In a reaction that involves more than one step, the step that has the highest energy transition state is the slowest step. This step has the greatest effect on the overall reaction and is called the rate determining step of the reaction.
What is the slowest step in a reaction mechanism?
The rate-determining step is the slowest step in a reaction mechanism. The rate-determining step determines the rate law for the overall reaction by limiting the overall rate.
Why is the slowest step used to determine the rate?
This is because the slowest step takes longer to complete... as there may be multiple other processes involved. For example, a reactant may need to diffuse or migrate to a specific reaction site before another reaction can occur, resulting in the instant production of a product.
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the boulders studied in the investigation described above were deposited by a glacial retreat approximately 14,000 years ago. these boulders then eroded over time to form components of the soil in the forest. describe a different natural occurrence that could lead to soil formation from similar initial conditions.
Soil is essential to our continued existence on Earth, and weathering is a crucial step in the process of soil formation. In other words, weathering is responsible for our existence, so we must take care of the soil.
Although scientists define soil as the loose material that contains organic matter, originates in the top few tens of centimetres of the surface, and is essential for sustaining plant growth, many people refer to any loose substance on the Earth's surface as soil.
A complex blend of minerals (about 45%), organic matter (about 5%), and empty space (about 50%, filled to variable degrees with air and water) makes up soil. Although soil contains a variety of minerals, quartz and clay minerals predominate, with feldspar and tiny rock pieces appearing less frequently.The types of weathering that occur in a given area have a significant impact on the composition and texture of the soil. For instance, soils are more likely to be clay-rich in warm climates where chemical weathering is predominant.
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Is the study of biological diversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
The study of biological diversity and the evolutionary relationships between organisms is called phylogenetics.
Classification is a way of grouping and categorizing based on certain characteristics. One type of classification by looking at the characteristics of the species in which the classification system of living things based on kinship relationships that occur between organisms and adjusted based on the evolutionary process is called phylogenetic classification.
The phylogenetic system is based on how closely related organisms or groups of organisms are. Organisms that are closely related have more characteristics in common than organisms that are more distantly related. Such as morphological, anatomical, physiological, and behavioral features.
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which one of the following is best associated with proteins? a. phosphate linkages b. hydrocarbon rings c. hydrocarbon chains d. amino acids
Amino acids are best associated with proteins. Thus the correct answer is option (D).
The chemical molecule known as an amino acid is one that has both a carboxylic acid (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) functional group.
The carbohydrate molecule known as starch, on the other hand, is composed of monomers known as monosaccharides. A lengthy chain of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms makes up the monosaccharide.
This suggests that the main structural distinction between starch and amino acids is that the former contains nitrogen, whereas the latter does not.
The complete question is:
Which one of the following is best associated with proteins?
a. phosphate linkages
b. hydrocarbon rings
c. hydrocarbon chains
d. amino acids
e. saccharides
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A student designed a model of active transport. In order to refine the model to be more accurate, what should be added to the diagram?
In order to refine the model of an active transport to be more accurate, the addition of ATP being converted to ADP should be added to the model to show that energy is being used to transport materials and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Active transport?This is referred to as the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to that of a region of higher concentration against a gradient with the use of external energy.
ATP being converted to ADP means that energy was used up to transport materials thereby making it the correct choice.
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The options are:
The addition of ADP being converted to ATP should be added to the model to show that energy is being stored during the process.The addition of ATP being converted to ADP should be added to the model to show that energy is being used to transport materials.Nothing should be addedwhat is a function of the skeletal system? multiple choice question. produce movement protect the body from pathogens produce hormones house blood-producing cells
function of the skeletal system Protecting the body from pathogens
An organism that infects its host with disease is referred to as a pathogen, and the severity of the disease symptoms is referred to as virulence. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically diverse organisms. Pathogens, such as bacteria that are targeted by specialist viruses known as phages, impact every living thing.
There are a staggering amount of bacteria and viruses on the planet, and they live in almost every environment. A litre of surface seawater typically has 100 billion viruses and more than ten billion bacteria. According to estimates, there are 1031 viruses on Earth, which is roughly ten billion times as many as there are stars in the universe.
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Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2?
a. external respiration
b. pulmonary ventilation
c. blood pH adjustment
d. internal respiration
Blood pH adjustment is not an event necessary supply to the body with O2 and dispose of CO2.
What is body fuilds?Blood and lymph are the two at main body fluids in to the relative position human body.
In respiration
External ,internal the gaseous exchange took place among CO 2 and O2 the which is further exchange by body fluids by it.
And in pulmonary ventilation lungs are used to the respiratory
But the change of pH in blood is not directly controlled by the gases
So right answer is blood pH adjustment.
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What is the expected size of the world's population in 2050?
O A. There will be too many people for the world to feed.
OB. It will be smaller than today's population.
C. It's expected to be 7.8 billion people.
OD. It will exceed 9 billion people.
Answer:
D. It will exceed 9 billion people
Explanation:
The current world population of 8 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100
aldosterone is: question 5 options: 1) a hormone released by certain cells of the frontal lobe that reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and na+ and water retention. 2) a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates na+ reabsorption and k+ secretion by the kidneys. 3) a hormone released by certain cells of the heart atria that reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and na+ and water retention. 4) hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary; stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine volume.
an adrenal cortex-produced steroid hormone (the outer layer of the adrenal gland). High blood pressure and a buildup of fluid in bodily tissues can result from an excess of aldosterone.
Aldosterone increases the amount of salt and water that the kidneys reabsorb into the blood stream, causing the blood volume to aldosterone increase, salt levels to return, and blood pressure to normal. By retaining sodium inside and releasing potassium from the body, it aids in maintaining the proper balance of water and salts in the kidney.
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monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints. interoceptors somatic sensory receptors special sensory receptors proprioceptors exteroceptors
The exteroceptors is more sophisticated particular senses of sight, smell, and hearing as well as touch, temperature, and pressure sensations.
What is skeletal muscles?
A highly organized tissue with several bundles of muscle fiber called skeletal muscle (myofibers). Each myofiber, which consists of numerous myofibrils, represents a muscle cell, which is composed primarily of sarcomeres.
What is sensory receptors?
Sensory receptors are trained to recognize specific types of stimuli. They transform the stimulus' energy into electric signals as soon as they receive it. The brain and spinal cord receive the electric signal, action potential, or impulses that are thus produced from sensory neurons or afferent neurons.
The more sophisticated particular senses of sight, smell, and hearing as well as touch, temperature, and pressure sensations are all provided by exteroceptors. Proprioceptors keep track of how skeletal muscles and joints are positioned and moving.
Therefore, exteroceptors is more sophisticated particular senses of sight, smell, and hearing as well as touch, temperature, and pressure sensations.
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The internal energy within a system associated with the motion of particles and that can be added to a substance is called _____.
Intrinsic energy is energy that is added to a substance.
What kind of energy go into a system's internal energy?The chaotic, random motion of molecules is known as a system's internal energy; a system's total (internal) energy is made up of both potential and kinetic energy.
What is the internal energy of the system when heat transfer and work are both happening at the same time?The system's heat is equal to the internal energy. Because heat is neither created nor destroyed, when the ambient temperature rises, the system's temperature falls. The system becomes exothermic and negative as a result of the removal of heat.
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one way scientists hope to use the recent knowledge gained about noncoding rnas lies with the possibilities for their use in medicine. of the following scenarios for future research, which would you expect to gain most from rnas?
Scientists who is hoping to use the knowledge gained by a noncoding rnas lies among the Targeting siRNAs which is disable and the expression for any of the allele with autosomal dominant the disease. Option (c) is correct.
SIRNAs is a very the small interfering RNAs that don't function a template at some point of the system of protein synthesis. These RNA molecules are double-stranded and feature approximately 23 nucleotides in total. siRNAs manage the expression of genes that selectively inhibiting the mRNAs.
They manage gene expression on the post-transcriptional stage through selectively cleaving mRNA molecules which have the nucleotide sequences complementary to the siRNA. The siRNA molecules may be used to selectively inhibit the expression of the allele for an autosomal dominant disorder. This selective inactivation of the allele related to the ailment could assist to govern the corresponding genetic disorder.
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Correct Question:
One way scientists hope to use the recent knowledge gained about noncoding RNAs lies with the possibilities for their use in medicine. Of the following scenarios for future research, which would you expect to gain most from RNAs?
A) exploring a way to turn on the expression of pseudogenes
B) targeting siRNAs to disable the expression of an allele associated with autosomal recessive disease
C) targeting siRNAs to disable the expression of an allele associated with autosomal dominant disease
D) creating knock-out organisms that can be useful for pharmaceutical drug design
E) looking for a way to prevent viral DNA from causing infection in humans
which observation is the best sign that a chemical change is happening? PLEASE HELP I NEED AN ANSWER ASAP! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST
Answer: The Answer is : The release of light and heat
Explanation: I did the test
Answer: release of light and heat
Explanation:
The best sign that a chemical change is happening is the formation of a new substance with different properties from the original substances. Here are some observations that indicate a chemical change:
1. Formation of a precipitate: If two clear liquids are mixed and a solid substance (precipitate) forms, it indicates a chemical change. For example, when silver nitrate solution is mixed with sodium chloride solution, a white precipitate of silver chloride forms.
2. Color change: When a substance changes color during a reaction, it suggests a chemical change has occurred. For instance, when iron rusts, it changes from a shiny metallic color to a reddish-brown color.
3. Evolution of gas: If bubbles or gas is produced during a reaction, it signifies a chemical change. An example is when vinegar (acetic acid) reacts with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), it produces carbon dioxide gas, causing bubbles.
4. Temperature change: Sometimes, a chemical reaction causes a noticeable change in temperature. For instance, when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, the solution becomes warmer, indicating a chemical change.
5. Release or absorption of energy: Chemical reactions often involve the release or absorption of energy. This can be observed through light, heat, or sound changes. For example, when wood burns, it releases heat and light, indicating a chemical change.
Remember, these observations alone do not always guarantee a chemical change. It's important to consider multiple indicators to confirm the occurrence of a chemical reaction.
what characteristic of dna allows methylation patterns to be maintained throuh replication and cell devision
Maintenance of such a methylation pattern in DNA during replication is mediated by DNA nucleotide methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) [11], which methylates newly synthesized CpG sequences.
Depending on the methylation status of the template strand, inheritance of DNA methylation through replication occurs easily and rapidly, as newly replicated hypomethylated DNA serves to recruit housekeeping DNA methylases to restore DNA methylation in the newly replicated strand of DNA. Cell division and epigenetic inheritance: DNA replicates in a semi-conservative way. Various DNA replication machines preserve genetic and epigenetic information. DNA methylation patterns are believed to be maintained through mitosis by DNA methyltransferase. Most DNA methylation is essential for normal development and plays a very important role in a number of key processes, including genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation and repeat deletion. transposition and transcription elements and, when dysregulated, contributes to diseases such as cancer.
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The van der waals equation is a modified version of the gas equation that takes into account both the forces between gas particles and the real molecular of the gas particles.
Van der Waals equation is a modification of the ideal gas law and takes into account both the volume of the gas molecules and the attractive forces acting between them.
Van der Waals equation is an equation relating the relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of real gases.
For a real gas containing 'n' moles, the equation is written as;
( P + a n 2 V 2 ) ( V − n b ) = n R T.
Where, P, V, T, n are the pressure, volume, temperature and moles of the gas.
Ideal gas equation is equally valid for any gas, on the other hand the van der Waals equation contains a pair of constants (a and b) that change from gas to gas.
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Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method?
A) belief in a preconceived idea
B) formulate a hypothesis
C) systematic observation
D) laboratory experimentation
E) development of a theory
A) belief in a preconceived idea
The scientific method does not involve holding onto predetermined notions.
Which four steps comprise the scientific method?The procedures for applying the scientific method differ from text to text, but they typically include: defining the issue, gathering background data, formulating a hypothesis, making observations, testing the hypothesis, and drawing conclusions.
Does the scientific approach include holding to predetermined notions?The scientific method is unbiased in that researchers don't allow preconceived notions or prejudices to affect the data collecting, and it is systematic in that experiments are carried out in a logical manner.
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what distinguishes reversible inhibitors from irreversible inhibitors? reversible inhibitors are not covalently bound to enzymes but irreversible inhibitors are. there is an equilibrium between bound and unbound reversible inhibitor. there usually is little back reaction for the binding of an irreversible inhibitor. reversible inhibitors are easier to purify from solutions of enzymes than irreversible inhibitors. all of the above a and b only
The correct option is D : All of the above, In contrast to irreversible inhibitors, reversible inhibitors are not covalently attached to enzymes. Reversible inhibitors are more difficult to isolate from enzyme solutions than irreversible inhibitors.
More substrate with irreversible inhibitors can be added to restore enzyme activity, but not with reversible inhibitors. Reversible enzyme inhibition inactivates enzymes by noncovalent interactions, which is the primary distinction between reversible and irreversible enzyme inhibition. In contrast, irreversible enzyme inhibition renders enzymes inactive by covalently rendering the active site inactive.
In order to prevent the formation of more enzyme-substrate complexes, an irreversible inhibitor will attach to an enzyme. The enzyme will get denatured as a result of its covalent bonding with it at the active site.
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Full Question :
What distinguishes reversible inhibitors from irreversible inhibitors?
A) There is an equilibrium between bound and unbound reversible inhibitor. There usually
is little back reaction for the binding of an irreversible inhibitor.
B) Reversible inhibitors are not covalently bound to enzymes but irreversible inhibitors are.
C) Reversible inhibitors are easier to purify from solutions of enzymes than irreversible
inhibitors.
D) All of the above
E) A and B only
the process in which swollen starch granules rupture causing the amylose to leak and thicken a cooking liquid is called .
The gelatinization process occurs when starch granules are heated in a liquid, causing them to swell and burst, resulting in the liquid thickening. [Note that gelatinization is different from gelation, which is the removal of heat, like ice cream solidifying when frozen.]
The acid hydrolyzes the starch molecule, also decreasing the thickness of the starch paste. The best method of prevention would be to add the acid after the gelatinization of the starch is complete. Cereal starches are more translucent when gelatinized than root starches. The rapid darkening of the avocado pulp is a consequence of its exposure to oxygen in the air, as well as the presence of phenolic compounds in the avocado itself. Gelatinized starch, when chilled for a long enough period. (hours or days), it will thicken (or gel) and settle back into a more crystalline structure; this process is called retrogradation. During cooling, the starch molecules gradually aggregate to form a gel. Retrogradation is one of the vital properties of starch. It refers to a reaction when the starch components begin to realign, resulting in an ordered structure. Syneresis is the process in which a liquid comes out of a gel-like substance.
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which proteins bind guanosine triphosphate (gtp) and act as an intermediate between a receptor and an effector enzyme?
G proteins bind guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and serve as a link between a receptor and an effector enzyme.
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is an individual of the construction blocks wanted for the combination of RNA all along the copy process. Its building is complementary to that of the guanosine nucleoside, the only distinctness being that nucleotides like GTP have phosphates on their ribose carbohydrate.
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) may be taken advantage of as a substrate for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA and RNA) combination, as a strong beginning for protein combining and gluconeogenesis, and as an indicating particle. An enzyme is a meaning that acts as a stimulant in living structures, organizing the rate at that synthetic backlashes originate outside itself and are changed in the process.
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102) auxin enhances cell elongation in all of the these ways except a) increased uptake of solutes. b) gene activation. c) acid-induced denaturation of cell wall proteins. d) increased activity of plasma membrane proton pumps. e) cell wall loosening.
With the exception of acid-induced denaturation of cell wall proteins, auxin promotes cell elongation in all of these ways.
Role of auxin in cell elongation:Cell walls, which are dynamic structures with a tightly controlled balance between rigidity and flexibility, surround the cells of plants. Although walls are extensible to allow for cell expansion, which is induced by a high intracellular turgor pressure, they are rather rigid to give support and protection. A variety of cell sizes and shapes are produced as a result of the regulation of wall characteristics on the differential growth of the cell. It is generally known that the plant hormone auxin promotes cell elongation by lengthening cell walls. Auxin causes the wall to relax, contributing to the modulation of cell wall characteristics.
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blood flow is largely regulated at a tissue level. which of the following could be said regarding this process? a. a rise in the blood level of o2 will result in vasodilation b. a raised co2 level results in vasodilation c. acidaemia directly increases vasopressin (adh) release d. a raised co2 blood level will result in an increased serum alkalinity
option b is the right for this a raised co2 level results in vasodilation
Is CO2 a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?Most previous studies indicate that the vasoactive action of CO2 is dependent on the initial PAP; during basal tone condition, CO2 is a mild vasoconstrictor, whereas at high pulmonary vascular resistance, it is a potent vasodilator
What causes vasodilation?Vasodilation occurs when the smooth muscle located in the blood vessel walls relax. Relaxation can be due to either removal of a contractile stimulus or inhibition of contractility.
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quizl;et parasitology all of the following are correct about helminths except they generally make only a few eggs per day. their eggs and larvae are vulnerable to heat. as parasites, their reproductive organs are their most developed organs. tapeworms and pinworms are two examples. they are not all parasites, although some are.
The following is incorrect about helminths: a) Typically, they only lay a few eggs every day. This is because they produce thousands of eggs each day.
Eggs that are transferred in the feces of infected persons are what cause soil-transmitted helminths to spread. Adult worms lay hundreds of eggs daily in the colon where they reside. These eggs infect the soil in places with poor sanitation. Several things might cause this to occur:
Eggs of helminths are consumed via polluted water sources, eggs are ingested from vegetables that have eggs attached to them, eggs are ingested by kids who play in contaminated dirt and then put their hands in their mouths without washing them, and eggs are ingested from vegetables that have eggs attached to them.
Additionally, hookworm larvae that develop into a form that can actively pierce the skin are released when their eggs hatch in the soil. The main way that people get hookworm is by going barefoot on the contaminated ground. The eggs of helminths carried in feces must develop in the soil for about 3 weeks before they become infectious, thus there is no direct person-to-person transmission or infection from fresh feces.
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Place the following steps of phagocytosis in the order that they occur:
1) Endosome fuses with lysozome
2) Dendritic cell engulfs Rhinovirus
3) Epitopes are attached to MHC-II
4) Digestion of the Rhinovirus
5) MHC-II plus the attached epitope move to the outside of the dendritic cell
cd4+ t cells are activated by interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
What is MHC molecule?Antigens are foreign proteins that enter the host body through an infection. Antigens are generally high molecular weight proteins or polysaccharides. Viruses and bacteria contain antigen on their surface or inside the body.Epitope is the molecular region on the surface of the antigen which interacts with the antibody binding site on the antigen. Epitopes are capable of stimulating an immune response so, these are also known as antigenic determinants. Binding between the receptor and epitopes occurs when they both fit together like a puzzle, that event is necessary to activate B-cell production of antibodies.A sizable region of vertebrate DNA called the major histocompatibility complex houses a group of closely related polymorphic genes that code for the cell surface proteins needed by the adaptive immune system. These MHC molecules are cell surface proteins.A controlled, efficient immune response to pathogens depends on CD4+T cells. After interacting with the antigen-MHC complex, naive CD4+T cells become activated and undergo specialized subtype differentiation that is largely influenced by the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment.Hence the correct answer is interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
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Which of the following correctly matches the phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle with an event that takes place in that phase?
a. G2 phase—mitosis
b. G1 phase—DNA synthesis
c. S phase—cell growth
d. M phase—cytokinesis
The correct answer is D : M phase—cytokinesis , The M phase is made up of two processes: cytokinesis (or cell division), in which the cytoplasm of the cell divides in half to create two distinct daughter cells, and mitosis, in which the cell's chromosomes are distributed equally between the two daughter cells.
While cytokinesis involves the division of the cytoplasm to create two separate, new daughter cells, mitosis involves the division and duplication of the cell's nucleus or the separation of duplicated chromosomes.
The main distinction between cytokinesis and mitosis is thus this. Meiosis and mitosis are the two distinct cell division processes.
Two genetically identical daughter cells are produced during mitotic cell division from a parent cell.
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i have a test tomorrow Ó╭╮Ò
Analyze the relationships among the key terms ATP, NADP+, and ATP synthase.
Answer: ATP synthase binds ADP and phosphate to produce ATP.
Explanation:
Which of the following is a characteristic of life?
A.) growth and heredity
B.) metabolism
C.) homeostasis
D.) all of the above
Which letter choice is correct? A, B, C, or D?
Answer:
A.) Growth and heredity
Explanation:
in the respiratory cascade there are two steps where electrons must be carried from one respiratory complex to another respiratory complex. which one of the following choices lists 1) a lipid soluble electron carrier and 2) a water soluble electron carrier that each carry electrons from one respiratory complex to another?
1)Coenzymes are organic compounds that many enzymes require for catalytic activity.The correct option (b) Coenzyme
2)The cytochrome complex, or cyt c, is a tiny hemeprotein found loosely connected with the mitochondrion's inner membrane. The correct option (b) Cytochrome C
What is coenzyme and its function?
A coenzyme is an organic molecule that binds to the active sites of specific enzymes to aid in reaction catalysis. Coenzymes, in particular, can act as intermediate carriers of electrons during these processes or be transmitted as functional groups across enzymes.
What is the function of cytochrome c?
Cytochrome c is well recognized for its role in the mitochondria as a vital player in the life-sustaining process of ATP production. When a cell is exposed to an apoptotic stimulus, cytochrome c is released into the cytoplasm, resulting in programmed cell death by apoptosis.
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Full Question :In the respiratory cascade there are two steps where electrons must be carried from one respiratory complex to another respiratory complex. Which ONE of the following choices lists 1) a lipid soluble electron carrier and 2) a water soluble electron carrier that each carry electrons from one respiratory complex to another?
a. 1) NADH 2) Cytochrome C
b. 1) Cytochrome C 2) Iron Sulfur protein
c. 1) Coenzyme Q 2) Cytochrome C
d. 1) NADH 2) FADH2
e. 1) Iron Sulfur protein 2) Coenzyme Q
A virus is an infectious agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
Apply your knowledge of cell types, structures, and functions to explain why viruses are not considered cells.
Viruses cannot be considered cells because of the following reasons:
1) Viruses, unlike cells, lack a structural membrane. It only has a protein coat with genetic material inside, whereas a cell has a cell wall and a cell membrane with various proteins on the membrane that allow molecules to be transferred.
2) The virus is not growing. It functions as a non-living entity in the absence of a host. After attaching to a host, it uses the host cell machinery to perform all of its tasks and replicate itself, whereas a cell can perform almost all of its important functions on its own and can grow in size and shape.
Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of an organism which is responsible for various metabolic activities. It consists of a cell membrane, cell organelles, nucleus with genetic material and cytoplasm. Viruses are just genetic material covered with protein coat which neither shows any metabolic activities like growth or homeostasis nor it live by itself as it requires the host's body to replicate its genetic material.
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photoreceptors of the eye include rods and cones. which one is responsible for interpreting color; which can function only under conditions of high light intensity?
The photoreceptors which responsible for interpreting color and function under conditions of high light intensity is cone cells.
Cone vs Rod cellsThe retina is filled with 150 million light-sensitive cells. Photoreceptors are the cells in the retina that respond to light. There are two types of photoreceptors : cone and rod photoreceptors.
Cone photoreceptors are located in the central portion. It contains proteins named photopsins. Cones are activated by bright light and aid the eye to see color. There are 3 subtypes of cones : blue, red and green, which each of them sensitive to various wavelengths of light. For example : Red light stimulate the red cones.
Rod photoreceptors are sensitive to low-light levels. It assist the eye in night vision and seeing in black and white. In a dim room, we use mainly our rods. The protein contained in this photoreceptor is called as rhodopsin. This photoreceptors are more numerous in the periphery of the retina.
Signals from the photoreceptors are sent through the optic nerve to the brain for processing.
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how do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their dna and are just about to begin meiosis 1 they have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of dna 2 they have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount dna 3?
Cells at the completion of meiosis have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA than that who have replicated their dna and are just about to begin meiosis.
The cells which are produced at the end of meiosis in cell division have half the number of chromosomes (also termed as Haploid), so they will have half the number of chromosomes and same amount DNA as that of the parent cell as DNA divides and makes a copy of the parent cell DNA. But after Replication one-fourth the amount of DNA will be there compared to the cell that have completed meiosis. It is a complex task. It still needs to separate sister chromatids (the two halves of a duplicated chromosome), as in mitosis. But it must also separate homologous chromosomes, the similar but nonidentical chromosome pairs an organism receives from its two parents.
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90) what is the probable role of salicylic acid in the defense responses of plants? a) destroy pathogens directly b) activate systemic acquired resistance of plants c) close stomata, thus preventing the entry of pathogens d) activate heat-shock proteins e) sacrifice infected tissues by hydrolyzing cells
The role of salicylic acid in plant defense responses is b) activating systemically acquired plant resistance
Growth hormone is an organic compound both naturally occurring and man-made that can promote plant growth and development. Hormones control plant growth and development, by influencing cell division, cell elongation, and cell differentiation.
Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound that plays a role in regulating plant growth. These phenolic compounds can increase plant growth and have an effect on protecting the development of antistress programs. Resistance to disease in the process of plant production can be achieved by using biopesticides through the induction of systemic resistance by increasing secondary metabolites with salicylic acid. Salicylic acid plays an important role in induced systemic resistance in response to pathogenic infections. The mechanism of plant resistance to disease can be in the form of physical or chemical resistance. Salicylic acid is more dominant to overcome the attack of biotrophic pathogens.
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