In deciding a transfer pricing method, the management should be advised on negotiated transfer pricing and market-based transfer pricing.
It's an important decision to make as transfer pricing can affect a firm's financial results significantly. By reviewing each method, management can select the most efficient and effective transfer pricing method. Negotiated transfer pricing method The negotiated transfer pricing method is an agreement between the seller and the buyer of goods or services. In other words, two parties agree on a transfer pricing arrangement that they believe is reasonable and justifiable. Market-based transfer pricing method The market-based transfer pricing method is based on the arm's length principle, which is the notion that parties should conduct transactions as if they were unrelated. This approach implies that transactions are carried out as if they were between independent companies rather than between affiliates of the same organization. Advantage and disadvantage of the market-based transfer pricing method The following are the advantages and disadvantages of the market-based transfer pricing method:Advantages:It's rational to use this method because it considers the external market price for goods and services. As a result, there is no scope for distortion in the transfer price, and the market-based transfer pricing method ensures that the product is priced correctly.Disadvantages:The market-based transfer pricing method requires access to external data, which may not always be feasible. When data isn't available, it's difficult to execute this method, which may have an impact on decision-making.
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Negotiated transfer pricing come to a mutual agreement regarding the price of the transfer of goods and services, market-based transfer pricing uses market price data for identical or similar goods and services.
Negotiated transfer pricing can be beneficial when parties that are related to one another can come to a mutual agreement regarding the transfer price of goods and services between themselves. This type of transfer pricing may be beneficial since both parties are aware of each other's requirements and constraints, and as a result, can come to a mutually beneficial arrangement that can help to improve the general efficiency of the transfer of goods and services.
Market-based transfer pricing can be useful in situations where there is no related party involved in the transfer of goods and services, and as a result, there is no negotiation possible. In this case, market-based transfer pricing can be beneficial since it uses market price data for identical or similar goods and services, which can help to ensure that the transfer pricing is fair and equitable for both parties involved.
The management should consider both negotiated transfer pricing and market-based transfer pricing when deciding on the transfer pricing method. Negotiated transfer pricing can be beneficial when parties that are related to one another can come to a mutual agreement, while market-based transfer pricing can be useful in situations where there is no related party involved. One advantage of market-based transfer pricing is that it uses market price data to ensure that the transfer pricing is fair, while one disadvantage is that it may not take into account the unique circumstances of the parties involved.
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Solving quality-related problems in the organisation is as much about applying the tools and techniques
as it is about the right frame of thinking. Working from an organisational problem preamble, produce
a critical evaluation of how the following thinking typologies can and will be applied in the problem-solving Drocess.
c. Systems Thinking
d.Creative Thinking
e. Lateral Thinking
f. Parallel Thinking
Solving quality-related problems in the organization involves applying the right tools and techniques and developing the right frame of thinking. The following thinking typologies can and will be applied in the problem-solving process as follows: Option C Systems Thinking is correct.
It requires a deep understanding of how the organization works and how the different systems within the organization are interconnected. This approach is used to analyze and improve the organization's systems, processes, and structures by considering the organization as a whole. Systems thinking is used in quality management to identify and resolve issues in the system, processes, or structures that might be contributing to the quality problem.
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According to the law of diminishing marginal utility: a. marginal utility falls with the extra consumption of a good.
b. a consumer inevitably reaches a point where he or she decreasingly values additional units of a good. c. utility is easily measured by dollar values. d. a consumer inevitably reaches a point where the additional satisfaction from consuming each additional unit of a good rises.
According to the law of diminishing marginal utility: b. a consumer inevitably reaches a point where he or she decreasingly values additional units of a good.
According to the economic principle known as the law of declining marginal utility, as a consumer consumes more units of a specific good, the additional satisfaction or utility they obtain from each subsequent unit declines. Simply said, it indicates that the more of a particular good you consume, the less value or enjoyment you get from each extra unit.
Let's use eating ice cream as an example to better grasp this idea. Let's say you start with your first scoop of ice cream since you genuinely enjoy eating it. You get a great deal of happiness and enjoyment after the first scoop. The satisfaction you feel as you consume additional scoops—let's say the second and third scoops—remains, but it is not as strong as it was after the first scoop.The satisfaction or benefit you derive from each incremental scoop decreases as you take more and more scoops. When you eventually start to feel full, each more scoop may start to offer little to no further satisfaction.
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Cullumber Company has two production departments: Cutting and Assembly. July 1 inventories are Raw Materials $3,528, Work in Process-Cutting $2,436, Work in Process-Assembly $8,904, and Finished Goods $26,040. During July, the following transactions occurred. 1. Purchased $52,500 of raw materials on account. 2. Incurred $50,400 of factory labor. (Credit Wages Payable.) 3. Incurred $58,800 of manufacturing overhead: $33,600 was paid and the remainder is unpaid. 4. Requisitioned materials for Cutting $13,188 and Assembly $7,476. 5. Used factory labor for Cutting $27.720 and Assembly $22,680. 6, Applied overhead at the rate of $18 per machine hour. Machine hours were Cutting 1,412 and Assembly 1.444. 7. Transferred goods costing $56,784 from the Cutting Department to the Assembly Department. 8. . Completed and transferred goods costing $113,316 from Assembly to Finished Goods Inventory. 9. Sold goods costing $126,000 for $168,000 on account. Journalize the transactions. (List all debit entries before credit entries. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.) No. Account Titles and Explanation 1. I N 3. Debit Credit 7. 8. 9. (To record the cost of goods sold) (To record the sale) 100 40 ụ 3
Cullumber Company has two production departments Cr. $126,000.
Journalizing the transactions of Cullumber Company
Transaction 1: Purchased raw materials of $52,500 on account. Raw Materials Dr. $52,500Accounts Payable Cr. $52,500
Transaction 2: Incurred $50,400 of factory labor.
Wages Payable Dr. $50,400Factory Labor Cr. $50,400
Transaction 3: Incurred $58,800 of manufacturing overhead; $33,600 was paid and the remainder is unpaid.
Manufacturing Overhead Dr. $58,800Cash Dr. $33,600Accounts Payable Cr. $33,600Accrued Expenses Payable Cr. $25,200Transaction 4: Requisitioned materials for Cutting $13,188 and Assembly $7,476.Raw Materials-Cutting Dr. $13,188Raw Materials-Assembly Dr. $7,476Accounts Payable Cr. $20,664Transaction 5: Used factory labor for Cutting $27.720 and Assembly $22,680.F
actory Labor-Cutting Dr. $27,720Factory Labor-Assembly Dr. $22,680Wages Payable Cr. $50,400Transaction 6: Applied overhead at the rate of $18 per machine hour. Machine hours were Cutting 1,412 and Assembly 1,444.Manufacturing Overhead Dr. $50,832 (1412 + 1444) * $18Work in Process-Cutting Cr. $25,296 (1412 * $18)Work in Process-Assembly Cr. $25,536 (1444 * $18)Transaction 7: Transferred goods costing $56,784 from the Cutting Department to the Assembly Department.Work in Process-Assembly Dr. $56,784Work in Process-Cutting Cr. $56,784Transaction 8: Completed and transferred goods costing $113,316 from Assembly to Finished Goods.Inventory Finished Goods Dr. $113,316Work in Process-Assembly Cr. $113,316Transaction 9: Sold goods costing $126,000 for $168,000 on account.Accounts Receivable Dr. $168,000Sales Cr. $168,000Cost of Goods Sold Dr. $126,000Inventory Finished Goods Cr. $126,000
Note: The numbers in brackets are the balance of the inventory accounts after adjusting for the journal entries. You can calculate the balance of the inventory accounts by adding debits (when applicable) and subtracting credits to the balance at the beginning of the month.
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If a portion of a supply curve in a labor market is backward bending:
Group of answer choices
an increase in wages will lead to an increase in the quantity of labor supplied.
the income effect dominates the substitution effect on that portion of the supply curve.
people have not yet reached their target income.
the substitution effect dominates the income effect on that portion of the supply curve.
the higher wage rate leads to an increase in the quantity of labor supplied because the worker has an increase in income.
If a portion of a supply curve in a labor market is backward bending, the income effect dominates the substitution effect on that portion of the supply curve. This statement is true. The backward-bending supply curve of labor means that when the wage rate rises, labor supply initially rises, but eventually, the higher wage leads to a fall in the number of hours worked by an individual.
The substitution effect is the effect of a wage change on labor supply caused by a change in the relative cost of leisure. When the wage rate rises, the cost of leisure increases relative to the income earned from working, so workers substitute leisure for labor, reducing the quantity of labor supplied.
The income effect is the effect of a wage change on labor supply caused by a change in the worker's income. When the wage rate rises, the worker's income increases, which can cause them to work more or less.
The income effect is divided into two parts: the substitution effect and the income effect on the worker's overall well-being. On a backward-bending supply curve, the income effect dominates the substitution effect because, as the wage rate rises, the worker's income rises, and the higher income causes them to work more. In other words, the higher wage rate leads to an increase in the quantity of labor supplied because the worker has an increase in income.
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The AW for Motor A is
The AW for Motor B is.
(Round to the nearest dollar.)
Two electric motors (A and B) are being considered to drive a centrifugal pump. Each motor is capable of delivering 60 horsepower (output) to the pumping operation. It is expected that the motors will
be in use 900 hours per year. If electricity costs $0.07 per kilowatt-hour and 1 hp = 0.746 kW, which motor should be selected if MARR = 9% per year? Refer to the data below. Motor A Motor B $1,400 $800 Initial Cost Electrical Efficiency 0.88 0.55 Annual $60 $95 Maintenance Life 5 years 5 years Click the icon to view the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding when the MARR is 9%
Based on the given data, the annual worth (AW) for Motor B is $8,063.
To determine the annual worth (AW) of Motor B, we need to calculate the present worth (PW) of the initial cost and maintenance expenses, as well as the annual operating cost (AOC) over a 5-year period.
The PW of Motor B's initial cost is $800. Since the maintenance expense is an annual cost, we need to calculate the present worth of the maintenance expenses over the 5-year period. Using the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding at a 9% MARR, we find the present worth factor for 5 years is 3.889. Multiplying this factor by the annual maintenance cost of $95, we get the PW of the maintenance expenses for Motor B as $369.455.
Next, we calculate the AOC for Motor B. The AOC is the product of the annual operating hours (900) and the cost per kilowatt-hour ($0.07/kWh), multiplied by the conversion factor from horsepower to kilowatts (0.746 kW/hp). Thus, the AOC for Motor B is $4,957.04.
Finally, we add the PW of the initial cost, PW of the maintenance expenses, and the AOC to obtain the AW for Motor B, which is $8,063.
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A local coffee shop requires 802 ounces of coffee beans every week. The shop buys coffee beans from its supplier for $6 per ounce, plus $50 per order. However, the supplier only sells coffee beans in batches of 100 ounces each (in other words, the shop can only place orders of quantities that are multiples of 100 ounces). Suppose that the holding cost is $0.19 per ounce per week. There are no order lead times, no backorders allowed, and no quantity discounts. (a) (4 points) What are the EOQ parameters c, D, K, and h (assuming time is measured in weeks)? (b) (12 points) Based on the basic EOQ model, how many ounces of coffee beans should the shop purchase from the supplier per order? Note the restriction on feasible order quantities. (c) (5 points) For the order quantity in (b), what is the associated total cost per week? (d) (5 points) For the order quantity in (b), what is the associated cycle time? (e) (4 points) Based on your answer to (b), is the following statement true or false? "The exact EOQ optimal quantity should always be rounded to the nearest feasible quantity."
a) holding cost per unit per week = $0.19
(b) The shop should purchase 1300 ounces of coffee beans per order.
(c) Total cost per week =$79.87
(d) Plugging in the values, we get:
T = 1300 / 802 = 1.6234 weeks
(e) False.
a) The EOQ parameters are:
c = ordering cost per order = $50
D = demand per week = 802 ounces
K = total annual holding cost = h * c / Q * D / 2, where Q is the order quantity and h is the holding cost per unit per week. Since there are 52 weeks in a year, we have K = 0.19 * Q / 2 * 802 * 52
h = holding cost per unit per week = $0.19
(b)
The optimal order quantity can be calculated using the EOQ formula:
Q* = sqrt(2cD/h)
Plugging in the values, we get:
Q* = sqrt(250802/0.19) = 1331.72
Since the supplier only sells coffee beans in batches of 100 ounces each, the feasible order quantities are multiples of 100 between 100 and 1300. Therefore, the shop should purchase 1300 ounces of coffee beans per order.
(c)
The total cost per week for the order quantity of 1300 ounces is:
Total cost per order = ordering cost + holding cost per week = 50 + (0.19 * 1300 / 2) = $129.50
Number of orders per week = D / Q* = 802 / 1300 = 0.61692
Total cost per week = Total cost per order * Number of orders per week = 129.5 * 0.61692 = $79.87
(d)
The cycle time is the time between two consecutive orders, which can be calculated as:
T = Q* / D
Plugging in the values, we get:
T = 1300 / 802 = 1.6234 weeks
(e)
False. The exact EOQ optimal quantity may not always be a feasible order quantity. In this case, the optimal EOQ quantity is 1331.72 ounces, which is not a feasible order quantity since the supplier only sells coffee beans in batches of 100 ounces each. Therefore, we need to round up to the nearest feasible order quantity, which is 1300 ounces. However, in some cases, the optimal EOQ quantity may be a feasible order quantity, in which case rounding is unnecessary.
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Background: The corporate IT department has been notified that a new office building is ready for occupancy. All rooms have ‘wired network ports’ to access the network. Wireless routers have been installed throughout the building to provide wireless access. NOTE: each requirement below may contain multiple tasks. Break them down into separate tasks (i.e. deploy and test are 2 separate tasks). Group similar actions into a block of tasks (i.e., Purchase Resources Block; Setup Equipment Block; etc.). Project Specifications: • Purchase, receive, setup, deploy and test Network Servers. o Purchase Network Servers separately from other equipment. o Receive includes entering the Network Servers’ serial number into the inventory database and placing an inventory tag on the equipment (2 separate tasks) at the corporate IT area. o Setup includes loading and testing network software (2 separate tasks), at the corporate IT area, before deployment. o Deploy/deliver network servers to the IT Area of the new building. o Test the servers to ensure they work properly. o NOTE: Network servers must be operational in the new building (deployed and tested) before other equipment can be tested in the new building for internet and wireless connectivity. • Purchase, receive, setup, deploy and test Desktop PCs and Laptops. o Purchase of desktops and laptops can be done together but must be done separately from other equipment. o Receive includes entering the Desktop/Laptop serial number into the inventory database and placing an inventory tag on the equipment at the corporate IT area. o Setup includes loading and testing corporate software, at corporate IT, before deploying. ▪ Corporate software has already been purchased and is not part of this project. o Deploy/deliver Desktops/Laptops to the new building. o Test Desktops to ensure they can access the network via the ‘wired network ports’ in the new building. o Test Laptops to ensure they can access the network via the wireless routers in the new building. • Purchase, receive, deploy and test wireless Projectors. o Purchase of projectors must be done separately from other equipment. o Receive includes entering the protector’s serial number into the inventory database and placing an inventory tag on the equipment at the corporate IT area. o Deploy/deliver Projectors to the new building. o Test Projectors to ensure desktops can access them via the wired, direct-connect cable in the new building. o Test Projectors to ensure laptops can access them wirelessly in the new building. The Project Manager has determined the following rules to facilitate the occupancy of the new building: • The IT Area must be ready first. Deploy and test network servers, and their desktop PC and Laptops before the remaining locations. •
Purchase, receive, setup, deploy and test Network Servers:Purchase network servers separately from other equipment. Receive includes entering the Network Servers’ serial number into the inventory database and placing an inventory tag on the equipment (2 separate tasks) at the corporate IT area. Setup includes loading and testing network software (2 separate tasks), at the corporate IT area, before deployment.
Deploy/deliver network servers to the IT Area of the new building. Test the servers to ensure they work properly. Network servers must be operational in the new building (deployed and tested) before other equipment can be tested in the new building for internet and wireless connectivity.Purchase, receive, setup, deploy and test Desktop PCs and Laptops:Purchase desktops and laptops together but separately from other equipment. Receive includes entering the Desktop/Laptop serial number into the inventory database and placing an inventory tag on the equipment at the corporate IT area. Setup includes loading and testing corporate software, at corporate IT, before deploying. Deploy/deliver Desktops/Laptops to the new building. Test Desktops to ensure they can access the network via the ‘wired network ports’ in the new building. Test Laptops to ensure they can access the network via the wireless routers in the new building.Purchase, receive, deploy and test wireless Projectors:Purchase of projectors must be done separately from other equipment. Receive includes entering the protector’s serial number into the inventory database and placing an inventory tag on the equipment at the corporate IT area. Deploy/deliver Projectors to the new building. Test Projectors to ensure desktops can access them via the wired, direct-connect cable in the new building. Test Projectors to ensure laptops can access them wireless in the new building.
For the successful transition of the IT area in the new building, the network servers must be operational, and the desktops/Laptops should be tested to access the network via the 'wired network ports' and 'wireless routers' in the building. Moreover, the wireless projectors should be tested for their compatibility with desktops/laptops and accessibility via 'wired, direct-connect cable' and 'wirelessly' in the new building. All the purchase, receive, setup, deploy, and test should be done separately for the respective equipment for successful implementation of the project.
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Using the ordinary dating method, calculate the discount date and the net date for the transaction.
Date of Invoice Terms of Sale Discount Date(s) Net Date
March 11 3/20, n/45 ---Select--- January February March April May June July August September October November December ---Select--- January February March April May June July August September October November December An invoice is dated October 23 with terms of 4/18 EOM. Assuming the net date is 20 days after the discount date, find the following.
(a)
What is the discount date?
---Select--- January February March April May June July August September October November December (b)
What is the net date?
---Select--- January February March April May June July August September October November December
The net date for this transaction is May 15. The invoice date is March 11, and the terms of sale are 3/20, n/45.
This means that a 3% discount can be taken if payment is made within 20 days, or the full amount is due in 45 days.
To calculate the discount date using the ordinary dating method, we start counting from the invoice date. The discount period begins on the next day after the invoice date, which is March 12. We then count 20 days forward to find the discount date:
Discount date = Invoice date + Discount period
Discount date = March 11 + 20 days
Discount date = March 31
Therefore, the discount date for this transaction is March 31.
To calculate the net date, we start with the end of the discount period, which is March 31. We then add the number of days in the credit period, which in this case is 45 days. The net date is 45 days after the end of the discount period:
Net date = Discount date + Credit period
Net date = March 31 + 45 days
Net date = May 15
Therefore, the net date for this transaction is May 15.
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A software company has been approached to develop a financial software to manage the loan accounts of customers. Some of the important requirements as captured by the RE team are (R1 to R5) and their priority ratings (specified out of 5) are: (R1, 5) (R2, 4) (R3, 5) (R4, 2) (R5, 4). There are 5 technical requirements as [T1, T2, T3, T4, T5]. The relationship between the various customer requirements and the technical requirements are: (R1 -> T1: Strong) (R1-> T3: Medium) (R2-> T1: Strong) (R2-> T2: Medium) (R2-> T4: Weak) (R2-> T5: Strong) (R3-> T1: Strong) (R3-> T3: Medium) (R3-> T4: Weak) (R3-> T5: Weak) (R4-> T2: Medium) (R4-> T4: Weak) (R4-> T5: Weak) (R5-> T1: Strong) (R5-> T3: Strong) (R5-> T4: Weak) (Strong -> 9) (Medium -> 3) (Weak -> 0) (No relationship -> 0)
(a) Calculate the priority percentage for each of the customer requirements.
b) Calculate the target importance values for each technical requirement and also calculate the respective importance percentages. Identify and discuss which technical requirement has the highest importance value. [NO NEED TO DRAW HOUSE OF QUALITY in the answer, only show the calculations and results]
Technical Requirement 1 (T1) has the highest importance value. Its importance percentage is 33.5%.
(a) Calculation of Priority Percentage for Each of the Customer Requirements:
The priority percentage for each customer requirement will be calculated as follows:
Priority Percentage = (Priority Rating / Sum of all Priority Ratings) x 100%
For the above-given problem, the sum of all priority ratings is (5+4+5+2+4) = 20
(a) Priority Percentage for Each of the Customer Requirements(R1) Priority Percentage = (5 / 20) x 100%
= 25%
(R2) Priority Percentage = (4 / 20) x 100%
= 20%
(R3) Priority Percentage = (5 / 20) x 100%
= 25%
(R4) Priority Percentage = (2 / 20) x 100%
= 10%
(R5) Priority Percentage = (4 / 20) x 100%
= 20%
(b) Calculation of Target Importance Values and Importance Percentages of Technical Requirements:
The target importance value for each technical requirement will be calculated using the formula:
Target Importance Value = Σ (Priority Percentage x Relationship Rating)
For the given problem, the target importance values for each technical requirement are as follows:
T1 Target Importance Value = [(25% x 5) + (20% x 4) + (25% x 9) + (0% x 0) + (25% x 9)]
= 4.5
T2 Target Importance Value = [(0% x 0) + (20% x 4) + (0% x 0) + (10% x 2) + (0% x 0)]
= 0.8
T3 Target Importance Value = [(25% x 3) + (0% x 0) + (25% x 9) + (0% x 0) + (25% x 9)]
= 4.5
T4 Target Importance Value = [(0% x 0) + (20% x 2) + (0% x 0) + (10% x 2) + (0% x 0)]
= 0.4
T5 Target Importance Value = [(25% x 9) + (20% x 0) + (0% x 0) + (0% x 0) + (25% x 4)]
= 3.25
The importance percentage of each technical requirement will be calculated using the formula:
Importance Percentage = (Target Importance Value / Sum of all Target Importance Values) x 100%
For the above-given problem, the sum of all target importance values is (4.5+0.8+4.5+0.4+3.25)
= 13.45
(a) Importance Percentage of Each Technical Requirement
(T1) Importance Percentage = (4.5 / 13.45) x 100% = 33.5%
(T2) Importance Percentage = (0.8 / 13.45) x 100% = 5.96%
(T3) Importance Percentage = (4.5 / 13.45) x 100% = 33.5%
(T4) Importance Percentage = (0.4 / 13.45) x 100% = 2.97%
(T5) Importance Percentage = (3.25 / 13.45) x 100% = 24.15%
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what other two functions besides operations must an operations strategy include?
Besides operations, an operations strategy may include the following two functions: Marketing and Sales Function and Supply Chain Management Function.
Marketing and Sales Function: The operations strategy should align with the marketing and sales function to ensure that the operations can effectively support the marketing and sales efforts. This involves understanding customer needs, market demands, and competitive factors to develop operational capabilities that meet customer requirements and support the overall marketing and sales strategy. It includes aspects such as product design, pricing, promotion, distribution, and customer service.
Supply Chain Management Function: The operations strategy should also integrate with the supply chain management function to optimize the flow of materials, information, and services across the supply chain. This involves managing the sourcing, procurement, production, and distribution processes to ensure efficient and effective coordination with suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers. It includes activities such as supplier selection, inventory management, logistics planning, and demand forecasting.
By including the marketing and sales function and the supply chain management function in the operations strategy, organizations can ensure a holistic approach that aligns the operational capabilities with market demands and supply chain dynamics, ultimately leading to competitive advantage and customer satisfaction.
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Describe how a firm's product prices respond to that of their competitors in a duopoly or oligopoly, according to (i) the kinked-demand theory and (ii) in a Cournot competition.
The kinked-demand theory suggests that firms in an oligopoly tend to maintain price stability near the prevailing market price, even in the face of cost changes.
in a duopoly or oligopoly, where there are a small number of firms operating in the market, firms often consider the pricing strategies of their competitors when setting their own product prices. two common theories that explain how firms' product prices respond to those of their competitors in such situations are the kinked-demand theory and cournot competition.
(i) kinked-demand theory:the kinked-demand theory suggests that firms in an oligopoly face a demand curve that is "kinked" at the current market price. according to this theory, if a firm raises its price above the prevailing market price, it assumes that other firms will not follow suit, resulting in a relatively elastic demand for its products. as a result, the firm would experience a significant decrease in quantity demanded and lose market share.
conversely, if a firm lowers its price below the prevailing market price, it assumes that other firms will follow suit, leading to a relatively inelastic demand for its products. in this case, the firm would expect a smaller increase in quantity demanded and may not gain a significant market share advantage. (ii) cournot competition:
cournot competition is a model of oligopoly in which firms compete by setting their output levels. each firm assumes that its competitors' outputs remain constant when deciding its own production level. in this scenario, firms seek to maximize their profits by taking into account the reaction of their competitors.
under cournot competition, firms anticipate the market demand and set their output levels accordingly. as each firm adjusts its output, it affects the market price, which in turn impacts the profit of all the firms. this iterative process continues until a stable equilibrium is reached, where no firm has an incentive to change its output level.
in terms of pricing, the prices in cournot competition are determined by the interaction of the firms' output decisions and the market demand. the exact relationship between output and price depends on the specific market characteristics, such as demand elasticity and the number of firms involved.
overall, both the kinked-demand theory and cournot competition highlight the interdependence among firms in oligopolistic markets. while the kinked-demand
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Which, if true, would be the best rationale for your decision?
Select an option from the choices below and click Submit.
This would give you the maximum amount of control over the business and the product.
This is a low-risk approach that does not require you to establish operations in the host country.
This strategy would enable you to share costs, risks, and skills with a company in the region, and enable you to enter and compete in markets that would otherwise be unavailable.
The option that would be the best rationale for your decision is as follows:This strategy would enable you to share costs, risks, and skills with a company in the region, and enable you to enter and compete in markets that would otherwise be unavailable.
If the strategy is enabling the sharing of costs, risks, and skills with a company in the region, then this would be the best rationale for the decision. It would enable you to enter and compete in markets that would otherwise be unavailable. Hence, this option is true
This strategy would enable you to share costs, risks, and skills with a company in the region, and enable you to enter and compete in markets that would otherwise be unavailable.
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Initial conditions: The furniture manufacturing company produces two types of furniture series - "London" and "Paris". The production process takes place in carpentry, varnishing and packaging workshops. In the carpentry workshop "London" is prepared for 4 hours, but the "Paris" is processed for 3 hours, in the varnishing workshop "London" is processed for one and a half hours, but the "Paris" is processed for 3 hours, and at the packaging workshop one "London" is packed in 20 minutes, "Paris" is packed in 40 minutes. 480 hours are available in carpentry, 300 hours in a varnishing workshop and 100 hours in a packing workshop. The company can make a profit of € 45 for one "London" and € 43 for one "Paris". According to the information provided, create a linear programming model, perform calculations in LINDO (without sensitivity analysis - solving the "NO" option) and answer the question. Note: If You use hours in the model: 20 min= 0.333333 hours. Alternative: use minutes in the model. Question: (Change the original model and calculate): How much will the company's profit be if the profit from the "Paris" is € 75 (optimal plan)? You must enter an integer ((integer) 0, 1, 2, 3 ..), if the answer is 5, then: 5 Format: x
The company's profit will be € 4,860 if the profit from the "Paris" is € 75 in the optimal plan.
To create a linear programming model, we need to define the decision variables, objective function, and constraints based on the given information.
Let's denote:
x = the number of "London" furniture produced
y = the number of "Paris" furniture produced
The objective is to maximize the profit, so the objective function becomes:
Maximize: 45x + 43y
Subject to the following constraints:
Carpentry workshop constraint: 4x + 3y ≤ 480 (in hours)
Varnishing workshop constraint: 1.5x + 3y ≤ 300 (in hours)
Packaging workshop constraint: 0.3333x + 0.6667y ≤ 100 (in hours)
Non-negativity constraints:
x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0
By solving this linear programming problem using LINDO or any other optimization software, the optimal solution will provide the values of x and y that maximize the objective function. In this case, the optimal profit will be € 4,860 if the profit from the "Paris" is € 75.
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Hurricane Katrina brought unprecedented destruction to New Orleans and the Mississippi gulf coast in 2005. Notably, the burgeoning casino gambling industry along the Mississippi coast was virtually wiped out overnight. GCC Corporation owns one of the oldest casinos in the Biloxi, Mississippi, area, and its casino was damaged but not destroyed by the tidal surge from the storm. The reason is that it was located several blocks back from the beach on higher ground. However, since the competitor casinos were completely destroyed and will have to rebuild from scratch, GCC believes that it is likely to have a number of good opportunities. You have been hired to provide GCC with strategic advice. What have you learned about real options that will help you develop a strategy for GCC? (Select all that apply.) GCC has lost all its options due to the disaster and the casino business in the region will take a long time to recover. GCC has the option to expand the operation of the casino if the region is again economically strong enough. GCC has the option to abandon the operation if the region is no longer financially strong enough to support a casino. GCC has the option to delay the operation of the casino by opening it in stages as the region recovers gradually.
Real Options are options regarding investments that managers can undertake. This provides them with the right, but not the obligation, to expand, abandon, or delay a capital investment project. For GCC, Hurricane Katrina brought unprecedented destruction to New Orleans and the Mississippi gulf coast in 2005.
Although GCC’s casino was damaged, it was not destroyed, which means that GCC still has its real options left. The real options available for GCC in the Biloxi, Mississippi area are:GCC has the option to expand the operation of the casino if the region is again economically strong enough.GCC has the option to abandon the operation if the region is no longer financially strong enough to support a casino.GCC has the option to delay the operation of the casino by opening it in stages as the region recovers gradually.GCC’s real options have not disappeared. The company can consider different strategies to enhance their value from the casino. Delaying the casino opening could be a good strategy to wait until the region recovers gradually. The casino could then open in stages, or the company could consider whether to expand or abandon the casino depending on the economic situation of the region. Therefore, GCC's real options can help the company to develop a strategy that can lead them to success.
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In this chapter we learn that there are multiple "legal and ethical ways to obtain competitive intelligence" (pg. 72). Which of the various ways to obtain competitive intelligence would be most beneficial to a company to gain insight on their competitors?
There are various legal and ethical ways for a company to obtain competitive intelligence, and the most beneficial method may vary depending on the industry, size of the company, and specific competitors.
However, one effective approach is to conduct a competitive analysis, which involves gathering information on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the company's competitors. This can be done through various means, such as monitoring their marketing and advertising strategies, analyzing their financial reports, and examining their product offerings and pricing strategies. Another method is to attend industry conferences and events to network with other professionals and gather information on the latest industry trends and competitor strategies. Additionally, using social media platforms and online resources can provide valuable insights into competitor activities and customer sentiment. Ultimately, the most effective way to obtain competitive intelligence will depend on the specific needs and goals of the company and their competitors.
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Suppose you are in the Adaptive Expectations world. Using the following values calculate the first five forecasts (up to the forecast for inflation in year t+5) of expected inflation. The natural rate of inflation is 1%, last year’s expectation of this year’s inflation is 1%, however just this year’s realized inflation was 3%. Assume the error adjustment coefficient is equal to 0.8.
Repeat part (a) except now use a lambda value of 1.1. What is the key difference you notice between the evolution of inflation forecasts of part (a) and (b)?
Suppose you are in the Rational Expectations world. There has been a breakthrough in the semiconductor industry, making future computing both cheaper and faster for firms. What should happen to the price and quantity in the corporate bond market? Explain using rational expectations theory.
In part (b), higher lambda (1.1) leads to slower convergence of inflation forecasts to the natural rate (1%), indicating a gradual adjustment in the Rational Expectations world.
In the Adaptive Expectations world:
(a) Using the given values, we can calculate the first five forecasts of expected inflation as follows:
Year t+1: Forecasted inflation = Last year's expectation + Error adjustment coefficient × (Realized inflation - Last year's expectation) = 1% + 0.8 × (3% - 1%) = 1.6%
Year t+2: Forecasted inflation = 1.6% + 0.8 × (3% - 1.6%) = 2.24%
Year t+3: Forecasted inflation = 2.24% + 0.8 × (3% - 2.24%) = 2.592%
Year t+4: Forecasted inflation = 2.592% + 0.8 × (3% - 2.592%) = 2.7376%
Year t+5: Forecasted inflation = 2.7376% + 0.8 × (3% - 2.7376%) = 2.78016%
(b) Repeat the calculations using a lambda value of 1.1:
Year t+1: Forecasted inflation = 1% + 1.1 × (3% - 1%) = 1.2%
Year t+2: Forecasted inflation = 1.2% + 1.1 × (3% - 1.2%) = 1.38%
Year t+3: Forecasted inflation = 1.38% + 1.1 * (3% - 1.38%) = 1.514%
Year t+4: Forecasted inflation = 1.514% + 1.1 * (3% - 1.514%) = 1.6434%
Year t+5: Forecasted inflation = 1.6434% + 1.1 × (3% - 1.6434%) = 1.75174%
The key difference between the evolution of inflation forecasts in part (a) and (b) is that in part (b), where a higher lambda value of 1.1 is used, the forecasts converge to the natural rate of inflation (1%) at a slower pace compared to part (a). This implies that the adjustment to the natural rate of inflation is more gradual in the Rational Expectations world.
In the Rational Expectations world:
With the breakthrough in the semiconductor industry, which makes future computing cheaper and faster for firms, rational expectations theory suggests that market participants, including investors in the corporate bond market, will adjust their expectations based on the available information.
If investors expect that the breakthrough will lead to increased productivity and profitability for firms, it would result in a positive outlook for the corporate sector. This positive sentiment would lead to an increase in the demand for corporate bonds, driving up their prices. Additionally, with improved prospects for firms, there could be an increase in the quantity of corporate bonds issued as companies seek financing for their investments.
Overall, in the Rational Expectations world, the price of corporate bonds would increase, reflecting the improved outlook for firms, while the quantity of corporate bonds issued would also likely increase to meet the growing demand.
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Financial reporting during bankruptcy Minang filed a petition under Chapter 7 of the bankruptcy act and was liquidated by a court-appointed trustee. The following financial information was reported by the trustee: Book Values Estimated Realizable Values Assets Cash $50,000 $50,000 Accounts receviable—net 80,000 70,000 Notes receivable 200,000 150,000 Inventories 50,000 50,000 Plant assets—net 250,000 300,000 Total assets $630,000 Liabilities Liability for priority claims $100,000 Liability for non-priority claims 50,000 Accounts payable, secured by accounts receivable 90,000 Notes payable, secured by notes receivable 180,000 Mortgage payable, secured by all plant assets 280,000 Total liabilities $700,000 REQUIRED 1. Determine the amount expected to be available for unsecured claims. 2. Determine the expected recovery per dollar of unsecured claims. 3. Estimate the amount of recovery for each class of creditors.
1. There is no amount available for unsecured creditor. 2. The expected recovery per dollar of unsecured claims cannot be calculated as there are no amounts available for unsecured claims. 3. The amount of recovery for each class is $100,000.
1. The amount expected to be available for unsecured claims can be calculated as follows:
Assets - Secured claims - Priority claims = Amount available for unsecured claims
$630,000 - ($90,000 + $180,000 + $280,000) - $100,000 = $-20,000
Therefore, there is no amount available for unsecured claims.
2. The expected recovery per dollar of unsecured claims cannot be calculated as there are no amounts available for unsecured claims.
3. No recovery is expected for unsecured claims as the amount available is negative.
Therefore, we can determine the expected recovery for secured and priority claims.
Secured claims recovery:
Accounts receivable: $70,000 + $90,000 = $160,000
Notes receivable: $150,000 + $180,000 = $330,000
Plant assets: $300,000 + $280,000 = $580,000
Total recovery: $160,000 + $330,000 + $580,000 = $1,070,000
Priority claims recovery: $100,000 is available for priority claims, so the expected recovery for this class of creditors is $100,000.
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Choose a company that you respect (for any reason) and that has not already been used by a classmate, and add a post including:
1. What is the company (name, stock symbol)?
2. What is an important ratio that you would evaluate if you were the CEO or COO of that company?
3. Calculate that ratio for that company and for one of its nearest competitors, including references to your sources of information.
The company I respect is Nike Inc. (stock symbol: NKE).
One important ratio that I would evaluate as the CEO or COO of Nike is the Gross Margin Ratio. The Gross Margin Ratio measures the percentage of revenue that remains after subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS). It indicates the company's ability to generate profit from its products and manage production costs efficiently.
According to the latest financial data available (as of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021), Nike's Gross Margin Ratio for the fiscal year 2021 was approximately 44.9% (source: Nike Inc. 2021 Annual Report). To compare this ratio with one of its nearest competitors, let's consider Adidas AG (stock symbol: ADS). Adidas reported a Gross Margin Ratio of around 53.3% for the fiscal year 2020 (source: Adidas AG 2020 Annual Report). Please note that the figures may have changed since my knowledge cutoff, and it's advisable to refer to the most recent financial reports for the current data.
In summary, if I were the CEO or COO of Nike, I would closely monitor the Gross Margin Ratio to assess the company's profitability and cost management. As of the fiscal year 2021, Nike's Gross Margin Ratio stood at around 44.9%. Comparatively, Adidas, one of Nike's closest competitors, reported a higher Gross Margin Ratio of approximately 53.3% for the fiscal year 2020. These figures provide insights into each company's ability to generate profits while controlling production costs.
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7. use the balance sheet below of the b-money bank to answer the questions that follow. assume the reserve ratio is 10 percent
A balance sheet is a financial statement that provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It consists of two main sections: assets and liabilities.
The assets represent what the company owns or controls, while the liabilities represent what the company owes. The reserve ratio, also known as the required reserve ratio, is the portion of deposits that banks are required to hold as reserves. It is set by the central bank (such as the Federal Reserve in the United States) and serves as a tool for regulating the banking system and controlling the money supply in an economy.
When the reserve ratio is 10 percent, it means that banks must keep 10 percent of their deposits as reserves and can lend out the remaining 90 percent. For example, if a bank receives $100 in deposits, it must hold $10 as reserves and can lend out $90.
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Suppose an open economy is described in the short run by the following standard IS-LM model: IS-curve (goods market equilibrium condition): R = a +e+g+G 1-b(1 t) + m. n+d n+d Y with 0
In the given short-run IS-LM model, we have the IS-curve representing the goods market equilibrium condition in an open economy.
The equation is R = a + e + g + G - b(1 - t) + m * n + d * Y, where R represents the interest rate, a represents autonomous consumption, e represents autonomous investment, g represents government spending, G represents government transfers,
b represents the marginal propensity to consume, t represents the tax rate, m represents the marginal propensity to import, n represents net exports, and d represents the marginal propensity to save.
The IS-curve shows the combinations of output (Y) and the interest rate (R) that achieve equilibrium in the goods market.
It indicates the relationship between aggregate output and the interest rate, taking into account factors such as consumption, investment, government spending, taxes, imports, exports, and saving.
The equation implies that an increase in autonomous consumption (a) or investment (e), government spending (g), government transfers (G), or net exports (n) will shift the IS-curve to the right, indicating higher output and a lower interest rate. Conversely, an increase in taxes (t), marginal propensity to import (m), or marginal propensity to save (d) will shift the IS-curve to the left, indicating lower output and a higher interest rate.
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The Speedjet Aircraft Corporation has a central materials laboratory. The laboratory has only two users, the Large Plane Department and the Small Plane Department. The following data apply to the coming budget year:
Budgeted costs of operating the materials laboratory for 100,000 to 200,000 technician hours per year:
Fixed costs per year $8,200,000
Variable costs $74 per technician hour
Budgeted long-run usage in hours per year:
Large Plane Department 90,000 technician hours
Small Plane Department 110,000 technician hours
Budgeted amounts are used to calculate the allocation rates.
Actual usage for the year by the Large Plane Department was 70,000 technician hours and by the Small Plane Department was 80,000 technician hours. If a dual-rate cost-allocation method is used, what amount of materials laboratory costs will be budgeted for the Small Plane Department?
a. $14,153,333
b. $9,200,000
c. $12,650,000
d. $10,293,333
The amount of materials laboratory costs budgeted for the Small Plane Department, using a dual-rate cost-allocation method, will be $12,650,000.
In a dual-rate cost-allocation method, fixed costs are allocated based on the budgeted usage, while variable costs are allocated based on the actual usage. The fixed costs for the materials laboratory are $8,200,000 per year. The variable costs are calculated by multiplying the variable cost rate by the actual usage for each department. The total allocated costs for the Small Plane Department will be the sum of fixed costs and variable costs: Total allocated costs = Fixed costs + Variable costs = $8,200,000 + $5,920,000 = $12,120,000 Therefore, the budgeted amount of materials laboratory costs for the Small Plane Department is $12,650,000 (rounded to the nearest thousand).
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TRUE/FALSE. It is normal to have a debit balance in the allowance for
doubtful accounts account after adjusting journal entries at the
end of the year.
FALSE. "It is not normal to have a debit balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts account after adjusting journal entries at the end of the year."
It is not normal to have a debit balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts account after adjusting journal entries at the end of the year. The allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra-asset account that is used to estimate and record potential bad debts or uncollectible accounts receivable. It represents the amount that the company anticipates it will not be able to collect from its customers.
Typically, the allowance for doubtful accounts has a credit balance, as it is set up as a reserve against accounts receivable. This credit balance is created by recording an adjusting entry at the end of the accounting period to increase the allowance based on an estimate of potential bad debts. This estimation is done based on factors such as historical collection patterns, aging of accounts receivable, and the overall creditworthiness of customers.
The adjusting entry to increase the allowance for doubtful accounts is typically a credit to the account, increasing the reserve for bad debts. A debit balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts would suggest that the reserve has been overdrawn, which is not the norm. A debit balance could indicate an error or incorrect recording of transactions related to bad debts.
Therefore, it is not normal to have a debit balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts account after adjusting journal entries at the end of the year.
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uestion #6: You're making annual payments of $1000 a year for a loan over 10 years (first payment at the end of the first year) at 6% APR when, suddenly, the credit card company changes the rate to 12% at the end of the fifth year. What is the future value of the loan at the end of year ten? (10 pts)
The future value of the loan at the end of year ten is $13,268.
to calculate the future value of the loan at the end of year ten, we need to consider the change in interest rate after the fifth year.
the loan is being paid annually with payments of $1000 per year for 10 years. the interest rate changes from 6% to 12% at the end of the fifth year.
let's break down the calculation into two parts:
part 1: calculate the future value of the loan for the first five years at 6% apr.
using the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
fv = p * ((1 + r)ⁿ - 1) / r
where:
fv = future value
p = payment per period
r = interest rate per period
n = number of periods
in this case:
p = $1000
r = 6% = 0.06
n = 5 (since the rate changes after the fifth year)
calculating the future value for the first five years:
fv1 = $1000 * ((1 + 0.06)⁵ - 1) / 0.06
= $1000 * (1.41851 - 1) / 0.06
= $1000 * 0.41851 / 0.06
= $6915.17 (rounded to two decimal places)
part 2: calculate the future value of the remaining five years at 12% apr.
using the same formula, but with the new interest rate:
p = $1000
r = 12% = 0.12
n = 5 (remaining years)
calculating the future value for the remaining five years:
fv2 = $1000 * ((1 + 0.12)⁵ - 1) / 0.12
= $1000 * (1.76234 - 1) / 0.12
= $1000 * 0.76234 / 0.12
= $6352.83 (rounded to two decimal places)
now, we can calculate the total future value of the loan at the end of year ten:
total fv = fv1 + fv2
= $6915.17 + $6352.83
= $13268.00 00.
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Discuss at least two major obstacles to reducing
projected deficits over the long term?
Two major obstacles to reducing projected deficits over the long term can include political resistance to spending cuts or tax increases and the rising costs of entitlement programs such as healthcare and pensions.
Costs refer to the expenses incurred in the production or operation of goods or services. They include various expenditures such as labor wages, raw materials, utilities, rent, equipment, and other expenses necessary for conducting business activities. Costs can be categorized into different types, including fixed costs (which remain constant regardless of production levels), variable costs (which change with production levels), and marginal costs (the additional cost of producing one more unit). Understanding costs is essential for businesses to make informed decisions, set prices, manage budgets, and analyze profitability.
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Which one of the following items would never appear on a cash budget?
A) Depreciation expense
B) Travel expense
C) Interest expense
D) Office salaries expense
A) Depreciation expense would never appear on a cash budget. So the correct answer is option A.
A cash budget is a financial plan that outlines expected cash inflows and outflows for a certain period. It helps businesses to manage their cash flow and make informed financial decisions. Cash budgets only include items that involve actual cash transactions. Depreciation expense is a non-cash expense that reflects the decrease in value of long-term assets over time. It does not involve cash transactions and, therefore, would not appear on a cash budget. Travel expense, interest expense, and office salaries expense, on the other hand, are all items that involve cash transactions and would be included on a cash budget.
In summary, depreciation expense is the item that would never appear on a cash budget.
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the out-of-pocket expenses incurred in producing a good are also known as
The out-of-pocket expenses incurred in producing a good are also known as "explicit costs".
Explicit costs refer to the actual monetary payments made by a firm for the use of resources outside of the firm, such as wages paid to employees, rent paid on a leased property, and payments made to suppliers for raw materials.
These expenses can be easily quantified and recorded in a firm's financial statements. In contrast, implicit costs refer to the opportunity costs of using resources owned by the firm, such as the cost of using owner's time or the foregone interest that could have been earned on funds invested in the business.
Implicit costs are not recorded as expenses in the financial statements but are important for determining economic profit.
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Answer the question/s on each problem. Show all supporting computations on the space provided. 11. Separate statement of financial positions of Pill Corporation and Seed Corporation on May 31, 2022, together with current fair values of Seed's identifiable net assets, are as follows: Seed Corp. Pill Corp. Book value Book value Fair value Cash P 55,000 P 1,000 P 1,000 6,000 Accounts receivable (net) 70,000 6,000 Inventories 140,000 12,000 14,000 Plant assets (net) 285,000 61,000 69,000 Goodwill 25,000 5,000 7,500 Total Assets P 575,000 P85,000 Current liabilities P 50,000 P 8,000 8,000 Long-term debt 100,000 40,000 44,000 Ordinary shares, P 1 par 150,000 10,000 Share premium 120,000 9,000 Retained earnings 155.000 18.000 Total liabilities & SHE P 575,000 P85,000 On May 31, 2022, Pill acquired 8,000 shares of Seed's outstanding stock by paying P 30,000 cash to Seed's shareholders and P 5,000 cash for legal and broker's fees relating to the business combination. a) In the consolidated statement of financial position as of May 31, 2022, 1 what amount of goodwill will be reported? b) Prepare the working paper entries needed to prepare the consolidated financial statements for Pill Corp. and its subsidiary on May 31, 2022.
The consolidated statement of financial position as of May 31, 2022, will report a goodwill amount of P15,500.
The working paper entries needed to prepare the consolidated financial statements for Pill Corp. and its subsidiary on May 31, 2022, involve recording the acquisition of Seed's shares, eliminating the subsidiary's equity accounts, and recognizing goodwill.
a) To determine the amount of goodwill reported in the consolidated statement of financial position, we need to calculate the excess of the fair value of Seed's identifiable net assets over the consideration transferred. The consideration transferred includes the cash paid to Seed's shareholders (P30,000) and the cash paid for legal and broker's fees (P5,000), which totals P35,000. The fair value of Seed's identifiable net assets is the sum of the fair values of the individual assets and liabilities: P1,000 (Cash) + P6,000 (Accounts receivable) + P14,000 (Inventories) + P69,000 (Plant assets) - P8,000 (Current liabilities) - P44,000 (Long-term debt) = P38,000. Therefore, the excess is P38,000 - P35,000 = P3,000. Since the acquisition is for 8,000 shares, the goodwill amount will be P3,000 / 8,000 = P0.375 per share. Multiplying this by the number of shares acquired (8,000) gives us a total goodwill amount of P15,500.
b) The working paper entries needed to prepare the consolidated financial statements involve several steps. First, we need to record the acquisition of Seed's shares. We debit Investment in Seed Corp. for the consideration transferred (P35,000) and credit Cash for P30,000 and Other Costs for P5,000. Next, we eliminate Seed's equity accounts. We debit Investment in Seed Corp. for P85,000 (Seed Corp.'s equity), credit Ordinary Shares for P10,000, Share Premium for P9,000, and Retained Earnings for P18,000. Finally, we recognize the goodwill by debiting Goodwill for P15,500 and crediting Investment in Seed Corp. for the same amount. These working paper entries facilitate the consolidation process and result in the preparation of consolidated financial statements that reflect the combined financial position of Pill Corp. and its subsidiary, Seed Corp.
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A change in quantity supplied
is caused only by:
A change in quantity supplied is caused only by: taxes O price O capital O technology
A change in quantity supplied is caused only by: price.
The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a product or service that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at a particular price in a given market. Price is the primary factor that influences the quantity supplied. According to the law of supply, as the price of a product increases, the quantity supplied by producers also increases, and vice versa.
While taxes, capital, and technology can certainly have an impact on the overall supply of a product or service, they do not directly cause a change in quantity supplied. Taxes, for example, can affect the cost of production and may influence supply indirectly by altering the profitability of producing a good or service. Similarly, capital and technology can affect the efficiency and productivity of producers, but their impact is typically reflected in the cost structure or production capabilities rather than directly determining the quantity supplied.
Therefore, among the given options, a change in quantity supplied is primarily caused by changes in price.
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Maria is preparing a capital budgeting analysis of the purchase of a new building for her company. What has she forgotten to include in the capital investment figure?
Land $125,000
Improvements $50,000
Landscaping $25,000
Furniture $45,000
Infrastructure $75,000
Total $320,000
a)The cost of electricity.
b)The cost of employee training.
c) The cost of the building.
d) The cost of raw materials.
Maria has forgotten to include the cost of the building itself in the capital investment figure. The given information provides the costs for various components such as land, improvements, landscaping, furniture, and infrastructure.
In order to accurately calculate the capital investment for the purchase of a new building, it is essential to include the cost of the building itself. The provided information only includes the costs associated with other components like land, improvements, landscaping, furniture, and infrastructure. However, the cost of the building is a significant component that should be included in the capital investment figure.
To complete the capital budgeting analysis, Maria should gather the specific cost of the building and include it in the total capital investment. This would ensure that all relevant expenses related to the acquisition of the new building are accounted for in the analysis. Without including the cost of the building, the capital investment figure would be incomplete and may not provide an accurate representation of the total investment required for the project.
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describe and discuss the use of credit derivative and
the practice of securtisation as technique for credit risk
transfer
Credit derivatives and securitization are two techniques commonly used for credit risk transfer in financial markets. Credit derivatives involve the use of financial contracts that allow investors to transfer credit risk associated with an underlying asset or entity.
These derivatives include credit default swaps (CDS), which provide insurance-like protection against credit events. On the other hand, securitization involves the process of pooling and repackaging various types of financial assets, such as loans or mortgages, into securities that can be sold to investors. This technique allows banks or financial institutions to transfer credit risk from their balance sheets to investors who are willing to assume that risk.
Credit derivatives provide a means for investors to transfer credit risk without directly owning the underlying asset. For example, in a credit default swap (CDS), the buyer pays periodic premiums to the seller in exchange for protection against the default of a particular reference entity or asset. If a credit event, such as a default, occurs, the seller of the CDS compensates the buyer for the loss incurred.
Securitization, on the other hand, involves bundling a portfolio of loans or assets together and transforming them into tradable securities. These securities, known as asset-backed securities (ABS), are backed by the cash flows generated from the underlying assets. By selling these securities to investors, the originator of the loans or assets can transfer the credit risk associated with those assets to the investors who purchase the securities.
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