinder until it goes round the circumference of the cylinder.

I then cut the thread at this length and extend it out on a table or floor.

I then place the length of the thread along the meter rule and mark of the position of its tip and bottom along the meter rule.

The difference between the bottom and top points is the circumference of the cylinder.

If the thread is longer than the meter rule, i mark off where the the length of the meter rule stops along the thread and then place the meter rule at that point and then mark off where the length of the thread stops.

The circumference of the cylinder is then 1 meter plus the extra measurement along the meter rule.

A ball is moving up an inclined plane, when it's velocity changes from 15m/s to 7m/s in 3 seconds . What is the acceleration.​

Answers

Explanation:

[tex]a = \frac{change \: in \: velocity}{change \: in \: time} [/tex]

[tex]a = \frac{v - u}{t} [/tex]

[tex]v = 7 {ms}^{ - 1} [/tex]

[tex]u = 15 {ms}^{ - 1} [/tex]

[tex]t = 3 \: seconds[/tex]

[tex]a = \frac{7 - 15}{3} [/tex]

[tex]a = \frac{ - 8}{3} [/tex]

[tex]a = - 2.67 \: {ms}^{ - 2} [/tex]

when a 0.622kg basketbll hits the floor its velocit changes from 4.23m/s down to 3.85m/s up. if the averge force was 72.9N how much time was it in contact with the floor?

Answers

Answer:

Time, t = 3.2 ms

Explanation:

It is given that,

Mass of basketball, m = 0.622 kg

Initial velocity, u = 4.23 m/s

Final velocity, v = 3.85 m/s

Average force acting on the ball, F = 72.9 N

We need to find the time of contact of the ball with the floor. Let t is the time of contact. So,

[tex]F=ma\\\\F=\dfrac{m(v-u)}{t}\\\\t=\dfrac{m(v-u)}{F}\\\\t=\dfrac{0.622\times (3.85-4.23)}{72.9}\\\\t=0.0032\ s\\\\\text{or}\\\\t=3.2\ ms[/tex]

So, the ball is in contact with the floor for 3.2 ms.

coma Narrows Bridge across the Puget Sound collapsed. The bridge was a suspension bridge. The wind blowing through the narrows matched the natural frequency of the bridge. This resulted in a large movement of roadway, which eventually caused the bridge to fail. What characteristic of waves caused the bridge to collapse

Answers

Answer:

amplitude

Explanation:

Amplitude is the characteristic of waves which caused the bridge to collapse.   Amplitude of a wave is the maximum amount of displacement of a particle occurs in the medium from its rest position. When the frequency of a wave reaches the natural frequency of the bridge, the oscillation of the bridge produce an amplitude where it causing the destruction of the bridge which is called Resonance. So we can say that amplitude is the characteristic of waves which is responsible for the collapse of the bridge.

Answer: C.interference, because constructive interference occurred when the wind frequency matched the natural frequency of the bridge

Explanation:

What can happen if a body moves through speed of light

Answers

As waves travel into the denser medium, they slow down and wavelength decreases.

Explanation:

The denser the medium the slower the waves (speed of light) travels.

◦•●◉✿When the body approaches the speed of light, the body's length appears to contract in the direction of travel, and its mass appears to increase from the point of view of a stationary observer. Only photons move to light velocity. They don´t have length.✿◉●•◦

A toaster oven draws 300.0 watts of power. If it is plugged into an outlet with a voltage of 115 volts, what current is in the toaster's circuit?
OA 3.45 10% amps
ОВ.
415 amps
Ос.
285 amps
OD
2.61 amps

Answers

Answer:

I = 2.61 A

Explanation:

It is given that,

Power of a toaster is 300 watts

It is plugged into an outlet with a voltage of 115 volts

We need to find the current in the toaster's circuit.

The electrical power is given by the formula as follows :

P = V I

I is electric current

[tex]I=\dfrac{P}{V}\\\\I=\dfrac{300}{115}\\\\I=2.61\ A[/tex]

So, 2.61 A of current is in the toaster's circuit.

Answer: D.

2.61 amps

Explanation: edmentum

Choose the friction which opposes the relative motion between surfaces in motion a.Static friction b.Kinetic friction c.Sliding friction d.Both kinetic and sliding friction

Answers

Answer:

d. Both kinetic and sliding friction

Explanation:

Kinetic friction, commonly known as sliding friction, happens when a body with its surfaces in contact is in relative motion with another. It's the frictional force slowing it down, and finally stopping a moving body. One can describe sliding friction as the resistance any two objects create while sliding against each other. It is often documented as the force required to hold a surface moving along another surface. It is determined by two variables- one is material of the object and another is its weight.

10 advantages of friction

Answers

Answer:

1. it helps to change the direction.

2. it helps us to walk on ground.

3. it helps the vechils to break while moving.

4. helps in changing one form of enegry to another form. eg when we rub our hands we feel heat energy.

5. it opposites the force.

6. it helps us to change shape of objects.eg we roll the dough to make it roti.

7. it changes the state of body from rest motion.eg when we push any obj from inclined plane it moves.

i all know is just 7..

whats the texture of copper wire​

Answers

Copper is a reddish orange, soft metal with a bright metallic luster. It is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. Copper surfaces when exposed to air gradually turns to a dull, brownish color.

What does FAI stand for?

Answers

Answer:

Femoroacetabular impingement

It occurs when an area of your hip joint becomes pinched when you move in certain directions. :)

a Porsche 911 accelerates from rest to 27 metre per second due north in 5.8 seconds the mass of the car is 1400 kg what is the magnitude and direction of the average net force​

Answers

Answer:

The average force has a magnitude 6524 N due north.

Explanation:

The average net force F = ma where m = mass of car = 1400 kg and a = acceleration.

a = (v - u)/t where u = initial velocity of car = 0 m/s (since it starts from rest)

v = final velocity of car = 27 m/s due north and t = time of motion = 5.8 s

a = (27 m/s - 0 m/s)/5.8 s = 27 m/s ÷ 5.8 s = 4.66 m/s

Since the direction of the velocity change is the direction of the acceleration, the acceleration is 4.66 m/s due north.

The average force, F = ma = 1400 kg × 4.66 m/s = 6524 N

Since the acceleration is due north, the average force takes the direction of the acceleration.

So the direction of the average force is due north

The average force has a magnitude 6524 N due north.

Guys I'm in kind of a PICKLE!!!!!! I know people say it a lot but I will give Brainiest to the best explained answer. Determine the net force charge acting at q1 (+ 2.0 × 10^-5C), caused by q2 (-4.0 × 10-5 C) and q3 (-4.0 × 10^-5C). They create a right angles triangle, where q1 is at the 90° corner

Determine the net electric field acting at q1

Answers

Answer:

E≅1.2×10^7 N/C

Explanation:

First off I'd like to say that I'm taking "net electric field" to mean that they don't want this answer to be put into vector component form and instead want magnitudes. Sometimes the wording of these questions throws me off, so sorry ahead of time if that's what they want from you!

Edit: I ended up adding it anyways ;P

Since we are observing the net electric field acting at q1, we need to use the formula:  [tex]E=k\frac{q}{r^{2} }[/tex]

And since we are observing the effects of multiple charges at once...

E=ΣE, which just means wee need to add all the observed electric fields together:

ΣE= [tex]k\frac{q2}{r^{2} } +k\frac{q3}{r^{2} }[/tex]

Since we are observing [static] electric fields here, we don't actually need q1's charge. (Though if you wanted to find the net force you would.) Now, before we start plugging values in, let's acknowledge what we know. We know that:

q2=q3they are the same distance from q1

These are actually really nice to have, because now we can simplify our expression to:

[tex]E=k\frac{2q}{r^{2} }[/tex]

Now let's plug in our values and get an answer out.

E= 2(8.99×10^9)(4×10^-5)/(0.24)

Plugging all that in, I get:

E≅1.2×10^7 N/C

If you end up needing the net force, F=(q1)(E). That is, you just multiply the electric field by the value of q1. And again, if your teacher wants the answer in vector component form, then the answer will look different.

Let me know what doesn't make sense, or if I got something wrong. Good luck with AP Phy.!

Edit: I put the component form for my answer in the attachment. I also noticed a small calculator related error in my original answer. I updated that to match the new one.

Answer part (d) please

Answers

Answer:

MARK me brainliest please and follow my page

Explanation:

All you have to do to get the average speed is to calculate the total distance covered and divide it by the total time taken

= 16/18 = 0.88m/s

Average speed = (distance covered) / (time to cover the distance)

For the full 18 seconds described by the graph . . .

Average speed = (16 meters) / (18 seconds)

Average speed = (16 / 18) m/s

Average speed =  0.89 m/s

how does enormous energy get released from the sun​

Answers

Answer:

By nuclear fission

Explanation:

The sun generates enormous energy through the process of nuclear fusion.

The core or the innermost part of the sun is characterized by high temperature and pressure. These two factors cause the separation of nuclei from electrons and the fusion of hydrogen nuclei to form a  helium atom.

During the fusion process, energy is released.

Oil at 150 C flows slowly through a long, thin-walled pipe of 30-mm inner diameter. The pipe is suspended in a room for which the air temperature is 20 C and the convection coefficient at the outer tube surface is 11 W/m2 K. Estimate the heat loss per unit length of tube.

Answers

Answer:

1.01 W/m

Explanation:

diameter of the pipe d = 30 mm = 0.03 m

radius of the pipe r = d/2 = 0.015 m

external air temperature Ta = 20 °C

temperature of pipe wall Tw = 150 °C

convection coefficient at outer tube surface h = 11 W/m^2-K

From the above, we assumed that the pipe wall and the oil are in thermal equilibrium.

area of the pipe per unit length A = [tex]\pi r ^{2}[/tex] = [tex]7.069*10^{-4}[/tex] m^2/m

convectional heat loss Q = Ah(Tw - Ta)

Q = 7.069 x 10^-4 x 11 x (150 - 20)

Q = 7.069 x 10^-4 x 11 x 130 = 1.01 W/m

The heat loss per unit length of tube should be considered as the 1.01 W/m.

Calculation of the heat loss:

Since

diameter of the pipe d = 30 mm = 0.03 m

radius of the pipe r = d/2 = 0.015 m

external air temperature Ta = 20 °C

temperature of pipe wall Tw = 150 °C

convection coefficient at outer tube surface h = 11 W/m^2-K

Now

area of the pipe per unit length A should be

= πr^2

 = 7.069*10^-4 m^2/m

Now

convectional heat loss Q = Ah(Tw - Ta)

Q = 7.069 x 10^-4 x 11 x (150 - 20)

Q = 7.069 x 10^-4 x 11 x 130

= 1.01 W/m

hence, The heat loss per unit length of tube should be considered as the 1.01 W/m.

Learn more about heat here: https://brainly.com/question/15170783

Which statement accurately describes this atomic spectrum? There is a horizontal rectangle with the colors of the rainbow from violet to red. There are lines in purple, blue, green and orange. The black lines represent the energy emitted by the electrons. The black lines represent the energy absorbed by the electrons. The colored lines represent the energy emitted by the electrons. The colored lines represent the energy absorbed by the electrons.

Answers

Answer:

The black lines represent the energy absorbed by the electrons.

Explanation:

Atoms emit lights when they are excited. These lights are of particular wavelengths that match with different colors. A series of colored lines appear along with spaces in the middle of the two colors. The middle of the colors is filled with dark spaces. Each spectral line of an element represents a specific characteristic of the element. These colored lines appearing in the form of series are termed to be the atomic spectrum of the element. Identification of the elements is done through the line of the spectrum they possess.

Answer:

(B) The black lines represent the energy absorbed by the electrons.

Explanation:

identify units for volts

Answers

Answer:

Volts itself is SI Unit of Electric Potential.

Explanation:

Electrical Parameter. Measuring Unit

Voltage. Volt. Symbol
V or E

Consider a satellite in a circular orbit around the earth. Why is it important to give a satellite a horizontal speed when placing it in orbit? What will happen if the horizontal speed is too small? What will happen if the speed is too large?

Answers

Answer:

In this case, the horizontal velocity of the rocket starts from the acceleration, so if its velocity drops to zero,

Explanation:

When a satellite is in orbit the most important force is the docking of gravity with the Earth

             F = m a

where the acceleration is centripetal and F is the force of universal attraction

centripetal acceleration is

             a = v² / r

             

             F = m v² / r

In this case, the horizontal velocity of the rocket starts from the acceleration, so if its velocity drops to zero, the force also drops to serious and the satellite steels to Earth.

The speed of the satellite is provides the speed, by local for smaller speeds in satellite, it descends in its orbits and when the speed is amate you have the energy to stop an orb to go to a higher orbit.

Two teams are playing tug-of-war. Team A, on the left, is pulling on the rope with an effort of 5000 N. If the rope is moving at a constant velocity, how hard and in which direction is team B pulling?
A. 2500 N to the left
B. 5000 N to the right
C. 2500 N to the right
D. 5000 N to the left

Answers

Explanation:

If Team A is on the left, B is on the right

if the force is constant, it means that the effort applied is equal.

So Team B is pulling 5000N to the right.

What kind of substance can you pour from one container into another without a change in volume

Answers

Liquid is the answer
Please mark brainliest please

Answer:

Liquids

Explanation:

Liquids take up the shape of the container it is poured into but will never change its volume.

A pendulum at position A is released and swings through position B to position Con the other side.
B
1. Describe the total mechanical energy at each of the following positions. (3)
A.
B.
C

Answers

Explanation:

Given the conditions A,B and C when the pendulum is released, at point A the initial velocity of the pendulum is zero(0), the potential energy stored is maximum(P.E= max),

the conditions can be summarized bellow

point A

initial velocity= 0

final velocity=0

P.E= Max

K.E= 0

point B

initial velocity= maximum

final velocity=maximum

P.E=K.E

point C

initial velocity= min

final velocity=min

P.E= 0

K.E= max

Can someone please help me with this ? Neon gas in a container was heated from 20°C to 120°C. It's new volume is 150ml. What was the original volume ?

Answers

Answer:

110 mL

Explanation:

Ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

Assuming the container isn't rigid, and the pressure is constant, then:

V/T = V/T

Plug in values (remember to use absolute temperature).

V / 293 K = 150 mL / 393 K

V = 110 mL

1. Find the energy required to melt 255g of ice at 0°C into water at 0°C

Answers

Answer:

E = 85170 J (/ 85.2 kJ)

Explanation:

Take the latent heat of fusion of water be 334J / g.

From the equation E = ml,

E = energy required (unknown),

mass m = 255g,

latent heat of fusion l = 334J / g,

E = 255 x 334

E = 85170 J (/ 85.2 kJ)

Answer the following questions regarding the equation:

N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃

1) indicates what type of reaction is
2) what represents the coefficients 3 and 2 in the previous reaction is done for
3) What would be missing in the previous equation to make it more accurate is

Answers

Explanation:

1) This is a synthesis reaction (two or more reactants combine to form a single product).

2) The coefficients are added to balance the reaction.

3) Adding the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) will make the reaction more precise.

The magnitude of the electric potential depends on which factors?
O A. Mass and amount of charge
O B. Mass and distance
O C. Distance and amount of charge
O D. Density and amount of charge​

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

It is directly propotional to the amount of charge and inversly propotional to distance.

Answer:

C. Distance and amount of charge

Explanation:

The magnitude of the electric potential depends on which factors?

Distance and amount of charge

A ball is being rolled by a normal push of 180N. It is opposed by friction which has a force of 61N and air resistance which has a force of 23N. Calculate the resultant force.

Answers

Resultant force is basically the force left after everything is added.

if a ball is being pushed one one side with 180N, and being pushed on teh opposite side with 84N (I added friction and air resistance since they're acting on the same side), then the resultant force would be:

180N - 84N = 96N   (you can determine whether it's positive or negative based on the direction of the vector)

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The difference between actual hours times the actual pay rate and actual hours times the standard pay rate is the labor _________________ variance. Which very young geographic feature will look like Kilauea in the most distant future, a few million years from now?Select one:a. Kauaib. Mauna Keac. Mauid. Mauna Loae. Loihif. Oahu Explain how the War of 1812 included examples of national unity as well as examples of division. pleaseee help ill give you ALL my points if you actually help me The functional group for an ester is: RCHO RCOOH RCOOR ROH What is the volume of the cylinder to the nearest whole number? a) 942 cm3 b) 3,534 cm3 c)471 cm3 d) 9,420 cm3 What scientific knowledge about macromolecules is a direct result of Gerardus Johnannes Mulders 1838 discovery? All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Nucleic acids are polymers with nucleotide monomers. The helical structure of DNA is essential for protein production. 3. In the polygon below, what kind ofangle is P?A AcuteB ObtuseC RightD Straight 2. If the reaction of 5.75 moles of sodium with excess hydrofluoric acid is able to produce 2.49 mol H2, what is the percent yield of hydrogen gas? Unbalanced equation: Na + HF > NaF + H294.2%86.5%43.3%23.1% If x - 10 is a factor of x2 - 8x - 20, what is the otherfactor?X + here are the ingredients for making pineapple sorbet for 6 people. 800 g pineapple 4 egg whites 1/2 lemon 100 g caster sugar Dan makes pineapple sorbet. he uses 2 and a 1/2 lemons How many people does he make pineapple sorbet for? Orwell building supplies' last dividend was $1.75. Its dividend growth rate is expected to be constant at 34.00% for 2 years, after which dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 6% forever. Its required return (rs) is 12%. What is the best estimate of the current stock price? Select the correct answer. a. $49.93 b. $49.39 c. $48.85 d. $47.77 e. $48.31 God brings flood in order to Which statement explains how the lines x+y=2 and y=x+4 are related?(1) They are parallel.(2) They are perpendicular. (3) They are the same line. 4) They are not related. Wavetel, a hardware company based in Europe, acquires Telior, its competitor in a neighboring country. Identify the market-entry strategy that best describes Wavetel's move. Joint venture Direct foreign investment Franchising Indirect exporting 10. 80 machines can produce 4800 identical pens in 5 hours. At this ratea) how many pens would one machine produce in one hour?b) how many pens would 25 machines produce in 7 hours? Read the following excerpt from chapter 21 of John Steinbeck's The Grapes ofWrath.Those families which had lived on a little piece of land, who hadlived and died on forty acres, had eaten or starved on theproduce of forty acres, had now the whole West to rove in. Andthey scampered about, looking for work; and the highways werestreams of people, and the ditch banks were lines of people.Behind them more were coming. The great highways streamedwith moving people. There in the Middle and Southwest had liveda simple agrarian folk who had not changed with industry, whohad not farmed with machines or known the power and dangerof machines in private hands. They had not grown up in theparadoxes of industry. Their senses were still sharp to theridiculousness of the industrial life.And then suddenly the machines pushed them out and theyswarmed on the highways. The movement changed them; thehighways, the camps along the road, the fear of hunger and thehunger itself, changed them. The children without dinnerchanged them, the endless moving changed them. They weremigrants. And the hostility changed them, welded them, unitedthem-hostility that made the little towns group and arm asthough to repel an invader, squads with pick handles, clerks andstorekeepers with shotguns, guarding the world against their ownpeople.Analyze how the author uses the rhetorical devices of parallelism and diction toconvey the tone of the text. Be sure to include specific details from the text tosupport your answer. What steps would you take to determine if these figures are similar? Check all that apply. Use a scale factor of 2. Multiply the vertices of polygon ABCD by One-half. Translate the intermediate image 4 units down. Perform two different dilations. Reflect the intermediate image. 6. Two forces of 50 N and 30 N, respectively, are acting on an object. Find the net force (inN) on the object ifthe forces are acting in the same directionb. the forces are acting in opposite directions. Can someone please help me with this ? Neon gas in a container was heated from 20C to 120C. It's new volume is 150ml. What was the original volume ? How does the carbon calculator estimate the amount of CO2 that each individual releases into the atmosphere?