Bonding electron pairs tend to reject one another more than single electron pairs do. As a result, a loan pair will make the bond angle between bonding pairs smaller. Because a double bond has a higher electron density than a single bond, it has a comparable result.
When referring to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared by another atom in a covalent connection, a lone pair is also referred to as an unshared pair or a non-bonding pair. The outerm0st electron shell of an atom is where lone pairs are discovered. With the use of a Lewis structure, they can be located. As a result, when two electrons are coupled but aren't utilized in chemical bonding, they are referred to as lone pairs. The total number of valence electrons surrounding an atom is therefore equal to the sum of the number of lone pair electrons and the number of bond electrons.
In the VSEPR theory, which describes how molecules take on their various forms, the idea of a lone pair is used. Additionally, Lewis' chemistry makes reference to them.
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If 60 g of a radioactive substance naturally decays to 15 g after 16 hours, what is the half-life of the radioisotope?.
The half-life of the radioisotope is 8 hours.
What do you mean by half-life?
Half-life, in radioactivity, is the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay (change spontaneously into other nuclear species by emitting particles and energy), or, equivalently, the time interval required for the number of disintegrations per second of a radioactive.
How do you calculate half-life decay?
The time required for half of the original population of radioactive atoms to decay is called the half-life. The relationship between the half-life, T1/2, and the decay constant is given by T1/2 = 0.693/λ.
The half-life of the radioisotope is 8 hours.
Half life=total life/2
Half life=16/2
Half life=8 hours
Thus, the half-life of the given radioisotope is 8 hours.
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a 47.2-ml sample of naoh is titrated with 0.624 m hbr. 27.4 ml of the acid are required to reach the equivalence point. what is the molarity of the base?
The molarity of the base would be 0.36 M.
What is Molarity?
The number of moles of dissolved solute per litre of solution is the definition of molarity, a unit of concentration. Molarity is defined as the number of millimoles per millilitre of solution by dividing the number of moles and the volume by 1000. A precise 1.000 mole of KCl (74.55 g) must be dissolved in a quantity of water or another solvent to produce a precise 1.000 litre of solution in order to create a 1.000 M solution of KCl.
In actuality, this concentration unit is frequently abused. Since KCl is totally dissociated, the solution, for instance, with water as the solvent, is exactly 1.000 M in K+ and 1.000 M in Cl.
Recall that: mole = molarity x volume
Also; molarity = mole/volume
Mole of 0.624 M, 27.4 mL HBr = 0.624 x 27.4/1000
= 0.017 mol
If the mole of HBr is 0.017 mol, the equivalent mole of NaOH will also be 0.017 mol.
0.017 mol of 47.2 mL (0.0472 L) NaOH would molarity of:
0.017/0.0472 = 0.36 M
In other words, the molarity of the NaOH is 0.36 M.
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Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the decomposition of 1 mol calcite to carbon dioxide gas and solid calcium oxide at 25°c.
The standard reaction entropy is 160.6 J/mol*K for the breakdown of 1 mol of calcite to carbon dioxide and white precipitate oxide at 25 °C.
What does the word "reaction" mean in chemistry?
One or more substances—known as reactants—are transformed into one or more other substances—known as products—in a chemical reaction. Substances are made up of chemical components or chemical elements.
What sort of reaction?
The five basic types of chemical processes are synthesis, breakdown, one, double replacement, and combustion. By analyzing the reactants and products, you can assign a reaction to one of these categories. Some reactions will fall into more than one category.
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how does the number of atoms in a 27.5-gram manganese ring compare to the number in a chromium ring of the same mass?
The number of atoms will be more for chromium ring than for mangnese ring.
A mole is 6.022*10^23 atoms/molecules. The SI unit for the amount of substance is a mole and it is represented by “mol”.
The mass of manganese ring is 27.5 grams.
Molar mass of manganese is 54.9 gram/mol.
n=m/M
n=27.5/54.9
n=0.500 mol
The number of atoms of manganese ring can be calculated as follows:
Number of atoms= 6.022*10^23 * 0.500=3.01*10^23 atoms.
The mass of chromium ring is 27.5 grams.
Molar mass of chromium is 51.9 gram/mol.
n=m/M
n=27.5/51.9
n=0.529 mol
The number of atoms of manganese ring can be calculated as follows:
Number of atoms= 6.022*10^23 * 0.529=3.19*10^23 atoms.
Therefore, the number of atoms will be more for chromium ring than for mangnese ring.
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green plants use light from the sun to drive photosynthesis, a chemical reaction in which liquid water and carbon dioxide gas form aqueous glucose and oxygen gas. calculate the moles of carbon dioxide needed to produce 0.075 mol of glucose. be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to significant digits.
0.45 moles of carbon dioxide are needed to produce 0.075 mol of glucose.
6CO2 + 6H2O ===> C6H12O6 + 6O2 ... balanced equation
0.075mol glucose x 6 mol CO2/1 mol glucose = 0.45 moles CO2 needed (2 large figures).
At some stage in photosynthesis, vegetation absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) and water(H2O) from the air and soil. In the plant cellular, the water is oxidized, which means it loses electrons, even as the carbon dioxide is decreased, which means it gains electrons.
Photosynthesis converts radiant or suns electricity into chemical energy. The productivity of agricultural crops without delay depends upon the rate of photosynthesis. It presents oxygen in the environment for all living organisms.
Photosynthesis is a natural system by using which trees and flowers use energy from the sun and carbon dioxide from the air to make the food they want to live and develop.
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HELP PLEASE!! BRAINLIEST TO BEST ANSWER!
2. Here is a chemical equation:
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
• Balance this chemical equation.
• State what type of chemical reaction this is.
• What will accompany the products as a result of this
reaction?
• Discuss how your balanced chemical equation agrees
with the law of conservation of mass.
Answer:
HERE:
Explanation:
The balance equation is what it is already: CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
The type of chemical reaction is combustion reaction.
Light and energy will accompany the product as a result of this reaction.
The law of conservation of mass makes sure the masses of the
molecules are same on both sides of the equation. Therefore, the mass of each element on both sides must be equal.
Hope that helps, I tried bai and Goodluck in school! <3
how many milliliters of 0.112 m na2co3 will completely react with 27.2 ml of 0.135 m hno3 according to the reaction
Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) reacts with water to create nitric acid. 3 NO2 + H 2O 2 HNO 3 + NO is the overall reaction. The nitric oxide that results from the reaction is typically reoxidized by the oxygen in the air to yield more nitrogen dioxide.
Nitrate salts are created when it reacts with hydroxides, metals, and oxides. Strong oxidizing agents like HNO3 are employed. It can be produced by catalytically oxidizing ammonia. It is a typical reagent used in labs and a crucial chemical used in the production of explosives and fertilizers in the industrial sector.
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the arrhenius definition of a base is: group of answer choices a proton acceptor. produces h in solution. produces oh- in solution. a proton donor. all of the above.
The Arrhenius definition of a base is produced oh- in solution. It would act as a proton accepter.
What is the Arrhenius of an acid?
An Arrhenius acid is a compound that ionizes to produce hydrogen ions (H +) in aquatic solution. Acids are aquatic compounds with ionizable hydrogen atoms. Only hydrogen particles that are part of a large polar covalent bond are ionizable.
The Arrhenius definition of a base is produces oh- in solution. It would act as a proton accepter.
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If the column of water in the water barometer rose to a height of 34 feet, what would the atmospheric pressure be in mm hg?.
The atmospheric pressure of water in a water column which rises to a height of 34 feet in barometer is
What is atmospheric pressure and how to calculate it?The pressure in the Earth's atmosphere is referred to as atmospheric pressure, sometimes known as barometric pressure. It is defined as force applied by an atmospheric column per unit of area.
To calculate the atmospheric pressure for the given problem, we must convert the height of the water column to mmHg from the available information in order to establish the atmospheric pressure at which the water barometer increased.
Our understanding of the standard rate conversion's dimensions leads us to believe that-
1 feet = 12 inches
1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 mmHg = 13.6 mm of water
Therefore, for 34 feet of height in barometer, we can calculate as-
[tex]34 feet[/tex] × [tex]\frac{12 inch of water}{1 feet water}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{25.4 mm of water}{1 inch of water}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{1 mmHg}{13.6 mm of water}[/tex]
= 762 mmHg
Thus, the atmospheric pressure of the water calculated is 762 mmHg.
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for the reaction that occurs for when the precipitate forms. write a balanced, net-ionic equation for the reaction, and explain why the reaction is best represented by a net-ionic equation
A net ionic equation must be balanced on both sides. In most cases, net ionic equations are the only way to model precipitation reactions.
What is ionic equation?
Ionic equations are chemical formulas in which the electrolytes in aqueous solution are stated as dissociated ions, in contrast to molecular equations, which express compounds as molecules.
What is precipitate ?
A solid produced when a solution changes, frequently as a result of a chemical reaction or temperature shift that makes a solid less soluble.
The only reaction depicted in the net ionic equation is precipitation. Not only in terms of the atoms of the constituent elements, but also in terms of the electric charge, a net ionic equation must be balanced on both sides. In most cases, net ionic equations are the only way to model precipitation reactions.
Therefore, a net ionic equation must be balanced on both sides. In most cases, net ionic equations are the only way to model precipitation reactions.
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what simple rule works quite often for predicting the number of bonds a nonmetal wants to form in order to satisfy the octet rule?
For the bond formation rule to be met, the octet rule, which calls for 8 electrons in the outermost shell, must be present.
What is octet rule?
According to the "octet rule," an atom is the most stable when it has a complete valence (outer) shell (typically 8 electrons, but hydrogen and helium only have two). As a result, the atoms involved in covalent (nonmetal to nonmetal) bonding often have eight valence electrons following the bond.
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combustion analysis aof a hydrocarbon produced 33.01 g of carbon dioxide and 27.10 g of water. determine the empiracal formula and write a balanced chemical equation foer the combustion of this hydrocarbon
The empirical formula is CH₄ and write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of this hydrocarbon is :
CH₄ + 2O₂ -----> CO₂ + 2H₂O
given that :
mass of carbon dioxide = 33.01 g
mass of water = 27.10 g
The combustion reaction is given as :
CnHn + O₂ -----> CO₂ + H₂O
No. of moles of CO₂ = mass / molar mass
= 33.01 / 44.01
= 0.750 mol
number of moles of C = 0.750 mol
no. of moles of H₂O = mass / molar mass
= 27.10 / 18
= 1.50 mol
number of moles of H = 2 × 1.50
= 3
dividing the moles by the lowest one
C = 0.750 / 0.750 = 1
H = 3 / 0.7500 = 4
Thus, the empirical formula for the given compound = CH₄.
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Explain how water can wear down the earth's surface at scales that are large and small in size or short and long in duration.
Water can wear down the earth's surface at scales that are large and small in size or short and long in duration by carrying away bits of soil and sand and slowly wash away the sediment.
What is Weathering?Weathering is referred to as the breaking or wearing down of rocks as a result of certain factors such as rain, glacier etc. They also form cracks in the rocks after which disintegration sets in after a while.
Water as an important factor has the ability to wear down the earth's surface at scales that are large and small in size or short and long in duration which is known as erosion. It involves carrying away bits of soil and sand and slowly washing away the sediment which are therefore the ways in which it occurs and is the correct choice.
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which cyber protection condition establishes?
Cyber protection condition establishes CPCON 2 (High: Critical and Essential Functions)
CPCON 1 (Very High: Critical Functions)
CPCON 3 (Medium: Critical, Essenti.al, and Supp0rt Functions)
CPCON 4 (Low: All Functions)
CPCON 5 (Very Low: All Functions)
Protecting your systems, apps, and networks from cyberattacks is known as cybersecurity. The following are only a few examples of cybersecurity types:
Using methods like remote access management and two-factor authentication, network security protects internal networks from illegal access (2FA)
Application security guards against theft and unauthorized use of data and code in mission-critical software, both in use and in development. Examples of this include penetration testing and encryption.
User education: educating staff members and clients on the best practices to follow when avoiding cyberattacks such malware and phishing scams
The difference between cybersecurity and cyber protection is how they handle data. Data protection is not the main emphasis of cybersecurity; rather, it is the protection of the systems that enable data access, storage, transmission, and authentication. Bypassed or rendered inoperable by unidentified threats,
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A wave has a frequency of 53Hz and a wavelength
of 4 meters. What is it's wasvespeed?
Answer:
[tex] \huge{\boxed{212 \: \text{m/s}}} [/tex]
Explanation:
The speed of the wave given it's frequency and wavelength can be found by using the formula;
[tex] \bold{v = f \times \lambda}[/tex]
where f is the frequency in Hz and [tex] \lambda [/tex] is the wavelength in m
From the question
f = 53 Hz
[tex] \lambda [/tex] = 4 m
[tex] \large{v = 53 \times 4 = 212}[/tex]
We have the final answer as
212 m/swhat is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 outer atoms and 1 lone pair on the central atom?
This molecule has been bent. The shape of angular molecules, also known as bent or V-shaped molecules, is non-linear.
Take water (H2O), for instance, which has an angle of roughly 105°.
Two double bond units and one lone pair make up the structure, which will take the form of a trigonal planar arrangement. SO2 is referred to be bent or V-shaped because the lone pair is ignored when describing the shape.
Therefore, if two electron pairs are paired but are not utilised in chemical bonding, they are referred to as lone pairs. As a result, the amount of valence electrons surrounding an atom is equal to the sum of the electrons in lone pairs and those in bonds.
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A lab assistant wants to prepare 0.2 mol dm-³ of potassium chloride solution. What is the volume of distilled water needed to dissolve 2.98 g of potassium chloride? [Molar mass of potassium chloride = 74.5 g mol-¹]
Answer:
Explanation:
Molarity given = 0.2 mol dm ^ -3
wieght of potassium chloride = 2.98g
molar mass of potassium cloride = 74.5
let us assume vol. of water needed= x
molarity = weight * 1000 / molar mass * volume
0.2 = 2.98 * 1000 / 74.5 * x
0.2 = 2980 / 74.5x
74.5x = 2980 / 0.2
74.5 x = 14900
x = 200
hence, volume required is 200 ml
a solid has a mp of 133-137 oc. what can one conclude about the sample? the sample is one of four possible compounds the
A solid sample has a MP of 133 - 137°C. one can conclude about the sample is It is relatively impure.
the temperature at which a compound completely melts is called as melting point but generally we don't observe a melting point rather a range is observed if range more than 20 C is observed generally it's said that it's impure an impure solid melts over a wide range and at a temperature lower than that of the pure solid. so since the last value 139 0 C must be the reported value when you must have seen it completely melting so it's melting point should be this only .
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solid calcium carbonate is obtained by the reaction of solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas .write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
The balanced equation in a reaction involving the Combination reaction of solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas into solid calcium carbonate would be:
[tex]CaO(s)+Co_{2}(g) -- > CaCo_{3}(s)[/tex]
Equation of reactions contains ;
-Solid calcium carbonate goes by the chemical formula : CaCO3 (s)
-Solid calcium oxide goes by the chemical formula: CaO (s)
-Carbon dioxide gas goes by the formula: CO2 (g)
Putting everything together in a single reaction and balancing out the number of atoms on each side of the equation will give;
[tex]CaO(s)+Co_{2}(g) -- > CaCo_{3}(s)[/tex]
What is combination reaction ?
A combination reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single new substance. Combination reactions can also be called synthesis reactions. The general form of a combination reaction is: A+B→AB. One combination reaction is two elements combining to form a compound.
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As bond number increases (double bonds rather than single, triple rather than double etc. ), bond length and bond energy.
As bond number increases (double bonds rather than single, triple rather than double etc. ), bond length decreases and bond energy increases
Reason-Charges that are spaced apart are described by a dipole moment. There are two critical criteria that must be taken into account when assessing if a molecule has a dipole moment. It must first possess polar covalent bonds. The individual dipoles must not cancel out in the molecular structure, which is the second requirement. Because Br2 is not a polar molecule, it lacks a polar covalent bond.A bond number is a simple addition of two numbers that total the sum. Using number bonds, one can quickly determine the answer without performing any calculations. We can see from the example that when we see a number bond, we know the answer without having to calculate.
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If 60 g of a radioactive substance naturally decays to 15 g after 16 hours, what is the half-life of the radioisotope?.
If 60 g of a radioactive source voluntarily declines to 15 g within 16 hours, the radioisotope's half-life is 8 hours.
What are radioisotopes and how are they measured for radioactivity?The quantity of protons with in atomic nuclei of component atoms of the same chemical is the same, but the neutron count varies. The radioactive materials of an element are called radioisotopes. They can alternatively be described as atoms with excess electricity in their nucleus or unstable neutron-proton combinations. Actual radiation levels are reported using the Contributes to the ongoing (Bq), the global unit, or the Cobalt (Ci), official machine in the U. S.. Alternative photodiode varieties may be used instead of gamma counters, which are widely used to measure environmental parameters.
Briefing:Half life = total life/2
Half life = 16/2
Half life = 8 hours
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what is the relationship between the products formed from (z)-3-methylhex-3-ene and those formed from (e)-3-methylhex-3-ene?
The products formed from (z)-3-methylhex-3-ene and (e)-3-methylhex-3-ene in hydroboration oxidation are the same; the only difference is that the stereochemistry of the products will be different.
The (z)-3-methylhex-3-ene will produce a product with the hydrogens on opposite sides, while the (e)-3-methylhex-3-ene will produce a product with the hydrogens on the same side. They are diastereomers.
The hydroboration oxidation reaction involves the addition of a borane (BH₃) and an oxidant (usually H₂O₂) to an alkene. The borane adds to the alkene double bond to create a new carbon-boron bond, and the oxidant adds oxygen to the boron, forming a boroxine and releasing a proton.
The product of this reaction is alcohol. Since both (z)-3-methylhex-3-ene and (e)-3-methylhex-3-ene are the same alkene, the reaction mechanism and products are the same; the only difference is the stereochemistry.
The (z)-3-methylhex-3-ene will produce a product with the hydrogens on opposite sides, while the (e)-3-methylhex-3-ene will produce a product with the hydrogens on the same side.
In summary, the products formed from (z)-3-methylhex-3-ene and (e)-3-methylhex-3-ene in hydroboration oxidation are the same, but the stereochemistry of the products is different.
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enough of a monoprotic acid is dissolved in water to produce a 1.55 m solution. the ph of the resulting solution is 2.70 . calculate the ka for the acid.
The ka for the monoprotic acid which produces a 1.55m solution is 5.37 × 10⁻⁴.
An acid that may donate simplest one proton is known as monoprotic acid, while polyprotic acid can donate multiple proton. In addition, a monoprotic base can be most effective to accept one proton, while a polyprotic base can take delivery of more than one proton.
The key difference among diprotic and monoprotic acid is that monoprotic acids are able to donate one hydrogen atom or proton to their aqueous solution, while diprotic acids are able to donate hydrogen atoms or protons to their aqueous solutions.
Calculation
The value of dissociation constant of acid is given as,
Ka = (0.00295)(0.00295)/0.0162)
Ka = 5.37 × 10⁻⁴
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if the equilibrium constant of a given reaction is 2.54, what is the equilibrium constant of its reverse reaction?
The reciprocal of the forward reaction's Keq,
Keq = 1/2.54
Keq = 0.394 for the reverse reaction, is the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction.
The forward reaction rate constant divided by the reverse reaction rate constant gives the equilibrium constant.
What does K equating to 1 at equilibrium mean?
The concentration of the reactants is high at equilibrium if Keq is a small number (Keq1). In this instance, the reaction is in favour of reactants forming. Keq 1 indicates that there are considerable amounts of both reactants and products at equilibrium.
R's value is dependent on the units used, however it is typically expressed in S.I. units.
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draw the structure of the tetrahedral intermediate initially formed in the reaction shown. 2ch3ch2nh2
What is Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution?
A reaction known as nucleophilic acyl substitution occurs when a nucleophile forms a new bond with an acyl group's carbonyl carbon while simultaneously breaking the bond between the carbonyl carbon and a leaving group.
In two phases, (1) addition and (2) elimination, a nucleophilic acyl substitution takes place.
A nucleophile attaches to the carbonyl center during the addition step to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
A group that was joined to the carbonyl center of the molecule departs in the second step.
The nucleophilic addition of an amine molecule to one of the two carbonyl sites in the provided cyclic anhydride results in the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate.
The tetrahedral intermediate's structure is depicted below:
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n each reaction box, place the best reagent and conditions from the list.
You are currently in a labeling module. Turn off browse mode or quick nav, Tab to items, Space or Enter to pick up, Tab to move, Space or Enter to drop.
Answer Bank
NH3NaBH4, CH3CH2OH
PBr3, pyridine
NaNH2Br2, FeBr3CH3NH2H2SO4Mg, Et2OZn(Hg), HClCH3CNCH3MgBrNaCN
H2, Pt
In each reaction box, place the best reagent and conditions from the list.
You are currently in a labeling module. Turn off browse mode or quick nav, Tab to items, Space or Enter to pick up, Tab to move, Space or Enter to drop.
Answer Bank
CH3CNCH3NH2NaBH4, CH3CH2OH
PBr3, pyridine
CH3MgBrNaNH2Mg, Et2OH2SO4H2, PtNH3NaCNZn(Hg), HCl
Br2, FeBr3
Three stages are required to transform benzaldehyde into 2-phenyl acetonitrile.
A benzene ring with a formyl substituent makes up the chemical molecule known as benzoaldehyde. It is both the most readily used industrially and the most straightforward aromatic aldehyde. A benzene ring with a formyl substituent makes up the chemical molecule known as benzoaldehyde (C6H5CHO). It is both the most readily used industrially and the most straightforward aromatic aldehyde. It is a clear liquid with a distinct almond-like scent.
In addition to batteries, acetonitrile is used to create perfumes, rubber goods, insecticides, acrylic nail removers, and medications. Fatty acids are also extracted from both vegetable and animal oils using this method. Employees should receive safe handling and storage instructions prior to working with acetonitrile.
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Nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. What is the half-life of polonium-218 if a sample decays from 55. 4 g to 31. 7 g in 2. 50 minutes?.
If a sample degrades between 55. 4 g through 31. 7 g within 2. 50 minutes, its half-life is 3.09 minutes.
What makes anything nuclear?Locating its causative factors. The term "nuclear family" relates to the a family's fundamental members, often its children and their parents. Nuclear has meanings that mean "kernel" or perhaps more simply "something fundamental," therefore nuclear has a longstanding experience for figurative application before its primary relationship with "nuclear energy."
Briefing:Nuclear decay follows first order kinetics, therefore for first order kinetics
t = 2.303/λ log (N₀)/Nt
We also know,
t1/2= 0.693/λ
λ = 0.693/t1/2
Put in above expression,
t = 2.303/0.693/t1/2 log (N₀)/Nt
t = 2.303/0.693 * t1/2 log (N₀)/Nt
t1/2 = 0.693*t/2.303*log(N₀)/Nt
t1/2 = 0.693*2.50/2.303*log((55.4)/31.7))
t1/2 = 1.73/2.303*0.242
t1/2 = 1.73/0.557
t1/2 = 3.10 minutes
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What are two changes of state that are endothermic?
Answer:
fusion, vaporization, sublimation
A car engine fueled by gasoline uses which kind of energy?
OA. Electric
OB. Nuclear
O C. Potential
OD. Chemical
Answer:
A.electric
Explanation:
electric is very useful in ingines
Answer: A.
Explanation:
Which of these statements best describes the cause of this expansion?
A. Conductuion of heat from the mantle is expanding the crustal plates that hold the Alantic ocean
B. Convection within the mantle is bringing magma up to the crust in the middlw of the Atlantic Ocean,building new sea floor
C. As the crustal plates that hold the mainland of North America and Europe get older, they sink, causing the Atlanic Ocean to spread
D. At the mid-Atlantic Ridge, the crustal plates hold North America and Eurioe are colliding together, causing volcanic activivty and earthquakes
*I HAVE 6 DAYS UNTIL THIS IS DUE*
Answer:
B. Convection within the mantle is bringing magma up to the crust in the middlw of the Atlantic Ocean,building new sea floor. Do you have mrs cogliati?
Explanation:
i have it 4 mrs.cogliati