a) Adjusted cost base (ACB) refers to the cost of an investment adjusted for tax purposes, for such events as stock splits, dividends, and return of capital distributions. It is calculated by adding the cost of investment and all expenses related to the investment such as broker fees and commission.
Then, divide by the total number of shares held by the investor.
The adjusted cost base of Samuel's shares is calculated as follows:
Total cost for year 1 =300 × $20 = $6,000
Total cost for year 2 = 500 × $22 = $11,000
Total cost for year 3 = 400 × $2Y = 400 × $26 =$10,400
Total shares = 300 + 500 + 400 = 1200 shares
Therefore, Adjusted cost base= ($6,000 + $11,000 + $10,400) ÷ 1200=$27,400 ÷ 1200= $22.83/share (to two decimal places)
b) Taxable capital gain is the profit realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset that was greater than the purchase price. It is calculated by subtracting the adjusted cost base (ACB) from the selling price.
Samuel's total selling price = 1200 shares × $3Y = 1200 shares × $30 = $36,000
Therefore, the capital gain on the sale of his shares is:
Capital Gain = Selling price - Adjusted cost base = $36,000 - ($22.83 × 1200)= $36,000 - $27,396 = $8,604
Therefore, the taxable capital gain on the sale of Samuel's shares is $8,604.
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Which of the following functions of money would be violated if inflation were high? store of value unit of account certificate of gold medium of exchange Question 26 (Mandatory) What is a required reserve ratio? The percent of deposits that banks must keep on hand. The percent of reserves that banks can loan out. The ratio of deposits to loans. The ratio of reserves on hand to reserves on deposit with the Federal Reserve.
The function of money that would be violated if inflation were high is the store of value.
One of the most important functions of money is as a store of value. Money can be saved for use in the future due to this function. A store of value, as the name implies, is a function that allows you to store something for a later date. Inflation, on the other hand, has a significant impact on money's ability to serve as a store of value. When inflation is high, the purchasing power of money decreases, making it more difficult to save money for future use.
Inflation refers to a rise in the general level of prices over time, which can be due to a variety of factors such as a decrease in the money supply or an increase in aggregate demand. Inflation erodes the purchasing power of money, making it more difficult to store value in the form of cash or other liquid assets. As a result, high inflation makes it more difficult for money to serve as a store of value.
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Use vertical analysis to compute the common size percentage for
accounts payable for year 2. Round to the nearest tenth of a
percent. Do not include the % sign.
Vertical analysis is a method of analyzing the financial statements of a company. It involves the evaluation of various elements of a financial statement relative to a base amount.
Vertical analysis helps to evaluate a company's financial condition by comparing different items in the financial statements. Accounts payable are the amounts owed by a company to its suppliers for goods and services purchased on credit. It is an important element of a company's balance sheet.
The common size percentage for accounts payable can be calculated using the vertical analysis method. Vertical analysis helps to analyze the financial statement of a company by expressing different items as a percentage of a common base. Here's how to compute the common size percentage for accounts payable for year 2 using vertical analysis: Step 1: Determine the base amount for the vertical analysis.
The base amount for the vertical analysis of the balance sheet is the total assets. Step 2: Determine the total assets for year 2. Total assets for year 2 is $3,000,000. Step 3: Determine the accounts payable for year 2. Accounts payable for year 2 is $300,000. Step 4: Compute the common size percentage for accounts payable for year 2.
The common size percentage for accounts payable for year 2 is calculated as follows: Common size percentage = (Accounts payable / Total assets) × 100Common size percentage = ($300,000 / $3,000,000) × 100Common size percentage = 0.1 × 100Common size percentage = 10%Therefore, the common size percentage for accounts payable for year 2 is 10%.
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Minimizing Distortions in Performance Data at Expert Engineering, Inc.
Under various engineer titles, veteran engineer Demetri worked for Expert Engineering, Inc. for almost 15 years. He has recently been promoted to the position of Principal at the engineering firm. The firm's performance evaluation history is both unique and long. All principals are involved in evaluating engineers because the founders of the firm believed in multiple source evaluation and feedback to prevent favoritism and promote a merit-based culture. At the same time, the firm has a long history of using quality performance appraisal forms and review meetings to better ensure accurate performance evaluations. Several months ago, however, the firm initiated a big hiring initiative of a dozen new engineers, nine of whom turn out to be graduates from Boilermaker University, which is the same university from which Demetri graduated. Indeed, Demetri was active in moving forward the hiring initiative. There is tension and discontent among the other principals, who fear that a time of unchecked favoritism, biased performance ratings, and unfair promotion decisions is on the rise.
1. Provide a detailed discussion of the intentional rating distortion factors that may come into play in this situation.
2. Evaluate the kinds of interventions you could implement to minimize intentional rating distortion, and its reasons, that you have described. What do you recommend and why?
Intentional rating distortion factors that may come into play in this situation:
When it comes to employee evaluations, various factors may intentionally distort performance ratings.
The following are some of the factors:
Central Tendency:
The rater assigns ratings that are roughly the same to all employees.
Leniency or strictness bias: Leniency bias happens when a rater rates all employees high;
strictness bias occurs when a rater rates all employees low.
Contrast Effect:
This occurs when employees are compared to one another instead of against a standard.
Mutual Dependence Error:
This occurs when the rater assesses an employee's performance based on the supervisor's performance.
Identical Feedback:
This happens when the rater offers identical feedback for all employees without considering each employee's uniqueness.
Halo and Horn Effect:
When the rater's overall impression of the employee significantly affects the employee's specific ratings, the halo effect occurs.
The horn effect is when a rater's overall negative perception of an employee significantly affects the employee's specific ratings.
Kinds of interventions to minimize intentional rating distortion, and its reasons, that can be implemented:
Interventions to minimize intentional rating distortion can include various techniques, such as setting clear rating guidelines, offering training for raters, improving feedback quality, and conducting rater calibration meetings.
In addition, a merit-based culture must be established in the company, including clear communication about performance expectations and rewards based on performance.
to minimize intentional rating distortion, the following interventions can be implemented:
Clear guidelines and performance expectations should be established to ensure that all employees are rated fairly.
Training for raters on how to be fair and impartial when evaluating employees.
Provide feedback and performance expectations for employees' growth.
Regularly hold calibration meetings to ensure rating fairness and consistency among all raters.
Recommendation:
In order to promote merit-based culture in the company and to ensure that all employees are treated fairly and equally, it is recommended that the company adopt a 360-degree feedback system,
in which feedback is gathered from multiple sources (peers, subordinates, and supervisors) for employee performance evaluation.
This will help to minimize intentional rating distortion as well as improve feedback quality.
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. 1The marginal cost function of a product is given by dc dx = 100-10x -0 1x where x is the output Obtain the average fixed cost is GHC 500 Ans. Ghc
The Average Fixed Cost is GHC 600 / x - 5.05x / 2.
Given that, The marginal cost function of a product is given by dc/dx = 100 - 10x - 0.1x where x is the output.
In order to obtain the average fixed cost, we need to follow these steps: Step 1: Find the Total cost function by integrating the marginal cost function.
To find the Total cost function, integrate the marginal cost function with respect to x.dc/dx = Cx
Where C is the constant of integration [tex]Total Cost (C) = ∫ (dc/dx) dx= ∫ (100 - 10x - 0.1x) dx= 100x - 5x² - 0.05x² / 2 + K[/tex]Where K is the constant of integration.
Step 2: Find the value of constant K using the given information.
The Average Fixed Cost (AFC) is given as GHC 500. This implies that when output is zero, the total cost is GHC 500.
Total Cost (C) = [tex]100x - 5x² - 0.05x² / 2 + K[/tex] When x = 0, C = 500
Substituting the given values in the above equation we get,
[tex]500 = 100 * 0 - 5 * 0² - 0.05 * 0² / 2 + KK = 500[/tex]
Step 3: Find the Average Fixed Cost The total cost function with the value of constant K.
Total Cost (C) = 500 = 100 * 0 - 5 * 0² - 0.05 * 0² / 2 + KK = 500
Average Fixed Cost [tex](AFC) = C / x= (100x - 5.05x² / 2 + 500) / x= 100 - 5.05x / 2 + 500 / x= 600 / x - 5.05x / 2[/tex]
Therefore, the Average Fixed Cost is GHC 600 / x - 5.05x / 2.
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Ojo Outerwear Corporation can manufacture mountain climbing shoes for $32.10 per pair in variable raw material costs and $23.05 per pair in variable labor expense. The shoes sell for $148 per pair. Last year, production was 150,000 pairs. Fixed costs were $1,210,000.
a. What were total production costs? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
b. What is the marginal cost per pair? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
c. What is the average cost per pair? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
d. If the company is considering a one-time order for an extra 8,000 pairs, what is the minimum acceptable total revenue from the order? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
a. Total production costs can be calculated by adding variable costs (raw material and labor) to fixed costs.
Variable costs = Variable raw material costs + Variable labor expense
= $32.10 + $23.05
= $55.15 per pair
Total production costs = Variable costs per pair * Number of pairs produced
= $55.15 * 150,000
= $8,272,500
b. Marginal cost per pair is the additional cost incurred to produce one more pair of shoes. In this case, the variable costs per pair ($55.15) represent the marginal cost.
Marginal cost per pair = $55.15
c. Average cost per pair can be calculated by dividing the total production costs by the number of pairs produced.
Average cost per pair = Total production costs / Number of pairs produced
= $8,272,500 / 150,000
= $55.15
d. To determine the minimum acceptable total revenue from the order of 8,000 pairs, we need to calculate the additional cost incurred and add it to the minimum acceptable profit.
Additional cost for 8,000 pairs = Variable costs per pair * Number of additional pairs
= $55.15 * 8,000
= $441,200
Minimum acceptable total revenue = Total production costs + Additional cost + Minimum acceptable profit
Since the question doesn't provide a specific minimum acceptable profit, we'll assume it as zero for simplicity.
Minimum acceptable total revenue = Total production costs + Additional cost
= $8,272,500 + $441,200
= $8,713,700
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lewisn force field anaylis sees permanent change frozen into place
true or false
The given statement "lewisn force field anaylis sees permanent change frozen into place" is false.Lewin's Force Field Analysis is a change management technique that aids in the identification of factors that either promote or hinder change.
It is founded on the concept that an organization is a dynamic system made up of numerous interrelated elements, and any change in one of these components will have an impact on the others.A force field analysis is a tool for identifying the forces that promote or inhibit change. Lewin's model's primary aim is to determine the driving and restraining factors that impact the change's success. These opposing forces may either promote or impede change, and the change will not occur until the positive forces exceed the negative ones. Therefore, the notion of permanent change being frozen into place is incorrect, making the statement false.
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Cost-based transfer pricing: manufacturer L0 12.12 시, 12.13 division's absorption cost plus a 10 per cent markup. spare production capacity. Required 1. Is the electrical division manager likely to want to accept or reject the special offer? Why? 2. Is this decision in the best interests of Synergy Ltd as a whole? Explain. 3. How could the situation be remedied using the transfer price?
The electrical division manager is likely to accept the special offer because the transfer price is lower than the market price, allowing them to increase their profits.
This decision may not be in the best interests of Synergy Ltd as a whole because the electrical division's acceptance may result in missed sales opportunities and lower overall company profits.
The situation could be remedied by using a market-based transfer price, which reflects the actual market value of the product and encourages optimal decision-making based on supply and demand dynamics. This would ensure fair allocation of resources and maximize overall company profits.The electrical division manager is likely to want to accept the special offer. The offer allows the division to utilize its spare production capacity, which would generate additional revenue and potentially improve the division's performance.
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Potriz Inc. is planning a replacement decision. In doing so, the company wants to replace an old machine that was purchased for $65000 two years ago and can now be sold at a market price of 23,000.
The cost of the new machine is $140,000. It will require installation and shipping costs of $2000 and $4000, respectively.
The fax allowable depreciation for the old machine is $13000 per year for a period of 5 years. The useful life of the new machine is three years. For the first two years, the new machine has an annual tax allowable depreciation of $7000. The annual expected operating cash flow (before tax) of the new machine and old machine are $143000 and 12000, respectively.
Furthermore, with the new machine, inventory, account receivables, and payables are expected to increase immediately by $13000, $9000, and $15000, respectively.
The corporate tax rate is 30 percent. The market prices of the new and old machines are expected to be $6600 and $4000, respectively.
Compute the NPV of the replacement project, assuming a discount rate of 6% per annum
What is the proposed investment’s IRR?
Use the computed IRR and NPV results and discuss the project/accept decision
Introduction to the problem The problem deals with the replacement of an old machine with a new one. The old machine was purchased two years ago for $65000, and now it can be sold for $23,000.
The cost of the new machine is $140,000. It will require installation and shipping costs of $2000 and $4000, respectively. The corporate tax rate is 30 percent, and the market prices of the new and old machines are expected to be $6600 and $4000, respectively.
Computation of annual tax allowable depreciation for the old machine Annual tax allowable depreciation for the old machine = $13000 per year for five years. Therefore, after two years, the depreciation for the old machine would be $26000.Computation of the annual tax allowable depreciation for the new machine.
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The Dilly Company marks up all merchandise at 25% of gross
purchase price. All purchases are made on account with terms of
1/10, (1% discount if paid in 10 days) net/60 (full amount due
within 60 days
The Dilly Company is a business that marks up all merchandise at 25% of the gross purchase price. All purchases are made on an account with terms of 1/10 (1% discount if paid in 10 days) net/60 (full amount due within 60 days). There are a few key terms that are important to understand in this scenario.
The gross purchase price refers to the amount of money that the company pays to purchase the merchandise before adding a markup.
The markup is the additional amount added to the gross purchase price in order to determine the selling price of the merchandise. For The Dilly Company, this markup is 25%.
The terms of 1/10, net/60 refer to the payment terms that the company offers to its customers. If a customer pays within 10 days, they are eligible for a 1% discount on their purchase. If they do not take advantage of this discount, they must pay the full amount within 60 days.
This type of payment term is known as a cash discount, and it is a common way for businesses to encourage customers to pay their bills more quickly.
The Dilly Company must keep track of its accounts receivable in order to ensure that its customers are paying their bills on time. If customers are consistently late with their payments, this can cause cash flow problems for the business. By offering a cash discount for early payment, The Dilly Company can encourage its customers to pay their bills more quickly, which can help to improve cash flow.
Overall, The Dilly Company's pricing and payment policies are designed to help the business generate revenue and manage its cash flow effectively. By marking up its merchandise and offering cash discounts to its customers, the company can maximize its profits while still providing value to its customers.
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a manufacturer is using a fixed order quantity inventory model for valve replenishment by a supplier. the order quantity is 1000 valves. the weekly requirement for deliveries is 200 valves. the supplier's lead time is 2 weeks. if the re-order point has been set at 500 valves, how much safety stock is being carried?
It should be noted that the safety stock being carried is 100 valves.
How to calculate the valueTo determine the safety stock being carried, we need to calculate the difference between the reorder point and the expected demand during the lead time. In this case:
Reorder Point = 500 valves
Lead Time = 2 weeks
Weekly Requirement = 200 valves
Expected Demand during Lead Time = Weekly Requirement * Lead Time = 200 valves/week * 2 weeks = 400 valves
Safety Stock = Reorder Point - Expected Demand during Lead Time
= 500 valves - 400 valves
= 100 valves
Therefore, the safety stock being carried is 100 valves.
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Sam was considering purchasing a cell phone. He went to one store and saw two phones for sale. One was selling for $1000, and the other was selling for $1200. The two were the same except that the first one had 126 GB storage and the latter one had 256 GB storage. He was indifferent between the two options and was not sure which one to buy. Then he went to another store and saw the same two phones that he saw in the first store. But this store was also selling another phone that was the same as the other two except it had 512 GB storage and the price was $1700. Sam bought the $1200 phone immediately. Which of the following statements best describes Sam’s choice?
a) Sam’s choice is rational.
b) Sam’s choice violates the transitivity axiom
c) Sam’s choice violates the completeness axiom
d) Sam’s choice violates the invariance axiom.
Sam's choice violates the transitivity axiom because he preferred the $1200 phone to the $1700 phone, but also preferred the $1700 phone to the $1000 phone.
The transitivity axiom states that if A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then A must be preferred to C. In this case, Sam was indifferent between the $1000 phone and the $1200 phone. He then saw the $1700 phone, which had more storage than the $1200 phone, and he immediately bought the $1200 phone.
This violates the transitivity axiom, because if the $1200 phone is preferred to the $1700 phone, and the $1700 phone is preferred to the $1000 phone, then the $1200 phone must also be preferred to the $1000 phone.
The other axioms are not violated in this case. The completeness axiom states that for any two alternatives, A and B, either A is preferred to B, B is preferred to A, or A and B are indifferent. Sam was indifferent between the $1000 phone and the $1200 phone, so the completeness axiom is not violated.
The invariance axiom states that if A is preferred to B, then A is still preferred to B regardless of any irrelevant changes. In this case, Sam's preference for the $1200 phone was not affected by the introduction of the $1700 phone, so the invariance axiom is not violated.
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The risk-free interest rate is 3.9% per year, the liquidity premium is 0.2% per year, the maturity premium is 0.6% per year, the inflation premium is 1.6% per year, and the default premium is 2.9% per year. What is the annual real risk-free rate? Use the cross-product method, or Fisher effect.
1) 1.95%
2) 1.75%
3) 1.51%
4) 2.10%
5) 2.26%
The Fisher effect or cross-product method provides a simple approach to calculate the nominal interest rate, which can be converted to real interest rate by subtracting the inflation rate.
Nominal interest rate
= Real interest rate + Inflation rate. Therefore, Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate.
The given terms are:The risk-free interest rate is 3.9% per yearThe liquidity premium is 0.2% per year
The maturity premium is 0.6% per yearThe inflation premium is 1.6% per yearThe default premium is 2.9% per year.
Annual real risk-free rate can be calculated as follows:
Nominal interest rate = risk-free interest rate + liquidity premium + maturity premium + default
premiumNominal interest rate
= 3.9% + 0.2% + 0.6% + 2.9%
Nominal interest rate
= 7.6%
The annual real risk-free rate can be calculated using the Fisher effect or cross-product method as follows.
Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rateReal interest rate = 7.6% - 1.6%
Real interest rate
= 6%
The annual real risk-free rate is 6%.Hence, the correct option is 1) 1.95%.
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Discuss the benefits of using the expected value in business
performance analysis.
The concept of expected value has significant applications in the business world. It is a measure of the likely value of an uncertain event, usually expressed in monetary terms.
1. Decision-making:Expected value is a significant tool in decision-making for businesses. It enables managers to make informed decisions by weighing different alternatives based on their probable outcomes. By using expected value, managers can determine the most beneficial course of action to take that maximizes their expected returns.
2. Risk management:Expected value is also crucial in managing risks. Businesses can use expected value to determine the likelihood and consequences of different risks. By evaluating the expected value of risks, they can decide the most appropriate risk management strategies to employ.
In conclusion, expected value has a broad range of applications in the business world. It enables businesses to make informed decisions, analyze investment options, manage risks, and evaluate performance. Therefore, businesses should embrace the use of expected value in their operations.
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Monetarists usually hold [ ? ] expectations that people will form their expectations on the basis of the present realities and only gradually change their expectations as their experience unfolds.
Monetarists usually hold adaptive expectations that people will form their expectations based on present realities and gradually update them as their experience unfolds.
Monetarists generally adhere to the concept of adaptive expectations, which suggests that individuals form their expectations by observing current economic conditions and gradually adjust them over time as new information becomes available.
This approach contrasts with the idea of rational expectations, where individuals have perfect knowledge and make predictions based on an accurate understanding of the economic environment.
The concept of adaptive expectations in economics, particularly within the framework of monetarism, suggests that people base their future expectations on past experiences and present realities. According to monetarists, individuals do not possess complete or perfect information about the economy, and their expectations are influenced by recent events and observations.
Monetarists argue that individuals do not have access to all the relevant information or possess the ability to accurately forecast future economic conditions. Instead, they update their expectations gradually over time as they gain new experiences and information.
So, monetarists typically hold the view that people form their expectations based on present realities and gradually update them over time as their experiences unfold.
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The directors of Company A have heard that under alternative accounting jurisdictions (US GAAP) actuarial gains and losses can be immediately recognised in profit or loss or deferred. Draft a note to directors to explain the rationale of actuarial gains and losses related to the pension scheme and critically discuss the approach under IAS 19 Employee Benefits with respect to the immediate recognition of actuarial gains and losses to other comprehensive income?
Note to the Directors of Company A:Rationale of actuarial gains and losses related to pension schemeActuarial gains and losses are the changes that occur in the market value of the plan liabilities and assets, which affect the present and future pension benefits to employees.
This change is because of the changes in actuarial assumptions such as mortality rate, salary growth rate, discount rate, and employee turnover rate.
It also includes the difference between the actual return on assets and expected return on assets.Pension plans are classified as either defined-benefit or defined-contribution plans. Defined-benefit plans offer fixed payments upon retirement to employees based on their salary and years of service.
immediate recognition in profit or loss will increase volatility in the financial statements, which can negatively impact the company's reputation and can be misleading to investors. On the other hand, deferring actuarial gains and losses to other comprehensive income will smooth out the volatility in the financial statements, provide investors with a more accurate view of the financial performance of the company. The deferred actuarial gains and losses will be recognised in profit or loss over the remaining working lives of the employees.However, there is a risk of underfunding of pension schemes when actuarial gains and losses are deferred, and it can result in a significant increase in the pension scheme's liabilities. Also, the value of deferred actuarial gains and losses depends on actuarial assumptions, which can be incorrect, leading to a misstatement of the financial statements. It is essential to take all these factors into account before deciding the accounting treatment of actuarial gains and losses.
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Production improvement option B (with capital costs of $1.6 million per million pairs of production capacity and annual depreciation costs of 10% ) that reduces production run setup costs by 50% each year makes the most economic sense in which one of the following circumstances? Company managers expect to produce 350 models/styles and 4 million pairs of branded footwear on an ongoing basis at a 4-million pair capacity facility in Europe-Africa-annual production run setup costs for 350 models are $9 million. Company managers expect to produce 350 models/styles and 6 million pairs of branded footwear on an ongoing basis at a 6-million pair capacity facility in the Asia-Pacific-annual production run setup costs for 350 models of branded footwear are $9 million. Company managers expect to produce 250 models/styles and 3 million pairs of branded footwear on an ongoing basis at a 3-million pair capacity facility in Europe-Africa-annual production run setup costs for 250 models are $6.0 million. A company's strategy is to pursue actions that will reduce production costs per pair produced at each of its production facilities to as low a level as possible-lowering production run setup costs helps achieve this strategic objective; therefore, installing option B should be done at each of the company's production facilities, irrespective of facility capacity and number of models to be produced. Company managers expect to produce 350 models/styles and 2 million pairs of branded footwear on an ongoing basis at a new 2-million pair capacity facility in Europe-Africa-annual production run setup costs for 350 models of branded footwear are $9 million.
The other given options do not justify the economic sense of production improvement option B. Thus, option B is correct.
Option B with capital costs of $1.6 million per million pairs of production capacity and annual depreciation costs of 10% that reduces production run setup costs by 50% each year makes the most economic sense in the following circumstance:
A company's strategy is to pursue actions that will reduce production costs per pair produced at each of its production facilities to as low a level as possible-lowering production run setup costs helps achieve this strategic objective; therefore, installing option B should be done at each of the company's production facilities, irrespective of facility capacity and number of models to be produced.
The given statement concludes that the production improvement option B that reduces production run setup costs by 50% each year is most economic and makes sense when a company's strategy is to reduce production costs per pair produced at each of its production facilities to as low a level as possible-lowering production run setup costs helps achieve this strategic objective; therefore, installing option B should be done at each of the company's production facilities, irrespective of facility capacity and number of models to be produced.
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Kevin purchases a pack of chips. In the pack there are 3 pretzels of pretzels, 3 sour cream, 5 nacho Dorits, 3 cool ranch Doritos, 3 popcorn, 3 Cheeto puff, 5 crunchy Cheetos and 3 sun chips. He Chooses them at random, but his favorite is either the sun chips or a crunchy Cheetos. What are the chances that he will choose a sun chip or a crunchy Cheeto on the first try?
The given pack contains the following chips;3 pretzels 3 sour cream 5 nacho Dorits 3 cool ranch Doritos 3 popcorn 3 Cheeto puff 5 crunchy Cheetos 3 sun chips.
To find the chances of Kevin choosing either sun chips or crunchy Cheetos, we need to add the number of these two types of chips which is 5 + 5 = 10
Then, we can find the probability of choosing sun chips or crunchy Cheetos in the first attempt as;` Probability = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of possible outcomes)`
The total number of chips in the pack is given as; Total number of chips = 3 + 3 + 5 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 5 + 3 = 28
Possible outcomes = Total number of chips Therefore, `Probability of choosing sun chips or crunchy Cheetos = 10/28 = 5/14`
Therefore, the chances that he will choose a sun chip or a crunchy Cheeto on the first try are 5/14.
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The production function for a firm is given by Q=3l 1/3
, where q denotes finished output and L denotes hours of labor input. The firm is a price-taker both for the final product (which sell for P) and for workers (which can be hired at a wage rate w per hour). (a) What is this firm's demand for unconditional labor function [L(P,w)]? (b) What is the profit function for this firm?
Therefore, the firm's demand for unconditional labor function [L(P, w)] is L(P, w) = [(3^(2/3) x w) / P]^(3/2). The profit function for this firm is Profit = P x 3L^(1/3) - w x L.
(a) Demand for unconditional labor function [L(P, w)]:
Step 1: Start with the production function: Q = 3L^(1/3)
Step 2: Find the marginal product of labor (MP_L):
Differentiate the production function with respect to labor:
MP_L = dQ/dL = d/dL(3L^(1/3))
MP_L = L^(-2/3) x 3^(2/3)
MP_L = 3^(2/3) / L^(2/3)
Step 3: Set up the profit maximization condition:
The condition is given as (MP_L * W) / P = (MP_K * R) / P
Since the rental rate for capital (R) is not given, we assume it to be 0.
Step 4: Solve for the demand function for labor:
Substitute MP_L into the profit maximization condition:
(3^(2/3) / L^(2/3)) * W = P
Rearrange the equation to solve for L(P, W):
L(P, W) = [(3^(2/3) x W) / P]^(3/2)
Therefore, the firm's demand for unconditional labor function [L(P, w)] is L(P, w) = [(3^(2/3) x w) / P]^(3/2).
(b) Profit function:
Step 1: Total Revenue (TR):
TR is calculated using the formula: TR = P x Q
Substitute Q = 3L^(1/3) into the equation:
TR = P x 3L^(1/3)
Step 2: Total Cost (TC):
The cost of hiring labor is given by: TC = w x L
Assume that the wage rate (w) is the cost of hiring labor.
Step 3: Profit function:
Subtract TC from TR to get the profit function:
Profit = TR - TC = P x 3L^(1/3) - w x L
Therefore, the profit function for this firm is Profit = P x 3L^(1/3) - w x L.
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Arrowhead is a fintech startup that operates an online securities trading platform. Arrowhead's information technology ("IT") monitoring systems have detected multiple cyberattack attempts in the past two years. In a bid to bolster and publicise its IT security efforts, Arrowhead decided to start a "bug bounty" programme. A "bug bounty" is a reward given to any person who finds a qualifying security vulnerability in Arrowhead's trading platform and submits to Arrowhead a technical vulnerability report on it. On 3 rd June, Arrowhead published an online social media post on the "bug bounty" programme, which stated as follows: "We are offering a bug bounty of $5,000 to anyone who finds and reports a qualifying security vulnerability in our Arrowhead trading platform and submits a technical vulnerability report to us by 31 5t
December of this year! A minimum and guaranteed bounty pool of $100,000 has been set aside specially for this programme. Visit our website for more information on what constitutes a qualifying security vulnerability and our requirements for the technical vulnerability report." Natasha, an IT undergraduate, saw the post shortly after it was made and she was very excited to begin testing Arrowhead's trading platform. Within a few weeks of testing, she discovered a code execution bug in the platform, which falls within one of the categories of qualifying security vulnerabilities. Natasha then prepared a technical vulnerability report in line with Arrowhead's requirements and submitted the report to Arrowhead via email on 15 th October (i.e., before the stipulated deadline of 31 st December). Unknown to Natasha, Arrowhead had recently undergone an internal corporate restructuring exercise, and the newly installed management team wanted to terminate the "bug bounty" programme entirely. Subsequently, a representative from Arrowhead sent an email to Natasha to say that the programme has been terminated entirely and therefore she would not receive anything. Natasha was very upset with this reply, as she believed that she should be entitled to claim the sum of $5,000 as stated in Arrowhead's online social media post. Explain whether there is a valid contract between Arrowhead and Natasha that will entitle Natasha to claim the sum of $5,000 as mentioned in the online social media post. In your answer, you should identify and discuss the four (4) elements of a contract, as well as distinguish a unilateral contract from a bilateral contract. (This means that you should also state and define the four elements of a contract, discuss the relevant legal rules associated with them, and apply them with reference to the facts and circumstances described in the scenario.) (75 marks) Identify and discuss one (1) method of alternative dispute resolution ("ADR") which you would recommend to Arrowhead and Natasha to resolve their dispute. In your answer, you should compare and contrast your recommended ADR method with litigation, and provide reasons for your recommendation. (You are not required to cite the Rules of Court.)
Yes, there is a valid contract between Arrowhead and Natasha that will entitle Natasha to claim the sum of $5,000 as mentioned in the online social media post.The four elements of a contract include offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations.
These elements must exist to create a valid contract. In this scenario, Arrowhead made an offer by posting on its online social media page. Natasha accepted the offer by submitting a vulnerability report on time. The consideration involved in this contract was the $5,000 reward. Finally, Arrowhead had the intention to create legal relations when it published the "bug bounty" program. Therefore, all four elements of the contract are present in this scenario.
A unilateral contract is a contract where only one party makes an offer. A bilateral contract is a contract where both parties exchange offers. In this case, Arrowhead made an offer, and Natasha accepted it. Therefore, this is a bilateral contract. If only Arrowhead had made an offer, it would have been a unilateral contract.
One recommended method of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) that could be used to resolve the dispute is arbitration. The parties can choose an arbitrator who is an expert in IT security to decide the matter. Arbitration is a private process where a neutral third party decides the outcome of the dispute. It is less formal and less expensive than litigation.
Unlike litigation, arbitration proceedings are not made public, so the parties can keep the details of the dispute confidential.Litigation is the process of resolving disputes in court. It is a formal and time-consuming process that can be expensive. Compared to litigation, arbitration is faster, less formal, and less expensive. Therefore, arbitration is a better option for Arrowhead and Natasha to resolve their dispute.
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high turnover rates of employees duting the first
thirty days on the job might suggest that management should analyze
the current:
High turnover rates of employees during the first thirty days on the job might suggest that management should analyze the current on boarding process, job requirements, and employee engagement strategies to improve retention rates.
Employee turnover is a significant issue for organizations that can negatively affect morale, productivity, and profitability. As a result, organizations must examine the reasons behind the high turnover rates during the probationary period to identify areas of improvement.The onboarding process is one of the essential factors to examine in an organization's analysis. New employees who feel unsupported or uncertain about their role during the onboarding process are more likely to leave within the first month. Management should provide a structured onboarding process that is both comprehensive and engaging, including a clear understanding of the company culture and the employee's role.Job requirements must also be evaluated. Sometimes, job requirements may not be clearly communicated or may not accurately reflect the job's responsibilities. Employees who realize the job's expectations are different from what they expected will be more likely to quit. Finally, management must ensure that the new employee feels engaged and connected with the organization's culture. Managers who create a positive work environment, foster collaboration and encourage open communication will help new employees feel part of the team, reducing the turnover rate.
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As foreign markets took on greater importance in the 21st century, Hollywood has begun to cater more to them. Big budget films that are deemed to be too U.S.-centric are rarely produced. Scripts that have universal appeal are developed. Foreign actors are cast in leading roles. On occasion, scenes and actors who have local appeal for large markets, such as China, are inserted into "export" editions. (Total: 6 points)
Q.1 What kind of global strategy is Hollywood employing? (2points)
Q.2 What are the characteristics of such a strategy? Q.3 What are the benefits and risks of such a strategy?
Hollywood is employing a global strategy. The characteristics of this strategy include creating big budget films that have universal appeal. Foreign actors are often cast in leading roles to help cater to foreign markets. Scripts are also developed with the idea of having a universal appeal, rather than being too U.S.-centric.
Benefits: This strategy has several benefits for Hollywood. By catering to foreign markets, Hollywood is able to expand its reach and potentially increase profits. This also allows Hollywood to tap into new markets, which can help to sustain its growth.
Risks: While there are benefits to this strategy, there are also risks. By catering to foreign markets, Hollywood runs the risk of alienating its domestic audience. If films are no longer produced that appeal to U.S. audiences, Hollywood could see a decline in popularity and profits. Additionally, there is a risk that foreign markets may not be as receptive to Hollywood films as hoped.
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Compute the amount that can be borrowed under each of the following circumstances: (PV of S1. EV of D. PVA of $1, and EVA of S1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Round your "Toble value" to 4 decimal places.) 1. A promise to repay $90.000 seven years from now at an interest rate of 6%. 2. An agreement made on February 1, 2016 , to make three separate payments of $20,000 on Fetruary 1 of 2017,2018 . and 2019 . The annual interest rate is 10%.
The answer is , the amount that was borrowed is $50,256.
How to find?Given:
PV of S1 = Present value of $1
EV of D = Future value of $1
PVA of $1 = Present value of annuity of $1
EVA of S1 = Future value of annuity of $1
The amount that can be borrowed under each of the following circumstances are:
1. Promise to repay $90.000 seven years from now at an interest rate of 6%.
Solution:
The present value of $1 at 6% interest for 7 years is 0.5584.
So, the amount borrowed is:
$90,000 × 0.5584 = $50,256.
2. An agreement made on February 1, 2016, to make three separate payments of $20,000 on February 1 of 2017, 2018, and 2019.
The annual interest rate is 10%.
How to find?
First, we need to find the present value of the agreement at February 1, 2016, which is the sum of the present value of the three $20,000 payments.
The present value of $1 at 10% interest for 1 year is 0.9091.
The present value of $1 at 10% interest for 2 years is 0.8264.
The present value of $1 at 10% interest for 3 years is 0.7513.
Present value of first payment of $20,000 = $20,000 × 0.9091
= $18,182
Present value of second payment of $20,000 = $20,000 × 0.8264
= $16,528
Present value of third payment of $20,000 = $20,000 × 0.7513
= $15,026
Present value of the agreement = $18,182 + $16,528 + $15,026
= $49,736
The amount borrowed is $49,736, which is the present value of the agreement.
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Liquidity refers to: Multiple Choice a company's ability to pay its long-term liabilities. having sufficient cash (or other assets convertible to cash in a relatively short time) to pay currently maturing debts. the ability of reported earnings to reflect the company's true earnings. the earnings or operating effectiveness of a company
Liquidity refers to having sufficient cash (or other assets convertible to cash in a relatively short time) to pay currently maturing debts. In other words, liquidity measures the ability of a company to meet its short-term obligations with readily available resources. A company's liquidity position is critical to its long-term viability.
A company that cannot pay its bills when they come due is unlikely to remain in business for long. Conversely, a company that maintains a strong liquidity position can continue to operate during tough economic times and can take advantage of growth opportunities as they arise.
Liquidity ratios are used to measure a company's liquidity. Current ratio and quick ratio are two widely used liquidity ratios. The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Quick ratio, on the other hand, is a more stringent measure of liquidity that excludes inventory from current assets and pre-paid expenses from current liabilities.
Both ratios are important measures of liquidity that help investors and creditors evaluate a company's ability to meet short-term obligations. In summary, liquidity is a critical aspect of a company's financial position that measures the ability of a company to pay its short-term obligations.
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: On December 1. 2021 Lansing On December 31,2021 the company made the appropriate year-end adjusting entry for interest: On March 1, 2022, Joshua Smith pays Lansing Compony the note and interest in full as promised What journal entry should the compe hake to record the collection of cash on March 1, 2022? (Round your answers to the nearest vhole dollar.) On December 1. 2021 Lansing On December 31,2021 the company made the appropriate year-end adjusting entry for interest: On March 1, 2022, Joshua Smith pays Lansing Compony the note and interest in full as promised What journal entry should the compe hake to record the collection of cash on March 1, 2022? (Round your answers to the nearest vhole dollar.)
Journal Entry to record the collection of cash on March 1, 2022 Lansing Company is a company that made the appropriate year-end adjusting entry for interest on December 31, 2021. Joshua Smith pays the note and interest in full as promised on March 1, 2022. To record the collection of cash on March 1, 2022, the company will make the following journal entry: Cash account, Debit$5,687; Notes receivable account, Debit$5,000; Interest income account, Credit$687.
Explanation: On December 31, 2021, Lansing Company made an adjusting entry to recognize the interest earned on the note for the month of December. Therefore, the interest to be recorded when the payment is received on March 1, 2022, is the interest earned for January and February 2022 which is equal to $687. Hence, the cash account is debited for the total amount received from Joshua Smith, which is $5,687. The Notes Receivable account is debited for the principal amount of the note of $5,000, while the interest income account is credited for $687, which is the interest earned.
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19. The brown of the UPS man and the colorful matching McDonald's uniforms are both examples of a. Trade dress b. Certification mark c. Custom design d. Poor taste in fashion.
a. Trade dress
The brown of the UPS man and the color matching McDonald's uniforms are both examples of Trade dress.
Trade dress refers to the unique and overall image that distinguishes a company or product from others. Trade dress is the unique characteristic of a product that indicates its source and identifies it among other products. The physical appearance of the product, such as its size, shape, color, graphics, and packaging, can all contribute to its trade dress identity. Trade dress is a type of intellectual property, similar to trademarks and service marks, which provide a company with legal rights to use unique identifying marks or names for its products or services.
In summary, Trade dress refers to the overall design and appearance of a product or service that is distinctive and identifies it from competitors.
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Conduct a research and discuss the meanings and the differences of the fields ‘PUBLIC BUSINESS LAW’ and ‘PRIVATE BUSINESS LAW’ in the concrete Zambian business context. Give a minimum of 3 practical examples for each category and describe the resulting obligations for the business owner. Apply the learned principles from the module and other researched materials, which dealt with the distinction of public law and private law.
Public business law refers to the legal rules, regulations, and legislation that regulate the conduct of business transactions between private individuals and the government or state in the public interest.
Private Business Law, on the other hand, refers to the legal rules, regulations, and legislation that govern the relationships between private entities, i.e., individuals and organizations.
What are the differences?Differences in Public and Private Business Law:
Public business law regulates business activities for the benefit of society as a whole. Private business law regulates business activities solely to protect private interests.
Public business law rules, regulations, and legislation can have an impact on public welfare, while private business law rules, regulations, and legislation are designed to protect individual business interests.
Practical Examples for Each Category:
Public Business Law
Examples of public business law include labor law, environmental protection law, taxation law, competition law, and corporate governance law.
Labor law requires employers to provide fair compensation to their employees, provide a safe and healthy work environment, and protect employees' rights to unionize.Environmental protection laws mandate that businesses take necessary measures to protect the environment and reduce their carbon footprint.Taxation laws require businesses to pay taxes to the government.Corporate governance laws mandate that companies should follow ethical standards and be transparent in their operations.
Private Business Law
Examples of private business law include contract law, tort law, property law, and intellectual property law.
Contract law governs the terms and conditions of contracts between businesses and individuals.Tort law governs how businesses should behave towards their customers, employees, and other third parties.Property law governs how businesses should use, transfer, or dispose of their property, including intellectual property.Intellectual property law governs the protection of intangible assets like trademarks, patents, and copyrights. Resulting Obligations for Business Owners:The obligation of a business owner in public business law is to comply with the set laws and regulations. Compliance helps to ensure that the business operates within the set rules and avoids legal issues.The obligation of a business owner in private business law is to respect the terms and conditions of contracts, be cautious to avoid actions that could result in damage to another party, protect their intellectual property, and respect property rights.
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The entire economy consists of the production of trees, paper and textbooks. Trees are used to produce paper and paper is used to produce textbooks. The consumers in this economy consume paper and textbooks. Which of the following statements is true? A. Trees and paper are intermediate goods, while textbooks are only final goods B. Trees are capital goods, paper is an intermediate good, while textbooks are final goods c. Trees, paper and textbooks are all intermediate goods D. Trees are intermediate goods, textbooks are final goods, and paper is both an intermediate and a final good
It stated that trees and paper are intermediate goods, while textbooks are only final goods. This statement is incorrect because textbooks are not final goods as they are consumed by consumers. They are not utilized in the production of any other goods and services so that it can be regarded as the final goods.
For instance, the consumption of milk is the final consumption as we don't use it for the production of any other goods.Now, move to option B, which says that trees are capital goods, paper is an intermediate good, while textbooks are final goods.
This statement is wrong because the trees are not capital goods but are considered natural resources and should be classified as intermediate goods. Capital goods are those goods that are produced to manufacture other goods and services.
Now, let's check option C, which states that trees, paper, and textbooks are all intermediate goods. This statement is entirely incorrect because the textbooks are final goods and are not intermediate goods.
It states that trees are intermediate goods, textbooks are final goods, and paper is both an intermediate and a final good. Paper can be an intermediate good in the production of textbooks, or it can be the final good if it's used by the customers.
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An interesting video showed a man trying to deposit a banana into his bank account. The teller politely told him that only items that last for long periods of time are money. Therefore, she could not accept the banana as a deposit. What function of money did the banana lack? It cannot be counterfeited It is not a measure of worth It is not a store of value It is not a medium of exchange Question 59 1 pts Modern US currency is light and easy to carry. Therefore, it is ... stable divisible durable portable How do banks create money? The mint new coins They charges fees for services They take in deposits and make loans They print new currency Question 61 1 pts During the great recession of 2007 to 2009 , the U.S. economy experienced the greatest economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Unemployment spiked at 25 percent and GDP declined 10 percent. Which action could the Federal Reserve Bank to end the recession? Raise the discount rate Increase the reserve requirements Print more money Buy government securities
The man who tried to deposit a banana in his bank account lacked the function of money, which is "store of value."
Money has several functions, including a medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value, and standard of deferred payment. It is accepted as a means of payment in exchange for goods or services in the first function. In the second function, the prices of products and services are expressed.
In the third function, it can be kept for future transactions as an item of value, and in the fourth function, it is utilized to repay obligations, such as loans, over an extended period of time.Banks generate money by taking in deposits and issuing loans. Deposits are kept by banks, and the money is utilized to give loans.
As a result, new money is created as banks take in deposits and create loans. Money in an economy is critical for its operation. It enables people to purchase goods and services while also allowing companies to grow. Money has various functions, including serving as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value, and a standard of deferred payment.The Federal Reserve Bank, which is the central bank of the United States, is responsible for overseeing the economy's monetary policy.
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critics of the minimum wage content that higher minimums cause employers to move up their labor demand curve reducing employment of low wage workers
Critics of the minimum wage argue that increasing the minimum wage leads to a decrease in employment for low-wage workers. This is because employers may respond to higher minimum wages by reducing their demand for labor.
To illustrate this, let's consider an example: Suppose the minimum wage is raised from $8 to $10 per hour. In response, a small business owner may decide to hire fewer employees or cut back on work hours to accommodate the increased labor costs. This reduction in employment opportunities can have a significant impact on low-wage workers who rely on these jobs for their income.
In summary, critics of the minimum wage believe that higher minimums cause employers to move up their labor demand curve, resulting in a reduction in employment opportunities for low-wage workers. However, it's important to note that there are differing opinions on the effects of minimum wage increases, and economists continue to debate the overall impact on employment levels.
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Blue Spruce Company is considering investing in a new dock that will cost $800,000. The company expects to use the dock for 5 years. after which it will be sold for $540,000. Blue 5 pruce anticipates annual cash flows of $350,000 resulting from the new dock. The company's borrowing rate is 8% while its cost of capital is 11% cuck here to view Py tables Calculate the net present value of the dock. (Use the above table) (Round factor values to 5 decimal plocet, es. 1.251.4 and finat answer to 0 decimal places, fs, 3,275 . Net present value $ Indicate whether Blue Spruce should make the investment. Bivespruce the project
The net present value (NPV) of the dock investment is $786,950. Since the NPV is positive, Blue Spruce should make the investment as it indicates that the project is expected to generate more value than the cost of capital.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the dock investment, we need to discount the cash flows and subtract the initial investment. The formula for NPV is:
NPV = -Initial Investment + (Cash Flow / (1 + Cost of Capital)^n)
Where: Initial Investment = $800,000
Cash Flow = $350,000
Cost of Capital = 11%
n = number of years
Using the provided information, the cash flow occurs annually for 5 years, and the dock will be sold at the end of the 5th year for $540,000.
Let's calculate the NPV:
NPV = -$800,000 + ($350,000 / (1 + 0.11)^1) + ($350,000 / (1 + 0.11)^2) + ($350,000 / (1 + 0.11)^3) + ($350,000 / (1 + 0.11)^4) + ($350,000 / (1 + 0.11)^5) + ($540,000 / (1 + 0.11)^5)
Using the provided table, the factor for the 11% discount rate for 1 year is 0.900. The factors for subsequent years are as follows: 0.811, 0.731, 0.658, 0.593, and 0.535.
Calculating the NPV:
NPV = -$800,000 + ($350,000 * 0.900) + ($350,000 * 0.811) + ($350,000 * 0.731) + ($350,000 * 0.658) + ($350,000 * 0.593) + ($540,000 * 0.535)
NPV = -$800,000 + $315,000 + $284,350 + $256,850 + $231,800 + $209,550 + $289,400
NPV = $786,950
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