In lateral white matter area the spinal cord can the axons of upper motor neurons that supply lower motor neurons for skilled movements be found.
The spinal cord is a lengthy, tissue-filled tube. It links your brain and lower back. From your brain to your body and the other way around, your spinal cord transports nerve information. You can move your body and feel sensations thanks to these nerve transmissions. Your movement or function may be impacted by spinal cord injury. Your body's central nervous system is made up of your brain and spinal cord.
The signal from the higher motor neuron must travel through the lower motor neuron to the effector muscle in order for the muscle to move. Lower motor neurons can be divided into three categories: somatic motor neurons, specific visceral efferent motor neurons, and general visceral motor neurons. Muscle rigidity and excessive reflexes can result from the lower motor neurons' inability to accept signals from the upper motor neurons.
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Photosynthesis !! And animal represent?
what does the left and side and right side mean ? The top and bottom in words of summary? And the evidence to support the meaning thanks:) !
Answer: Left side means that the plant autotrophs from the sunlight which means it get food. On the right side it means that the chloroplast in the plant cell is making photosynthesis. Down side means that the animal cellular respiration is that the animal cell is breaking down the food and making it into energy which sends it to the ATP which is the powerhouse of the cell.
Explanation:
according to eysenck’s theory, the ascending reticulocortical activating system (aras) is located in what part of the brain?
The ascending reticulocortical activating system (aras) is located within the hypothalamus and brainstem.
What is eysenck's theory?
According to Eysenck's theory of personality, extroverts' cortical arousal at rest is lower compared to that of introverts. Scholars have thus hypothesized that extroverts should benefit from background music in cognitive tasks, whereas introverts' performance should decline with music in the background.
What is the function of the ARAS?
The ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), also known as the extrathoracic control modulatory system or simply the reticular activating system (RAS), is a set of connected nuclei in the brains of vertebrates that is responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions.
What happens if the RAS is damaged?
Damage to the RAS causes unconsciousness, resulting in not being awake or aware. Along the length of the brainstem, there are midline raphe nuclei and two lateral types of nuclei: the medial group of nuclei and the small group of nuclei.
Thus, ARAS is located within the hypothalamus and brainstem.
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Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?.
Answer:plasma membrane, also called a cell membrane, and cytoplasm
Explanation:
Which of these Punnett squares shows a cross that predicts round seeds (RR or Rr) in half of the offspring?A and E
A and Eb are the Punnett squares shows a cross that predicts round seeds (RR or Rr) in half of the offspring
The Punnett square is a rectangular shape diagram used to predict genotypes of a specific cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who invented it in 1905. Biologists use the diagram to calculate the likelihood of an offspring having a specific genotype. Again, this is determined by the alleles present in a plant at a single genetic locus. The allele for wrinkled seeds (W) is dominant over the allele for round seeds in this case (w). This means that plants with genotypes WW and Ww have wrinkled seeds, but only genotype ww has round seeds.
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it is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts _, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and vice versa. a) merge b) commence c) decussate d) unite
c
The Corticospinal Tract (CST), also called the Pyramidal Tract, is a group of axons that transmits information about movement from the cerebral cortex.
Where does the corticospinal tract begin?The corticospinal tract, which is involved in skilled voluntary activity, develops from pyramid-shaped cells in the premotor, primary motor, and primary sensory cortex.
What is the function of the corticospinal tract?The somatic motor system from the neck to the feet is under the primary motor control of the corticospinal tract. It is the principal spinal route responsible for voluntary motions. The pyramidal neurons' soma are found in cortical layer V in the primary motor cortex, where the tract starts.
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Everyone is exposed regularly to ionizing radiation found in the soil, water, and air and from cosmic rays. In fact, 80% of the ionizing radiation people are exposed to comes from naturally occurring sources. Ionizing radiation can cause double-strand breaks in the DNA. Often, the DNA breaks have missing nucleotides at the broken ends. What type of repair would likely be used, and what would be the result of repairing this type of damage?
A. Nonhomologous end joining would be used and would lead to properly repaired DNA.
B. Direct repair would be used to join the DNA, but errors would still remain.
C. Nonhomologous end joining would be used to join the DNA, but errors would still remain.
D. Direct repair would be used and would lead to properly repaired DNA.
C
The result of repairing this type of damage would be, C. Non-homologous end joining would be used to join the DNA, but errors would still remain.
The double-strand breaks are fixed utilizing, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), without a homologous sequence.
After the double-strand break removes some nucleotides from the ends, DNA ligase IV ligates the two ends. First, Ku proteins bind to the ends and recruit DNA-PKcs, which then recruit Artemis (a nuclease), which will remove any single-stranded DNA in that region.
Non-homologous end joining would be used to join the DNA, but errors would still remain because NHEJ results in the deletion of a small number of nucleotides. As a result, this is an error-prone repair mechanism.
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What makes radiation dangerous to cells?
A. It is uncontrollable and very warm.
B. It has very high energy waves and can break up DNA.
C. It encourages the building of more cells and overloads the body with new cells.
D. It cools cells down to a temprature where cells cannot reproduce.
Answer:
The answer would have to be B because it can cause damage to the DNA
check all that apply regarding the mechanisms of action of steroid hormones. check all that apply receptor proteins are located in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus.receptor proteins are located in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus. receptor proteins are located in the nucleus only.receptor proteins are located in the nucleus only. the two receptors form a heterodimer.the two receptors form a heterodimer. the two hormone receptors on their dna half-sites form a homodimer.the two hormone receptors on their dna half-sites form a homodimer. the genomic action takes at least 30 minutes, and involves stimulating genetic transcription.the genomic action takes at least 30 minutes, and involves stimulating genetic transcription.
Nuclear receptors, which bind as homo- or heterodimers to particular, are specialized transcription factors with shared sequence and structural characteristics.
What kinds of receptors may one find in the nucleus?Various lipid-soluble signals, such as retinoic acid, oxysterols, and thyroid hormone, as well as steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, activate the nuclear receptor family of ligand-regulated transcription factors (Mangelsdorf et al. 1995).
What function does the nuclear hormone receptor serve?Numerous physiological processes, including homeostasis, reproduction, development, and metabolism, are regulated by nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs). As ligand-activated transcription factors, they control the expression of genes by binding with particular DNA sequences.
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which joint is highlighted? which joint is highlighted? sternoclavicular sternal end acromioclavicular acromion
Joint which is highlighted is : acromioclavicular. The acromioclavicular joint is formed by the cap of the shoulder and the collar bone and is held together by strong ligaments.
What is the function of acromioclavicular (AC) joint ?The AC joint is a plane type synovial joint, which allows only gliding movement under normal physiological conditions. It attaches the scapula to the thorax, hence it allows an additional range of motion to the scapula and helps in arm movement such as shoulder abduction and flexion.
AC joint inflammation causes pain on the top of the shoulder and also at the point where the collarbone meets the highest point of the shoulder blade . Pain may spread to the lower part of the side of the neck or ear.
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with age, the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage of the intervertebral disc spaces, and the vertebrae become brittle. this increases the risk of
With age, the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage of the intervertebral disc spaces, and the vertebrae become brittle. This increases the risk of Compression fractures.
What is compression fracture?
When one or more vertebrae are under too much stress, they might collapse and result in a spine compression fracture. Serious spinal compression fractures might impair your quality of life with painful or incapacitating symptoms.
With rest, the use of a brace, and painkillers, the majority of compression fractures resulting from injuries heal in 8 to 10 weeks. However, if surgery was performed, recuperation might take significantly longer.
Therefore, age causes the intervertebral disc gaps to contract, which stiffens the spine and makes the vertebrae more fragile. Compression fractures are now more likely as a result of this.
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You are a bio-researcher on the planet Tawniwani, and you have been given the task of identifying and classifying the native fauna. Use this dichotomous key to identify Tawniwanian creature t.
Dichotomous keys are used to identify and classify organisms into a taxonomic group according to their morphological traits. In the exposed example, individual T is a Narrowus trispottis.
What is a dichotomous key?
The dichotomous key is a classification system used to identify organisms according to different traits -usually morphological traits-.
This is a simple method since the key provides two options, and the researcher needs to choose one of them according to the organism's features. Once the researcher has chosen one of the options, the key leads to the following description.
The procedure is the same in each step until the name of the taxonomic group is provided.
In the exposed example, we need to identify the organism T (the last one). We know we need to follow 4 steps before reaching our individual's name. So,
1) Does it has a large or small head? It has a small head, so we need to move to step 2.
2) Does it has a narrow or round body? It has a narrow body, so we need to move to step 6.
6) Does it has curly or straigh antennae? It has curly antennae, so we need to move to step 11.
11) Does it has narrow or round eyes? It seems like it has narrow eyes, so it might be Narrowus trispottis.
According to this dichotomous key, the T individual is a Narrowus trispottis.
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WHOEVER ANSWERS FIRST WILL BE MARKED BRAINIEST!!
List the things a plant growing on the surface of earth doing both photosynthesis and cellular respiration has in the biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Provide an explanation
The things a growing plant has in biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere has are as follows:
WaterSoilAirThe plant itselfHow water, soil, air and plant are parts of the the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and the biosphere.Water is the liquid portion of the earth and it found in the plants part. The liquid part of the earth is known as the hydrosphere. However, water is one of the conditions necessary for photosynthesis to take place.
The lithosphere is the solid portion of the earth and one of the parts of the lithosphere simply is the soil. Plants need good soil proper growth and development.The air is a mixture of gases and it is found in the atmosphere. This air contains carbon dioxide which is also some of the raw material necessary for photosynthesis to occur.The biosphere is the living portion of the earth. The plant as a whole itself is a living thing and is found in the biosphere.In conclusion, it can be deduced from the explanation given above that plants can manufacture food substances by themselves with help of good soil, water and carbon dioxide.
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if you buy food in a can that is bulging or spurts liquid, the food is likely to contain toxins produced by a type of bacteria called
if you buy food in a can that is bulging or spurts liquid, the food is likely to contain toxins produced by a type of bacteria called clostridium botulinum.
Under low oxygen levels, the bacterium Clostridium botulinum releases harmful toxins. One of the deadliest poisons ever discovered is a botulinum toxin. In addition to obstructing nerve activity, botulinum toxins can cause respiratory and muscle paralysis. Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile, and capable of producing the neurotoxin botulinum, Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium.
The majority of bacteria are free-living, omnipresent organisms that frequently just have one biological cell. They make up a sizable group of prokaryotic bacteria. Bacteria, which are among the earliest life forms to exist on Earth and are typically a few micrometres in length, are found in most of its environments. Some bacteria aid in food digestion, eliminate disease-causing cells, and supply the body with vital vitamins.
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A genetic trait might be caused by incomplete dominance if:
A. a gray cat and a black cat produce black kittens.
B. two black cats produce white kittens.
C. a white cat and a black cat produce gray kittens.
D. two white cats produce gray kittens.
a. moves water and solutes from the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries b. is called secretion c. is called reabsorption d. occurs as water and solutes move from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule.
The first step of urine production occurs as water and solutes move from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule.
What is Urine Production?
Unwanted compounds are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, which then eliminate them through urine. Glial filtration, reabsorption, and secretion are the three primary processes that lead to the generation of urine.
The glomerular capsule, also known as Bowman's capsule, surrounds the glomerulus, a network of capillaries. A filtration membrane in the capsule allows water and other solutes to pass from the capillaries into the bloodstream as it passes through the glomerulus.
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the sequence of the coding strand of a dna molecule (that is, the dna strand that contains the codons specifying the protein sequence) is 5'-cggatgctta-3'. what is the sequence of the rna made from this dna?
Transcription of an RNA strand with the sequence "AUUGCGCGAA" from a DNA strand with the sequence "TAACGCCTT" As a result, C is the correct answer.
Transcription is the process by which mRNA is created from DNA in the nucleus of a cell. The nucleus contains all of the enzymes and nucleotides required for the production of mRNA. The messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from DNA The mRNA sequence generated in a cell from DNA is complementary to the leading strand of DNA, with only the thymine residues replaced by uracil residues. Adenine base couples with uracil residues, and thymine base pairs with adenine residues. Cytosine bases couple with guanine bases and vice versa.
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What amino acid sequence is encoded in the partial DNA segment?
Question 2 options:
Serine- Threonine-Tyrosine
Serine-Serine-Tyrosine
Serine-Threonine-Methionine
Serine-Alanine-Methionine
In DNA sequence 3’ T C A T G C A T G 5’ mRNA sequence is 5' A G U A C G U A C 3' and amino acid codes (genetic codon) serine, threonine, and tyrosine.
What is a genetic codon?The genetic codon is the triplet of the mRNA sequence which codes an amino acid sequence in polypepetide chain.
DNA sequence is transcribe into mRNA by the process of transcription and mRNA is translate into amino acid squence by translation.
Therefore, 3’ T C A T G C A T G 5’ encoded amino acid sequence is serine, threonine, and tyrosine.
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select all the correct answers. looking at the phylogenetic tree, which three statements can you make about the interconnectedness of the species a, b, c, d, and e? species a and c may have shared features from a common ancestor. species c is more related to species d than species d is related to species e. species b and c are more closely related than species c and d. species b and e may have shared features from a common ancestor. species a is more related to species b than species b is related to species c.
The correct answer is Species A and C may have shared feature.
What is Phylogenetic tree?
It is described as a diagrammatic portrayal of the relationships between living things in terms of evolution. This schematic illustration shows how several species developed from a number of shared ancestors.
The two-dimensional graph that depicts the evolutionary link between an organism and several other organisms is known as a phylogenetic tree.
The "Tree of Life" or "Dendrogram" are other names for the evolutionary tree. An old theory of a ladder-like evolution from weak to strong forms of life gave rise to the concept of a phylogenetic tree. The word "phylogeny" or "phylogenetic," which refers to race, origin, or lineage, is derived from an ancient Greek word.
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!!!!!!!!!URGENT!!!!!!!!!!
What Taxa class would this fossil belong to? Explain why.
The taxa under which the given plant fossil come is angiosperm.
What are taxa?Taxa refer to any unit employed in the discipline of biological classification, often known as taxonomy. Taxa are organized in a hierarchical order, from kingdom to subspecies, with a particular taxon typically containing numerous taxa of lower rank.
Taxa are given formal names after being properly identified by nomenclature codes and systems. Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms are a few examples of major plant taxa.
Therefore, the taxonomic group from which the presented plant fossil is derived is angiosperm.
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include qualities that can be measured objectively such as weight, volume, length and temperature, it has a number associated with them and can be reported in universally accepted measurable units.
Quality that can be measured objectively such as weight, volume, length and temperature constitute is quantitative data
Quantitative data is a type of data that can be measured, in the form of information or explanations expressed in numbers or numbers. Any quantitative information that can be used for mathematical calculations or statistical analysis This form of data helps in making real-life decisions based on mathematical derivations.
Quantitative data collection methods can be through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Researchers will process the data in the form of numbers, such as amount, weight, temperature, length. The data is then analyzed descriptively using statistical techniques, such as the mean, median or variance. Researchers sometimes also present inferential, univariate, bivariate, or multivariate ways.
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Determine the product of each pair of percentages or fractions.
1. 25% x 25% =
4. ½ x ¾=
2.4 x 4 =
3.75% x 50% =
5.25% x 0% =
6. 50% x 50% =
Answer:
1. 0.0625
2.3 by 8
3.0.375
4.16
5.0
6.0.25
please describe one unsolved biological or biomedical problem that you find interesting and explain why
Because these problems are related to health and very fascinating to solve. The problems I mentioned in explanation are very real and need to solve these problem as soon as possible. According to me, these are very helpful if solved.
List of biological unsolved problems
I go over a few of the main awards given for success in the biological sciences. I'll list some of the most important scientific advances made over the past 50 years since the topics are related to unresolved biological mysteries. The Council for the Advancement of Science Writing (CASW) has compiled a list of fifty significant discoveries made between 1960 and 2010.
The ability of a cell to translate genetic code, recombinant DNA,
the eradication of smallpox,
the discovery of HIV,
and human embryonic stem cells, including IPS (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells), which enables human skin cells to be reprogrammed into stem cells with embryonic characteristics, are just a few examples.
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what are the two mechanism by which lymph vessel keep lymph moving the right ddirection towards the cardiovascular system
The mechanism by which lymph vessel keep lymph moving the right ddirection towards the cardiovascular system is (intrinsic pump).
These vessels perform very just like your veins do: They paintings very low pressure, have a chain of valves in them to hold the fluid transferring in a single direction rest, about 1/three of lymph delivery withinside the human decrease extremities outcomes from compression through skeletal muscle contractions (extrinsic pump) and 2/three to energetic pumping (intrinsic pump) of the accumulating vessel network.
Most of the lymphatic vessels have valves like the ones in veins to hold the lymph, that may clot, flowing withinside the one direction (closer to the heart). Lymphatic vessels drain fluid known as lymph from tissues at some point of the frame and go back the fluid to the venous device via accumulating ducts.
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examine the reconstruction of the ardipithecus ramidus pelvis below. what adaptations for bipedalism are seen in this pelvis?
The lower back's lumbar lordosis, or curve, aids in keeping the upper body balanced on the pelvis. The size, form, and direction of a iliac paddles in the top portion of the pelvis vary between humans and apes inside a way that shows our dedication to a walking biped.
In Ardipithecus ramidus, the pelvis is shorter and wider and has been tapered and flattened on the sides to support the legs. The elongated ilium, which repositions the gluteal muscles, the shorter distance between the sacroiliac and hip joints, and the ventrally titrated pelvis, which aligns the sacroiliac and hip joints are the three skeletal adaptations that lead to a platypelloid pelvis. and capita growth lumbar lordosis Human bipedal locomotion is elevated by a limited pelvis. However, the umbilical cord must be sufficiently big to enable a birth since in animals, the pelvis also serves as the tube through which newborn newborns transit. The joints in the legs, knee, as well as ankles, as well as the spine's vertebrae, toes, and arms, underwent skeletal changes as a result of bipedalism.
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Due to ______, equatorial regions of earth have warm temperatures year-round, and nonequatorial regions experience lower temperatures, less light, and seasonal changes.
The earth's equatorial and nonequatorial areas both experience warm temperatures all year round as a result of global warming.
What is the primary reason for seasonal fluctuations in temperature?The spin axis of the earth is inclined to its orbital plane. This triggers the change of the seasons. It is summer where the axis of the earth faces the sun. When the axis of the globe is facing away, winter is to be expected.
What factors affect a place's temperature?Natural factors that affect a region's temperature trends include latitude, elevation, and the existence of ocean currents.A region's precipitation patterns are impacted by things like its closeness to mountain ranges and the direction of the prevailing winds.
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Ligase catalyzes a reaction between the 5'-phosphate and the 3'-hydroxyl at the ends of DNA molecules. The enzyme calf intestinal phosphatase catalyzes the removal of the 5'-phosphate from DNA molecules.
What would be the consequence of treating the vector, before ligation, with calf intestinal phosphatase?
A) It would prevent the ends of the plasmids from being ligated.
B) It would prevent the plasmid's DNA from reversing polarity during ligation.
C) It would reverse the polarity of plasmids' DNA
D) It would ligate the ends of the plasmids.
A) It would prevent the ends of the plasmids from being ligated.
Ligases would avoid ligating the ends of the plasmids. The right response is option (A).
Ligases are enzymes that can catalyze the reaction of combining two big molecules by creating a new chemical bond, typically with concurrent hydrolysis of a minor chemical group on one of the bulky molecules or simply linking of two chemicals. The Ligase enzyme's role is to catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from the 5' ends of DNA strands by dephosphorylation. It specifically works to prevent the re-ligation of plasmid DNA that has been linearized using this technique so that additional DNA fragments cannot be ligated into the vector. In cloning, it is especially useful.
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Which type of noncovalent interaction supports the double helix of dna and produces the base pairings a–t and g–c?.
Hydrogen bonding noncovalent interaction supports the double helix of DNA and produces the base pairings A-T and G-C.
The two different types of nucleic acids are as follows:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Both RNA and DNA molecules couple their bases. Adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine are the bases found in RNA molecules while guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine are found in DNA molecules.
A is always linked with T in a DNA molecule, while G is always coupled with C, and base T is changed to base U in RNA. There is a weak hydrogen connection that can be easily broken between a base pair and the double helix of the DNA molecule.
The complete question is:
Which type of noncovalent interaction supports the double helix of DNA and produces the base pairings A-T and G-C?
a. ion-dipole interactions
b. dipole-dipole forces
c. ion-ion interactions
d. London dispersion forces
e. hydrogen bonding
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a group of cels is assayed for dna content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of dna per nucleus. how many picgorams wouldbe found at the end of s and hte end of g2
The cell cycle is split into the- G1 section additionally referred to as the increase section, the S -section additionally referred to as as synthesis section, the G2 section needed would be 24 picograms.
As given withinside the question, the DNA content material right away after mitosis is 12 picograms of DNA in keeping with nucleus.
DNA synthesis takes place withinside the S -section. The G1 section undergoes the increase of the mobileular and additionally prepares for S-section. Thus, at some stage in the G1 section because the DNA replication does now no longer take area the awareness of DNA withinside the cells stays the equal that is 12 picograms.
The G2 section is the section that takes place after S-section. As the DNA receives replicated the awareness of the DNA receives doubled.
Thus, the awareness of DNA withinside the cells on the G2 section could be 24 picograms.
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evolutionary development of a head and brain containing neural and sensory organs is a process called
Cephalization is the process through which the head and brain, which contain neurological and sensory organs, evolve.
What is Cephalization?The mouth, sense organs, and nerve ganglia get concentrated in the front of an animal over many generations, creating a head area. This is known as cephalization. This is connected to mobility and bilateral symmetry, resulting in a distinct head end for the animal. As a result, three different animal groups—arthropods, cephalopod molluscs, and vertebrates—developed very complex brains.
What is bilateria?The majority of animal phyla belong to the big group known as the Bilateria, which is distinguished by cephalization. These are able to move by contracting their muscles, and their body plans feature a front end that is the first part of the body to be stimulated as the animal moves forward. As a result, many of the body's sense organs, including those that can detect light, chemicals, and gravity, have developed in the front end. Additionally, a group of nerve cells that can process the data from these sense organs frequently exists. In some phyla, this group of nerve cells forms a brain, whereas in others, it forms one or more ganglia.
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check your understanding cyu 12.1 what are the three main areas of investigation (categories of evidence) accompanying a new fossil find?
The three main areas of investigation accompanying a new fossil find are impression fossils, trace fossils, and replacement fossils. Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient life that have been preserved by natural processes.
Impression fossils preserve the prints or impressions of extinct plants or animals. The plant or animal makes an impression when it touches down in mud, silt, or sand. It eventually vanishes, yet the effect endures. The mud, silt, or sand becomes rock and a fossilized impression is left behind. Trace fossils document the behavior of extinct creatures. In the soft mud, silt, or sand, these animals leave their prints or scats, which leave impressions. The soil preserves a sign of the animal when it solidifies into rock, just way impression fossils do. Replacement fossils are exact copies of objects that were once alive, like trees and aquatic life. These living things become imprisoned, perish, and are covered with water that is mineral-rich. The organic components decompose and are replaced by silica, a hard mineral. The minerals fill in the gaps and produce a substitute or duplicate fossil of the live object.
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