In 18th century, what was the main reason of slow down of Indian Foreign Trade

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Introduction to India’s Foreign Trade:

Even being a typical poor underdeveloped country, India’s foreign trade was in a prosperous state during the period under review. In terms of volume of trade and the range of commodities entering into trading list, India was better placed compared to other contemporary underdeveloped countries. But that must not be viewed as an indicator of prosperity. Above all, her pattern of trade was definitely different from those of other underdeveloped countries.

India’s composition of trade (i.e., pattern of imports and exports) before 1813 included manufactured goods as well as primary articles in export list and metals and luxury products in the import list. But such pattern of trade was supplanted by the import of manufactured goods and exports of agricultural raw materials and food grains during much of the nineteenth and twentieth century. This must not be the sign of prosperity or cause for jubilation.

Explanation:

Rather, this situation generated much heat and controversy because, instead of being an engine of growth, foreign trade, as engineered by the British Government, exacerbated economic exploita­tion. It hampered the process of industrialization. It brought untold misery to the masses. Most importantly, of course partly the backwardness of Indian industry and agriculture is ‘the effect of its external trade which moulded into shape the productive mechanism of the country.’

To understand the nature of the controversy it will be fruitful to tell something about the history of India’s foreign trade during 1757 and 1947. The growth of foreign trade during the two centuries can be divided into following unequal periods: 1757 to 1813, 1814 to 1857, 1858 to 1914, and from 1915 to 1947.

The first period—the early years of the British East India Company (EIC)—is known as the ‘age of mercantilism’. During the period under consideration trade statistics is not available. However, some sort of institutional changes in trade took place during this period.

In the mid-18th century, Indian foreign trade was mainly conducted by the English, Dutch, French, and Portuguese traders and merchants. But the revolution of 1757 strengthened the supremacy of the British EIC. In the process, the EIC monopolized trade and ousted the other merchants and traders.


Related Questions

Tony, Juan, and Isabel live in a city where the combined state and local sales tax rate is 8%. They each purchased the same computer and paid $160 in sales tax. A 5-column table has 3 rows. The first column has entries Tony, Juan, Isabel. The second column is labeled Income with entries 10,000, 50,000, 75,000. The third column is labeled Cost of computer with entries 2,000, 2,000, 2,000. The fourth column is labeled Sales tax paid with entries 160, 160, 160. The fifth column is labeled tax rate with entries 1.6 percent, 0.32 percent, and 0.21 percent. This scenario describes a tax system. Isabel pays Tony and Juan on the computer. pays the highest tax rate on the computer. would be the most affected by an increase in the sales tax rate.

Answers

Answer:

Tony pays the highest tax rate on the computer, not based on the nominal sales tax rate, but on the percentage that the tax represents of his total income.

His income is $10,000, and he pays $160 in sales tax, for an effective rate of 1.6%.

The person who would be the most affected by an increase in the sales tax rate is again, Tony, simply because he has the lowest income. Juan and Isabel would also be affected by a sales tax increase, but on a much lower scale (because their incomes are also a lot larger).

a) The scenario described by the 5-column table with 3 rows showed that Tony paid the highest tax rate (effective) on the computer, based on his income level.

b) Tony would be the most affected by an increase in the sales tax rate because his effective tax rate would increase, causing him to suffer the most.

What is a sales tax?

A sales tax is a proportional tax that charges the same percentage on the consumption of goods and services without considering a person's income level.

Data and Calculations:

Tax Payer    Income      Cost of Computer   Sales Tax Paid   Tax Rate

Tony          $10,000              $2,000                      $160           1.6%

Juan           50,000                 2,000                        160           0.32%

Isabel         75,000                 2,000                        160           0.21% ($160/$75,000 x 100)

Thus, this scenario of a tax system illustrates that sales tax is not progressive, but it is proportional since it is based on consumption and not income level.

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which statement about capital gains taxes is true?

A. they increase the general price of services
B. they make the consumption of certain goods more expensive
C. they reduce the profit that can be made from an investment
D. they make home ownership more expensive

Answers

Answer:

C.

Explanation:

Capital Gain Taxes are the taxes paid by people on the capital gain. Capital gain can be defined as a rise in the value of an investment than the purchase value. In simple terms, when a price of a capital asset increases in the market than the price used for the purchase, the investor has to pay the capital gain taxes.

From the given options, the correct statement for the capital gain taxes is option C. It reduces the profit earning from the investments. The investor has to pay the tax according to the tax bracket which varies from 0%, 15% or 20%.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Becton labs, inc., produces various chemical compounds for industrial use. one compound, called fludex, is prepared using an elaborate distilling process. the company has developed standard costs for one unit of fludex, as follows:

Answers

Answer:

The company has developed standard costs for one unit of fludex, as follows:  During November, the following activity was recorded relative to production of fludex.

Explanation:

1) Real Price in Material Price Variance = 225000/12000 = 18.75

2) Standard Quantity in Material Quantity Variance = 3750*2.5 = 9375

3) Real Quantity in Material Quantity Variance = 12000 - 2500 = 9500

4) Real Hours in Labor Rate Variance/Labor efficiency Variance = 35*160 = 5600

5) Common Hours in Labor efficiency Variance/Variable Overhead efficiency Variance = 1.4*3750 = 5250

6) Real Rate in Variable Overhead Rate Variance = 18200/5600 = 3.25

Anna Maria made quarterly deposits to her savings account each quarter over a 4-year period. The account pays 8% compounded quarterly and each deposit was for $250. Anna wishes to purchase some artwork for a birthday gi6 for her favorite aunt. How much does she have available to make her gi6 purchase?

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer will be "$4659.83".

Explanation:

The given values are:

Deposit amount

= $250

Account pays

= 8%

Time period

= 4 years

As we know,

⇒  Future value = Deposit Amount × FVAV (r, n)

On putting the estimated values, we get

⇒                         = [tex]250\times FVAV[\frac{8 \ percent}{4}, (4\times 4)][/tex]

⇒                         = [tex]250\times FVAV (2 \ percent, 16)[/tex]

⇒                         = [tex]250\times 18.6393[/tex]

⇒                         = $[tex]4659.83[/tex]

Note : % = percent

Unlimited wants + limited resources = what is the answer?

Answers

Answer:

People never get enough of what they want or need

Explanation:

Unlimited wants and needs are one half of the basic troubles of scarcity that has troubled humanity since the beginning of time. The other half of the scarcity problem is limited resources. The reason why we always want something is because our brains are actually made to be attracted to novelty. So, we always seek ti learn new things and experiences.

(I hope this was accurate and helpful)

What is the answer to number 2?

Answers

Answer:

$6.9

Explanation:

If gallon of milk cost 1.12 in 1970, we can calculate the expected price in 2009 per gallon of milk using the proportion below:

2009 price/214.5 = $1.12/38.8

=>Find the expected price of 2009 by cross multiplying

38.8 × 2009 price = 1.12 × 214.5

38.8 × 2009 price = 240.24

=>Divide both sides by 38.8

2009 price = 240.24/38.8

2009 price = 6.19175258 ≈ 6.19

Expected price of gallon of milk in 2009 = $6.19

There are now twice as many people in the household, but your income has also doubled. Is your new tax liability about twice as much as when you were single, more than twice as much, or less than twice as much? Tell whether you think this difference- or the lack of one- seems fair

Answers

Answer:

It is fair because due to marriage the resources tends to accumulate and thus the common expenses like living housing eating costs goes down than they were sustaining when they were not married.

Explanation:

Solution

It will result in higher tax due to the marginal rate rising due to increase in income plus due to joint filing after marriage.

The difference seems to be fair from the point of view that due to marriage the resources become pooled and thus the common expenses like living housing eating costs come down than they were incurring when they were single. Hence, they can now afford to pay higher taxes and it kind of does seem fair.

An investment offers to double your money in 30 months (don’t believe it). What rate per six months are you being offered? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Rate %

Answers

Answer:

9.05%

Explanation:

The formula that would be used to fund the interest rate =

[(FV / PV)^1/N ] - 1

FV / PV = Future value/ present value = 2 (The investment offers to double the investment)

M = 5 (30 months / 6 months )

(2 ^1/8) - 1 = 0.090508 = 9.05%

I hope my answer helps you

Petra is paying her ten employees for 40 hours a week 52 weeks each year. In 2007 Petra spent___ on wages for her employees each week. When the minimum wage rose in 2009, Petra had to increase her annual budget for wage from 2008 by___.

Answers

Complete question:

Petra owns a coffee shop. She has ten employees.In 2007, she paid her employees minimum wage ($5.85 an hour).In 2008, the minimum wage increased to $6.55 an hour.In 2009, the minimum wage increased to $7.25 an hour. Petra is paying her ten employees for 40 hours a week 52 weeks each year. In 2007 Petra spent___ on wages for her employees each week. When the minimum wage rose in 2009, Petra had to increase her annual budget for wage from 2008 by___

Answer: $2340 ; $14,560

Explanation:

Given the following :

2007 minimum wage = $5.85/ hour

2008 minimum wage = $6.55/ hour

2009 minimum wage = $7.25/ hour

Number of Employees = 10

Number of hours = 40 hours per week for 52 weeks

Amount spent on wages per week in 2007:

Minimum wage × number of employees × number of hours per week

= $5.85 × 10 × 40 = $2340

B.)

wage increase between 2008 - 2009:

$7.25/hour - 6.55/hour = $0.7/hour

Therefore, increase in annual budget equals:

Wage increase × number of employees × number of hours per week × number of weeks

= $0.7 × 10 × 40 × 52 = $14,560

Answer:

$2340 ; $14,560

on E2020 HAVE A GREAT DAY!!! :)

1. If the risk-free return were 4.0% and a security's beta coefficient were 2.0, what would be the required rate of return for the security? 4% 5% 10% 14% 2. If the risk-free return (inflation) increases by 2 percentage points, the required rate of return stays the same for all securities increases the same 2 percentage points for all securities increases for some securities and decreases for others depending on the beta coefficient cannot be determined without more information 3. If the risk-free return (inflation) increases by 2 percentage points, then for the security market line both the y-intercept and the slope remain the same the y-intercept changes and the slope remains the same the y-intercept remains the same and the slope changes both the y-intercept and the slope change

Answers

Answer:

1. Use CAPM to solve

Required Return = Risk Free Rate + beta(market premium)

= 4% + 2(5%)

= 14%

2. Increases the same 2 percentage points for all securities

If the risk-free return increases by 2%, then it would become 6%.

The required return becomes;

= 6% + 2(5%)

= 16%

Required return increases by 2% to 16%.

3. The y-intercept changes and the slope remains the same.

The formula for the Security Market Line is the CAPM formula.

The normal formula for a line takes the form;

y = mx + c

Where c is the y intercept and m is the slope.

The CAPM formula is the same at;

R = rF + brM

The beta is the slope and the risk free rate is the y intercept. If the risk-free rate increases by 2% then the y-intercept will change by those 2 percentage points but the beta will remain the same.

Which of these best states why someone would use a budget? A. People need to keep a budget to know how much income tax to pay. B. Having a budget is the only way to get a government appropriation. C. Budgets help people keep their expenses below their income. D. Fixed expenses can be reduced by using a strict budget.


2b2t

Answers

Answer: C. Budgets help people keep their expenses below their income.

Explanation: The act of budgeting could be explained as a process of keeping track of one's income or revenue as well as spending or expenses over a certain period of time. This is particularly necessary in other to ensure that one maintains a reasonable spending behavior which ensures that spending does not outweigh revenue. This will ensure that such individual is safe from excessive debt. With the aid of a budget, one can avoid unnecessary financial strain on expected revenue through thorough planning of expenses and avoiding spending activities beyond one's revenue bracket.

Creative Chronometer, Inc. is planning to launch a new brand of watches for kids. Similar watches are available in the market for $56. In order to penetrate the market, the company plans to use target pricing and desires a 28% net profit markup on total cost. Calculate the target cost. (Round your answer to the nearest cent.) $71.68 $43.75 $40.32 $15.68

Answers

Answer: $43.75

Explanation:

Given the following :

Markup on total cost = 28%

Projected selling price (price of similar products) = $56

Target cost = projected selling price - desired profit

Desired profit = 28% of target cost

Assume target cost = a

a = 56 - 28%a

a = 56 - 0.28a

a + 0.28a = 56

1.28a = 56

a = 56 / 1.28

a = 43.75

Therefore, target cost 'a' equals $43.75

Suppose Baa-rated bonds currently yield 6%, while Aa-rated bonds yield 4%. Now suppose that due to an increase in the expected inflation rate, the yields on both bonds increase by 1%. What would happen to the confidence index? (Round your answers to 4 decimal places.)

Answers

Answer:

Initial confidence index 66.67%

New confidence index 71.4%

Explanation:

Calculation of what would happen to the

confidence index

Using this formula

Confidence index=(Average yield for high grate bonds)/(Average yield for intermediate graded bonds)

Let plug in the formula

Initial confidence index=4%/6%

=0.6667 ×100

=66.67%

Due to increase in the yields the New Confidence Index will be;

New confidence index

=(4%+1%)/(6%+1%)

=5%/7%=0.7142857 or 0.714

0.714×100=71.4%

Hence, the New Confidence index tend to indicates slightly higher confidence and the reason for the increase in the index is the expectation of higher inflation.

Emery Mining Inc. recently reported $147,500 of sales, $75,500 of operating costs other than depreciation, and $10,200 of depreciation. The company had $16,500 of outstanding bonds that carry a 7.25% interest rate, and its federal-+-state income tax rate was 25%. How much was the firm's net income? The firm uses the same depreciation expense for tax and stockholder reporting purposes. (Round your intermediate and final answers to two decimal places.) a. $35,847.12 b. $38,604.59 c. $36,634.97 d. $45,452.81 e. $47,664.85

Answers

Answer: D.) $45,452.81

Explanation:

Given the following :

Sales = $147,500

Operating expenses = $75,500

Depreciation = $10,200

Outstanding bonds = $16,500

Interest rate on bonds = 7.25% = 0.0725

federal-+-state income tax rate = 25% = 0.25

Net income =?

Net income can be calculated as follows:

Net income = (Sales - Operating Expenses - Depreciation - (Outstanding bond value × Interest rate)) × (1 - Tax rate)

Net income = ($147,500 - $75,500 - $10,200 - ($16,500 × 0.0725)) × (1 - 0.25)

Net income = ($147,500 - $75,500 - $10,200 - $1,196.25) × 0.75

Net income = $60,603.75 × 0.75

Net income = $45,452.81

The firm's net income is :  $45,452.81

What is Net income?

Net income represents the difference between revenues and expenses. The expenses include both operating and non-operating expenses. An income statement is prepared to determine the net income.

Net income

= (Sales revenue - Operating costs - Depreciation - Interest expense) * (1 - Tax rate)

= $147,500 - $75,500 - $10,200 - ($16,500 * 7.25%) * (1 - 0.25)

= $147,500 - $75,500 - $10,200 - $1,196.25) × 0.75

= $60,603.75 × 0.75

= $45,452.81

Therefore, the firm's net income is $45,452.81

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Who reports to the board of directors

Answers

Answer:

brainly users report the questions and the brainly monitor selects the report questions and delete ones that they do not like

Explanation:

hope this helps you :)

Scenario: Mary Willis is the advertising manager for Bargain Shoe Store. She is currently working on a major promotional campaign. Her ideas include the installation of a new lighting system and increased display space that will add $24,000 in fixed costs to the $270,000 in fixed costs currently spent. In addition, Mary is proposing a 5% price decrease ($40 to $38) will produce a 20% increase in sales volume (20,000 to 24,000). Variable costs will remain at $24 per pair of shoes. Management is impressed with Mary's ideas but concerned about the effects these changes will have on the break-even point and the margin of safety. Compute the margin of safety ratio for current operations and after Mary's changes are introduced (Round to nearest full percent)

Answers

Answer:

Instructions are below.

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Before:

Fixed costs= 270,000

Selling price= $40

Unitary variable cost= $24

Sales in units= 20,000

After:

Fixed costs= 294,000

Selling price= $38

Unitary variable cost= $24

Sales in units= 24,000

First, we need to calculate the break-even point in units:

Break-even point in units= fixed costs/ contribution margin per unit

Before:

Break-even point in units= 270,000/ (40 - 24)

Break-even point in units= 16,875 units

After:

Break-even point in units= 294,000/14

Break-even point in units= 21,000 units

Now, the margin of safety ratio:

Margin of safety ratio= (current sales level - break-even point)/current sales level

Before:

Margin of safety ratio= (20,000 - 16,875)/20,000

Margin of safety ratio= 0.156

After:

Margin of safety ratio= 3,000/24,000

Margin of safety ratio= 0.125

Drug trafficking is a menace in our society, suggest 5 possible solutions to drug trafficking in the world

Answers

Answer:

Drug trafficking is a critical concern in the modern world.

Explanation:

Limiting the prescription of addicting drugs and looks for natural remedies.If there are specialized task force officials in each state dedicated to minimizing drug trafficking, then that will also possibly restrict the number of people participating in this trade.A comprehensive program that deals with illicit and illegal substances for sale.Offer victims counseling, rehabilitation, and recovery treatment.Although sound controversial legalization of drugs and its systematic monitoring removes the need for drug trafficking.

Job A3B was ordered by a customer on September 25. During the month of September, Jaycee Corporation requisitioned $2,300 of direct materials and used $3,800 of direct labor. The job was not finished by the end of the month, but needed an additional $2,800 of direct materials and additional direct labor of $6,100 to finish the job in October. The company applies overhead at the end of each month at a rate of 200% of the direct labor cost incurred. What is the balance in the Work in Process account at the end of September relative to Job A3B?

Answers

Answer: $13,700

Explanation:

Given the following :

Month of September:

Direct materials = $2300

Direct labor used = $3800

Overhead = 200% of direct labor cost incurred

Therefore September overhead :

200% × $3800

2 × $3800 = $7,600

Work in process account at the end of September :

Direct labor cost + direct material cost + overhead

$3800 + $2300 + $7600 = $13,700

How will you make your decision about whether to open the new exhibit?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

When making a decision about whether or not to open a new exhibit the main thing that you would need to take into consideration would be the probability of success. This is created by taking into account various factors that would affect it, such as target audience population, pricing, inventory, as well as previous exhibit success or failure. Once all of this is taken into account, then a proper decision can be made.

The demand for tickets to the Katy Perry concert​ (Q) is given as​ follows: Q​ = ​120,000minus−​2,000P The marginal revenue is given​ as: MR​ = 60minus−.001Q The stadium at which the concert is planned holds​ 60,000 people. The marginal cost of each additional concert goer is essentially zero up to​ 60,000 fans, but becomes infinite beyond that point. Refer to Scenario 4. Given the information​ above, what are the​ profit-maximizing number of tickets sold and the price of​ tickets?

Answers

Answer:

Q = 60,000

P = 30

Explanation:

Given:

Q​ = ​120,000 - ​2,000P

MR​ = 60 - 0.001Q

Number of people can hold = 60,000

Computation:

Q​ = ​120,000 - ​2,000P

2,000P = 120,000 - Q

P = [120,000 - Q]2,000

P = 60 - 0.0005Q

Total revenue(TR) = PQ

Total revenue(TR) = [60 - 0.0005Q]Q

So,

​ Profit-maximizing number

MR = MC , MC = 0

60 - 0.001Q = 0

Q = 60,000

P = 60 - 0.0005Q

P = 60 - 0.0005(60,000)

P = 60 - 30

P = 30

describe the similarities and differences between partnerships and sole proprietorships

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

In the case of a small business, a sole proprietorship or the partnership model is usually the most suitable. A sole proprietorship is a business owned and controlled by one individual, while a partnership is a business owned and managed by more than one person but less than twenty people.

A firm issued $15 million in preferred stock at a price of $3.25 per share. The preferred shares carry a 13% dividend, or $0.43 annually. After paying fees and costs, the firm realizes $2.89 per share issued. What is the cost of capital for this issuance of preferred stock?

Answers

Answer:

14.8%

Explanation:

Cost of capital for preferred stock can be calculated by a simple formula

Formula: Cost of preferred capital = dividend/(Current price - floatation cost)

As you can see in the question data current price - floatation cost and dividend is already given as $2.89 and $0.43 respectively. We just need to put values in formula.

Cost of preferred capital = $0.43/$2.89 x 100

Cost of preferred capital = 14.8%

Which of the following is a protected class?
A. Educational status
B. Marketers
C. Benefits
D. Age

Answers

Answer:

D. Age

Explanation:

Protected class refers to the class in which the employees protected from discrimination by law. It can be in terms of age, religion, race, color etc. The persons who have age of 40 years or above is covered under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA).

Therefore according to the given situation the correct answer is D.




There are several steps you can take to reduce the potential of being a victim
of consumer fraud, including.

Answers

Answer:

Here are some steps to be taken to avoid being a victim of consumer fraud:

Spot Imposters: Scammers often pretend to be someone else, especially one you can trust, like a government official.Online searching: Search about the company of product online to see if it is legit or not.Don't pay in advance: Scammers always try to get money in advance, in terms of taxes or fees.Discuss with someone: Before giving someone your money, talk to someone you trust or preferably to an expert.Personal information: Don't given any unknown person your personal information, money, or any kind of financial details

the team is struggling to agree on the story point sizing of a new user story. The PO was previously a related domain expert and feels the team is wasting time. What should he do?

Answers

Answer:

Continue to support the team's decision on sizing.

Explanation:

User story is usually written by a product owner and it is created to making sure that what the customer requires are well documented and clear to all the parties involved before rolling out the product.

The product team would usually deliberate upon the story presented by the product owner and come up with an agreed user story after point sizing and deliberation .

While the team is struggling coming to terms with an acceptable user story with regards to the above; the product owner who is a expert in domain expert and who feels the team is wasting time has no choice than to continue to support the team's decision on sizing because she is part of the team and moreover, product owners are more team oriented unlike product managers who are business oriented.

If a firm's business activities do not result in profit maximization, whilst alternatives exist, then such activities amount to irresponsible actions. Discuss any five sets of economic responsibilities firms must embrace to ensure the protection and enhancement of the business

Answers

Answer:

For companies progress the employer should go for long process in which they can embrace the customer with attractive and responsive policies.

Explanation:

Now, these days companies are coming in front with the issues and responsibilities focus on the rights of women, to protect the environment, to attempt the action to literate the poor people at the level of national, international, and global levels. The companies that want to attract people at a global level they share an attractive hoarding for a customer as well as the shareholders.

To become responsible the company can use the image and be built the brand of the company.Social responsibility makes the employee responsible and encourages them to do something worthwhile for society.Social responsibility can empower the employee.To promote the social responsibilities that can boost the morale of employees.

Mcdale Inc. produces and sells two products. Data concerning those products for the most recent month appear below: Product I49V Product Z50U Sales $ 49,000 $ 54,000 Variable expenses $ 13,700 $ 27,500 The fixed expenses of the entire company were $39,030. The break-even point for the entire company is closest to:

Answers

Answer: $27,917.30

Explanation:

Given the following :

Products - - - - - 149V - - - - - - - Z50U

Sales - - - - - - - 49,000 - - - - - 54,000

Variable exp. - -13700 - - - - - - 27500

Company's overall fixed expense = $39,030

Break-even point for entire company ;

(Fixed expense / overall company's contribution margin ratio)

overall company's contribution margin ratio;

Total contribution margin / total sales

Contribution margin of product 149V:

(49,000 + 13700) = 62700

Contribution margin of product Z50U:

(54000 + 27500) = 81500

TOTAL CONTRIBUTION MARGIN :

(62700 + 81500) = $144,200

Total sales = (49000 + 54000) = $103,000

Contribution margin ratio:

Total contribution margin / total sales

144,000 / 103000 = 1.3980582

break even point in dollars :

(Fixed expense / overall company's contribution margin ratio)

$39,030 / 1.3980582

= $27917.291

= $27,917.30

can someone answer me this please

Answers

Answer:

Higher fixed costs and Deteriorating net cash flow postion

Explanation:

in an arithmetic progression U5=-1/2 and S7=21 find a, d and U9​

Answers

Answer:

The value of a, d, and U9 is "[tex]\bold{ \frac{27}{2}, - \frac{7}{2}, \ and , - \frac{29}{2}}[/tex]".

Explanation:

Given:

[tex]U_5=-\frac{1}{2}\\\\S_7=21[/tex]

Find:

a, d, U9=?

formula:

[tex]T_n=a+(n-1)d\\\\S_n=\frac{n}{2}(2a+(n+1)d)[/tex]

Solve:

[tex]\to U_5 = a+4d= -\frac{1}{2}\\\ \to 2a+8d= -1\\\ \to 2a= -1-8d....(a)\\\\ \to S_7 =\frac{7}{2}(2a+(7-1)d)\\\\ \to S_7 =\frac{7}{2}(2a+6d)\\\\ \to 21= \frac{7}{2} (2a+6d)\\\\ \ put \ the \ 2a \ value\\\\ \to 21= \frac{7}{2} ((-1-8d)+6d)\\\\ \to 21= \frac{7}{2} (-1-8d+6d)\\\\ \to 21= \frac{7}{2} (-1-2d)\\\\ \to \frac{21 \times 2}{7}= -1 -2d\\\\ \to 6 = -1 -2d\\\\ \to 2d=-7\\\\ \to d= -\frac{7}{2}[/tex]

put the value of d in equation a:

[tex]\to 2a= -1-8 \times \frac{-7}{2}\\\\\to 2a= -1+ 28\\\\\to 2a= 27\\\\\to a =\frac{27}{2}\\[/tex]

[tex]\to \bold{U_9 = a+8d}\\\\[/tex]

put a and b value in above equation:

[tex]\to U_9 = \frac{27}{2}+8\times\frac{-7}{2} \\\\\to U_9 = \frac{27}{2}- 28\\\\\to U_9 = \frac{27-56}{2}\\\\\to U_9 = \frac{-29}{2}\\\\[/tex]

Norm and his creative team need to present an idea for marketing a new detergent to the head of their advertising agency. Diane, a member of the team, always resented Norm’s promotion to team leader. She objects to every idea Norm suggests and spends the entire meeting selling her approach. Diane hopes that this will be a chance to show her skills to the head of the agency. This is known as

Answers

Answer: goal displacement

Explanation:

Goal displacement is when individuals or organizations substitute alternate goals for the original goals that they were meant to accomplish.

In this case, we are told that Norm and his creative team need to present an idea for marketing a new detergent to the head of their advertising agency but that Diane, a member of the team, always resented Norm’s promotion to team leader and always objects to every idea Norm suggests and spends the entire meeting selling her approach. Diane is using goal displacement here as she has another goal rather than the goal of the team which they've agreed on.

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