In an experiment, the membrane potential of a neuron is hyperpolarized to –120 mV. When an inhibitory neurotransmitter is applied to the preparation, the membrane is depolarized. Which of the following could explain this result?

a. Inhibitory transmitters normally depolarize the synaptic membrane.
b. The normal response of the postsynaptic membrane to any transmitter is depolarization.
c. The inhibitory transmitter activates ligand-gated potassium channels.
d. Sodium channels become inactivated.
e. Calcium channels become activated.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The inhibitory transmitter activates ligand-gated potassium channels

Explanation:

When a cell is in hyperpolarized state,the potassium gated channels are taken longer time to close up, Therefore, more K+ leaks out of the axoplasm  to the exterior.Therefore the cell appears to continue in the resting state, with more negative value of the cell potential of (-120 mV) and this called hyperpolarization.

However, with the addition of  inhibitory transmitter,the ligand-gated potassium channels are activated,Theses channels closes up.Then sodium  gated channels, which  were initially in refractive state reopens, sodium ions diffuses inwards for depolarization, and the neuron returns to depolarized state.


Related Questions

Non-metals are used to make insulator-Why?​

Answers

Answer:

non-metallic solids are said to be good insulators, having extremely high resistance to the flow of charge through them.Most atoms hold on to their electrons tightly and are insulators.Electricity can only be conducted by the motion of electrons or ions. Non-metals do not conduct electricity because unlike metals, they have no free electrons

Explanation:

i hope this will help you :)

What information does the geologic time scale provide?
explanation of how Earth formed
places where dinosaurs roamed on Earth
reasons why organisms evolve into different species
information about when plants first appeared

Answers

Information that can be obtained from the geological time scale is the information about when plants first appeared. (Option D)

What is the geologic time scale?

The geologic time scale is the method of representation of the information of the things that happened on earth based on the information that can be obtained from rocks.

An information that can be obtained from the geological time scale is the information about when plants first appeared.

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Answer: D) information about when plants first appeared

Explanation: Got it right on the test

All the animals trees and plants are made up of cells that share many similar nucleus

Answers

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

Animal cells and plant cells are similar, though plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls while animal cells don't. However, both have mitochondria, a nucleus, Golgi Apparatus, etc.

The Punnett square on p. 70 of your lab manual shows the genotypes of two parents for trait R. Use this Punnett square to answer the questions in this exercise. Trait R is the Mendelian trait in humans for tongue rolling. The allele for the ability to roll the tongue (R) is dominant over the allele for the inability to roll the tongue (r). Mom R r R RR Rr Dad r Rr rr1. What is the mother's genotype? 2. What is the mother's phenotype? 3. What is the father's genotype?4. What is father's phenotype? 5. What is the probability of their daughter Maria having each of the possible genotypes and phenotypes? 6. Are you 100% sure of the parents' phenotypes? Are you 100% sure of Maria's phenotype? If not which are problematic? Why? 7. Are you 100% sure of the parents' genotypes? Are you 100% sure of Maria's genotype?

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

You will find the answers and further explanations posted as an attachment due to technical difficulties.

A science student makes the following statement: I think that plants grow faster in acidic soil than they do in normal soil. Which of these is the student doing?

Answers

The given question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:

A science student makes the following statement:

I think plants grow faster in acidic soil than they do in normal soil.

Which part of the scientific process is this?

A. Analyzing data

B. Testing a hypothesis

C. Forming a hypothesis

D. Stating a theory

Answer:

C. Forming a hypothesis

Explanation:

The given statement is a "hypothesis" formed by a science student.

A hypothesis form a relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. Independent variable is the variable that a researcher or scientist controls while dependent variable is the variable that a scientist observes and measures.

So, in the given statement, independent variable is the concentration of acidic and normal soil and dependent variable is the growth of the plant, that the student will observe.

Hence, Student is making a hypothesis and the correct option is "C".

Which type of stress causes rocks to fold?
compression
shearing
strike-slip
tension

Answers

Answer:

A Compression

Explanation:

Since the rock cannot move, it cannot deform. This is called confining stress. Compression squeezes rocks together, causing rocks to fold or fracture (break) (figure 1). Compression is the most common stress at convergent plate boundaries.

Answer: Compression

Explanation: I KNOW IT IS RIGHT!

Which statement about cellular respiration is true
A. It produces oxygen
B. It requires water
C. It is used by every living cell
D. It converts energy to food

Answers

answer

answer is( c.) it is used y every living cell

Electrons spin in shells around the nucleus. The closest shell (n = 1) can contain a maximum of____
electrons?
4
2
8
6

Answers

Answer: 2 electrons

Explanation:

The inner shell (1st shell) can hold 2 electrons, the next shell can hold 8 electrons and the third shell can hold 18 electrons.

Answer:

2 electrons

Explanation:

Electrons have various shells. The first one is called the K shell and it holds a maximum of two electrons.The next is the L shell (8 electrons), then the M shell and so on.

Estimate how many arteries branch off the aorta given that arteries have a diameter of 0.4 cm and a flow speed of 45 cm/s.

Answers

Answer:

Approximately 25 arteries would branch off

Explanation:

Aorta has a diameter of 2 cm, so area is pi x 1^2 = 3.142

In case of the artery, pi x 0.2^2 = 0.126

So dividing total area of aorta by total area of one artery, we get 3.142/0.126 = 25.021

Hence, about 25 arteries will be needed to carry the amount of blood that flows in the aorta vessel.

You are going to enter a biology science fair. You and your friends have come up with some interesting ideas. Look at the questions below and choose all of the questions that are testable and would lead to a good science fair project. Is the Abominable Snowman afraid of rats? Does feeding peanuts to chickens make their eggs larger? Do the chirps of a cricket indicate air temperature? Why are small dogs more cuddly than large dogs?

Answers

Answer:

The questions 'Does feeding peanuts to chickens make their eggs larger?' and 'Do the chirps of crickets indicate air temperature?' would lead to a good science fair project.

Answer:

Answer 2, 3 are correct

Explanation:

state and explain five uses of insects ​

Answers

Answer:

They aerate the soil-

They pollinate blossoms

Some are are scavengers, and feed on dead animals and fallen trees, thereby recycling nutrients back into the soil.

They produce silk (worms)

they clean up waste

How is cellular respiration related to photosynthesis? Sugars produced in photosynthesis are digested in cellular respiration. Energy produced in photosynthesis is used to make proteins through cellular respiration. Sugars produced in photosynthesis are broken down into glucose through cellular respiration. Energy produced in photosynthesis is put into a usable form through cellular respiration.

Answers

Answer:

Energy produced in photosynthesis is put into a usable form through celllular respiration.

Explanation:

The energy produced during photosynthesis cannot be used by the cell and is not in a usable form. With the help of cellular respiration, the energy is converted to ATP to be used by the cell.

Match each of the following terms associated with the control of heart rate and blood vessel diameter with its defining term (e.g., integrating center, receptors, and so on).a. Parasympathetic neurons b. Carotid and aortic baroreceptors c. SA node d. Veins e. Sympathetic neurons f. Arterioles g. Ventricles h. Change in blood pressure i. Medullary cardiovascular centers1. Integrating center 2. Efferent neurons 3. Receptors 4. Stimulus 5. Target

Answers

Answer:

a. Parasympathetic neurons.  Efferent neurons

b. Carotid and aortic baroreceptors. Receptors

c. SA node. Target

d. Veins. Target

e. Sympathetic neurons. Efferent neurons

f. Arterioles. Target

g. Ventricles. Target

h. Change in blood pressure - Stimulus

i. Medullary cardiovascular centres. Integrating center

Explanation:  

The efferent parasympathetic pathway is considered to be part of the autonomic nervous system. The efferent parasympathetic control is produced by nerve signals that are transported from the central nervous system to their corresponding targets.  

Targets are those tissues where nerve impulses are directed. These targets include the vascular system (i.e., arterioles, ventricles, veins, etc).  

Receptors are specialized cells capable of detecting a stimulus and promote a response (i.e., an electrical impulse).

The integrating center of the nervous system is represented by the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is composed by the brain and the spinal cord, it senses the stimulus and produces the corresponding nerve impulse (i.e., response).

The psychologist most closely associated with the school of functionalism is

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Edward B. Titchener. Functionalists, including psychologists William James and James Rowland Angell, and philosophers George H, they stressed the importance of empirical, rational thought over an experimental, trial-and-error philosophy.

hope it helps

What can we say about
protons?
A. They are in the nucleus and never
leave.
B. They move around outside the nucleus.
C. They move in and out of the nucleus.

Answers

i’m pretty sure it’s C but try googling it

Mendel first crossed true-breeding plants to produce a second generation, which were then allowed to self-pollinate to generate the offspring. How do we name these three generations?

Answers

Answer:

P, F1 and F2

Explanation:

The first generation crossed which included the true breeding parents are the P generation plant. This produces the two subsequent generations which are the first filial generation (F1) and the second filial generation (F2).

Researchers cross a corn plant that is pure-breeding for the dominant traits colored aleurone (C1), full kernel (Sh), and waxy endosperm (Wx) to a pure-breeding plant wiht the reccessive trains colorless aleurone (c1), shrunken kernal (sh), and starchy (wx). The resulting F1 plants were crossed to pure-breeding colorless, shrunken, starchy plants. Counting the kernals from about 30 eats of corn yields the following data:
Kernel Phenotype Number
Colored, shrunken, starchy 116
Colored, full, starchy 601
Colored, full, waxy 2538
Colored, shrunken, waxy 4
Colorless, shrunken, starchy 2708
Colorless, full, starchy 2
Colorless, full, waxy 113
Colorless, shrunken, waxy 626
6708
A) Why are these data consistent with genetic linkage among the three genes?
B) Perform a chi-square test to determine if these data show significant deviation from the expected phenotype distribution.
C) What is the order of these genes in corn?
D) calculate the recombination fraction between the gene pairs.
E) what is the interference value for this data set?

Answers

D) #recombinant=116+601+4+2+113+625=1462

   #nonrecombinant=2538+2708=5246

  RF=R/(N+R)=1462/6708=0.2

  E) I=1-Q

I-interference

Q-coefficient of coincidence

Q=O2Xo/E2xo(2xo-double crossovers)

O2xo=6

P=(distance from C1 to Sh/100)*(distance from Sh to Wx/100)

=(3.38/100)*(18.28/100)=0.006

E2xo=0.006*6708=40.248

Q=6/40.248=0.15

I=1-0.15=0.85

Which statement summarizes the main purpose of photosynthesis?
OOO
It converts gases to solids in the form of sugar.
It converts carbon to oxygen.
It converts light energy to chemical energy.
It converts energy to mass.

Answers

It converts light energy to chemical energy

Explanation:

it converts light enegry to chemical enegry. as it converts sun light enegry into food substances.

A biologist is studying how green sea turtles choose where to lay their eggs. She makes a hypothesis that because this species is related to other sea turtles through common ancestry, they probably all use the same process. This biologist formed her hypothesis using:________

a. A hunch
b. The unifying theory of evolution
c. Experimentation
d. The scientific method
e. Observations of green sea turtles' behavior

Answers

Answer:

Option b

Explanation:

Hypotheses are carried out as proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence which serves as a beginning point for further study.

The biologist in this case has a limited evidence with regards to this species which is just only about its ancestry, so her hypothesis was based on the unifying theory of evolution which is the framework within which biologists ask questions about the living world providing predictions with regards to directions about living things.

The correct answer, unequivocally, is (B).

- This is because she used her knowledge that, from an standpoint of evolution, these turtles were related to each other.

Ground squirrels are found in many areas of the United States. They live in underground burrows and are often attacked by birds of prey, coyotes, and bobcats. Which of the following is a limiting factor for a ground squirrel population? a population of tree squirrels a population of hawks genetic variability breeding season

Answers

Answer:

a population of hawks

Explanation:

hawks are predators and feed on small ground/tree animals, such as squirrels, rabbits. rats,

The number of ground squirrels may be constrained by the presence of predators including bobcats, coyotes, and birds of prey.

What will be the impact of predators in the population?

These predators pressure may lead to fewer individuals in the population, which may alter the distribution of those individuals within the environment. Food and water availability are examples of resources that may be limited.

For instance, the number of ground squirrels will be constrained if it increases too much and there is not enough food to feed it. The number of ground squirrels may also be impacted by environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, and habitat accessibility.

Limiting factors are those that prevent a population from expanding. Predators like birds of prey, coyotes, and bobcats are limiting variables in the case of ground squirrels since they can reduce the squirrel population. Competition for resources like food, water, and shelter may be another limiting issue.

Therefore, the number of ground squirrels may be constrained by the presence of predators.

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Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?

a. Osmosis
b. Active transport
c. Diffusion
d. Facilitated diffusion

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

The movement of substances(ions and molecules) against their concentration gradient is called Active transport.Since these substances are moving against whew they are already in abundance,extra energy is needed for them to move against this gradient.Therefore,ATP.,oxygen is needed by the cells undergoing this transport process to transfer substances into the cells.

It is useful for entry of substances in plants e.g glucose,and for transport of materials in intestine in man

Na-K pumps, exocytosis,endocytosis are examples of this transport process.

It is inhibited by lack of oxygen,cyanide etc.

Active transport is the process that could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings.

Active transport is a type of movement that goes from where the electrochemical potential is lower to where the electrochemical potential is higher.

That is, it is the transport of a substance against its electrochemical gradient with energy input from ATP.

The driving force is linked, here, to the energy derived from cellular metabolism, this energy is provided by the hydrolysis of ATP or some other high-energy nucleotide.

The "pumps" that, at the level of the cell membrane transport Na +, for example, are the best known model.

Therefore, we can conclude that active transport is the process that could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings.

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Adenosine Triphosphate is producer by which of the Organelles? A.Ribosomes B.Mitochondria C. lysosomes C. Gimmiesomes

Answers

Answer: mitochondria

Explanation:

Mitochondria is the power house of the cell which produces energy (Admeosine triphosphatealso called ATP) for the cell

Determine if the statement is true or false, and why. “The key to cell differentiation is that only some of the genes in a cell are expressed at any one time.” A. False, it should read “The key to Protein Synthesis is that only some of the genes in a cell are expressed at any one time.” B. False, it should read “The key to cell differentiation is that only one of the genes in a cell is ever expressed at any one time.” C. True D. False, it should read “The key to cell differentiation is that all of the genes in a cell are expressed at the same time.”

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The statement that “The key to cell differentiation is that only some of the genes in a cell are expressed at any one time.” is TRUE

WHAT IS CELL DIFFERENTIATION?

Cell differentiation is the process by which an immature cell develops into a specialized cell. Cell differentiation is a characteristics of multicellular organisms in which specific cells need to perform specific functions.

For example, in a multicellular organism like humans, we have brain cells, liver cells, kidney cells etc. that take on specific task.

HOW DOES CELL DIFFERENTIATION TAKE PLACE:All cells in the body emanate from stem cells capable of differentiating into any cell type. These stem cells are said to be TOTIPOTENT.

Totipotent cells give rise to specialized cells by the principle of gene expression. Some genes in the cell are expressed at a time while others are turned off. Hence, the genes of the cell that was turned on functions specifically for what they encode.

Therefore, the statement that “The key to cell differentiation is that only some of the genes in a cell are expressed at any one time.” is TRUE.

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what is an allele
A. one chromosome in a pair
B. a homo zygou gen type
C. something that is always dominant
D. a form of a gene

Answers

an allele is a form ofa gene

An allele is a form of a gene without you will be missing a gene

Which statement best describes monsoons?
They force cool, moist air from oceans to rise.
They are winds that blow in the opposite direction of a normal wind.
They bring heavy rain in the winter and in the summer.
They influence precipitation as wind moves near a mountain.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be Option B and C.

Explanation:

Monsoon seems to be a change throughout the course including its predominant hot air flowing from either the south-western oceans of India towards India.The summer monsoon gives a luxurious atmosphere as well as heavy rains to something like the coastline of Asia (south-east), where many monsoon showers of rain undergo their rainy season throughout the winter.

The other choices are not related to the given circumstances. So that Option B & C would be the appropriate choice.

Answer:

Pretty sure its B not sure tho. If its correct, mark as brainliest

Explanation:

Which cell lacks a nucleus?
Muscle cell
Euglena
Fungal cell
Bacterial cell

Answers

prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria cells and muscles cells! Hope this helps

Answer:

Bacterial Cell

Explanation:

Prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria lack a well-defined nucleus as present in normal eukaryotic organism. Rest of the options do have nucleus.

I am generally found both inside and outside of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell! DNA RNA BOTH?

Answers

RNA is found outside of the nucleus wile DNA is found inside the nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, which means the cell's DNA is surrounded by a membrane. Both the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are phospholipid bilayers. The nuclear envelope is punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.In eukaryotes, however, the DNA takes the form of compact chromosomes separated from the rest of the cell by a nuclear membrane.In eukaryotes, the cell's genetic material, or DNA, is contained within an organelle called the nucleus, where it is organized in long molecules called chromosomes.

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52. Which one of the following pairs of vegetable and disease is correctly matched?
CA Cabbage=Carly blight
B. Cucumber Cub root
C. Potato =Black wart
CD. Tomato White rust

Answers

Answer:

D. Tomato White rust.

Explanation:

Hope it helps.

The walls of bronchioles lack

a. elastic tissue

b. columnar epithelium

c. smooth muscle

d. hyaline cartilage

e. ciliated cells​

Answers

It’s D :) :) .......

Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), a German biologist and naturalist, disagreed with von Baer and further expanded on the Meckel–Serres law with his biogenetic law. What does the biogenic law claim?

Answers

Answer:

Simply it states that the  progress of development of an organism is a recapitulation of the organism's evolutionary history, and thus its progeny.

Explanation:

Hence based on this  the stages of developments of  an  embryo  are similar to developments stages seen in  adult forms.Therefore it  is can be stated as recapitulation of  phylogeny by ontogeny . Thus the developmental stages observed in  an embryo, are summary oft he adult forms of  its  progeny.Therefore, studying this  developmental stages in an embryo is in effects studying the diversification of life on earth, and its history.

In summary the developmental stages of the embryo is a good method  to detect the similarities between  taxa, and findings from these can provide evidences that  their is a common ancestry  for  all species of organism on earth.

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