Transcribing RNA into a protein involves RNA polymerase II. whereas eukaryotes have a variety of RNA polymerase species.
RNA polymerase II, also known as RNAP II or Pol II, is a multiprotein complex that converts DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), the majority of small nuclear RNA (snRNA), and microRNA precursors. It is one of the three RNAP enzymes that can be found in eukaryotic cells' nuclei. The most researched form of RNA polymerase is RNAP II, a 550 kDa complex with 12 subunits. For it to bind to upstream gene promoters and start transcription, a variety of transcription factors are needed. In eukaryotic genomes, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and a large number of noncoding RNAs. Though Pol II is complicated.
Learn more about RNA polymerase II here
https://brainly.com/question/24182628
#SPJ4
Cell division is the process of taking a parent cell and splitting it into 2 new genetically identical daughter cells. All organisms go through the process of cell division. What do bacteria use cell division for and how?.
Bacteria divide their cells through a process called bacterial binary fission. Learn the binary fission process, including how to duplicate bacteria.
What is the procedure for dividing a cell into two called?A vital process for life is mitosis. A cell divides into two identical daughter cells after duplicating all of its components, including its chromosomes.
Why and how do bacteria use cell division.
However, in the case of a bacterium, cell division serves purposes other than simply producing more cells for the organism. Instead, it is how bacteria multiply, or increase the number of bacteria in a population. While binary fission and mitosis share some characteristics, they also diverge from each other in some significant ways.
To know more about bacteria visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/8008968
#SPJ4
over the pedigree you constructed in part a.based on the inheritance pattern, which mode of inheritance must be the cause of galactosemia?
Galactosemia is the cause of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
A series of genetic diseases known as galactosemia, or "galactose in the blood," affect how well the body can utilise and make energy from the sugar galactose. Undigested sugars accumulate in the blood when galactose-containing foods or beverages are consumed by people who have galactosemia.
All dairy products (milk and anything produced from milk), several infant formulae, some fruits and vegetables, and many other meals contain galactose. The lack of any one of three enzymes, which can result from genetic alterations in several genes, can impede the body's capacity to metabolise galactose.
Different types and degrees of symptoms are caused by genetic variations in the three genes. All forms of galactosemia are autosomal recessive in inheritance.
To know more about Galactosemia here
https://brainly.com/question/13774006
#SPJ4
home-canned low-acid foods, such as beans and corn, may be contaminated with clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces a dangerous toxin. to destroy the toxin, the food should be
In order to destroy the toxin of the bacteria in the home-canned food, it should be boiled for 10 minutes before tasting or eating (option D).
What is sterilisation?Sterilisation is the process of treating something to kill or inactivate microorganisms, usually by heating. Sterilisation could also be a procedure to permanently prevent an organism from reproducing.
Sterilization is different from processes such as; disinfection, sanitization and pasteurization, in that those methods reduce rather than eliminate all forms of life and biological agents present.
According to this question, home-canned low-acid foods, such as beans and corn, may be contaminated with a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum, which produces a dangerous toxin.
This toxin is injurious to health of food consumers, hence, needs to be removed. To do this, the food needs to be heated to a certain temperature before consumption.
Therefore, boiling the food for 10 minutes before tasting or eating is a way to remove the toxins in the food.
The options to the incomplete question is as follows:
A. frozen for 2 days and then thawed in the refrigerator before eating
B. heated in a microwave oven for 5 minutes
C. chilled for at least 24 hours before serving
D. boiled for 10 minutes before tasting or eating
Learn more about sterilisation at: https://brainly.com/question/23902542
#SPJ1
Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for ________ and ________ of the fetus so that it can be tested for abnormalities.
The fetus can be screened for abnormalities using karyotyping and biochemical analysis using amniocentesis and chorionic villus sample.
What data can we glean from CVS and amniocentesis?In at-risk fetuses, these tests can detect genetic illnesses such cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and sickle cell disease. The main benefit of CVS over amniocentesis is that it is done considerably earlier in pregnancy—at 10 to 13 weeks as opposed to 15 to 20 weeks—thus saving more time for the mother.
What can a couple learn about their growing fetus from amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling?Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are prenatal diagnostic techniques used to identify certain fetal genetic disorders. The likelihood of miscarriage rises with both procedures.
To know more about Amniocentesis visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/28110610
#SPJ4
Besides protecting vital organs, what are two other functions of the bones of the skeletal system?
A) making blood cells and storing calcium
B) making cartilage and red blood cells
C) making cartilage and storing calcium
D) making blood cells and storing potassium
Answer:
A) making blood cells and storing calcium
Explanation:
it is correct. i did the quiz 100%
Answer:
I hope this helps.
Explanation:
Kate thought it was interesting that, after the release of a mature oocyte from the ovary, the follicle it was released from took on a new role. What happens to the follicle? select all that apply.
In a female, several main oocytes begin to mature at the start of the menstrual cycle. Each of the oocyte is surrounded by granular cells that are actively dividing and provide it with nourishment forming a ball like mass structure. This structure is known as a follicle.
The follicle changes following ovulation, quizlet.A burst follicle collapses after ovulation, and the antrum filled with clotted blood. The corpus luteum is formed by the enlargement of internal thecal cells and remaining granulosa cells. Progesterone and some estrogen are secreted by the corpus luteum.
The follicle from which a mature egg is discharged from the ovary adapts to a new function and forms the Corpus luteum.
After releasing the primary oocyte that develops into the egg, the ruptured mature follicle transforms into a Corpus Luteum. The progesterone hormone is secreted by means of this structure.
This hormone aids in maintaining the initial stages of pregnancy if fertilization and embryo implantation take place. When there is not a pregnancy, the corpus luteum shrinks.
To know more about follicle visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/8920734
#SPJ4
What kind of life will be given to those who acknowledge Jesus as Lord and Savior?
Answer:
And so when we talk about accepting Jesus, that means that we are being saved from being trapped in sin, which results in eternal punishment. And it's that faith in Jesus that saves us by his grace. He died and rose again just to pay the price for our sins.
when the pancreas does not produce any insulin or is resistant to insulin the disorder is called
Type 2 diabetes caused When the pancreas does not produce any insulin or is resistant to insulin
When blood glucose levels are elevated but not high enough to be classified as diabetes, prediabetes results. Those who already have some insulin resistance are more likely to develop prediabetes. Type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent form of the disease, can develop from prediabetes. T2D is characterized by excessive blood glucose levels brought on by insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or insulin resistance by the body.
Learn more about insulin here
brainly.com/question/28209571
#SPJ4
A relatively small area with numerous endemic species and a large number of endangered or threatened species is called a _________.
A relatively small area with numerous endemic species and a large number of endangered or threatened species is called a endemic species
36 regions where successful species conservation can have a significant impact on global biodiversity conservation.Areas with high concentrations of endemic species (species found nowhere else on Earth) and high habitat loss are often referred to as 'hotspots' in the area and are therefore naturally found in that location. Thus, endemic species are species that inhabit limited areas such as mountains, lakes, and islands. Habitat loss is a major cause of high extinction rates. Other causes include habitat change, overexploitation of wildlife for commercial purposes, introduction of harmful alien species, pollution and the spread of disease.
To know more about habitat loss visit:
https://brainly.com/question/17538753?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
pleace is science is today
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Celebrated every 10 November, World Science Day for Peace and Development highlights the significant role of science in society and the need to engage the wider public in debates on emerging scientific issues. It also underlines the importance and relevance of science in our daily lives.
Genetic modification makes pest-resistant corn, but genetically modified corn may be unhealthy. what type of sentence is this?
Although genetic engineering creates pest-resistant corn, it might also be unhealthy. This sentence is compound.
Why are some individuals concerned that consuming genetically modified food could be dangerous?Always less nourishment is present in plants whose DNA has been altered. Reduced genetic variety affects both plants and animals as a result of genetic alteration. Long-term research is insufficient to substantiate the safety of this food.
What constitutes a compound complicated sentence, specifically?A compound-complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses and at least two independent clauses. Despite preferring romantic movies, Mitchell rented the most recent spy thriller and thoroughly enjoyed it.
To know more about Genetic modification visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/16733706
#SPJ4
Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.
Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the d)hypothalamus. So, correct option is d.
The hypothalamus is a piece of the mind that contains various little cores with different capabilities. One of the main capabilities is to connect the sensory system to the endocrine framework through the pituitary organ. The nerve center is situated beneath the thalamus and is essential for the limbic system.[1] In the wording of neuroanatomy, it frames the ventral piece of the diencephalon. All vertebrate cerebrums contain a hypothalamus.[2] In people, it is the size of an almond.
The hypothalamus. is answerable for managing specific metabolic cycles and different exercises of the autonomic sensory system. It combines and secretes specific neurohormones, called delivering chemicals or hypothalamic chemicals, and these thus invigorate or repress the emission of chemicals from the pituitary organ. The nerve center controls internal heat level, hunger, significant parts of nurturing and maternal connection ways of behaving, thirst, weariness, rest, and circadian rhythms
Hence, correct option is d.
To know more about hypothalamus, visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/9113672
#SPJ4
(Complete question) is:
Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.
a. lateral geniculate of the thalamus.
b. inferior colliculus.
c. lateral horn of the spinal cord.
d. hypothalamus.
which division of the ans can function independently without being stimulated by the central nervous system?
Vital body processes like blood pressure and respiration rate are under the direction of the autonomic nervous system. This method operates automatically without requiring any thought from the user (autonomously).
What area of the nervous system functions continuously and on its own?Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands are all continuously and spontaneously innervated without any conscious effort.
What tasks are carried out by the parasympathetic portion of the ANS?Your sympathetic nervous system is balanced by the parasympathetic branch of your autonomic nervous system. Your body's "fight or flight" and "rest and digest" responses are each under the control of different sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, respectively.
To know more about nervous system visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29355295
#SPJ4
living organisms use energy from the metabolism of food to create an energy-rich molecule called adenosine triphosphate (atp). the atp acts as an energy source for a variety of reactions that the living organism must carry out to survive. atp provides energy through its hydrolysis, which can be symbolized as follows:
Answer:
yeaa
Explanation:
nonoonno
what is the phenotypic ratio results from a cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a heterozygous individual
The phenotypic ratio from crossing monohybrid between a homozygous recessive individual and a heterozygous individual is 1 : 1.
The recessive homozygous gene is the result of the fusion of two recessive genes from the two sex cells. The symbol for a recessive homozygous gene is two lowercase letters aa or aabb.
Heterozygous is a gene that has a pair of different alleles, so one is dominant and the other is recessive, so it is written with a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, such as Aa or AaBb.
Crossing between a homozygous recessive (aa) individual and a heterozygous individual (Aa):
a a
A Aa Aa
a aa aa
Genotype ratio → Aa : aa = 1 : 1
Phenotype ratio → 1 : 1
Learn more about homozygous recessive at https://brainly.com/question/3676361
#SPJ4
the produced by the sustentacular cells independently stops fsh secretion without reducing testosterone secretion
Sustentacular cells are nurse cells that play a crucial role in the production of sperm in men. These are big, closely packed cells that may be seen near the seminiferous tubules on the basolateral side.
While the Leydig cells manufacture and release testosterone in response to the luteinizing hormone.
nhibin. Inhibits the secretion of FSH from the pituitary gland's anterior lobe; in the absence of FSH, the sustentacular cells cannot sustain spermatogenesis.
These "nurse cells" are critical in nurturing and providing structural support for sperm cells throughout development. As they develop, around 30-50 spermatogenic cells are buried in the recesses of each Sertoli cell and move from the base into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
Learn more about to Sustentacular visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/14289527
#SPJ4
what does a community contain that a population does not
Answer:
A community and a population have very different organisms, and I beilive a population has more people, while a community is more of what people have same common interest
Explanation:
hope this helps, sorry if i didnt answer your question
what cellular macromolecules make up the complement pathway? what cellular macromolecules make up the complement pathway? carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins
The complement pathway is composed of large macromolecules of cellular proteins. Protein synthesis Proteins are created from amino acids with the aid of genetic information.
The specific amino acid sequence of each protein is determined by the nucleotide sequence of the gene that codes for that protein. Proteins are enormous molecules made up of the building blocks known as amino acids. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphate are all elements found in proteins. One or more twisted and folded strands of amino acids combine to form protein macromolecules, which are substantial, complicated entities. A protein or nucleic acid is an example of a macromolecule, which is a very large macromolecules crucial to biophysical processes. It consists of thousands of atoms that are covalently linked. Many macromolecules are made up of smaller molecules known as monomers in polymer form.
Learn more about proteins here
https://brainly.com/question/17095120
#SPJ4
Cell division is the process of taking a parent cell and splitting it into 2 new genetically identical daughter cells. All organisms go through the process of cell division. What do bacteria use cell division for and how?.
Cell division in a bacterium, however, provides purposes beyond just adding to the organism's cell count. Instead, it pertains to how bacteria proliferate, or how many there are overall.
What happens during cell division, and why is it significant?The process of making new cells for the body, known as mitosis, is usually meant when the term "cell division" is used. Meiosis, a cell division process, is what creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is an essential biological mechanism.
How are bacteria's cells divided?When the membrane and peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the envelope layers penetrate to form a septum that splits the cell into two compartments, cell division occurs in bacteria. After that It hydrolyzes the septal PG.
To know more about cell division visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/13312481
#SPJ4
if a scientist recorded the size, birth rate, and age structure of an owl population over the last 20 years, he is most likely a(n): please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices botanist. evolutionary biologist. embryologist. demographer. mathematician.
If a scientist recorded the size, birth rate, and age structure of an owl population over the last 20 years, he is most likely e)demographer. So, correct option is e.
Demographer work is to study the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics. There are sure abilities that numerous demographers have to achieve their obligations.
By researching resumes, we had the choice to restrict the most generally perceived capacities for a person here. We found that a great deal of resumes recorded actual endurance, relational abilities and insightful abilities. On the off chance that you're keen on turning into a demographer, perhaps the earliest thing to consider is how much instruction you want.
53.8% of demographers have a four year college education. As far as advanced education levels, we viewed that as 19.2% of demographers have graduate degrees. Despite the fact that most demographers have a professional education, becoming one with just a secondary school degree or GED is conceivable.
Hence, correct option is e.
To know more about Demographer, visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/13146758
#SPJ4
(Complete question) is:
If a scientist recorded the size, birth rate, and age structure of an owl population over the last 20 years, he is most likely a(n): please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices
a)botanist.
b)evolutionary
c)biologist.
d)embryologist
e)demographer
f)mathematician.
what enzyme could seal a nick in one strand of a double-stranded dna molecule by creating a sugar-phosphate bond between the adjacent, unjoined nucleotides?
By forming a sugar-phosphate bond between adjacent, unjoined nucleotides, the DNA Ligase enzyme could seal a nick in one strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
DNA ligase is a particular type of enzyme, a ligase, (EC 6.5. 1.1) that promotes the touching of DNA filaments together by catalyzing the establishment of a phosphodiester bond. DNA ligases play an essential part in claiming genomic completeness by touching breaks in the phosphodiester foundation of DNA that happen all the while copy and recombination, in addition to DNA damage and allure repair.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer calm of two polynucleotide chains that coil about each other to form a double loop. The polymer gives hereditary commands for the incident, functioning, tumor, and duplication of all popular animals and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are deoxyribonucleic acids.
To know more about DNA Ligase refer to: https://brainly.com/question/7641730
#SPJ4
sodium is pumped into the medulla from the thick segment of the loop of henle. if the concentrations of the fluid and medulla are equal, what mechanism would produce the movement of sodium into the medulla?
The mechanism that would move the sodium into the medulla is an active transport mechanism across the membrane.
Active transport is the term that describes the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. It requires cellular energy in the form of ATP to be done.
One case of active transport in the human body is the sodium-potassium pump. It's a mechanism in the form of an enzyme that maintains osmotic equilibrium in cells. One place where it's found is in the kidney around the medulla and the loop of Henle. When the concentration of the fluid and medulla are equal, sodium-potassium transport work to maintain the proper concentration of K+ and Na+ ions inside and outside of the cells.
Learn more about active transport at https://brainly.com/question/25802833
#SPJ4
which of the following statements about macrophages is false? choose one:a. macrophages present microbial peptide antigens on major histocompatibility complexes.b. macrophages are phagocytic.c. macrophages are involved only in innate immunity.d. macrophages differentiate only from monocytes.
The statement about macrophages that is false is that they are only involved in innate immunity. The correct answer s option(c).
Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that encloses and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and provokes the action of added invulnerable method cells. Macrophages play an important part in privilege and immune answers. They acquire a protective role shown by their talent to carry on the phagocytosis of groupies and bacteria.
Innate immunity is the explanation whole with that you were innate. It protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity involves obstacles that hold harmful matters from introducing your material. These barriers form the first line of explanation in the invulnerable response.
To know more about macrophages refer to: https://brainly.com/question/815350
#SPJ4
what did elie and the other prisoners from his cattle car see when they arrived in birkenau that confirmed mrs. schacter's screams?
who believed her, attempted to console her, beat her, and finally gagged her elie and the other prisoners from his cattle car see when they arrived in birkenau that confirmed mrs. schacter's scream
schacter's scream was responded to by the other passengers in the car who believed her, attempted to console her, beat her, and finally gagged her.They observed the flames rising into the pitch-black sky from the tall chimney. The new Jews' failure to save themselves by making an early getaway infuriated the prisoners when they saw them arriving at the camp.
To free up space in the train car, the inmates are content to dispose of the deceased. Eliezer saves his father from being thrown out just in time by continuously beating him, despite the fact that he appears to be dead. They continue travelling.
Learn more about schacter's scream by using this link:
https://brainly.com/question/8062191
#SPJ4
which of the following terms refers to the process through which a drug can increase the enzymes produced by the liver? a. neural amplification b. metabolic termination c. psychotropic induction d. enzyme induction
Enzyme induction is the process through which a drug can increase the enzymes produced by the liver.
What is enzyme induction?
An enzyme inducer is a type of medication that boosts an enzyme's metabolic activity by either activating the enzyme directly by binding to it or by boosting the expression of the gene responsible for the enzyme. In contrast to an enzyme repressor, it. Following exposure of the organism to chemical agents or physiological conditions, it is a rise in the production of catalytically active enzymes.
Hence the answer is d. enzyme induction.
To learn more about enzyme induction follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/29651523
#SPJ4
elomerase binds to the overhang at the end of a chromosome. once bound, and using its template as a guide, it begins catalyzing the of deoxyribonucleotides to the overhang in the blank direction, lengthening the overhang. this creates a single strand of dna that is then used as a template on which primase, polymerase, and ligase add deoxyribonucleotides to the lagging strand in the blank direction, restoring the lagging
By producing telomerase, an enzyme that lengthens chromosome telomeres, some cells can stop the shrinking of their telomeres.
An enzyme that can create DNA using RNA as a template is called an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, or telomerase. A cellular enzyme that lengthens telomeres with DNA to keep cells alive (the ends of chromosomes).
The telomeres become shorter and lose a small quantity of DNA with each cell division. The chromosomes deteriorate over time, and the cells eventually perish. Telomerase aids in preventing this from occurring. Compared to most normal cells, cancer cells typically have more telomerase.
Learn more about telomerase to visit here;
https://brainly.com/question/13444414
#SPJ4
the human embryo is able to split at the 64-cell stage to produce two viable progeny. this is an indication that human development at this stage is group of answer choices mosaic. determinative. definitive. regulative
Regulation is the response that allows a 64-cell stage human embryo to divide and produce two viable offspring.
64-cell stage Since the amputation exiting the 6th cycle is performed horizontally, the placement of the blastomere in the animal's polar view may resemble his 32-cell stage, but the cells entering the 7th cycle are Smaller. Seen from the side, the cell mound looks quite high. The term morula represents the next stages of embryonic development (16, 32, and 64 cells). The morula is therefore the product of the first cell division and does not actually grow as the daughter cells are getting smaller and smaller. Morula is like a hard ball.
To know more about cell division visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14300640?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
What would be the consequence of ectopically expressing hoxd10 throughout the developing mouse limb bud?.
The Hox gene network plays numerous roles in the development of vertebrate limbs. One of its primary purposes is to encode positional data, creating a "Hox" code for the arrangement of the structures along the long axis of the limb.
The Hox genes are key players in the series of interactions that allow morphologically distinct regions to develop in segmented animals. In fact, one of the earliest triggers that cause the segment to develop into a part of the head is the activation of a Hox gene from the 3' end.
Learn more about Hox gene,
https://brainly.com/question/14223665
#SPJ4,
Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes? a. transcription and translation occur simultaneously b. post-transcriptional splicing c. translation in the absence of a ribosome d. gene splicingTerma. transcription and translation occur simultaneously
Which scenario will most likely result in a change to the nitrogen cycle that negatively affects plant growth?.
Scientists have revealed that humans are disrupting the nitrogen cycle by altering the amount of nitrogen stored in the biosphere.
The primary reason is the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases nitric oxides into the atmosphere, where they combine with other components to form smog and acid rain.
A considerable amount of research suggests that humans are to responsible for disruptions and changes in local and global water cycles. Damming rivers for hydroelectricity, using water for farming, deforestation, and the use of fossil fuels may all have an impact on the water cycle.
Plant and animal waste decomposes and fertilizes the soil. Soil microorganisms convert these forms of nitrogen into nitrogen that plants can use.
Learn more about to plant growth visit here;
brainly.com/question/9323511
#SPJ4