Roseff (1982) found that a company's average dividends to net income ratio is negatively related to the anticipated future growth of its stock returns. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
What is the reason?Option A is correct as Roseff (1982) found that a company's average dividends to net income ratio is negatively related to the anticipated future growth of its stock returns.
This is mainly because companies with high growth prospects tend to reinvest most of their profits back into the business instead of paying dividends to shareholders.
This leads to a lower dividend payout ratio and, consequently, a lower dividends to net income ratio.
The other options, B, C, and D, are not supported by Roseff's findings.
Institutional ownership, ownership diversification, and systematic risk are not directly related to the average dividends to net income ratio.
Hence, option a. is correct.
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In the event of a bankruptcy, common shareholders have a claim on assets before debtholders. True False
The given statement "In the event of a bankruptcy, common shareholders have a claim on assets before debtholders." is False.
In case of bankruptcy, debtholders, who are also creditors, have the first right on the company's assets. This is because they have a legal agreement with the organization that guarantees their repayment. It means, the debtholders have a prior claim to the company's assets over shareholders. The remaining assets (if any) will be given to the common shareholders for distribution.
In a bankruptcy situation, common shareholders are at the bottom of the hierarchy when it comes to getting paid. They have the last right to the company's assets after every other creditor and debtholder are repaid.
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Beyond Contingent Workforce Management: Embracing an Agile Workforce
An agile workforce is defined not only by its unique, non-traditional organizational architecture but also by its specific make-up. The agile workforce is made up of knowledge workers." whether internal employees or external independents. Therefore, understanding the knowledge workforce both sheds light on the make-up of an agile workforce and helps explain why the agile workforce model has become compelling at this time.
Understanding that an agile workforce is, by definition, a knowledge workforce goes a long way in explaining what an agile workforce is and why the agile workforce model is becoming
increasingly relevant and compelling. For example, internal and external knowledge workers may be expensive, but they are essential to an organization's performance. While they arguably
contribute the highest per capita value to an organization (or at least have the potential to) the maximization of that value depends upon how that knowledge workforce is organized and
managed. The agile workforce model actually accomplishes this and transforms an organization's underutilized, organizationally suboptimized internal and external knowledge workforce into a efficient, flexible, high-impact agile workforce.
An agile workforce is not only a collection of specific kinds of workers or talent. It is also those workers organized under a unique innovative work architecture or workforce model that, unlike the contingent workforce supply chain model, integrates work execution with access to skills and expertise that may reside inside the organization or be found outside of it.
An agile workforce is an organizational model characterized by a non-traditional architecture, which is made up of knowledge workers, whether internal employees or external independents.
This means that an agile workforce model maximizes the value of knowledge workers and transforms the internal and external knowledge workforce of an organization into a flexible, efficient, high-impact workforce.
The agile workforce model is increasingly relevant and compelling because knowledge workers are expensive but essential to an organization's performance.
Although they potentially contribute the highest per capita value to an organization, the maximization of that value depends on how the knowledge workforce is organized and managed. Therefore, an agile workforce model is needed to organize and manage knowledge workers effectively.
In addition, the agile workforce model integrates work execution with access to skills and expertise that may reside inside the organization or be found outside of it, unlike the contingent workforce supply chain model.
This means that the agile workforce model is not only a collection of specific kinds of workers or talent, but also a unique innovative work architecture or workforce model that maximizes the value of knowledge workers.
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Following is information on two alternative investments being considered by Tiger Co. The company requires a 6% return from its investments 2 points Project x1 Project x2 (168,000) Initial investment Expected net cash flows in year: (104,000) 37,000 47,500 72,500 78,000 68,000 58,000 eBook Print Compute the internal rate of return for each of the projects using Excel functions. Based on internal rate of return, indicate whether each project is acceptable.
Project x1 is acceptable as its IRR exceeds the required return of 6%. On the other hand, Project x2 is not acceptable as its IRR falls below the required return.
The expected net cash flows for Project x1 are -$104,000, $37,000, $47,500, and $72,500 for years 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. For Project x2, the expected net cash flows are $78,000, $68,000, and $58,000 for years 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
By applying the IRR function in Excel, we can determine the rate of return for each project. If the calculated IRR is higher than the required 6% return, the project is considered acceptable. To calculate the internal rate of return for each project, we can use the "IRR" function in Excel.
In Excel, we enter the expected net cash flows as a series of values and use the initial investment as a negative value. For Project x1, the cash flows would be entered as -$168,000, $37,000, $47,500, $72,500, and $78,000. Using the IRR function, Excel calculates that the internal rate of return for Project x1 is approximately 8.63%.
Since this rate is higher than the required 6% return, Project x1 is considered acceptable. For Project x2, the cash flows would be entered as -$168,000, $78,000, $68,000, and $58,000. Using the IRR function in Excel, the internal rate of return for Project x2 is approximately 5.28%. Since this rate is lower than the required 6% return, Project x2 is not considered acceptable.
In conclusion, based on the calculated internal rates of return, Project x1 is acceptable as its IRR exceeds the required return of 6%. On the other hand, Project x2 is not acceptable as its IRR falls below the required return. The IRR calculation helps assess the attractiveness of each project by comparing the rate of return against the company's required return, allowing Tiger Co to make informed investment decisions.
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Project x1 is acceptable as its IRR exceeds the required return of 6%. On the other hand, Project x2 is not acceptable as its IRR falls below the required return.
The expected net cash flows for Project x1 are -$104,000, $37,000, $47,500, and $72,500 for years 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. For Project x2, the expected net cash flows are $78,000, $68,000, and $58,000 for years 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
By applying the IRR function in Excel, we can determine the rate of return for each project. If the calculated IRR is higher than the required 6% return, the project is considered acceptable. To calculate the internal rate of return for each project, we can use the "IRR" function in Excel.
In Excel, we enter the expected net cash flows as a series of values and use the initial investment as a negative value. For Project x1, the cash flows would be entered as -$168,000, $37,000, $47,500, $72,500, and $78,000. Using the IRR function, Excel calculates that the internal rate of return for Project x1 is approximately 8.63%.
Since this rate is higher than the required 6% return, Project x1 is considered acceptable. For Project x2, the cash flows would be entered as -$168,000, $78,000, $68,000, and $58,000. Using the IRR function in Excel, the internal rate of return for Project x2 is approximately 5.28%. Since this rate is lower than the required 6% return, Project x2 is not considered acceptable.
In conclusion, based on the calculated internal rates of return, Project x1 is acceptable as its IRR exceeds the required return of 6%. On the other hand, Project x2 is not acceptable as its IRR falls below the required return. The IRR calculation helps assess the attractiveness of each project by comparing the rate of return against the company's required return, allowing Tiger Co to make informed investment decisions.
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Westside Company purchased a plot of land 10 years ago for $1,000,000. Today, because of required hazardous waste cleanup costs, the land could be sold for only $250,000. Westside intends to sell the land within 12 months. Under GAAP, the land is listed on the firm's balance today at $100,000 $250,000 Both c and d $1,450,000 $775,000
Under GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), the land owned by Westside Company would be listed on the firm's balance sheet today at $250,000. The correct option is B.
GAAP requires assets to be reported on the balance sheet at their fair value. In this case, the fair value of the land is determined to be $250,000, considering the current market conditions and the required hazardous waste cleanup costs.
This valuation reflects the amount that Westside Company could reasonably expect to receive if they were to sell the land today.
The initial purchase price of $1,000,000 made 10 years ago is not relevant for the current valuation under GAAP. Accounting standards focus on the current market value and economic conditions to provide users of financial statements with relevant and reliable information.
Therefore, the land would be listed on the balance sheet at $250,000, representing its fair value in light of the required hazardous waste cleanup costs. Hence, option B is correct.
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Diversification is investing in a variety of assets with which one of the following as the primary goal?
A. increasing returns
B. minimizing taxes
C. reducing some risks
D. eliminating all risks
E. increasing the variance
Diversification is investing in a variety of assets with reducing some risks as the primary goal. Diversification is a risk management strategy in which one invests in a variety of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and commodities, among others.
The goal of diversification is to spread the risk associated with any individual investment across several investments to reduce the overall risk of one's investment portfolio. For instance, investing all of one's money in a single company's stock might be profitable, but it also exposes one to a greater risk of financial loss. The same can be said for bonds, mutual funds, and other investment instruments. A diversified portfolio that includes a combination of investments from different sectors, such as healthcare, finance, and technology, is less likely to experience the same level of risk as a portfolio that is heavily weighted toward a single sector. In conclusion, diversification is a crucial component of an investment strategy that aims to reduce risk and increase returns over time.
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canadian adventures has earnings per share of $2.86 and dividends per share of $1.80. the total equity of the firm is $750,000. there are 38,000 shares of stock outstanding. what is the sustainable rate of growth? group of answer choices
If canadian adventures has earnings per share of $2.86 and dividends per share of $1.80. The sustainable rate of growth for Canadian Adventures is 5.37%.
What is the Sustainable Rate of Growth?First we need to calculate the retention ratio
Retention Ratio = (EPS - DPS) / EPS
Retention Ratio = ($2.86 - $1.80) / $2.86
Retention Ratio = $1.06 / $2.86
Retention Ratio ≈ 0.370
Next we need to calculate the return on equity (ROE)
ROE = Net Income / Total Equity
ROE = (EPS * Number of shares outstanding) / Total Equity
ROE = ($2.86 * 38,000) / $750,000
ROE ≈ 0.145
Now we can calculate the sustainable rate of growth
Sustainable Rate of Growth = Retention Ratio * Return on Equity
Sustainable Rate of Growth = 0.370 * 0.145
Sustainable Rate of Growth ≈ 0.0537
Sustainable Rate of Growth ≈ 5.37%
Therefore, the sustainable rate of growth for Canadian Adventures is 5.37%.
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\begin{tabular}{|l|} \hline Question 22 \\ Not yet \\ answered \\ Marked out of \\ 1.00 \\ P Hog \\ question \end{tabular} If the nominal interest rate per year is 10 percent and the inflation rate is 4 percent, what is the exact real rate of Interest? Select one: a. 6 percent b. 14.0 percent c. 5.76 percent d. 10.0 percent
Nominal interest rate: The nominal interest rate is the actual rate charged by the creditor. It is also known as the rate of interest charged by the loan provider, before accounting for inflation.
does not take into account the inflation rate.Inflation rate:Inflation rate is defined as the rate at which the general price level of goods and services is increasing over time. Inflation decreases the purchasing power of a currency, and people will have to pay more for goods and services.
The real interest rate:Real interest rate is defined as the interest rate that has been adjusted for inflation. It is the rate at which the actual purchasing power of the investment increases. It is calculated as the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
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As an investor based in the UK, you are concerned about the effect that Brexit will have on your UK stock portfolio. How might you diversify your stock portfolio? Provide detailed examples in your discussion.
Brexit is a decision that has major economic implications. Its effects on the stock market are hard to predict and may cause turmoil in the UK and worldwide markets.
Investors in the UK may benefit from diversifying their stock portfolios in order to avoid losses or reduce their impact.
The following are some ways to diversify a stock portfolio as an investor based in the UK:
1. Investing in international markets:
By investing in international markets, investors can gain exposure to markets that are less affected by Brexit.
Investors may gain exposure to emerging markets in Asia or South America. Investors may also invest in developed countries such as the United States, Japan, or Canada.
2. Investing in low-risk assets: Investors can minimize the impact of Brexit by investing in low-risk assets such as bonds, treasury bills, and other debt securities.
These assets are less sensitive to market fluctuations and provide a steady income stream.
3. Diversifying the portfolio: Investors can diversify their portfolios by investing in different sectors and industries.
This is especially important in the event that Brexit affects certain sectors of the economy.
For example, if Brexit were to have a negative impact on the automotive industry, investors who have diversified their portfolios may benefit from investments in sectors such as healthcare, technology, or consumer goods.
4. Investing in defensive stocks: Investors can invest in defensive stocks such as utilities, healthcare, or consumer staples.
These stocks are less sensitive to market fluctuations and may provide steady returns even during times of market turmoil.
In summary, diversifying a stock portfolio may be an effective way to reduce the impact of Brexit.
This can be achieved by investing in international markets, low-risk assets, different sectors and industries, and defensive stocks.
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true or false: fudging numbers on performance records or producing substandard merchandise is acceptable if it keeps costs down.
Fudging numbers or producing substandard merchandise to cut costs is unethical and unacceptable. Transparency, integrity, and delivering quality products are crucial for business success and customer satisfaction.
False. Fudging numbers on performance records or producing substandard merchandise is not acceptable, regardless of the motive to keep costs down. Ethical business practices dictate that companies should uphold integrity, honesty, and quality in their operations. Falsifying performance records or delivering substandard products not only undermines trust with customers and stakeholders but also carries legal and reputational risks.
Maintaining accurate performance records is essential for transparency, accountability, and informed decision-making within an organization. It allows for proper assessment of business performance, identification of areas for improvement, and strategic planning. Similarly, producing high-quality merchandise is crucial for customer satisfaction, brand reputation, and long-term success. Cutting corners or compromising on quality may result in dissatisfied customers, negative reviews, and damage to the company's image.
Businesses should prioritize ethical conduct, which includes adhering to legal requirements, maintaining transparency, and delivering value to customers. Finding ways to control costs should involve legitimate strategies that align with ethical principles, such as process optimization, resource efficiency, and innovation, rather than resorting to unethical practices that compromise integrity and customer trust.
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8. When considering whether to accept an audit engagement, it is important for the auditor to carry out the following:
evaluate the integrity of management
assess the competence of the audit team
identify special circumstances
evaluate independence and the ability to use due care
1, 2, and 3 only
1, 2, and 3 only
1, 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, 3, and 42,3,and 4 only
2,3,and 4 only
1,3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3, and 4 are the appropriate responses. When choosing whether to accept an audit engagement, the auditor will take all of these actions into account. The auditor should take the following actions when deciding whether to accept an audit engagement:
1. Assess the management team's honesty, morals, and reputation in order to determine its level of integrity. It is crucial to confirm that management is firmly committed to accurate financial reporting. 2. Evaluate the audit team's competence: The auditor must determine whether the audit team has the abilities, expertise, and knowledge required to carry out the engagement successfully. As a result, the audit will be carried out with the necessary level of skill. 3. Identify any unusual circumstances: The auditor should take into account any distinctive or complicated characteristics of the engagement that might call for extra resources or knowledge. This takes into account elements like legal or regulatory obligations, issues unique to the industry or significant alterations to the business.4. Assess independence and the capacity to exercise appropriate care. Independence is essential for upholding impartiality and objectivity throughout the audit. The auditor is required to determine whether there are any conflicts of interest or limitations on their independence. The auditor should also make sure they have the tools, knowledge, and time needed to conduct the audit with due care. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are the appropriate responses. When choosing whether to accept an audit engagement, the auditor will take all of these actions into account.
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(20) Parci and Max both utility functions for goods A and B as U = 20A0.25B0.5 with marginal utilities MUA = 5A-0.75B0.5 and MUB = 10A0.25B-0.5. Prices are PA = $2 and PB = $1. Parci has income of $360 and Max has income $450.
Find the individual and total (market) quantities demanded for goods A and B.
Total supply of A is 140 units and B is 500 units. Draw the consumption and production combinations in a graph with an Edgeworth Box and Production Possibilities Frontier.
Explain (and show on your graph above) whether this economy is in a competitive equilibrium. If not, in which directions do you expect prices to change?
Explain the efficiency conditions that must be satisfied efficient allocation of resources in this economy.
Explain how the competitive equilibrium set of prices results in an efficient allocation of resources (efficiency conditions satisfied)
The red curve is the production possibility curve, which shows the possible combination of goods that can be produced from the economy's available resources. The black curve is the indifference curve, which shows the different combinations of goods that will give the same level of utility to an individual.
The point of intersection of the two curves represents the point of equilibrium. The production possibility frontier shows the tradeoff between the production of two goods in an economy that uses all its resources efficiently.
Allocative efficiency: The economy must produce the goods and services that are demanded by consumers at a price that is equal to the marginal cost of production. This condition is achieved where the marginal rate of substitution of each consumer is equal to the price ratio.3. Pareto efficiency: The economy must reach a Pareto-efficient allocation of resources, where no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off.
Explanation of how competitive equilibrium leads to an efficient allocation of resources: The competitive equilibrium set of prices results in an efficient allocation of resources because it ensures that the marginal rate of substitution of each consumer is equal to the price ratio. This means that the goods and services are produced at the lowest possible cost, and that the consumers are able to consume the goods and services that they value the most.
When the economy is in a competitive equilibrium, the production is efficient and the allocation is allocatively efficient, which is the most efficient use of resources.
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All of the following are informal reports EXCEPT(1 Point) informational report progress report business memo minutes of meeting 36. How many pages consist in a formal report for big projects?(1 Point) 5 to 200 or more 1 to 100 pages or more 10 to 150 pages of more 2 to 50 pages of more. 37. Based on the information below, which organizational pattern is being stated? "useful in showing time relationships, such as, five year profit figures or a series of events leading to a problem" (1 Point) compare/contrast chronological convention topic/function 38. If you are someone who has extensive amount of work experience and you are showing steady growth in your career then you would benefit by using which type of resume format? (1 Point) chronological resume functional resume combined resume none of the above
1. All of the following are informal reports EXCEPT Minutes of meeting. Minutes of Meeting are formal reports. The minutes of meeting are an official written record of a meeting.
The main purpose of the minutes of the meeting is to keep a record of the decisions and plans of the meeting and to inform others who were unable to attend the meeting. It includes all the details of the discussion and the decisions made.
2. How many pages consist in a formal report for big projects? 10 to 150 pages or more. The number of pages for a formal report for big projects is usually 10 to 150 pages or more. It includes all the details about the project such as the methodology, findings, conclusions, and recommendations. The length of the report depends on the nature and scope of the project. For instance, a research report may be longer than a report on the implementation of a new system in an organization.
3. Chronological organizational pattern is useful in showing time relationships, such as five-year profit figures or a series of events leading to a problem. This pattern is used when presenting information in a chronological order or when the sequence is important to the understanding of the topic.
4. If you are someone who has an extensive amount of work experience and you are showing steady growth in your career, then you would benefit from using the chronological resume format. The chronological resume format is the most common and widely used format. This format emphasizes your work experience and presents your employment history in reverse chronological order.
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Why do many advertisers believe that the multimillion-dollar
costs of advertising during the Super Bowl make good economic
sense?
Many advertisers believe that the multimillion-dollar costs of advertising during the Super Bowl make good economic sense. This is because the Super Bowl is one of the most-watched TV events globally, with a massive viewership. In the US alone, around 100 million people watch the Super Bowl every year.
This makes it an excellent opportunity for advertisers to promote their products to a massive audience. To many advertisers, the Super Bowl provides an ideal platform for them to showcase their products or services. In addition, the game is usually aired live on many TV networks globally, making it a perfect avenue for advertisers to reach out to their target audiences. Since it is a live event, advertisers can quickly adapt their ads to suit the mood and tone of the game, increasing the effectiveness of their marketing campaigns.
In addition, the Super Bowl is known for its high-quality commercials, with brands investing millions of dollars to create ads that are both entertaining and memorable. These ads are usually talked about for weeks after the game, making it an ideal opportunity for brands to establish themselves as thought leaders in their industry. To sum up, advertisers believe that the multimillion-dollar costs of advertising during the Super Bowl make good economic sense due to the massive viewership and the opportunity to promote their products to a massive audience.
Additionally, the high-quality commercials and the ability to create memorable ads make it an excellent opportunity for brands to establish themselves as thought leaders in their industry.
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Which of the following illustrates the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy? The sun rose after the rooster crowed, so the rooster crowing must have caused the sunrise Barbara likes chocolate, so all women must like chocolate Big Mining Company believes all of its costs are sunk costs Carol only buys cheese when it's on sale at a discount price
The post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy states that if one event occurs after another event, it must be caused by it.
Thus, the statement that illustrates the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy is "The sun rose after the rooster crowed, so the rooster crowing must have caused the sunrise."Post hoc ergo propter hoc is a type of causal fallacy, where one event is assumed to have caused another event just because it happened after it.
The fallacy is evident in the first statement, which implies that the sunrise is due to the rooster crowing.
Therefore, the statement illustrates the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy. Barbara likes chocolate, so all women must like chocolate, is an example of the fallacy of hasty generalization. The argument draws a conclusion about all women based on a single case. This is an invalid argument.
Big Mining Company believes all of its costs are sunk costs, is an example of a circular argument. The company is assuming that all costs are sunk costs without any supporting evidence. It is a flawed argument since it assumes what it is trying to prove.
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13. benjamin currently pays $1,080 for his annual car insurance premium. he is in the marines and will be deployed for the next 9 months. since his car will be used much less, there is less risk for the insurance company and it offers him a 66% discount for his annual premium while on deployment. what is the amount he must save each month while on deployment to be able to pay for the discounted premium? when benjamin returns, his premium will revert to the amount prior to deployment. what will his total premium for the year be?
Benjamin must save $40.80 each month while on deployment, and his total premium for the year will be $1,447.20.
To calculate the amount Benjamin must save each month while on deployment to pay for the discounted premium, we can follow these steps:
1. Calculate the discounted premium while on deployment:
Discounted premium = Original premium * (1 - Discount percentage)
Discounted premium = $1,080 * (1 - 0.66)
Discounted premium = $1,080 * 0.34
Discounted premium = $367.20
2. Calculate the number of months Benjamin will be on deployment:
Number of months = 9
3. Calculate the amount he must save each month while on deployment:
Savings per month = Discounted premium / Number of months
Savings per month = $367.20 / 9
Savings per month = $40.80 (rounded to the nearest cent)
When Benjamin returns, his premium will revert to the amount prior to deployment, which is $1,080.
To calculate his total premium for the year, we can add the premium while on deployment and the premium after returning:
Total premium = Discounted premium + Premium after returning
Total premium = $367.20 + $1,080
Total premium = $1,447.20
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In the highest unemployment period of Germany
and Ukraine, identify and discuss the types of
unemployment that contribute most significantly to the unemployment
rate in this period 2005-2021
Germany and Ukraine have experienced periods of high unemployment rates between 2005 and 2021. The following types of unemployment contributed significantly to the unemployment rate in these countries.
Frictional Unemployment: This type of unemployment occurs when people are between jobs. In Germany, frictional unemployment contributed to the highest unemployment rate. Workers may take some time to transition to their next job, particularly if they need to develop new skills or move to another region or country.
Similarly, young people who are just entering the job market may experience frictional unemployment as they seek the best employment opportunities for their skills. Structural Unemployment: This type of unemployment is caused by a mismatch between the skills that workers have and the skills that employers need.
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Edgehill, Inc. hopes to increase sales by reducing the selling price of its product by 7\%. The firm currently operates at a 43% gross profit margin which will change as the selling price changes. By what percent would unit sales have to increase after the price reduction in order for the firm's gross profit (in dollars) to remain unchanged? Show your answer in decimal format rounded up to four decimal places (i.e. show 12.34% as .1234). Your Answer:
To maintain unchanged gross profit after a 7% price reduction, unit sales would need to increase by approximately 12.28%.
To calculate the percentage increase in unit sales required for the firm's gross profit to remain unchanged after a 7% price reduction, we can use the following formula:
Percentage Increase in Unit Sales = (Percentage Price Reduction) / (1 - Gross Profit Margin)
In this case, the percentage price reduction is 7% (0.07) and the gross profit margin is 43% (0.43). Plugging these values into the formula:
Percentage Increase in Unit Sales = 0.07 / (1 - 0.43)
Percentage Increase in Unit Sales = 0.07 / 0.57
Percentage Increase in Unit Sales ≈ 0.1228
Rounded to four decimal places, the percentage increase in unit sales required for the firm's gross profit to remain unchanged after the price reduction is approximately 0.1228, which is equivalent to 12.28%.
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What are some of the barriers to entry that monopolies would use? Which do you think is the best barrier to use? Why? 2. Comparing a perfectly competitive firm and a monopoly what happens to the price and the quality of the goods?
A monopoly is a market with a single seller or producer. Monopolies create significant entry barriers to prevent competition from new entrants. Barriers to entry can be natural, technological, economic, or strategic. The following are some of the common barriers that monopolies use:Legal Barriers:
A legal barrier is one that is imposed by the law. For example, patents and copyrights provide an exclusive right to the owner of the invention or creation to produce and sell it in the market. Therefore, legal barriers protect intellectual property rights from infringement and create entry barriers. Natural Barriers: Natural barriers are those that arise due to the unique characteristics of a product or service.
For instance, a firm may have a monopoly on the production and sale of a mineral that is only available in a specific geographical area. Therefore, natural barriers arise due to a lack of resources or unique technology that is required to produce a product. Economies of Scale: Economies of scale refer to the cost advantages that a firm can achieve by producing large quantities of goods or services.
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: As a professional engineer, you are required to demonstrates application of knowledge and understanding of the impact of engineering activity on the society, economy, industrial and physical environment, cultural and address issues by analysis and evaluation to manage risk. [20]
As a professional engineer, it is crucial to apply knowledge and understanding of how engineering activities impact society, the economy, the industrial and physical environment, and cultural aspects. This includes analyzing and evaluating these impacts to effectively address issues and manage risks associated with engineering projects.
Professional engineers have a responsibility to assess the consequences of their engineering activities across various domains. They need to consider the societal impact by ensuring their projects align with public needs, safety, and well-being. Evaluating the economic implications involves conducting cost-benefit analyses and assessing the project's contribution to the economy.
Furthermore, engineers must address the industrial and physical environment by mitigating adverse effects on natural resources, minimizing pollution, and promoting sustainability. Cultural considerations involve respecting cultural heritage, diversity, and inclusivity in engineering designs and implementations.
Through analysis and evaluation, engineers identify potential risks associated with their projects and implement strategies to manage and mitigate those risks effectively. By demonstrating these competencies, professional engineers ensure that their work aligns with societal values, promotes sustainable development, and effectively manages risks.
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if unrealized inter-company profits in ending inventory exceed unrealized inter-company profits in beginning inventory, what will be the effect of the consolidation entries to eliminate unrealized inter-company inventory profits?
If the unrealized inter-company profits in ending inventory exceed those in beginning inventory, the consolidation entries will adjust the inventory values by decreasing the subsidiary's inventory and increasing the parent company's investment in the subsidiary.
The consolidation entries to eliminate unrealized inter-company inventory profits depend on whether the subsidiary's inventory was sold or still on hand at the end of the period. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. If the subsidiary's inventory was sold by the end of the period, the consolidation entries will not be affected. Unrealized inter-company profits in beginning inventory are already eliminated when the subsidiary's inventory is sold to an external party.
2. If the subsidiary's inventory is still on hand at the end of the period, and the unrealized inter-company profits in ending inventory exceed those in beginning inventory, the consolidation entries will adjust the inventory values. Here's the process:
a. Calculate the difference between the unrealized inter-company profits in ending inventory and beginning inventory.
b. Create an adjusting entry to decrease the subsidiary's inventory and increase the parent company's investment in the subsidiary.
c. Decrease the subsidiary's inventory by the calculated difference.
d. Increase the parent company's investment in the subsidiary by the same calculated difference.
e. This adjustment ensures that the inter-company profits are eliminated, resulting in more accurate consolidated financial statements.
In conclusion, if the unrealized inter-company profits in ending inventory exceed those in beginning inventory, the consolidation entries will adjust the inventory values by decreasing the subsidiary's inventory and increasing the parent company's investment in the subsidiary. This adjustment eliminates the unrealized inter-company inventory profits, leading to more accurate consolidated financial statements.
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Choose an oligopoly industry from your home country that creates a negative externality. (CASE STUDY)
The oligopoly industry I have chosen from my home country, which creates a negative externality is the telecommunication industry.
An oligopoly market is a type of market where a few companies dominate the market with their similar products. In the telecommunication industry, few companies provide services to millions of consumers.
The telecommunication industry has created a negative externality that has affected its consumers and society as a whole.
Telecommunication companies have been known to produce an excessive amount of electronic waste.
Millions of cellphones, computers, tablets and other devices that the company produces become outdated each year and are disposed of, which creates an environmental problem for society.
The disposal of these devices and their batteries affects the environment, leading to soil and water pollution.
Electronic waste also contains harmful chemicals that pose health risks to people and animals that come into contact with them.
Many telecommunication companies do not have an environmentally friendly waste management system, which further exacerbates the problem.
Furthermore, the oligopoly nature of the telecommunication industry leads to an increase in prices of telecommunication services.
Consumers have limited choices to choose from, and since a few companies dominate the market, these companies can fix their prices higher than they would be in a more competitive market.
This, in turn, affects the consumers' purchasing power and the country's economy as a whole.
The excessive production of electronic waste and the rise in prices of telecommunication services have posed problems that need urgent attention from the government and the industry itself.
There should be more regulations on waste management, and competition should be encouraged to create a more conducive environment for consumers and the economy.
In conclusion, the telecommunication industry in my home country, an oligopoly market, has created a negative externality that has impacted the environment, society, and the economy.
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price takers
firms that take or accept the market price and have no ability to influence that price are known as:
Price takers are firms that accept the market price and lack the power to influence that price. Market prices, in a perfect market, are determined by the interactions between supply and demand. Because perfect competition is a theoretical ideal rather than a practical one, most businesses are not price-takers.
A price taker is a business that is too small to have a significant impact on the marketplace and must accept the current market price regardless of what it is. Price takers are usually too small to influence the market and lack the power to set prices.
As a result, they must adapt to the current market price and create their goods and services with that price in mind. Because prices fluctuate, businesses are often price-takers in certain industries.
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Whispering Winds Corporation, a private entity reporting under ASPE, was incorporated on January 3, 2019. The corporation’s financial statements for its first year of operations were not examined by a public accountant. You have been engaged to audit the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, and your audit is almost complete. The corporation’s trial balance is as follows:
Cash $ 57,000 Accounts receivable 88,000 Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 1,700 Inventory 60,200 Machinery 81,000 Equipment 38,000 Accumulated depreciation 27,300 Intangible assets—patents 123,200 Leasehold improvements 34,300 Prepaid expenses 143000 Goodwill 30,000 Intangible assets—licensing agreement No. 1 55,500 Intangible assets—licensing agreement No. 2 56,000 Accounts payable 93,000 Unearned revenue 17,280 Common shares 300,000 Retained earnings, January 1, 2020 162,420 Sales 720,000 Cost of goods sold 474,000 Selling expenses 182,000 Interest expense 29,500 Total $1,321,700 $1,321,700 The following information is for accounts that may still need adjustment:
1. Patents for Whispering Winds’s manufacturing process were acquired on January 2, 2020, at a cost of $86,700. An additional $31,000 was spent in July 2020 and $5,500 in December 2020 to improve machinery covered by the patents and was charged to the Intangible Assets—Patents account. Depreciation on fixed assets was properly recorded for 2020 in accordance with Whispering Winds’s practice, which is to take a full year of depreciation for property on hand at June 30. No other depreciation or amortization was recorded. Whispering Winds uses the straight-line method for all amortization and amortizes its patents over their legal life, which was 17 years when the patent was granted. Accumulate all amortization expense in one income statement account. 2. At December 31, 2020, management determined that the undiscounted future net cash flows that are expected from the use of the patent would be $80,000, the value in use was $75,000, the resale value of the patent was approximately $55,000, and disposal costs would be $4,000. 3. On January 3, 2019, Whispering Winds purchased licensing agreement no. 1, which management believed had an unlimited useful life. Licences similar to this are frequently bought and sold. Whispering Winds could only clearly identify cash flows from agreement no. 1 for 15 years. After the 15 years, further cash flows are still possible, but are uncertain. The balance in the Licences account includes the agreement’s purchase price of $53,500 and expenses of $2,000 related to the acquisition. On January 1, 2020, Whispering Winds purchased licensing agreement no. 2, which has a life expectancy of five years. The balance in the Licences account includes its $53,000 purchase price and $8,000 in acquisition expenses, but it has been reduced by a credit of $5,000 for the advance collection of 2021 revenue from the agreement. In late December 2019, an explosion caused a permanent 60% reduction in the expected revenue-producing value of licensing agreement no. 1. In January 2021, a flood caused additional damage that rendered the agreement worthless. 4. The balance in the Goodwill account results from legal expenses of $30,000 that were incurred for Whispering Winds’s incorporation on January 3, 2019. Management assumes that the $30,000 cost will benefit the entire life of the organization, and believes that these costs should be amortized over a limited life of 30 years. No entry has been made yet. 5. The Leasehold Improvements account includes the following:
(i) There is a $14,000 cost of improvements that Whispering Winds made to premises that it leases as a tenant. The improvements were made in January 2019 and have a useful life of 12 years.
(ii) Movable assembly-line equipment costing $14,000 was installed in the leased premises in December 2020.
(iii) Real estate taxes of $6,300 were paid by Whispering Winds in 2020, but they should have been paid by the landlord under the terms of the lease agreement.
Whispering Winds paid its rent in full during 2020. A 10-year non-renewable lease was signed on January 3, 2019, for the leased building that Whispering Winds uses in manufacturing operations. No amortization or depreciation has been recorded on any amounts related to the lease or improvements. 6. Included in selling expenses are the following costs incurred to develop a new product. Whispering Winds hopes to establish the technical, financial, and commercial viability of this project in fiscal 2021. Salaries of two employees who spend approximately 50% of their time on research
and development initiatives (this amount represents their full salary) $100,000 Materials consumed 30,000
Complete the eight-column work sheet to adjust the accounts that require adjustment. Making a General Ledger Accounting: trial balance, adjustments, income statement, and SFP
The following actions must be completed in order to finish the eight-column worksheet and change the accounts that Whispering Winds Corporation needs to change:
1. Begin by examining the offered trial balance, which shows the account balances as of December 31, 2020. 2. Examine the supplied data for each account that may require adjustment, then make the appropriate changes. For instance, add the price of newly acquired patents and their enhancements to the Intangible Assets—Patents account. Based on the patents' legal life, determine and record the amortisation expense. Based on an evaluation of future net cash flows, value in use, resale value, and disposal costs, determine the impairment loss for the patents. The licencing accounts should be adjusted to reflect the short lifespan of licencing agreement no. 1 and the duration of the licencing agreement no. 2. Take into account any impairment loss brought on by the flood and explosion damage. Amortise the incorporation-related legal costs over a 30-year restricted life and record the associated entry. Spread out the price of moveable assembly-line equipment and leasehold improvements over the course of each item's useful life. Make adjustments to the selling costs to account for employee wages and materials used for R&D. 3. After incorporating the changes made in step 2, create the updated trial balance. 4. Create the income statement, statement of financial position (balance sheet), and any other necessary statements using the corrected trial balance. 5. Ensure that all computations are correct and that all essential accounts are properly categorised. 6. Examine and Check the financial accounts for consistency with the modifications made by doing a reconciliation 7. Display the final worksheet, which has eight columns and contains the income statement, statement of financial condition, adjustments, and trial balance. Note: Given the word limit, it is not possible to provide a thorough eight-column spreadsheet due to the complexity and minute details of the revisions. To complete the spreadsheet and make the necessary adjustments to the accounts for Whispering Winds Corporation, follow the steps provided.
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It is worthy to point out tha Nokia has been working extremely hard on sustainability strategy since 2017. What are the attributes of this strategy? Has the company achieved its goal?
The attributes of sustainability strategy that has made the company to achieved its goal are;
economic viability environmental protection social equity.What is sustainability strategy?In order to create long-term benefits for an organization and its employees while keeping an eye on resource conservation and protection, a sustainable business strategy takes economic, environmental, and social factos into account in all of its policies, practices, and procedures.
A prioritized list of actions makes up a sustainability or corporate responsibility strategy. It offers a shared structure for concentrating investment, enhancing performance, and involving both internal and external stakeholders.
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Which is the best performance measurement of a portfolio if the
portfolio makes up your entire investments?
Information ratio
Treynor measure
Sharpe measure
Jensen measure
The Sharpe Ratio serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the efficiency of a portfolio and assists investors in understanding the amount of return achieved per unit of risk assumed.
The Sharpe Ratio is a widely used performance measurement for assessing portfolios when they represent the entirety of an investor's investments. It calculates the ratio of portfolio returns over the risk-free rate divided by the portfolio's standard deviation. This ratio provides insights into the additional return earned per unit of risk undertaken by the investor.
The Sharpe Ratio evaluates the excess return of a portfolio relative to the risk-free rate, considering the level of risk involved. Its calculation involves dividing the portfolio's excess return by the standard deviation of its returns. In mathematical terms, the Sharpe Ratio is expressed as:
Sharpe Ratio = (Rp - Rf) / σp
Here, Rp represents the expected portfolio return, Rf denotes the risk-free rate, and σp symbolizes the standard deviation of the portfolio's return.
By utilizing the Sharpe Ratio, investors can effectively analyze the risk-return tradeoff of their portfolio. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates that the portfolio has generated superior returns for the level of risk taken. On the other hand, a lower Sharpe Ratio suggests that the portfolio has generated comparatively lower returns in relation to the risk undertaken. Overall, the Sharpe Ratio serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the efficiency of a portfolio and assists investors in understanding the amount of return achieved per unit of risk assumed.
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Forwards & Arbitrage Opportunities
Suppose that the exchange rate between the US dollar and the Euro is Edollar/euro 1.1, and that you = expect it to be around 1.3 in 6 months from now. Suppose also that you have 10,000 dollars and that the forward rate of dollars per euro is Fdollar/euro = 1.2. Describe in detail the arbitrage strategy that you would engage in and calculate the profits you would obtain from it.
Arbitrage is the simultaneous purchase and sale of an asset to profit from the difference in price between two markets. The concept of forward rate arbitrage involves the difference between the spot and forward rate of two currencies. To take advantage of this arbitrage opportunity, traders would typically follow these steps:
First, convert the 10,000 dollars to Euros at the current spot rate:
10,000 USD * 1.1 (spot rate) = 11,000 Euros
Then, enter into a forward contract to sell Euros and buy dollars in 6 months time at the forward rate:
11,000 Euros / 1.2 (forward rate) = 9,166.67 USD
Now, we need to calculate how much profit we make by holding this forward contract. If the exchange rate moves as expected to 1.3 in 6 months, the profit would be:
11,000 Euros * (1.3 - 1.1) = 2,200 Euros
Converting this back to USD at the forward rate, we get:
2,200 Euros / 1.2 (forward rate) = 1,833.33 USD
Therefore, the total profit is:
1,833.33 - 9,166.67 = $7,333.33
By engaging in this arbitrage strategy, the trader would earn $7,333.33 in profit. This is a low-risk strategy because the trader has locked in a known profit by purchasing the Euros at the current spot rate and selling them forward at the known forward rate. However, in practice, the opportunity for forward rate arbitrage may not exist due to factors such as transaction costs, interest rates, and liquidity constraints.
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aron, brown and claire formed a partnership business. their capital balances are: aron $100,000, brown $60,000 and claire $40,000, and the p/l ratios are: aron 20%, brown 50% and claire 30%. daniel wants to join the business with 20% interest for a total payment of $60,000. daniel paid the money directly to the partners. record the admission of daniel following the book value approach.
The adjusted capital balances after Daniel's admission following the book value approach are:
Aron: $130,480
Brown: $116,200
Claire: $67,720
Daniel: $52,400
How to calculate the valueAron's new capital balance: $100,000 + $20,000 (20% of $100,000) = $120,000
Brown's new capital balance: $60,000 + $30,000 (50% of $60,000) = $90,000
Claire's new capital balance: $40,000 + $12,000 (30% of $40,000) = $52,000
Total adjusted capital = $120,000 + $90,000 + $52,000 = $262,000
Daniel's capital contribution = Total adjusted capital * Daniel's interest
Daniel's capital contribution = $262,000 * 20% = $52,400
Aron's allocated capital = $120,000 + ($52,400 * 20%) = $120,000 + $10,480 = $130,480
Brown's allocated capital = $90,000 + ($52,400 * 50%) = $90,000 + $26,200 = $116,200
Claire's allocated capital = $52,000 + ($52,400 * 30%) = $52,000 + $15,720 = $67,720
Daniel's capital balance = Daniel's capital contribution
Daniel's capital balance = $52,400
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Expanding a company's operations into foreign markets can be considered almost routine in today's modern world. This pattern will almost certainly continue for some time into the foreseeable future due to communication and information technology developments. Most domestic organizations will look outside their current geographic location when considering expansion. This typically entails investigating potential openings in various international markets. For various reasons, it is commonly held that managing and running a domestic business is more straightforward than engaging in international trade. The reasons for this belief are numerous. In general, the laws that govern international business and investment vary from nation to nation, as do business ethics and culture, political systems, monetary policies, and currencies, among other aspects of national governance. These are potential factors that could combine to make conducting business overseas more challenging and, as a result, riskier than running a business at home. When discussing the differences between domestic and international business, it makes sense to talk about the challenges that come up when conducting business on a global scalechallenges that are not customarily encountered or do not present themselves to the same degree as they do when running a company in the same country. You have decided that you would like to expand your business into the international market. In preparation for this endeavor, you are interested in learning more about the prerequisites that must be satisfied before you can enter the international market. Discuss, explain and analyze the requirements to start a global and international business. The presentation should include the following: - Introduction to your existing business > In which country would you like to extend your business and why What are the requirements to start an international business in that particular country? > Challenges and issues How to overcome the challenges and issues > Suggestions and Recommendations > Conclusion - You are required to prepare a GROUP PRESENTATION (Group of 4) based on the above. - Your presentation must be creative and innovative and have a minimum of TEN (10) slides and
Introduction to the existing businessOur existing business is a boutique fashion store named Fashionista located in Sydney, Australia. It sells high-end fashion brands for women, men, and kids. The business has been operating for three years and has achieved great success in the local market.
The company aims to extend its business in New York, one of the fashion capitals of the world. New York is a hub for luxury fashion and home to several high-end boutiques. Besides, New York is considered the largest fashion capital in the United States. The city has a high population and has more than 8 million residents.
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Security A and security B both provide semi anual payment of 89 over 5Year. the annual rate of return for both securities is 6.5%. both securities will provide the smae number of payments, but the payments for Security A occur atthe beginning of the month and the payment for Security B occur at the end of the month. What is the difference in the present value of these two sets of payment?
12.86 18.96 15.86 25.98 24.36
Your employer contributes 50 a week to your retirement plan. Assume that you work for your employer for another sixteen years and that the applicable discount rate is 6.5 %,compounded weekly. Givn these assumptions, what is this employee benefit worth to you today?
24135.99
25852.63
24218.04
25920.55
21574.68
Both securities are essentially similar, except for the timing of payments. In general, the sooner the payment is received, the more valuable it is, so the present value of Security A payments will be higher than Security B payments.
in order to find the difference in present value of these two sets of payments, we must subtract the present value of Security B payments from the present value of Security A payments.
The present value of employee benefit given that your employer contributes $50 a week for another 16 years and the applicable discount rate is 6.5%, compounded weekly is as follows:
PV = payment amount x present value factorn the employee benefit is worth $30,231.54 today.
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Given UNF's incredible growth and success, other regional universities have begun turning to animal mascots for guidance in response to their own problems. This is an example of what type of change?
A. Proactive change
B. Natural change
C. Reactive change
D. Animal-based change
The given situation that regional universities have begun turning to animal mascots for guidance in response to their own problems is an example of what type of change, can be classified as Proactive change.
More than 100 words explanation:
Proactive change is a deliberate attempt made by organizations to anticipate possible future changes and act in advance to them before they occur.
A company can initiate this kind of change to ensure its long-term survival by identifying market trends and responding to them.
An excellent example of proactive change is a company that regularly upgrades its facilities to keep up with market trends and customer demands.
Proactive change occurs when a company attempts to anticipate future events and initiates change in advance.
It is a far-sighted approach that aims to provide a company with a competitive advantage by responding to market trends before they become apparent.
Proactive change requires careful planning and a willingness to take risks, but it can pay off in the long run.
Regional universities have begun turning to animal mascots for guidance in response to their own problems.
This decision is an excellent example of proactive change.
They recognized that UNF's approach to using an animal mascot for guidance had helped to boost the university's growth and success,
so they made a conscious decision to adopt a similar strategy to help them achieve their objectives.
In conclusion, the example provided in the question is an excellent illustration of proactive change.
By anticipating future changes and acting in advance,
regional universities can gain a competitive advantage and ensure their long-term success.
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