Part 1: The process model diagram that accurately depicts the process as described using the BPMN notation:
Part 2: The reason for the incorrect inventory levels is that after the operations manager approves the order, the items are marked as reserved and unavailable to other orders.
But if the order is canceled or rejected, the items remain reserved, and the inventory level remains inaccurate. This means that available products are sometimes marked as reserved, leading to missed sales opportunities. In order to solve the inaccurate inventory levels problem, the process should be updated as follows:
When the order is canceled or rejected, the salesperson will receive a notification. The salesperson will confirm whether the customer would like to keep the reserved items for a certain period of time or release them. If the customer would like to keep the items, they will be marked as reserved for the agreed period of time. If the customer chooses to release the items, they will be released immediately. If the salesperson does not receive a response from the customer within a certain period of time, the items will be automatically released. This will ensure that available products are not marked as reserved unnecessarily and that inventory levels are accurate.
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Question 16 0 out of 0. Folkways manufacturers dolls with traditional dress from different areas of the Middle East. Since the company was founded 5 years ago, it has sourced the dolls' clothing from
Folkways, a doll manufacturer specializing in traditional dress from different areas of the Middle East, has sourced the dolls' clothing from various suppliers since its establishment 5 years ago. Having multiple suppliers may mitigate the risk of relying on a single source and help ensure a consistent supply of clothing for the dolls.
Folkways has been in operation for 5 years and during this time, it has procured the clothing for its dolls from multiple suppliers. The choice to source from different suppliers could be driven by various factors such as cost, availability, quality, or the desire to offer a diverse range of doll clothing representing different regions of the Middle East. By obtaining clothing from different suppliers, Folkways can ensure that the dolls accurately reflect the traditional dress of specific areas.
Sourcing from multiple suppliers may also provide flexibility and the ability to adapt to changing customer preferences or market conditions. It allows the company to access a wider range of clothing styles, materials, or craftsmanship techniques, enhancing the authenticity and appeal of their dolls. Additionally, having multiple suppliers may mitigate the risk of relying on a single source and help ensure a consistent supply of clothing for the dolls.
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Nigel Corp. had six different operating segments reporting the following operating profit and loss figures:
Segment Profit or
(Loss)
A $ 115,000
B (196,500 )
C 1,317,000
D (618,000 )
E (127,000 )
F (141,000 )
Which one of the following statements is true?
rev: 07_21_2020_QC_CS-220730
Multiple Choice
Segment A is a reportable segment based on this test.
Segment B is not a reportable segment based on this test.
Segment E is a reportable segment based on this test.
Segment C is not a reportable segment based on this test.
Segment D is a reportable segment based on this test.
Segment C does not qualify as a reportable segment based on this test. Segment C is not a reportable segment based on this test.
Answer:Segment C is not a reportable segment based on this test. Explanation:According to the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), a reportable segment should meet one of the following quantitative criteria: its revenue from external customers should be at least 10% of the combined revenue of all operating segments; the absolute amount of its profit or loss should be at least 10% of the greater, in absolute amount, of the combined profit of all operating segments or the combined loss of all operating segments that incurred a loss; its assets should be at least 10% of the combined assets of all operating segments.Operating segments A and E do not qualify because their respective profits or losses are not at least 10% of the greater of all combined profit or combined loss of all operating segments. Therefore, Segment A and Segment E do not meet the 10% test and are not reportable.Operating Segment B has a loss that is more than any of the profits of the other segments combined, and hence Segment B is reportable. Operating Segment F, although having a large loss, cannot qualify as a reportable segment because it is less than 10% of the greater of all combined profit or combined loss of all operating segments.Segment C has revenue greater than the 10% threshold. However, it does not meet the profitability criterion, as its profit is not at least 10% of the greater of all combined profit or combined loss of all operating segments, since the operating profit of Segment C is less than 10% of the total operating profit of the company. Therefore, Segment C does not qualify as a reportable segment based on this test.Operating Segment D has a loss that is greater than 10% of the greatest of the combined profit of all operating segments or the combined loss of all operating segments that incurred a loss, hence Segment D is reportable.So, the correct answer is: Segment C is not a reportable segment based on this test.
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Analytical procedures are most useful
a.
for identifying control risk
b.
as substantive tests of details
c.
for identifying unusual behavior in data
d.
c. for identifying unusual behavior. They are typically performed during the planning and overall review stages of an audit or financial analysis.
Analytical procedures involve the evaluation of financial information by analyzing plausible relationships among both financial and non-financial data. They are typically performed during the planning and overall review stages of an audit or financial analysis. While analytical procedures can provide some evidence about control risk and may be used as substantive tests of details, their primary purpose is to identify unusual behavior in data and highlight areas that may require further attention or investigation.
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3.
On February 28, 2018, payment of a deposit of $5,000 for a promotional event that will take place in June 2018. Do the journal entry
Entry:
A promotional event in June 2018 received a $5,000 deposit on February 28, 2018. Journal entry:
28 February 2018.
Prepaid expenses $5,000 debit.
Cash: $5,000
The debt to the Prepaid Expenses account represents the promotional event deposit's prepaid asset increase. Prepaid expenses are costs that have not yet been incurred. Since the event will happen later, the deposit represents a prepaid expense.
As payments are made, the Cash account decreases. The company's available funds are in cash.
By registering this transaction, the corporation increases the prepaid asset and decreases cash. Over the course of the June 2018 event, prepaid expenses will be recognized as incurred expenses.
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"Suppose when you are 19 years old, you deposit $900 into a bank account that pays 3 percent annual compound interest, and you do not withdraw from the account until your retirement at the age of 65, 46 years later. How much will be in the account when you retire?
A. $3506
B.$7,011
C. $2,801
D. $2,142"
Compound interest is the interest earned on the principal amount of the account plus the interest accumulated from previous periods.
This is in contrast to simple interest, which is the interest earned only on the principal amount of the account. Therefore, the formula for calculating compound interest is FV = P * (1 + r/n) ^ nt Where FV is the future value of the account ,P is the principal amount of the account r is the interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year ,t is the number of years the account has been open Given that $900 was deposited into the account at an interest rate of 3 percent per year for 46 years, the formula becomes: FV = 900 * (1 + 0.03/1) ^ (1 * 46)Simplifying this formula, we get: FV = $900 * (1.03) ^ 46FV = $900 * 5.429Therefore, the future value of the account at retirement is $4,886.10.The answer is, Option E: $4,886.10.
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Think about a recent difficult conversation you had, one that occurred in the workplace, a retail establishment, or with an individual, Identify on example that did not go as best as it could have. Answer the following three questions:
1. Briefly describe the conversation in one paragraph.
Evaluate your and the other persons behavior in finding common ground, disagreeing diplomatically, and striving to reach consensus.
Describe 2-3 things you would do differently on approaching this conversation if you were to have the conversation again. Explain the rationale for the different approach, citing information from our textbook as the reasons why.
I would use empathy to put myself in the team member's shoes and try to understand the challenges he faced. This approach is backed by the textbook's assertion that empathy is a critical skill for building effective relationships in the workplace.
A difficult conversation occurred at the workplace when a team member continuously failed to submit his reports on time. His tardiness created delays in the progress of the project, causing the team to fall behind schedule. In addition, his work had to be constantly reviewed, further hindering the team's progress.
The team member was defensive and blamed the project manager for not giving him enough time to complete the reports. In contrast, the project manager was authoritative, blaming the team member for his tardiness and lack of accountability. Both parties did not find common ground initially, but the project manager eventually calmed the team member down and reached a consensus on how to move forward with the project.
In approaching the conversation differently, it is important to focus on active listening, empathy, and understanding. I would take a collaborative approach, involving the team member in the problem-solving process. This approach is backed by the textbook's assertion that collaboration fosters a positive work environment and enhances problem-solving skills. Additionally, I would practice active listening, seeking to understand the team member's perspective. This is backed by the textbook's suggestion that active listening helps to build trust and respect between team members.
Finally, I would use empathy to put myself in the team member's shoes and try to understand the challenges he faced. This approach is backed by the textbook's assertion that empathy is a critical skill for building effective relationships in the workplace.
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3. Angel, 11 years old, selects several dresses in a boutique shop and informs the manager that she wants dresses delivered to her house.
Her father refuses to pay because there are a lot of dresses in her wardrobe.
Discuss whether the boutique shop owner can recover the amount of those dresses. (40 marks)
The father's refusal to pay for the dresses is not relevant because Angel has made the contract with the shop owner, and the payment should be made by her. However, if the dresses were purchased on credit, the owner could go after the father to recover the payment since he is an adult.
The boutique shop owner can recover the amount of those dresses bought by Angel as she is of 11 years old which means she is not an adult and thus not bound by contract terms as an adult can do. But the question is not sufficient enough to determine the rightful owner of the several dresses bought by Angel.What is a boutique shop?A boutique shop is a small retail store that sells unique items or items that are specialized in one category. Boutique shops focus on delivering the highest quality products and services to its customers, which is often why they are more expensive than your regular retail store. The boutique shop owner has the right to recover the amount of those dresses purchased by Angel because she is not an adult and thus is not legally bound by the contract terms as an adult can do.Angel is too young to be legally bound by any contract terms. In this case, Angel is only 11 years old. A person under 18 years of age is considered a minor and can enter into contracts, but the law says that the minor has the right to disaffirm or void the contract at any time before they reach the age of 18.The father's refusal to pay for the dresses is not relevant because Angel has made the contract with the shop owner, and the payment should be made by her. However, if the dresses were purchased on credit, the owner could go after the father to recover the payment since he is an adult.
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Hello I would like to have someone verify if I put these costs
under the correct section for questions 2, 3, and 4
1. Manufacturing Costs A) Direct Materials-Cost of stainless steel, glass, and plastic B) Indirect Materials-Cost of screws C) Direct Labour-Cost of wages paid to manufactures D) Overhead: Cost of fac
To verify the cost allocation for manufacturing expenses, the costs for stainless steel, glass, and plastic should be categorized under Direct Materials, the cost of screws under Indirect Materials, the wages paid to manufacturers under Direct Labour, and the cost of facilities under Overhead.
The cost allocation for manufacturing expenses seems to be correctly categorized based on the information provided.
Firstly, the cost of stainless steel, glass, and plastic should be categorized under Direct Materials. Direct Materials refer to the materials that directly contribute to the manufacturing process and are easily identifiable in the final product. Since these materials are used in the production of the project, it is appropriate to classify their costs as Direct Materials.
Secondly, the cost of screws should be classified under Indirect Materials. Indirect Materials are materials that do not directly become part of the final product but are necessary for the manufacturing process. As screws are not a major component of the final product but are required for assembly or fixation, categorizing their costs as Indirect Materials is appropriate.
Thirdly, the wages paid to manufacturers should be categorized under Direct Labour. Direct Labour includes the cost of wages or salaries paid to the employees directly involved in the production process. Since the wages are directly associated with the manufacturing of the project, classifying them as Direct Labour is accurate.
Lastly, the cost of facilities should be allocated under Overhead. Overhead costs include expenses that are not directly attributable to a specific product but are necessary for the overall manufacturing operations. The cost of facilities, such as the cost of the factory or production facility, falls under Overhead as it supports the manufacturing process but cannot be directly tied to a particular product.
Overall, based on the given information, it appears that the costs have been allocated correctly to the respective sections for manufacturing expenses.
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Natcher Corporation collects 45% of a month's sales in the month of sale, 40% in the month following sale, and 15% in the second month following sale. The company has found that 5% of their sales are uncollectible. Budgeted sales for the upcoming four months are:
August budgeted sales $280,000
September budgeted sales $320,000
October budgeted sales $400,000
November budgeted sales $230,000
The amount of cash that will be collected in November is budgeted to be
A. $103,500
B. $338,500
C. $311,500
D. $230,000
To determine the amount of cash that will be collected in November, we need to calculate the cash collection for each month's sales and then sum them up.
August sales: $280,000 * 45% = $126,000
September sales: $320,000 * 40% = $128,000
October sales: $400,000 * 15% = $60,000
Total cash collected from sales in August, September, and October:
$126,000 + $128,000 + $60,000 = $314,000
Now, we need to subtract the expected uncollectible amount:
$314,000 - 5% of $280,000 - 5% of $320,000 - 5% of $400,000 = $314,000 - $14,000 - $16,000 - $20,000 = $264,000
Therefore, the amount of cash that will be collected in November is $264,000.
The correct answer is not listed among the options provided. Please note that the actual amount may vary depending on the specific payment behavior and collection patterns of Natcher Corporation.
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You have an outstanding student loan with required payments of $500 per month for the next four years. The interest rate on the loan is 9% APR (monthly). You are considering making an extra payment of $150 today (that is, you will pay an extra $150 that you are not required to pay).
If you are required to continue to make payments of $500 per month until the loan is paid off, what is the amount of your final payment?
What effective rate of return (expressed as an APR with monthly compounding) have you earned on the $150?
The amount of the final payment is $548.48.
Given the student loan with required payments of $500 per month for the next four years and an interest rate of 9% APR (monthly).An extra payment of $150 today has been made.
We need to find the amount of the final payment that is to be paid.The amount of the loan can be calculated using the present value formula, which is given by:
PV = Pmt [ (1 - (1 + r/n)^(-nt) ) / (r/n) ]
Here,
Pmt = $500r = 9% APR/n = 12nt = 4 * 12 = 48 months
On substituting these values, we get:
PV = 500 [ (1 - (1 + 0.09/12)^(-48) ) / (0.09/12) ]= 20,343.98
Hence, the amount of the student loan is $20,343.98.Now, the extra payment is $150. The effective rate of return (expressed as an APR with monthly compounding) earned on the $150 can be calculated using the formula for future value, which is given by:
FV = PV * (1 + r/n)^(nt)Here,PV = $150r = ?n = 12nt = 48FV = 150 * (1 + r/12)^(48)On simplifying, we get:r = 6.56% APR
The final payment can be calculated using the present value formula as follows:
PV = Pmt [ (1 - (1 + r/n)^(-nt) ) / (r/n) ]
Here,
PV = 0 (since the final payment will pay off the loan)r = 9%/12n = 12nt = 1On substituting these values,
we get:
0 = Pmt [ (1 - (1 + 0.09/12)^(-1) ) / (0.09/12) ]Pmt = $548.48
Therefore, the amount of the final payment is $548.48.
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The effective rate of return (expressed as an APR with monthly compounding) that is earned on the $150 is 14.87% approximately (49.47% ÷ 4). The final payment of the loan is $17,451.03.
Required payments of a student loan of $500 per month for the next four years, with an interest rate of 9% APR (monthly).
An extra payment of $150 today is considered. If payments of $500 per month are required until the loan is paid off, then the amount of the final payment would be $17,451.03.
Effective rate of return (expressed as an APR with monthly compounding) that is earned on the $150 is 14.87% approximately.
The formula for finding the present value of an annuity is,
Present value of annuity, [tex]PVA = PMT[(1- (1/ (1+r)^n)) /r][/tex]
Where PMT is the amount of each payment, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of payments.
We need to find the final payment. Since we know that the payments of $500 per month will be continued until the loan is paid off.
We can find out the total value of payments for 4 years, which will be,
Total value of payments for 4 years = $500 x 12 x 4= $24,000
Using the formula, we can calculate the present value of this annuity,
Present value of annuity,
[tex]PVA = PMT[(1- (1/ (1+r)^n)) /r]= $500[(1- (1/ (1+0.0075)^48)) /0.0075]= $22,236.97[/tex]
Since the extra payment of $150 is being made today, this amount will also earn interest. The interest rate on the loan is 9% APR (monthly).
Using the formula, we can calculate the effective rate of return on the $150.
Effective rate of return (expressed as an APR with monthly compounding)
ERR= [(1 + (9%/12))^12 - 1] x 100%= 9.38% approximately
This is the interest rate for one year. Since we are considering the rate of return for 4 years, we will have to compound the rate for four years.
The effective annual rate will be,
Effective annual rate = (1 + (9%/12))^4 - 1= 1.0938^4 - 1= 0.4947 or 49.47% approximately
Therefore, the effective rate of return (expressed as an APR with monthly compounding) that is earned on the $150 is 14.87% approximately (49.47% ÷ 4).
The final payment of the loan is $17,451.03.
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Compare and contrast the entrepreneurial ecosystem (2020-2021) of
the United States to that of Dominican Republic.
When comparing the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the United States to that of the Dominican Republic, it is important to consider various aspects such as the level of government support, availability of capital, access to markets, and the overall culture of entrepreneurship.
In terms of government support, the United States offers a wide range of programs and initiatives designed to support startups and small businesses. For instance, the Small Business Administration (SBA) provides loans, grants, and other forms of financial assistance to help small businesses grow and succeed. Similarly, the National Science Foundation (NSF) supports early-stage technology companies through its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs. On the other hand, the Dominican Republic also has some programs aimed at supporting entrepreneurs, but they are not as comprehensive as those in the United States.Availability of capital is another important factor in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. In the United States, there is a well-developed venture capital industry, which provides a significant amount of funding to startups and other high-growth companies.
Entrepreneurial ecosystems can vary greatly from country to country, and comparing the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the United States to that of the Dominican Republic highlights some of the key differences. In general, the United States offers more comprehensive government support, greater availability of capital, more extensive access to markets, and a stronger culture of entrepreneurship than the Dominican Republic.However, it is important to note that the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the Dominican Republic is still developing and has the potential for growth and improvement. For instance, the government could invest more in programs aimed at supporting startups and small businesses, while investors could provide more funding for early-stage companies. In addition, there is a need for more mentorship, training, and other support resources for entrepreneurs. By addressing these challenges and building a more robust entrepreneurial ecosystem, the Dominican Republic could create more opportunities for entrepreneurs and drive economic growth in the country.
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The key distinction between the views of Thomas Malthus and Esther Boserup on the relation between population growth and technological innovation is: O Malthus and Boserup both regard population growth as exogenous in driving innovation, but Boserup emphasizes the "passion between the sexes", while Malthus emphasizes human ingenuity. O Malthus and Boserup both regard population growth as exogenous in driving innovation, but Malthus emphasizes the "passion between the sexes", while Boserup emphasizes human ingenuity. O Malthus regards population growth as exogenously driving technological innovation, while Boserup regards population growth as an endogenous response to innovation. O Boserup regards population growth as exogenously driving technological innovation, while Malthus regards population growth as an endogenous response to innovation. Question (3) Jane is a 'textbook' speculator, in the sense that her position in the market is based on a mixture of hard research and gut intuition rather than insider information or other forms of cheating. Jane decides to short sell an oil security for a price of $100,000. When it comes time to close out her futures position, the oil price has dropped by 20%. Based on this information, it would be reasonable to conclude that: O Jane's transaction has contributed to increased oil price volatility and she incurred a loss. O Jane's transaction has contributed to increased oil price volatility and she made a profit. O Jane's transaction has contributed to decreased oil price volatility and she incurred a loss. O Jane's transaction has contributed to decreased oil price volatility and she made a profit. O It is impossible to tell from the given information.
The key distinction between the views of Thomas Malthus and Esther Boserup on the relation between population growth and technological innovation is:
Malthus regards population growth as exogenously driving technological innovation, while Boserup regards population growth as an endogenous response to innovation.As for question (3), based on the information provided, it is reasonable toconclude that: Jane's transaction has contributed to increased oil price volatility and she made a profit.By short selling an oil security and the oil price subsequently dropping by 20%, Jane would have profited from the transaction, and her involvement in the market could have contributed to increased price volatility.
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Supply Chain Management
Analyzing an existing logistics process of a firm and suggest
improvement
Supply chain management refers to the coordination and management of all activities involved in the production and delivery of goods and services to customers.
It encompasses the entire supply chain, from sourcing raw materials to delivering finished products to customers.Analyzing the existing logistics process of a firm and suggesting improvements is an essential part of supply chain management. To do this, the following steps can be taken:1. Identify the current logistics process: This involves documenting the current process and identifying all the activities involved, including the transportation, warehousing, and distribution of goods.2. Analyze the current process: This involves identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the current process and identifying areas that need improvement.3. Develop a plan for improvement: Based on the analysis of the current process, a plan can be developed to improve the process. This plan should include specific actions that can be taken to improve the process.4. Implement the plan: Once the plan has been developed, it can be implemented. This involves making changes to the current process and training employees on the new process.5. Monitor and evaluate the process: After the plan has been implemented, it is important to monitor the process to ensure that it is working as intended. This involves tracking key metrics and making adjustments as necessary to ensure that the process is optimized for efficiency and effectiveness.In conclusion, analyzing the existing logistics process of a firm and suggesting improvements is a critical part of supply chain management. By following the steps outlined above, firms can identify areas for improvement and develop a plan to optimize their logistics processes for efficiency and effectiveness.
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Question 1 5 pts Columbus imposed a 2.5% charge on hotel rooms. It not considered a tax because all revenue from the tax was used directly to build a downtown stadium. O True False Question 2 5 pts Am
Question 1 asks whether the 2.5% charge imposed by Columbus on hotel rooms is considered a tax. The statement clarifies that all revenue from the charge was used directly to build a downtown stadium.
The task is to determine if the charge qualifies as a tax.
The 2.5% charge imposed on hotel rooms in Columbus may or may not be considered a tax, depending on the specific criteria and legal definitions in place. While taxes are typically imposed by governments for general revenue purposes, in this case, the revenue generated from the charge is earmarked exclusively for the construction of a downtown stadium. This indicates a specific purpose for the funds rather than general revenue collection. Whether this charge meets the legal definition of a tax may depend on local regulations and how they define taxes and their designated uses.
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XYZ Company acquires 80, 10%, 5 year, €1,000 Wynn bonds on
January 1, 2017 for €80,000. Assume Wynn pays interest each January
1. The journal entry at December 31, 2017 would include a debit
to
a.
a. Interest Receivable and a credit to Interest Revenue. The journal entry at December 31, 2017, for XYZ Company would include a debit to Interest Receivable and a credit to Interest Revenue.
The reason for this entry is that the Wynn bonds pay interest each January 1. By the end of the year on December 31, a portion of the interest for the year would have accrued but not yet been received by XYZ Company. Therefore, the company needs to recognize this accrued interest as Interest Receivable, which represents the amount of interest earned but not yet received.
The credit to Interest Revenue reflects the recognition of the interest earned on the Wynn bonds for the period. It represents the revenue earned by XYZ Company from its investment in the bonds.
This journal entry captures the accrual of interest income for the year and ensures that XYZ Company properly recognizes the interest revenue in its financial statements. It aligns with the accrual accounting principle, which requires revenue to be recognized when it is earned, regardless of when the cash is received.
It is important for companies to accurately record accrued interest and interest revenue to reflect the true financial position and performance of the business. This information is useful for financial analysis, decision-making, and reporting purposes.
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QS 13-13 Dividends on noncumulative preferred stock LO C2
Green Planet Corp. has (a) 4,200 shares of
noncumulative 12% preferred stock with a $2 par value and
(b) 16,500 shares of common stock with a
Dividends on noncumulative preferred stock are not accrued or carried forward to future periods if they are not paid in a given period.
Noncumulative preferred stock entitles the shareholders to receive a fixed dividend amount, usually expressed as a percentage of the par value of the stock. However, if the company does not declare or pay dividends in a particular period, the shareholders of noncumulative preferred stock do not have the right to claim or accumulate those dividends in the future.
In the case of Green Planet Corp., they have 4,200 shares of noncumulative 12% preferred stock with a $2 par value. This means that each share of preferred stock is entitled to a dividend of 12% of its $2 par value. If the company decides not to pay dividends in a specific period, the shareholders of the noncumulative preferred stock will not be able to claim or accumulate those dividends in subsequent periods. Dividends on noncumulative preferred stock are paid at the discretion of the company's board of directors and are not legally binding obligations.
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Instruction: Answer all questions. 1. Veritone is an artificial intelligence company which proposed the Veritone's aiWARE technology and solutions. The company's product and services are used by many industries in the areas of M, N and 0. Thirty percent are in areas M and N, while 40% are in 0. Only 20% of M areas are primary, whereas the percentages for N and 0 are 30% and 35%, respectively. Assume that one area has been selected randomly to use the product and services of that company. If the area selected is a secondary, present the probability that it has a N area. 2. Investing in the stock market can offer plenty of benefits and involve some risks. If an investor participates in the stock market, the probability that he or she loss on the investment is 0.13. If the investor does not invest in the stock market, the probability that he or she gain profit is 0.10. Assume that 3% of the investors being participated in the stock market and suppose that one investor is chosen at random and tested. Calculate the probability that a) this investor is investing in the stock market and gains profit b) this investor does not invest in the stock market and gains profit c) this investor gains profit d) this investor does invest in the stock market given that he or she gains profit
1. Let’s find out the probability of selecting a secondary area that belongs to the N area. We will use the Bayes’ theorem for this:P(N│secondary) = P(secondary│N) * P(N) / P(secondary)We are given that 30% of the areas are in N and 20% of M areas are primary.
This means 80% of M areas are secondary. Therefore, 70% of all areas are secondary. We also know that 30% of the products and services are used in N, 20% are used in primary M, and 35% are used in O. This means 15% of the products and services are used in secondary M areas. We can use this information to calculate the probability of selecting a secondary area:P(secondary) = 0.8 * 0.15 + 0.7 * 0.3 = 0.245Now we can use the information that 30% of the products and services are used in N areas and 30% of secondary M areas belong to N areas:P(N) = 0.3 * 0.15 / 0.245 = 0.1837So, the probability of selecting a secondary area that belongs to the N area is 0.1837.2. Let’s use the given information to fill in the following table: | Stock market | No stock market --------------------------- Lose | 0.13 | ?? Gain | ?? | 0.10We know that 3% of investors participate in the stock market. This means that the probability of selecting an investor who invests in the stock market is:P(stock market) = 0.03Similarly, the probability of selecting an investor who does not invest in the stock market is:P(no stock market) = 0.97Now we can fill in the table using the given probabilities:Lose | 0.13 | 0.97 - P(gain│no stock market) Gain | P(gain│stock market) | 0.10We can use the total probability rule to find the probability of gaining profit:P(gain) = P(stock market) * P(gain│stock market) + P(no stock market) * P(gain│no stock market)Let’s substitute the given values:P(gain) = 0.03 * P(gain│stock market) + 0.97 * (0.10)We can rearrange the equation to find P(gain│stock market):P(gain│stock market) = (P(gain) - 0.97 * 0.10) / 0.03Now we can substitute the value of P(gain) that we found earlier:P(gain│stock market) = (0.03 * P(gain│stock market) + 0.91) / 0.03We can simplify this equation to get:P(gain│stock market) = 0.97 + (P(gain│stock market) - 0.10) / 0.03Now we can solve for P(gain│stock market):0.03 * P(gain│stock market) - 0.03 * 0.10 = 0.97 - 0.10P(gain│stock market) = 0.957So, the probability that the selected investor invests in the stock market and gains profit is 0.957 * 0.03 = 0.0287.The probability that the selected investor does not invest in the stock market and gains profit is 0.10 * 0.97 = 0.097.The probability that the selected investor gains profit is the sum of these two probabilities:P(gain) = 0.0287 + 0.097 = 0.1257.We can use Bayes’ theorem to find the probability that the selected investor invests in the stock market given that he or she gains profit:P(stock market│gain) = P(gain│stock market) * P(stock market) / P(gain)We know that:P(gain│stock market) = 0.957P(stock market) = 0.03P(gain) = 0.1257We can use these values to calculate P(stock market│gain):P(stock market│gain) = 0.957 * 0.03 / 0.1257 = 0.2279.So, the probability that the selected investor invests in the stock market given that he or she gains profit is 0.2279.
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About Engineering Economy
A farmer has 8ha of agricultural land, the farmer will plant the land with rice and corn.
From 1 ha of rice plants can be harvested 3 tons of rice, while from 1 ha of corn plants can be harvested 4 tons of corn.
This farmer wants to get a yield of not less than 30 tons. If the cost of planting 1 ha of rice plants is 500 thousand and the cost of planting 1 ha of corn is 600 thousand,
Question :
then what is the minimum cost that must be paid by the farmer?
The minimum cost that must be paid by the farmer is 4.8 million.
To calculate the minimum cost, we need to determine the optimal allocation of land between rice and corn to achieve a yield of at least 30 tons.
Let's assume x represents the area (in hectares) allocated to rice plants and (8-x) represents the area allocated to corn plants. The total yield can be expressed as 3x (tons of rice) + 4(8-x) (tons of corn).
To meet the condition of a minimum yield of 30 tons, we can set up the following equation:
3x + 4(8-x) ≥ 30
Simplifying the equation:
3x + 32 - 4x ≥ 30
-x ≥ -2
x ≤ 2
Since x represents the area allocated to rice plants, the maximum value for x is 2 hectares.
To minimize the cost, the farmer should allocate 2 hectares to rice and (8-2) = 6 hectares to corn.
The total cost is calculated as follows:
Cost of rice plantation = 2 hectares x 500 thousand = 1 million
Cost of corn plantation = 6 hectares x 600 thousand = 3.6 million
Therefore, the minimum cost that must be paid by the farmer is 1 million + 3.6 million = 4.8 million.
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a. Compute the yield to maturity on a two-year discount bond with the face value of $10,000. The price of the bond is $8,000.
b. Christina bought the two-year discount bond described above. The interest rate changed to 10% within an hour of purchasing the bond. Compute the return on the bond if she sells it.
(a) To compute the yield to maturity on a two-year discount bond, we need to find the discount rate that equates the present value of the bond's cash flows to its current price. In this case, the bond has a face value of $10,000 and a price of $8,000. By solving this equation, we can determine the yield to maturity, which represents the average annual return an investor would earn if they held the bond until maturity.
(b) If the interest rate changes to 10% after Christina purchases the bond, the bond's market price will be affected. To compute the return on the bond if she sells it, we need to calculate the new price of the bond at the 10% interest rate and compare it to the purchase price. The return on the bond is then determined by the difference between the selling price and the purchase price, relative to the purchase price.
(a) To compute the yield to maturity on a two-year discount bond, we need to solve the following equation:
Price = Sum of Present Value of Cash Flows / (1 + Yield)^1 + Sum of Present Value of Cash Flows / (1 + Yield)^2 + ... + Sum of Present Value of Cash Flows / (1 + Yield)^n
In this case, the bond has a face value of $10,000 and a price of $8,000. Since it is a discount bond, there are no coupon payments, and the only cash flow occurs at maturity. Therefore, the equation simplifies to:
$8,000 = $10,000 / (1 + Yield)^2
Solving for Yield gives us the yield to maturity.
(b) If the interest rate changes to 10% after Christina purchases the bond, the new price of the bond will be affected. To calculate the new price, we discount the face value of $10,000 by the new interest rate of 10% for the remaining two years. The new price can be calculated as:
New Price = $10,000 / (1 + 0.10)^2
The return on the bond is then determined by subtracting the purchase price of $8,000 from the new selling price and dividing it by the purchase price:
Return = (New Price - Purchase Price) / Purchase Price
This represents the percentage return that Christina would earn if she sells the bond after the interest rate change.
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What is ‘corporate liability’. Provide examples to
illustrate your answer and refer to legislation or cases where
relevant.
Corporate liability is a legal concept that holds corporations liable for the acts of their officers and employees. Corporations are considered to be a separate legal entity from their owners and thus, they can be held responsible for the wrongful acts committed by their employees.
The concept of corporate liability is important in ensuring that corporations act responsibly and do not engage in activities that could harm others.There are different types of corporate liability, including criminal, civil, and administrative liability. Criminal liability refers to a corporation being held criminally responsible for the actions of its employees.
Civil liability, on the other hand, refers to a corporation being held liable for damages caused by its employees. Administrative liability is a type of liability that arises from regulatory violations, such as environmental or workplace safety regulations. Examples of corporate liability include the BP oil spill in 2010, where BP was held liable for the damage caused by the oil spill.
Another example is the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal, where the company was held liable for cheating on emissions tests. Both cases resulted in significant financial penalties for the companies involved.Corporate liability is governed by legislation and case law. For example, in the United States, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) holds companies liable for bribes paid to foreign officials by their employees or agents.
In the United Kingdom, the Bribery Act 2010 holds corporations liable for failing to prevent bribery by their employees or agents. In addition to legislation, there are also numerous court cases that have established the principle of corporate liability. For example, in the United States, the Supreme Court held in United States v. Park that a corporation can be held criminally liable for the acts of its employees if the employees were acting within the scope of their employment.
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Meta Corporation had sales totaling $2,000,000 in the fiscal year 2021, Some ratios for the company are listed below. Use this information to determine the dollar values of various income statement accounts. Show your work! Gross profit margin Operating profit margin Return on total assets Return on equity Total asset turnover Net profit margin Sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses Operating profit Interest expense Earnings before tax Tax expense 40% Net profit after tax Meta Corporation. Year ended Dec, 31, 2021 60% 30% 20% 25% 2 5% Meta Corporation. Income statement Year ended Dec, 31, 2021 $2,000,000 800000 1200,00
Using the above calculations, we have determined the values for the following income statement accounts:
Sales: $2,000,000
Cost of goods sold: $1,200,000
Gross profit: $800,000
Operating expenses: Not provided
Operating profit: $600,000
Net profit after tax: $500,000
Let's calculate the values step by step:
1. Gross profit margin = Gross profit / Sales
Given Gross profit margin = 40%
Sales = $2,000,000
Gross profit = Gross profit margin * Sales
Gross profit = 0.40 * $2,000,000
Gross profit = $800,000
2. Cost of goods sold = Sales - Gross profit
Cost of goods sold = $2,000,000 - $800,000
Cost of goods sold = $1,200,000
3. Operating profit margin = Operating profit / Sales
Given Operating profit margin = 30%
Operating profit = Operating profit margin * Sales
Operating profit = 0.30 * $2,000,000
Operating profit = $600,000
4. Return on total assets = Net profit after tax / Total assets
Given Return on total assets = 20%
Total assets = Net profit after tax / Return on total assets
Total assets = $600,000 / 0.20
Total assets = $3,000,000
5. Return on equity = Net profit after tax / Equity
Given Return on equity = 25%
Equity = Net profit after tax / Return on equity
Equity = $600,000 / 0.25
Equity = $2,400,000
6. Total asset turnover = Sales / Total assets
Given Total asset turnover = 2
Total assets = Sales / Total asset turnover
Total assets = $2,000,000 / 2
Total assets = $1,000,000
7. Net profit margin = Net profit after tax / Sales
Given Net profit margin = 25%
Net profit after tax = Net profit margin * Sales
Net profit after tax = 0.25 * $2,000,000
Net profit after tax = $500,000
8. Interest expense = Operating profit - Earnings before tax
Given Operating profit = $600,000
Earnings before tax = Operating profit + Interest expense
Interest expense = Earnings before tax - Operating profit
We don't have the specific value for Earnings before tax, so we cannot calculate the interest expense without further information.
To determine the dollar values of various income statement accounts, we can use the given ratios and the sales figure of $2,000,000.
Please note that without additional information, we cannot determine the specific values for operating expenses and interest expense.
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in a business setting, what types of organizations would place greater value on security rather than convenience? why? what types of organizations would prioritize convenience over security? why?
In a business setting, the type of organizations that would place greater value on security rather than convenience are banks, government agencies, and military organizations. These organizations deal with sensitive and confidential data that, if compromised, could cause great harm to individuals or the country.
The importance of security for these organizations is heightened due to the potential risk of fraud, theft, or sabotage that could occur. They, therefore, prioritize security by implementing strict access controls, encryption, and other security measures to protect their data. For instance, banks implement 2-factor authentication systems to ensure that only authorized persons access the data. The government has sophisticated security measures that prevent access to classified data. Military organizations also have security procedures that secure their information.
Organizations that prioritize convenience over security include retail businesses, travel agencies, and fast-food restaurants. These types of organizations prioritize convenience because it contributes to the ease of doing business, leading to a better customer experience. They aim to provide a seamless and hassle-free experience for their customers that will result in return business. For example, retail businesses offer online shopping and delivery services to their customers to provide convenience. Fast-food restaurants make their ordering process quick and easy, with the option of ordering ahead and picking up the food without leaving the car. Travel agencies allow their customers to book and pay for their trips online for convenience. In summary, while some businesses prioritize convenience over security, others prioritize security over convenience.
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The Utah Mining Corporation is set to open a gold mine near Provo, Utah. According to the treasurer, Monty Goldstein, "This is a golden opportunity." The mine will cost $4,100,000 to open and will have an economic life of 11 years. It will generate a cash inflow of $515,000 at the end of the first year, and the cash inflows are projected to grow at 8 percent per year for the next 10 years. After 11 years, the mine will be abandoned. Abandonment costs will be $570,000 at the end of Year 11. a. What is the IRR for the gold mine? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) IRR 10.09 %
The IRR for the gold mine is 10.09% (rounded to 2 decimal places).
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of cash inflows and outflows from a project is equal to zero. To calculate the IRR for the gold mine, we need to determine the discount rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the present value of cash outflows.
The cash inflows for the gold mine are as follows:
Year 1: $515,000
Years 2-10: Growing at 8% per year
Year 11: $570,000 (including abandonment costs)
The initial investment is $4,100,000 to open the mine.
To calculate the IRR, we can use trial and error or financial software. Using the given values, the IRR for the gold mine is approximately 10.09%.
Therefore, the IRR for the gold mine is 10.09% (rounded to 2 decimal places).
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the ________ is a comparison of the wealth in the top and bottom quintiles of an economy.
The wealth ratio is a comparison of the wealth in the top and bottom quintiles of an economy.
Wealth ratio, also known as wealth disparity, is the ratio of the net wealth of the richest group of individuals in a given population to the net wealth of the poorest group of individuals in that population. It is usually expressed as a percentage and provides a measure of how income and wealth are distributed throughout society. In general, the wealth ratio is higher in developed countries than in developing ones, and this disparity has been increasing over time. According to a report published by the World Economic Forum, the wealth ratio in the United States, for example, has risen from 12:1 in 1963 to 24:1 in 2018. This means that the top 1% of earners in the US now owns as much wealth as the bottom 50% combined. This trend has significant implications for social and economic equality, as it often leads to unequal access to education, healthcare, and other essential services, as well as limited opportunities for upward social mobility.
In conclusion, the wealth ratio is a critical indicator of the state of income inequality in an economy, and addressing it should be a top priority for policymakers.
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Alex's utility function is as follows: U(C, L) = C¹/2¹/². [This implies that the marginal utility of consumption is MUC = C-1/2 ¹/² and the marginal utility of leisure is MU₁ = ¹/²-1/2] Alex can work at a wage of $18.2 per hour. She has 400 hours per month to allocate between work and leisure, and she has no other sources of income (other than work). How many hours will Alex choose to work? (Use up to two decimal points in all of your answers below.) Answer: The government introduces an assistance program that provides every individual with a payment of $873, regardless of whether they are working or how much they are earning. How will the introduction of this program affect Alex's labour market choices? Specifically, how many hours will Alex now choose to work after the introduction of the program? Answer: Illustrate Alex's choices before and after the introduction of the government payment scheme in one carefully labelled graph. Maximum file size: 100MB, maximum number of files: 1 = D ↓ Files
To determine the number of hours Alex will choose to work, we need to compare the marginal utility of leisure (MU₁) with the opportunity cost of leisure, which is the wage rate ($18.2 per hour).
Given Alex's utility function, MU₁ = ¹/² - 1/2. The marginal utility of consumption (MUC) is C-1/2 ¹/². To find the optimal number of hours Alex will work, we set MU₁ equal to the wage rate: ¹/² - 1/2 = $18.2 Solving this equation, we can determine the number of hours Alex will choose to work. Now, let's consider the effect of the government assistance program that provides every individual with a payment of $873, regardless of their work status or earnings. This program will affect Alex's labor market choices by introducing an additional income that does not depend on her work hours or earnings. With the introduction of this program, Alex's budget constraint will shift. She will now have an additional $873 of income, which will increase her total budget. This extra income will influence her trade-off between leisure and work. To determine how many hours Alex will choose to work after the introduction of the program, we need to find the new optimal point where the marginal utility of leisure equals the opportunity cost of leisure, considering the increased income. By setting MU₁ equal to the wage rate plus the additional income ($18.2 + $873), we can find the new number of hours Alex will choose to work. To illustrate Alex's choices before and after the introduction of the government payment scheme, we can create a graph with leisure hours on the horizontal axis and utility on the vertical axis. We will have two budget constraints: one before the program and one after the program. The optimal points of leisure and utility will be the intersections of the budget constraints with the indifference curve determined by Alex's utility function.
Please note that since we cannot directly interact with files in this text-based interface, I am unable to provide you with a graph. However, you can plot the graph on your own by following the instructions mentioned above.
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Why are large companies such as AmerisourceBergen and Diebold good candidates for business process management?
Large companies such as AmerisourceBergen and Diebold are good candidates for business process management because of the following reasons: Business Process Management (BPM) can streamline the complex and multi-faceted process of business activities and improve productivity, performance, and flexibility.
BPM can help large companies like Amerisource Bergen and Diebold by identifying the gaps in their current business process and filling those gaps through technology, software, or automated solutions. Here are some reasons why large companies need business process management: Better Compliance - Large companies have to deal with numerous regulations that change frequently, and it's challenging to keep up with them.
BPM can help ensure that all the processes and activities comply with these regulations. Improved Efficiency - Large companies have several processes, and it's crucial to optimize these processes to make the most of the available resources. BPM can help to streamline these processes to enhance efficiency and cut down on operational costs. Better Customer Experience - Large companies have to deal with thousands of customers daily. BPM can help in providing better customer experience by ensuring that all the processes are efficient, quick, and hassle-free. BPM can help in identifying potential issues before they occur, resulting in better decision making and enhanced performance. Thus, large companies such as AmerisourceBergen and Diebold are good candidates for business process management.
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TRUE / FALSE. Human resource is an important resource O True O False Question 18 Synergy is usually a byproduct of mergers and acquisitions True O False Companies that do not develop a low cost or differentiation strategy are said to be stuck in the middle O True O False A product classified as a Cash Cow will have a high market share and a high market growth potential O True O False A succession plan for the CEO is a good strategy O True O False
True, human resource is an important resource.
Human resource is an essential and valuable asset for organizations. They bring skills, knowledge, and potential to contribute to the company's success. By recruiting, training, and engaging employees, organizations can enhance productivity, innovation, and overall performance. Therefore, human resource plays a crucial role in driving organizational growth and achievement.
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1. Examine the causes of the 2008 global financial crisis and discuss how regulators and governments responded to the crisis. (25 marks)
The 2008 global financial crisis was one of the worst financial crises in the modern era. It was triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States and had a ripple effect on the global economy. The crisis was caused by several factors, including low-interest rates, poor lending practices, and high-risk investments.
One of the primary causes of the crisis was the widespread use of subprime mortgages. These mortgages were offered to people with low credit scores and limited income, and many of them were unable to repay their loans. As a result, lenders began to foreclose on these properties, leading to a collapse in the housing market.
Another factor that contributed to the crisis was the use of complex financial instruments such as collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and credit default swaps (CDS). These instruments allowed investors to bet on the housing market without actually owning any property. When the housing market collapsed, these instruments became worthless, leading to massive losses for investors.
Regulators and governments responded to the crisis in several ways. One of the most significant responses was the passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in 2010. This law created several new regulatory bodies, such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, to protect consumers from predatory lending practices and other abuses in the financial industry.
Another response was the creation of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), which provided financial assistance to struggling banks and other financial institutions. TARP helped stabilize the financial system and prevent a complete collapse of the economy.
Finally, regulators also implemented new rules and regulations to prevent a similar crisis from occurring in the future. These included tighter lending standards, increased transparency in the financial industry, and more oversight of complex financial instruments.
In conclusion, the 2008 global financial crisis was caused by a combination of factors, including poor lending practices and high-risk investments. Regulators and governments responded to the crisis by implementing new laws, regulations, and programs to protect consumers and stabilize the financial system. While these measures have helped prevent another crisis from occurring, it is important to remain vigilant and continue to monitor the financial industry to prevent future crises.
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The following information is available for October for UAE Company. Beginning inventory $500,000 Net purchases 1,200,000 Net sales 2,400,000 Percentage markup on sale 30% A hurricane destroyed UAE’s May 31 inventory. Using the gross profit method, what is the cost of the estimated ending inventory destroyed by fire?
To calculate the cost of the estimated ending inventory destroyed by fire using the gross profit method, we need to determine the gross profit percentage and apply it to the net sales.
First, let's calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) for the period. We can use the formula:
COGS = Beginning Inventory + Net Purchases - Ending Inventory
Since the ending inventory was destroyed, we need to estimate its cost using the gross profit method. The formula for estimating the ending inventory using the gross profit method is:
Ending Inventory = Net Sales - Gross Profit
Beginning Inventory = $500,000
Net Purchases = $1,200,000
Net Sales = $2,400,000
Percentage Markup on Sale = 30%
First, calculate the COGS:
COGS = $500,000 + $1,200,000 - Ending Inventory
Next, calculate the Gross Profit:
Gross Profit = Net Sales - COGS
Gross Profit = $2,400,000 - (Beginning Inventory + Net Purchases - Ending Inventory)
To calculate the Gross Profit Percentage:
Gross Profit Percentage = (Gross Profit / Net Sales) * 100
Once we have the Gross Profit Percentage, we can estimate the ending inventory destroyed by fire:
Ending Inventory = Net Sales - (Gross Profit Percentage * Net Sales)
Performing the calculations using the given data will provide the specific values for COGS, Gross Profit, Gross Profit Percentage, and the estimated cost of the ending inventory destroyed by fire.
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At the beginning of the current period, Vaughn had balances in Accounts Receivable of $273,000 and in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $9,200 (credit). During the period, it had net credit sales of $870,000 and collections of $826,500. It wrote off as uncollectible accounts receivable of $6,700. However, a $3,000 account previously written off as uncollectible was recovered before the end of the current period. Uncollectible accounts are estimated to total $25,200 at the end of the period. (Omit cost of goods sold entries.) (a-d) (a) Prepare the entries to record sales and collections during the period. (b) (c) Prepare the entry to record the write-off of uncollectible accounts during the period. Prepare the entries to record the recovery of the uncollectible account during the period. Prepare the entry to record bad debt expense for the period. (d) No. Account Titles and Explanation (a) (To record sales) (To record cash collected during the period) (b) Debit 100 Credit 11 (c) (d) (To reinstate account previously written off) (To record the recovery of the uncollectible account during the period). II 11
Accounts Receivable is referred to as a current asset account. It is recorded on the balance sheet as a company's total unpaid invoices to its customers. Accounts Receivable typically have credit terms that require customers to pay within 30, 60, or 90 days. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a contra-asset account that is deducted from Accounts Receivable.
This account represents the amount of money that is anticipated to be uncollectible from customers. The account balances in Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at the beginning of the period are used to calculate the net realizable value of the accounts receivable.
(a) The entry to record sales during the period is to debit Accounts Receivable and credit Sales for $870,000.(b) The entry to record the write-off of uncollectible accounts during the period is to debit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and credit Accounts Receivable for $6,700.(c) The entry to record the recovery of the uncollectible account during the period is to debit Accounts Receivable and credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $3,000.(d) The entry to record bad debt expense for the period is to debit Bad Debt Expense and credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $19,500 (calculated as $25,200 estimated uncollectible accounts - $9,200 credit balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts). The remaining $5,700 ($25,200 estimated uncollectible accounts - $19,500 bad debt expense) will be the ending balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.150 wordsAccounts Receivable is a current asset account that represents the total unpaid invoices to a company's customers. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a contra-asset account that is deducted from Accounts Receivable. This account represents the amount of money that is anticipated to be uncollectible from customers. The account balances in Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at the beginning of the period are used to calculate the net realizable value of the accounts receivable. The journal entries to record sales during the period are to debit Accounts Receivable and credit Sales for $870,000. The entry to record the write-off of uncollectible accounts during the period is to debit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and credit Accounts Receivable for $6,700. The entry to record the recovery of the uncollectible account during the period is to debit Accounts Receivable and credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $3,000. The entry to record bad debt expense for the period is to debit Bad Debt Expense and credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $19,500 (calculated as $25,200 estimated uncollectible accounts - $9,200 credit balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts). The remaining $5,700 ($25,200 estimated uncollectible accounts - $19,500 bad debt expense) will be the ending balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.
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